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Emigration was a constant feature in Spain during the 20th century, with emigrants originally going overseas to
the Latin-American countries. Later, during the second half of the century, when northern and western European
countries began to employ foreign workers, Spanish emigration altered its direction. For many years, the outward
flow of migrants balanced the excess of workers, particularly in rural areas. However, the seventies and eighties
saw a large drop in emigration, aggravating Spains unemployment problems.
But there has been a significant change in the migratory tendencies during the last 20 years or so and Spain,
which for years was a traditional country of emigration, has at present become a new pole of attraction of
migration flows. The reasons for Spains transformation from an emigration country into an immigration one are
diverse and caused both by Spains domestic situation and socioeconomic and political developments abroad.
The countrys membership in the European Union and its relatively continuous economic growth have made
Spain an attractive destination.
Immigrants have helped increase the Spanish population by over 4 million; legislation has been modified
many times in order to keep pace with this situation. From the beginning, the focus has been on controlling the
massive arrival of immigrants and combating illegal migration, which represents a central problem for Spain.
Significant changes have taken place in this country, not only at the demographical level, and immigration
has become an important topic both as a social and a political issue in the public debate.
A * COMPREHENSION
ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-2 ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THE TEXT. USE YOUR OWN WORDS.
1
Why did emigration cause a problem in Spain in the late decades of the 20th century?
2
What changes have occurred in migration flows in Spain more recently? Give two.
(4 points)
(1 point per answer)
ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT.
(0.5 points per answer)
3
After the 50s, western European countries employed Spanish workers.
4
The only reason why Spain receives immigrants today is that this country belongs to the EU.
5
Immigration has not altered the Spanish population numbers.
6
Legislation radically solved the problem of illegal immigration from the beginning.
B * USE OF ENGLISH
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C * PRODUCTION
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WRITE A COMPOSITION (80-100 WORDS). CHOOSE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING OPTIONS. SPECIFY YOUR OPTION.
a) Would you emigrate to another country to start a new life?
b) What measures could be taken to solve the problem of illegal immigration?
(3 points)
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(3 points)
UNIVERSIDADES DE ANDALUCA
PRUEBA DE ACCESO A LA UNIVERSIDAD
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