Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Class
CHAPTER 5
Date
Energy Resources
SECTION
2 Fossil Fuels
National Science
Education Standards
STUDY TIP
Compare In your notebook,
make a table to show the
similarities and differences
between different kinds of
fossil fuels.
READING CHECK
1. Identify Where do we get
most of the energy we use?
#OAL COMES FROM AREAS THAT
WERE SWAMPS AND BOGS
TAKE A LOOK
0ETROLEUM
0ETROLEUM COMES FROM
AREAS THAT WERE OCEANS
MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO
.ATURAL GAS
2. Describe In general,
where are the natural gas
deposits in the United States?
#OAL
Interactive Textbook
75
Energy Resources
Name
SECTION 2
Class
Date
Say It
READING CHECK
3. Identify What is most
natural gas used for?
STANDARDS CHECK
ES 1k Living organisms have
played many roles in the earth
system, including affecting the
composition of the atmosphere,
producing some types of rocks,
and contributing to the weathering of rocks.
0ETROLEUM
2ESERVOIR ROCKS
HOLD NATURAL GAS AND
PETROLEUM
)MPERMEABLE ROCKS ACT
LIKE A TRAP THAT PETROLEUM
AND NATURAL GAS CANNOT
MOVE THROUGH
0ERMEABLE ROCKS ARE
ROCKS THAT NATURAL GAS
AND PETROLEUM CAN
MOVE THROUGH
Interactive Textbook
76
Energy Resources
Name
SECTION 2
Class
Date
What Is Petroleum?
Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons that are in
the form of liquids. It is also known as crude oil. At a
refinery, petroleum is separated into many different
products, including gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel,
and fuel oil.
Petroleum products provide more than 40% of the
worlds energy, including fuel for airplanes, trains, boats,
ships, and cars. Petroleum is so valuable that it is often
called black gold.
READING CHECK
5. Describe What form is
petroleum found in naturally?
Petroleum can be harmful to animals and their environment. For example, in June 2000, the carrier ship
Treasure sank off the coast of South Africa. The ship
spilled more than 400 tons of oil into the ocean. The oil
covered penguins and other sea creatures, making it hard
for them to swim, breathe, and eat.
Math Focus
Interactive Textbook
77
Energy Resources
Name
SECTION 2
Class
Date
What Is Coal?
Coal is a solid fossil fuel that is made of partly
decayed plant material. Coal was once the main source
of energy in the United States. Like other fossil fuels,
coal releases heat when it is burned. Many people used
to burn coal in stoves to heat their homes. Trains in the
1800s and 1900s were powered by coal-burning steam
locomotives. Coal is now used in power plants to make
electricity.
HOW COAL FORMS
TAKE A LOOK
TAKE A LOOK
Interactive Textbook
78
Energy Resources
Name
Class
SECTION 2
Date
Critical Thinking
9. Infer What do you think
is the reason that fossil fuels
are still used today, even
though they create many
environmental problems?
TAKE A LOOK
Interactive Textbook
79
Energy Resources
Name
Class
Date
Section 2 Review
NSES
SECTION VOCABULARY
acid precipitation rain, sleet, or snow that contains a high concentration of acids
coal a fossil fuel that forms underground from
partially decomposed plant material
fossil fuel a nonrenewable energy resource
formed from the remains of organisms that
lived long ago
2. Compare Fill in the table to compare the different kinds of fossil fuels.
Kind of fossil fuel
What it is
How it forms
Coal
a mixture of gases
containing carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen
3. Summarize What are some of the problems with using fossil fuels for energy?
Interactive Textbook
80
Energy Resources
Chapter 5 Energy
Resources
SECTION 1 NATURAL RESOURCES
12%
5.
6.
Middle East
their needs
Possible answers: water, air, coal, metal
a resource that cannot be replaced as fast as
it is used
Many renewable resources are renewable
only if people do not use them too quickly. If
they are used too quickly, they become nonrenewable resources.
Possible answer: Nonrenewable resources
should be conserved so that we dont use them
up. Renewable resources should be conserved
so that they have time to regenerate.
Instead of...
You can...
15%
Africa
Europe and Asia
66%
Kind of fossil
fuel
What it is
How it forms
Coal
a solid fuel
made from plant
matter
Partly
decomposed
plant matter is
put under heat
and pressure.
Natural Gas
a mixture of
gases containing
carbon,
hydrogen, and
oxygen
Tiny sea
creatures die
and are buried
in sediment.
Petroleum
a mixture of
liquids containing
carbon,
hydrogen, and
oxygen
Tiny sea
creatures die
and are buried
in sediment.
38
Earth Science
of sudden events.
Uniformitarianism: Earth changes only
because of slow processes over time.
3. Some changes on Earth happen quickly, but
most happen slowly.
4. plants
5. Fossils can show how environments and life
on Earth have changed with time.
Review
1. Sudden processes can cause large changes
2.
Review
1. The sun cannot be used up.
2. Because biomass grows back very quickly,
3.
4.
5.
or small changes. The changes can be longterm or short-term. For example, a hurricane can affect a small part of Earth for a
few days. A comet impact on Earth could
cause Earths climate to change significantly.
Rocks are broken down into smaller pieces.
The pieces are carried over the Earths surface and deposited in layers.
A fossil is evidence that life once existed in
a place.
Some fossils are signs, such as footprints,
that organisms once existed.
Because the clams lived in shallow ocean
water, the rock in which the fossils were
found must have been part of a shallow ocean
5 million years ago. This probably means that
the ocean in this area once reached much
farther inland than it does today.
6.
7.
other rocks
superposition
They combine information from rock
sequences around the world.
They are not horizontal.
Folded rocks are bent or buckled. The shape
of the rock layers has changed. Tilted rocks
are simply moved so that they are no longer
horizontal.
igneous rock
a break in Earths crust
39
Earth Science