Guidancefor Fire and Gas Detection

Guidance for
Fire and Gas Detection
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Guidance on Industry Standard for Fire and Gas Detection
Table of Contents
Page
Foreword ............................................................................................ Error! Marcador no definido.
1.
Scope........................................................................................................................................4
2.
Normative references ...............................................................................................................4
3.
Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................4
4.
General .....................................................................................................................................5
4.1. Local codes and standards ............................................................................................5
4.2. Power supply .................................................................................................................5
4.3. Safety integrity level ......................................................................................................5
4.4. Electrical connections ....................................................................................................5
4.5. Vibration ........................................................................................................................5
4.6. Ingress protection ..........................................................................................................6
4.7. Switch and relay contact rating ......................................................................................6
4.8. Environmental protection ...............................................................................................6
4.9. Communications protocol ..............................................................................................6
5.
Flame detection ........................................................................................................................6

5.1. Type...............................................................................................................................6
5.2. Sensitivity ......................................................................................................................6
5.3. Response time ...............................................................................................................6
5.4. Alignment .......................................................................................................................6
5.5. Diagnostics ....................................................................................................................6
5.6. Output ............................................................................................................................6
5.7. Testing ...........................................................................................................................6
5.8. Field of view ...................................................................................................................7
5.9. False alarm immunity ....................................................................................................7
5.10. CCTV flame detectors ...................................................................................................7
5.11. Infrared flame detectors .................................................................................................7
5.12. Ultraviolet flame detectors .............................................................................................7
6.
Flammable gas detection..........................................................................................................7

6.1. Type...............................................................................................................................7
6.2. Response time ...............................................................................................................7
6.3. System faults .................................................................................................................7
6.4. Output ............................................................................................................................7
6.5. Open path gas detectors ...............................................................................................8
6.6. Point infrared gas detectors ...........................................................................................9
7.
Toxic gas detection ...................................................................................................................9

7.1. Sensitivity ......................................................................................................................9
7.2. Calibration .....................................................................................................................9
7.3. False alarm immunity ..................................................................................................10
Page 2 of 21

7.4.
Environmental tolerance ..............................................................................................10
8.
Gas leak detection ..................................................................................................................10

8.1. Technology ..................................................................................................................10
8.2. Sensitivity ....................................................................................................................10
8.3. Response time .............................................................................................................10
8.4. Testing .........................................................................................................................10
9.
Heat detection.........................................................................................................................10
9.1. General ........................................................................................................................10
9.2. Point detection (electrical/electronic) ...........................................................................10
9.3. Point detection (pneumatic) .........................................................................................11
9.4. Linear detection ...........................................................................................................11
10.
Oil mist detection ....................................................................................................................11

10.1. System configuration ...................................................................................................11
10.2. Sensitivity ....................................................................................................................12
10.3. Response time .............................................................................................................12
10.4. Environmental tolerance ..............................................................................................12
10.5. System faults ...............................................................................................................12
10.6. Output ..........................................................................................................................12
10.7. Testing .........................................................................................................................12
11.
Smoke detection .....................................................................................................................12

11.1. Aspirating .....................................................................................................................12
11.2. Point detectors .............................................................................................................13
11.3. Open path ....................................................................................................................14
12.
Manual fire alarm stations.......................................................................................................14
13.
Panel equipment .....................................................................................................................15

13.1. Panel architecture ........................................................................................................15
13.2. Power supplies ............................................................................................................15
13.3. Operator interface ........................................................................................................15
13.4. Other system interfaces ...............................................................................................17
14.
Certification inspection and testing .........................................................................................19

14.1. Certification and inspection .........................................................................................19
14.2. Factory acceptance test ..............................................................................................19
14.3. Site acceptance test ....................................................................................................19
15.
Documentation........................................................................................................................19
Bibliography .....................................................................................................................................21
Page 3 of 21

1.
Scope
This X provides guidance on industry standard for the design, materials, fabrication, inspection,
testing, documentation, and preparation for shipment of equipment for fire and gas detection.
2.
Normative references
The following normative documents contain requirements that, through reference in this text,
constitute requirements of this technical practice. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or
revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this
technical practice are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of
the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative
document referred to applies.
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

