Isentropic Flow with Area Change + Examine mass and momentum? scgeauull Yd Wome fe ° pide equations for reversible and é aay adiabatic conditions A AtdA Mass ax (vis) e Momentum pte (vii) * av pv 2 oa visa steno, reverie + Combine do_ dp dA, dA Afi v Z 0> ppv A A pv apidp } AE3ASO P ptdp ° pido v vey A Avda | > + But isentropic (rev adiab.), so 3>= 35] = 4 dp Wa) wut6 4 v From* + Derived using only mass/momentum conservation, and speed of sou + Valid forall simpl ‘omp. substances AE3A50“ (ae?) + ForMél: dd, dp same sign dA, dv opposite sign + ForM>I: dA, dp opposite sign dA, dv same sign ) + How does area change effect flow properties? opt Mel ap, dvavays tank opposite sans Mart oharl=ph Nozale dv=0(dM-0) _|_ Diffuser dv<0 (asf<0) a _. 1= M gets bigger ae ven never get oN >_> + So need a throat to transition, Mel Mel Msi and M=1 at throat (sonic condition) —§ <> AE3A50Area Ratio For isentropic flow, look at effect of area change on M by comparing A at any point to area al sonic point (A*) ~ + refers to properties of a flow if sen, accel.decel ~ alternative to stagnation as ref. state tt (vii) for TP AE3ASO from VL6 ‘Area Ratio Results Two (isentropic) solutions for a given A/A* — one subson AzAt always, Accel. to high M requires large A/A* © mA _ pv AY (ay pwoA 8s maximum mai ee AES450Mass Flux and Stagnation Properties + Examine mass flux in terms of stagnation conditions > from V2, 176 mae Ma =P MJyRT RT,” from V6.7 CPG “Forgiven isen. flow, all stagnation (and sonic) properties constant, Choked Flow + For fixed stagnation os properties and flo —maxthatM=1 ela Po m= AP §(yM JRL (.M) + For nozzle with fixed stagnation properties ~ ifthroat is sonic,“ [Sub Supersonic can’t get more th by "> changing downstream " conditions (e.g., back — pressure) >Choked FlowFor nozzle with fixed stagnation properti and initially sonic throat, — ifreduce throat area a2 Ax flow at throat stays a2 sonic (Agger’A; T)and os ti (since AL, & mh/A , same) ° — if increase A, th T and eventually throat not SONIC (Agjue/A* L) Choked Mass Flowrate ‘Maximum flow rate when choked (M=1 at throat) Choked mass flowrate from f(7,1) (vias) To increase mass flowrate ~ increase A” (throat size) = increase p,, decrease T, (increase stagnation density) (41) typically near 0.7 0.726 3 f(yl)=40.685 y=14 Atoat 0.667 y=13 vRT,Example 1 For a supersonic wind tunnel with an incoming flow with — Oe Me«! (from a high pressure i reservoir or compressor), _/™ need a throat to produce M>1 What area throat required to produce a test section Mach number of M=3 in test section with 0.2 m? cross-section’ Assume isentropic flow, calor /thermally perfect gas, y=1.4. AE3ASO Example 2 Converging diverging supersonic nozzle with M,=2.0 and M,=3.0 What is A,/A,? Assume isentropic flow, calor,thermally perfect gas, 7-14. WEEExample 3 For nozzle shown, inlet area A,=0.50 m?, M,=0.20 and Pos Ty fixed How far can A, be reduced from (*) flowrate in nozzle? ‘A, without changing ma — Assume isentropic flow, calor/thermally perfect gas, y-1.4 AE3ASO Example 4 For nozzle shown (A,=0.060m?, iw ‘A,=0.020m2) and p,,T, fixed & ‘ For isentropic flow in the nozzle, a what are the limits on the com? allowed inlet Mach numbers (M,)? = Assume pepe, YI.” "Example 5 Same nozzle as Example 4, ine aan air and p,=S00kPa, T,=300K What is max. possible mass La flowrate through the nozzle? osent = Assume tpglepg, 7-14. AE3ASO