Wellheads

Sumur Produksi

1. Tubing (perforated)
2. Casing
3. Annular seal
4. Wellhead
5. Tubing suspension
6. Master valve
7. Master valve
8. Upper valve
9. Wing valve
10. Flow bean
11. To manifold
12. Operator
13. Hand wheel
14. Pressure gage
15. Annular space
outlet valve
16. Cellar

Penyelesaian sumur meliputi pemasangan casing dan

rangkaian pipa produksi, serta mengupayakan agar
cairan dapat mengalir ke permukaan, dimana dipasang
kepala sumur lengkap dengan Christmas tree.
Christmas tree merupakan sekumpulan valve, alat ukur
tekanan, penyangga tubing, dll.

What is a wellhead ?
The wellhead is
the surface foundation on which the well is built
up during the drilling operations and
the base for the Xmas tree for production
operations.

Wellheads - Drilling
During drilling process :
The well is controlled by
a BOP and choke
manifold
As the well is drilled
:Each annulus is sealed
off by the wellhead
4

Wellheads - Completed
well
After the tubing is installed :

The BOP's are removed

Xmas Tree

The Christmas tree is

installed to control the flow
from the well

Wellhead

Wellhead systems must be designed to :

1

Withstand tensile loads of

suspended tubulars

Provide a pressure sealing

capability ISOLATE the well from the external

Life of Well
Drilling
Production
Workover
Suspension
Abandonment

environment
ISOLATE between casings and
downhole formations
MAINTAIN PRESSURE during well
control operations, well testing or
shut in periods.

What does a wellhead

do ?
1

HANG-OFF
WEIGHT

CONTAINS
PRESSURE

MONITOR THE WELL

SAFETY
PROVIDE A BASE FOR THE
XMAS TREE

4
7

Surface Wellheads

Conventional spooled
system
BOP Stack

Tubing Head Spool

Casing Head Spool

Casing Head Housing

What are the main

components ?
Xmas Tree

Tubing Head Spool

Casing Head Spool

Casing Head Housing

10

Surface Wellhead schematic

Medium cost spool
system

11

Casing Head Housing

First element of the
wellhead

12

Casing Head Housing Functions

It is normally connected to the surface casing
Supports the next string of casing
Provides connection to the BOP and together with it
can:
Seal the wellbore (from the atmosphere)
Control access to the wellbore :
for pressure control
or fluid returns during drilling operations.

13

Casing Head Housing DescriptionTop connection flanged (standard)

Ring groove

Landing area for

Casing Hanger

Side outlets
threaded or
studded

Test port
Slip-on weld or threaded
bottom connection
14

Starter Head
Threaded onto surface
casing
Can provide a landing
plate to sit on the
conductor
Internal profile for next
casing string

15

CHH - Base Plate

The casing head may be used in
conjunction with a base plate for more
effective weight distribution.

Cellar

Conductor pipe
18

Surface casing

What happens after installing the

Casing Head Housing ?

Nipple up and test BOPs

Install wear bushing.
The next hole section is drilled.
The intermediate casing is run in the hole and is
cemented.
P/U BOPs
A rough cut is performed to allow retrieving remaining
casing and removing BOPs

19

Casing hung on Casing Hanger

Housing

20

Casing Hangers - Functions

Suspends intermediate or production casing
string
Centres the casing string in the head (or spool)
Seals off the casing annulus. ( It is the primary
seal )

21

Starter Head summary

22

Casing Hangers

23

Casing Hangers

24

Casing Hangers

25

Casing Hangers

26

Casing Head Spools

Second element of the
wellhead

Normally not
threaded as
pressures higher
Eg >3000psi.

27

Next Section is Installed

Casing Spool

28

Casing Head Spools Functions

Seals off (packs off) surface casing string
Provides support (landing bowl) for next casing string
Provides support for well control equipment (BOP Stack)
Sealing the wellbore (from the atmosphere)
Controlling access to the wellbore :
for pressure control
or fluid returns during drilling operations.

29

Casing Head Spools Description

Top connection flanged (standard)

Landing area for

Casing Hanger

Bottom connection
compatible with the top
connection on the
previous casing head or
spool
30

Ring groove
Side outlets
threaded or
studded /
flanged
(threaded not
common)

Test port

Pack Off or Secondary

Seal. Designed to fit
around OD of current
casing

What Seals Pressure Between

Flanges ?
Achieved using API ring gaskets

32

What happens after installing the

Casing Spool Housing ?

Nipple up and test BOPs

Install wear bushing.
The next hole section is drilled.
The intermediate/Production casing is run in the hole and
is cemented.
P/U BOPs
A rough cut is performed to allow retrieving remaining
casing and removing BOPs.
Casing Hanger is installed

33

Casing Hangers

Landing area

Intermediate
or
Production Casing

34

Casing Pack-offs
Fits inside the lower
flange of the casing
spool

35

Casing Pack-offs
Fits inside the lower
flange of the casing
spool

36

Casing Pack-offs
Fits inside the lower
flange of the casing
spool

37

Casing Spools summary

38

Tubing Head Spools

Third element of the
wellhead

39

Tubing Head Spools Functions

Seals off (packs off) production casing string
Provides support and lockdown for tubing hanger
Provides support for the BOP Stack

40

Tubing Head Spools Description

TUBING HANGER

LOCK DOWN BOLT

TOP BOWL FOR

TUBING HANGER
VALVE REMOVAL
PLUG THREADS

TEST PORT
Pack off designed to fit around
OD of production casing
41

Tubing Hangers
Tubing Hanger
Tubing Head
Spool

Tubing Bonnet

Tubing Hanger

Production
casing
Tubing

42

Tubing Head
Spool

Tubing Hangers
Functions
Suspends the tubing
Seals off the annulus
Provides a seat for a back pressure
valve (BPV) that can be temporally
installed allowing the BOP stack or Xmas tree to be removed

43

Dual Tubing Head

Locator pins to orient
the dual hanger

46

Tubing Hanger

47

Tubing Heads summary

48

Tubing Bonnet
Seats over the tubing
hanger neck
Xmas tree on top of
this

49

Tubing Bonnet

50

Tubing Bonnet

51

Dual Tubing Bonnet

Dual completion
Two tubing strings
Long string
Short string

Spreader

52

Tubing Bonnet summary

53

Questions

67