IEC 61508-2
IEC 61508-3
3.
Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safetyrelated systems Part 2: Requirements for

electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems.
Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safetyrelated systems Part 3: Software requirements.
Abbreviations
For the purpose of this X, the following abbreviations apply:
AWG
American wire gauge.
CCTV
Closed circuit television.
ESD
Emergency shutdown.
EMC
Electromagnetic compatibility.
F&G
Fire and gas.
FAT
Factory acceptance testing.
FSD
Full scale deflection.
HVAC
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.
IP
Ingress protection.
IR
Infrared.
I/O
Input and output.
LED
Light emitting diode.
LEL
Lower explosive limit.
LELm
Lower explosive limit metre.
Page 4 of 21

4.
LFL
Lower flammable limit.
mA
milliamps.
MAC
Manual alarm contact (US definition).
MAC
Manual alarm call point (UK definition).
MTBF
Mean time between failure.
RHO
Radiant heat output.
SAT
Site acceptance testing.
SIL
Safety integrity level.
T90
Time to reach 90% of scale.
TWA
Time weighted average.
UEL
Upper explosive limit.
UFL
Upper flammable limit.
UV
Ultraviolet.
Vdc
Voltage direct current.
VDU
Visual display unit.
General
4.1. Local codes and standards

Fire and gas detection equipment shall comply with local codes and standards.
4.2. Power supply
Detection equipment should operate on a nominal 24 Vdc power supply within a range of
18 Vdc to 32 Vdc.
4.3. Safety integrity level
Detectors used to ensure safety or protect the environment with a specified integrity level shall
comply with IEC 61508-2 and IEC 61508-3, and the assigned safety integrity level (SIL).
4.4. Electrical connections
a.
Detection equipment shall have sufficient connection terminals for all electrical
conductors, with one conductor per terminal.
b.
Conductor sizes may be up to 2.5 mm2 (AWG 10).
4.5. Vibration
Detection equipment shall be designed to ensure correct operation during vibration up to 1 mm
(0.04 in) from 2 Hz to 60 Hz.
Page 5 of 21

4.6. Ingress protection

Detection equipment installed outdoors shall have an ingress protection rating of at least IP66
(NEMA 4).
4.7. Switch and relay contact rating
Relay contacts or switch contacts used for input circuits to the F&G panel shall have a minimum
rating of 1A at 24 Vdc.
4.8. Environmental protection
a.
Detection equipment shall be suitable for the environment in which they are installed, and
shall be protected from the effects of corrosion, dust, vibration, and hosing-down
operations.
b.
Detection equipment may be fitted with protection from the environment (for example, sun
visors or water splash guards). Such protection should not impair detection capability.
4.9. Communications protocol
5.
Flame detection
5.1. Type
Flame detectors should be closed circuit television (CCTV), infrared (IR), or ultraviolet (UV).
5.2. Sensitivity
For general use, equipment should detect a fire of 10 kW radiant heat output (RHO) at 10 m
(33 ft).
5.3. Response time
Response time shall be less than 10 seconds.
5.4.
Alignment
a.
Detectors shall allow easy horizontal and vertical adjustment of /4 radians (45 degrees).
b.
Detectors shall lock in the desired position.
5.5. Diagnostics
System shall contain diagnostics for checking that the detector is online.
5.6. Output
a.
b.
Detectors or interface units shall have volt-free relay contacts for:

1.
Alarm.
2.
Fault.
Detectors should have serial communication capability (or equivalent) for use with
interrogation tools or connection to smart control equipment.
5.7. Testing
A fire alarm simulation test source that can be used a minimum of 5 m (16 ft) from the detector
should be provided.
Page 6 of 21

5.8. Field of view

Detectors shall have at least a /2 radian (90 degree) field of view in the horizontal axis.
5.9. False alarm immunity
Solar interference (sunlight), artificial lighting, or regularly modulated black body radiation
shall not cause false alarms.
5.10. CCTV flame detectors
Closed circuit television (CCTV) flame detectors that analyse object motion and behaviour
should be used for detecting hydrocarbon fires.
5.11. Infrared flame detectors
a.
Single frequency detectors that respond to infrared radiation equivalent to the CO2 band
should be used to detect hydrocarbon fires.
b.
Detectors that respond to infrared radiation outside the CO2 emission band shall be subject
to X approval.
c.
Multiple wavelength detectors shall be subject to X approval.
5.12. Ultraviolet flame detectors

Ultraviolet (UV) flame detectors shall respond to energy radiation wavelengths from
0,18 microns to 0,25 microns.
6.
Flammable gas detection
6.1. Type
Flammable gas detectors should be point or open path infrared type.
6.2. Response time
Response time to reach 90% of scale (T90) shall be:
a.
Less than 5 seconds for general applications.
b.
Less than 2 seconds for HVAC duct applications.
6.3. System faults

a.
Detector and supporting electronic equipment shall detect and communicate any failure
that might prevent a response to hydrocarbon gas.
b.
Undetected failures in ability to respond correctly to hazards are not acceptable.
6.4. Output
a.
Detector should have 020 mA current output (sink or source configurable, or option).
b.
Required output modes are in accordance with the following table:

Current (mA)
0
2
4
20
c.
Signal meaning
Common fault
Optical fault
No gas
Full scale deflection
Detectors should have serial communication capability (or equivalent) for use with
Page 7 of 21

6.5. Open path gas detectors

6.5.1. System configuration
a.
For open areas, open path gas detectors should be the split transmitter and receiver type.
Detectors with combined transmitter/receivers using a reflector panel should not be used.
b.
For HVAC duct applications, either split transmitter and receiver type detectors or
combined transmitter/receivers using a reflector panel may be used.
6.5.2. Alignment
a.
Transmitters and receivers shall allow easy horizontal and vertical adjustment of
/4 radians (45 degrees).
b.
Transmitters and receivers shall lock in the desired position.
c.
The system should be tolerant of misalignment of either or both the transmitter and the
receiver of 4,4E3 radians (0,25 degrees) without any effect on system operation.
6.5.3. Sensitivity
a.
For general area use, the detector sensitivity range should be 05% lower explosive limit
metre (LELm).
b.
For HVAC applications, the detector sensitivity range should be 0100% lower explosive
limit (LEL). Detector calibration should be determined by the width of the duct, or path
length, whichever is shorter.
6.5.4. Calibration
Detector shall be calibrated so that the flammability of any gas compositions for the area where
it is installed shall not be underestimated.
6.5.5. Diagnostics
System shall contain diagnostics for the following conditions.

a.
Improperly installed equipment shall be detected. Detection of either excess path length or
misalignment shall prevent equipment from going operational.
b.
After initial setup, significant reduction in signal for more than 60 seconds shall
automatically indicate an optical fault.
c.
If system is in optical fault condition, gas shall be detectable without underestimation of

flammability.
d.
Reduction of signal strength to less than 5% of the initial setup value for more than 1 hour
detector shall indicate a common fault.
6.5.6. False alarm immunity
a.
Solar interference (sunlight) shall not cause false alarms.
b.
Sunlight shall not cause the detector to be unavailable, even if this condition is
communicated.
c.
Detector shall not produce an alarm indication greater than 0,5 LELm in response to any
combination of obstructions, vibration, or external sources of infrared radiation (including
solar and hydrocarbon flare radiation) in the beam.
d.
A test report verifying this performance shall be submitted for X approval.
Page 8 of 21

6.5.7. Environmental tolerance
a.
Fouling of optical surfaces by the common contaminants found in the area of installation
should not cause unwanted alarms.
b.
Substantial fouling shall be communicated as an optical fault.
c.
Detector should be capable of operating in sea fog densities equivalent to a transmittance

of 0,1 (90% drop in visibility) over 40 metres (130 feet), measured at a nominal
wavelength of 0,632 microns.
d.
Information on wavelength dependent effect of varying water droplet sizes should be

provided.
6.5.8. Testing
a.
Optical test filters to test function and accuracy of the detector should be provided.
b.
Using calibration gas to test these detectors is unacceptable due to the large volume of gas
that would need to be released into the optical path.
6.6. Point infrared gas detectors

6.6.1. Sensitivity
The standard sensitivity range of the detector should be 0100% LEL.

6.6.2. Calibration
a.
Detector shall be calibrated so that it will never underestimate the flammability of any gas
compositions that it may see in the area it is installed.
b.
Detector shall be factory calibrated and should not be recalibrated in the field.
6.6.3. False alarm immunity
a.
Detector shall not produce an alarm indication greater than 10% LEL in response to water
or water vapour in the optical path.
b.
A test report verifying this performance shall be submitted for X approval.
6.6.4. Environmental tolerance
a.
Fouling of optical surfaces by common contaminants found in the area of installation shall
not cause unwanted alarms.
b.
6.6.5. Testing
Optical test filters should be provided to test function and accuracy of the detector. If this is not
available, calibration gas may be used.
7.
Toxic gas detection
7.1. Sensitivity
The sensitivity range of the detector should be from zero to no more than twice the time
weighted average (TWA) for the target gas.
7.2. Calibration
Detectors should be supplied with suitable calibration gas for site calibration.
Page 9 of 21

7.3. False alarm immunity

7.4. Environmental tolerance
8.
Gas leak detection
8.1. Technology
Gas leak detectors should be based on ultrasonic technology.
8.2. Sensitivity
Detector should have adjustable sensitivity settings from 44 dB to 104 dB.
8.3. Response time
a.
Standard response time should be less than 5 seconds.
b.
Time delays may be employed to improve false alarm immunity.
c.
Maximum time delay shall not exceed 30 seconds.
8.4. Testing
A test source should be provided that can be used at a distance of a minimum of 5 m (16 ft)
from the detector for gas leak simulation.
9.
Heat detection
9.1. General
Several types of heat detection are available, based on technologies such as bimetallic strips, IR
sensors, thermistors, frangible bulbs, fusible plugs, and pressurised plastic tubes.
9.2. Point detection (electrical/electronic)
9.2.1. General
a.
Point detection detectors should respond to a factory set temperature and incorporate an
additional trip on a high rate of rise in temperature.
b.
The detector should be approved for compliance with the recognised test standard (for
example, UL or CSA) in the country of installation.
c.
The detector should be self-resetting.
9.2.2. System faults
a.
Detector and supporting electronic equipment shall include functions to detect and
communicate any condition that might prevent fire detection.
b.
Undetected failures in availability to respond correctly to hazard are not acceptable.
9.2.3. Outputs
a.
b.
Detector shall be one of the following:

1.
Addressable
2.
A simple current change detector that produces an increase in circuit current when it
detects heat.
System shall be capable of indicating the following four circuit conditions:
Page 10 of 21

1.
Short circuit fault.
2.
Quiescent.
3.
Alarm.
4.
Open circuit fault.
9.2.4. Testing
A heat source to test the detector should be provided.

9.3. Point detection (pneumatic)
a.
If firewater deluge valves must be directly controlled, frangible bulb or fusible plug
pneumatic heat detection systems may be used.
b.
These detectors can also be used without a deluge valve as a detection only system,
where the electrical signal is used to raise alarms and cause control actions.
c.
These detectors should use a pressure transmitter (rather than a pressure switch) for alarm
and fault indication.
9.4. Linear detection

Linear detectors should be used to supplement other forms of detection in difficult areas (for
example, a heavily congested plant or where flare radiation may be visible).
9.4.1. Pneumatic tube systems
Pneumatic tube systems should be used in preference to frangible bulbs or fusible plugs where
detection of fires below 100 kW RHO is required. These systems should be configured in the
same manner as pneumatic point heat detection systems.
9.4.2. Electrical linear heat detectors
a.
Electrical linear heat detectors come in two types:

1.
Detectors that respond to an average temperature along their length.
2.
Detectors that respond to the highest temperature at any point along their length.
b.
Detectors should be self resetting.
c.
Detectors should have control equipment with volt-free relay contacts for alarm and fault
indication.
9.4.3. Optical linear heat detectors
Optical linear heat detectors should use a property of a particular type of optical fibre (Ramman
scattering) that changes with temperature to monitor the temperature at any point along the
fibre.
Optical linear heat detectors should have control equipment that has volt-free relay contacts for
alarm and fault indication.
10. Oil mist detection

10.1. System configuration
a.
Oil mist detection systems are a combination transmitter/receiver using a reflector panel.
b.
These detectors can be used for open path smoke detection, and dual function smoke and
oil mist detectors.
Page 11 of 21

10.2. Sensitivity
Alarm sensitivity should be a signal loss of 0,5 dB or greater.
10.3. Response time
10.4. Environmental tolerance
a.
b.
10.5. System faults

a.
The detector and supporting electronic equipment shall include functions to detect and
communicate any condition that might prevent a response to oil mist in the optical path.
b.
10.6. Output
a.
b.
Detector or its interface unit should have volt-free relay contacts for:
1.
Alarm.
2.
System fault.
3.
Optical fault.
A serial communication (or equivalent) output for use with smart control equipment is
preferable to a simple relay output interface.
10.7. Testing
Optical test filters should be provided to test the function and accuracy of the detector.
11. Smoke detection

Smoke detectors should be ionisation or optical type. Optical detectors should be photoelectric,
open path infrared beam, or laser based aspirating.
11.1. Aspirating
11.1.1.
System configuration
The system should be a single unit containing a fan, laser based detector, and control/display
card that is connected to a piping distribution network that covers the protected space.
11.1.2.
Sensitivity and response time
Detector should be calibrated for the specific application. Calibration should ensure that
detector achieves full scale deflection (FSD) in the required time.
11.1.3.
System faults
a.
communicate any condition that might prevent smoke detection.
b.
Undetected failures in availability to respond correctly to the hazard are not acceptable.
Page 12 of 21

11.1.4.
11.1.5.
Output
a.
Detector should have at least 3 volt-free changeover relay contacts, two used for preset
smoke concentration thresholds, and one for fault.
b.
Detector should have serial communication (or equivalent) capability for use with
Diagnostics
The system shall contain diagnostics to detect changes in air flow a maximum of 10% from the
commissioned value that could arise due to broken or blocked pipework.
11.1.6.
Testing
A burned wire test kit should be provided to test the function of the system for compliance with
the performance requirements.
11.2. Point detectors
11.2.1.
Ionisation
Ionisation smoke detector should have a dual chamber design for sensing both visible and
invisible combustion products.
11.2.2.
Photoelectric
Photoelectric detectors shall operate on the light scattering principle and shall have a sensing
chamber that allows smoke entry while minimising light entry.
11.2.3.
HVAC duct mounting
For mounting in HVAC ducts, the detector shall be installed outside the duct with sampling
tubes drawing a sample from the air being monitored.
11.2.4.
Approval
The detector should be approved for compliance with the recognised test standard (for example,
UL or CSA) in the country of installation.
11.2.5.
11.2.6.
System faults
a.
The detector and supporting electronic equipment shall include functions to detect and
communicate any condition that might prevent smoke detection.
b.
Output
a.
b.
Detector shall be one of the following:

1.
Addressable
2.
A simple current change detector that produces an increase in circuit current when it
detects smoke.
System shall be capable of indicating the following four circuit conditions:

1.
Short circuit fault.
2.
Quiescent.
3.
Alarm.
4.
Open circuit fault.
Page 13 of 21

c.
11.2.7.
Each detector should have an LED to indicate when the detector is in alarm.
Testing
Smoke detector test aerosol should be provided to test the function of the detector.
11.3. Open path
11.3.1.
System configuration
Open path systems should have a combined transmitter/receiver using a reflector panel.
11.3.2.
Sensitivity
Alarm sensitivity should be a signal loss of 0,5 dB or greater.

11.3.3.
Response time

11.3.4.
11.3.5.
11.3.6.
Environmental tolerance
a.
b.
System faults
a.
communicate any condition that might prevent a response to smoke in the optical path.
b.
Output
a.
b.
11.3.7.
The detector or its interface unit should have volt-free relay contacts for:
1.
Alarm.
2.
System fault.
3.
Optical fault.
A serial communication (or equivalent) output for use with smart control equipment is
preferable to a simple relay output interface.
Testing
Optical test filters should be provided to test the function and accuracy of the detector.
12. Manual fire alarm stations

a.
Manual fire alarm stations shall have one set of volt-free changeover contacts.
b.
The contacts shall have a minimum rating of 1A at 24 Vdc.
c.
Manual fire alarm stations may be of the break glass, lift flap and push button, or pull
handle type.
Page 14 of 21

13. Panel equipment

13.1. Panel architecture
a.
Panel equipment used for detector interface may be a centralised unit or be a number of
distributed units communicating to a central control point.
b.
The system may use solid state or programmable electronics for system logic. If
programmable electronics are used the requirement for redundancy for the necessary safety
integrity level shall be determined by analysis in accordance with IEC 61508.
13.2. Power supplies

a.
Power supply design shall consider the need for redundant supplies and distribution.
b.
The level of redundancy shall be determined by analysis in accordance with IEC 61508.
c.
Circuit breaker and fuses shall be rated for current surge on equipment powerup as well as
current limit.
d.
Failure of any circuit breaker or fuse shall automatically be reported as a fault on the F&G
panel.
13.3. Operator interface

13.3.1.
13.3.2.
General
a.
Operator interfaces should be visual display units (VDUs).
b.
For small systems (less than 100 I/O circuits) front panel displays may be used for the fire
panel and gas control cards only.
c.
Hardwired matrix panels may be used as backup to VDU systems, or as the primary
interface for small systems.
VDU philosophy
VDU based operator interfaces should be based, where feasible, on the Vendor standard.
13.3.3.
13.3.4.
Area mimics
a.
Area mimics should show an overall view of the site.
b.
Each area mimic shall be divided into subsections, each corresponding to an expanded
mimic.
c.
Each subdivision of the area mimic shall define the presence of an alarm, fault, or
inhibit/override condition.
d.
No individual detectors shall be shown on area mimics.
e.
An alarm or fault condition shall be automatically displayed on the correct subdivision of

the area mimic in alarm, and simultaneously give an audible warning that can be silenced
by the operator.
Expanded mimics
a.
Each expanded display shall show a detailed part of an area mimic display, including more
text information (where space permits), and a reference to the presence of an active fire or
explosion protection system where relevant.
b.
Each individual detector and MAC shall be shown in its approximate location.
c.
Fire areas where nonaddressable fire circuits are installed shall show one indication per fire
area of smoke, heat, flame, and manual alarm call point.
Page 15 of 21

13.3.5.
d.
In large fire areas, this indication may need to be subdivided.
e.
The same rules as the area mimic regarding colour convention and other features apply to
these expanded displays.
Alarm banner area
An area of each area mimic and expanded mimic shall be used as an alarm banner indicating the
first up unacknowledged fault or alarm.
13.3.6.
13.3.7.
Trending pages
a.
Trending page displays should show the value of analogue parameters within individual
detectors.
b.
It should be possible to set trend rate and duration for a minimum of 10 values.
c.
The trend resolution should be adjustable to one second sample intervals.
d.
If trending pages are used, all analogue values fed into the system should be available for
trending.
System output
System output displays should show the state of all system outputs as either activated or not
activated.
13.3.8.
13.3.9.
Inhibits and overrides
a.
The system shall have facilities for applying inhibits to detectors and overrides to output
devices.
b.
The application of an inhibit should prevent the inhibited detector from automatically
generating control actions but should not prevent audible and visual alarms at the control
point.
c.
The application of an override should prevent the overridden output from being activated
from the F&G system until the override is removed.
Fire pump and ring main display
If a site has fire pumps, a separate mimic display shall be used for fire pump ring main and fire
pump status.
13.3.10.
Alarm lists
a.
Standard alarm lists shall be available on a rolling alarm principle, detailing tag number,
alarm type, location, and time.
b.
Each line shall be tagged, and shall indicate the time of occurrence.
c.
Alarm text shall be shown red flashing until accepted, changing to nonflashing.
d.
Fault text shall be shown yellow flashing until accepted, changing to nonflashing.
e.
Inhibit and override text shall be shown cyan nonflashing.
f.
Status text shall be shown in white with the above accept facilities.
g.
There shall be two alarm listings:
h.
1.
One current showing fire, gas, manual call point, and fault.
2.
A second alarm listing shall be available for historical records and may be sorted for
display on either a device basis or a time period basis via the directory.
The historical alarm listing shall be capable of listing all events and operator actions.
Page 16 of 21

i.
13.3.11.
13.3.12.
13.3.13.
Storage capacity shall hold on file at least the last 10,000 events.
Printer facilities
a.
Alarms received into the system shall be available for printing on demand.
b.
Each entry shall have a full line identical to the historical alarm listing display.
Alarm handling
a.
For both area and expanded mimics, sensor symbols that are not in alarm shall be
displayed green or white.
b.
If a sensor goes into alarm, status indication at base of display area shall start flashing, red
for alarms and yellow for faults, and the audible alarm shall sound.
c.
The first alarm condition shall automatically display the correct area mimic, with a red
flashing fire, manual call point, or gas symbol, in the area where the alarm has occurred.
d.
First alarms shall be individually acknowledged from the expanded mimic display, where
the flashing symbol identifier will go steady and continue to stay red until the relevant
detectors are reset.
e.
After any alarm condition, display selection of the correct area mimic shall be made by
direct select button or by another fast access field facility.
f.
It shall not be possible to reset unacknowledged alarms.
g.
Global acknowledge and reset facilities should only be available on pages where all the
indications that will be affected by their action are displayed.
Page access
Page hierarchy shall be arranged so that any page can be displayed in no more than two
commands.
13.3.14.
Previous/next paging
Special keys shall enable access to one display forward or back in the display hierarchy, up to
the last 10 pages displayed.
13.4. Other system interfaces
13.4.1.
13.4.2.
General
a.
The F&G system may be required to interface with several systems (for example, ESD,
HVAC, fire protection, fire pumps, and public address).
b.
The interface between the F&G system and other systems shall be hardwired discrete
circuits for each control action.
ESD interface
a.
Output relays should be provided in the Fire and Gas system to interface with the
emergency shutdown (ESD) system where automatic shutdown actions have been
specified.
b.
A single relay should be provided for ESD, ESD with blowdown, and each individual
process unit shutdown where required.
c.
These relays should be normally deenerxed with volt-free closed contacts, opening for a
control action command.
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d.
13.4.3.
13.4.4.
13.4.5.
13.4.6.
13.4.7.
The output circuit including the relay coil should be monitored for all fault conditions that
could prevent the relay coil being enerxed on demand (for example, open circuit or short
circuit).
HVAC
a.
Output relays should be provided in the F&G system to interface with the HVAC system to
initiate the starting and stopping of fans and opening and closing of dampers.
b.
A single relay should be provided for each control action.
c.
d.
circuit).
Fire protection systems interface
a.
Output circuits should be provided in the F&G system to interface with fire protection
system actuation solenoids.
b.
These circuits shall monitor the field device in the nonenerxed state and its cabling, for all
fault conditions that could prevent the solenoid being enerxed on demand (for example,
open circuit or short circuit).
Fire pumps
a.
If fire pumps are installed, output circuits should be provided for automatic starting of the
fire pumps.
b.
Controls, alarms, and status indications should be provided on the F&G system for all fire
pumps on a site.
c.
Output relays should be provided for all fire pump controls, and at the fire pump controller
for all inputs to the F&G system.
d.
e.
circuit).
Public address
a.
Output relays should be provided in the Fire and Gas system to interface with the public
address system to audible and visual alarms on an individual area basis.
b.
Each area shall have a single relay.
c.
Relays shall be normally deenerxed with volt-free closed contacts, and shall open for a
d.
circuit).
Other systems
a.
Controls, alarms, and status indications should be provided on the F&G system for
standalone packages.
b.
Output relays should be provided:
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1.
In the F&G system for all control actions.
2.
At the local control panel for all inputs to the F&G system.
c.
Output relays shall be normally deenerxed with volt-free closed contacts, and shall open
for a control action command.
d.
could prevent the relay being enerxed on demand (for example, open circuit or short
circuit).
e.
Use of standalone F&G panels separate from the main F&G system is discouraged. If
feasible all F&G detectors should be connected directly to the main F&G system.
14. Certification inspection and testing

14.1. Certification and inspection
Certification and inspection records shall be provided as defined by X or their representative on
the purchase order. These records may include:
a.
Hazardous area certificates.
b.
Test and inspection records.
c.
Calibration certificates.
d.
Third party approvals (for example, fire marshal approval for fire detection service).
e.
EMC compliance.
f.
Any document required to demonstrate compliance with local lexlation.
14.2. Factory acceptance test

a.
A factory acceptance test (FAT) shall be performed to demonstrate that the equipment
performs as specified, including any site specific configuration.
b.
For practical reasons, simulators may be used to simulate field detectors.
c.
Simulators shall be limited to simulating no more than 90% of the detectors.
d.
The remainder of the test shall use the actual field equipment.
e.
FAT will be performed against a procedure, provided by Vendor, and subject to X

approval.
f.
Test results shall be accurately recorded, including any simulators used and any ad hoc
tests that were performed.
14.3. Site acceptance test

a.
A site acceptance test (SAT) shall be performed to demonstrate that the installed
equipment performs as specified including any site-specific configuration.
b.
SAT will be performed against a procedure, provided by the supplier, subject to X

approval.
c.
Test results shall be accurately recorded, including any ad hoc tests that were performed.
15. Documentation
a.
Manuals and other information required for design, operation, and maintenance of the
supplied equipment, including any necessary accessories, shall be provided.
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b.
The following topics shall be included, together with any information required on the
specification sheet for the detector:
1.
Detector specification and functional description.
2.
Detector performance.
3.
MTBF calculations (including accessories if supplied).
4.
System design application notes.
5.
Installation and commissioning procedures.
6.
Test and maintenance procedures.
7.
Spares and accessory lists.
8.
Operating and maintenance manuals.
Page 20 of 21

Bibliography
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Guidancefor Fire and Gas Detection

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Guidancefor Fire and Gas Detection

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Guidance for

Fire and Gas Detection

Error! No se encuentra el origen de la referencia.

Normative references ...............................................................................................................4

Flame detection ........................................................................................................................6

Flammable gas detection..........................................................................................................7

Toxic gas detection ...................................................................................................................9

Error! No se encuentra el origen de la referencia.

Environmental tolerance ..............................................................................................10

Gas leak detection ..................................................................................................................10

Oil mist detection ....................................................................................................................11

Smoke detection .....................................................................................................................12

Manual fire alarm stations.......................................................................................................14

Panel equipment .....................................................................................................................15

Certification inspection and testing .........................................................................................19

Error! No se encuentra el origen de la referencia.

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safetyrelated systems Part 2: Requirements for

American wire gauge.

Closed circuit television.

Fire and gas.

Factory acceptance testing.

Full scale deflection.

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.

Input and output.

Light emitting diode.

Lower explosive limit.

Lower explosive limit metre.

Error! No se encuentra el origen de la referencia.

Lower flammable limit.

Manual alarm contact (US definition).

Manual alarm call point (UK definition).

Mean time between failure.

Radiant heat output.

Site acceptance testing.

Safety integrity level.

Time to reach 90% of scale.

Time weighted average.

Upper explosive limit.

Upper flammable limit.

Voltage direct current.

Visual display unit.

4.1. Local codes and standards

Conductor sizes may be up to 2.5 mm2 (AWG 10).

Error! No se encuentra el origen de la referencia.

4.6. Ingress protection

4.9. Communications protocol

Detectors shall lock in the desired position.

Detectors or interface units shall have volt-free relay contacts for:

Error! No se encuentra el origen de la referencia.

5.8. Field of view

Multiple wavelength detectors shall be subject to X approval.

5.12. Ultraviolet flame detectors

Flammable gas detection

Less than 5 seconds for general applications.

Less than 2 seconds for HVAC duct applications.

6.3. System faults

Undetected failures in ability to respond correctly to hazards are not acceptable.

Required output modes are in accordance with the following table:

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6.5. Open path gas detectors

Transmitters and receivers shall lock in the desired position.

System shall contain diagnostics for the following conditions.