Respiratory System

Packet:
Page 1: Vocabulary/11 points
Page 2: Disorders/ 22 points
Page 3: Treatment and Testing/
28 points
Page 4: Labeling
Page 5: Labeling
Page 6: Care plan / 50 points
Page 7: Lab Day Write up/30
points
Neatness and Organization: 4
points
Total 145 points

Look up the definitions on the following

terms in the medical terminology book.
Put these in your own words that make it
easiest to study for the test.
1. Pulmonologist: physician whos specialty is in lung
conditions and diseases and treating them
2. Epistaxis: bleeding from nose
3. Hypoxia: deficiency in amount of oxygen reaching the
tissues
4. Cyanosis: bluish discoloration of skin from poor
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

circulation or oxygen
Dyspnea: difficult or labored breathing
Hemoptysis: coughing up blood
Tachypnea: abnormally rabid breathing
Bradypnea: abnormally slow breathing
Apnea: temporary pause of breathing especially during

sleep
10.
Respiratory rate: rate of breathing, usually breaths
per minute
11.
Normal respiratory rate for adults: 12 to 20
breaths per minute

Disorders:
Follow along during lecture and make notes on
the following disorders:
1. COPD- lung disease that interferes with normal breathing
a. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
b. Barrel chested
c. Progressive lung disease that makes it harder to breath
over time
d. Alveoli damaged
e. Usually have history of smoking, exposure to chemicals,
pollution, allergens
f. Dyspnea, wheezing, mucus, coughing, anxiety
g. Treatment- medication, oxygen, inhalers, avoid smoking,
raise head up, cannot lay flat
2. Asthma- respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi,
causing difficulty in breathing
a. Inflammation of respiratory tract
b. Caused by overexertion, stress, allergies
c. Symptoms- dyspnea, wheezing, coughing, chest tightness
d. Treatment- inhalers, epi, oxygen, anti inflammatory,
medication, rest, avoiding triggers

3. Pneumothorax- presence of air or gas in cavity between lungs

and chest wall, causing collapse of lungs
a. Athlete will have SOB, chest pain, and unequal chest rise
b. Keep athlete calm, call for 911, breath sounds unequal,
breath sounds absent on one side
4. Hemothorax- lung effusion where blood accumulates in lung
cavity
a. Cause by direct collision to chest area, rib fracture, tearing
of lung tissue
b. Cause lung collapse
c. Athlete experience chest pain, abdominal pain, rapid pulse,
SOB
5. Fractured Rib- a blow to the chest could result in a rib fracture,
Displaced- ends of bones are misaligned, Non

displaced- ends of bones remain aligned

Have athlete take deep breath, tenderness is sign of

fracture
A stethoscope can also listen for crepitus-

subcutaneous air under skin, feels like rice krispies

Run risk of puncturing lung or spleen
Non displaced rib fracture will heal spontaneously
If you suspect fracture, wrap it to hold ribcage in

place
6. Hyperventilation- breathing at a faster rate than is necessary
a. Causes more carbon dioxide to be expelled than needed
b. Numbness and tingling in fingers, toes, lips, chest pain,
dizziness, passing out
c. Caused by pain, anxiety, fever, injury, neuro injuries
d. Calm the athlete, make them talk, breath into a paper bag,
monitor vital signs
7. Flail Chest- ribs sustain multiple fractures resulting in multiple
segments that are not attached at either end

a. Results in chest moving inward during inspiration and

outward during expiration
b. Abnormal respiratory movement
c. Life threatening
d. Chest pain, SOB, cyanosis, severe point tenderness, pain
when breathing
e. Keep athlete calm, put in position where they can breath,
splint area of fracture with pillow and elastic bandage
8. Pulmonary contusion- bruise to the lung caused by trauma
a. Causes bleeding in lung tissue, potential for lung collapse,
chest pain, trouble breathing, point tenderness
b. Apply ice and compression to the site, call for emergency
help, watch for signs of shock and hyperventilation
9. Blows to the Solar Plexus- hit to the pit of the stomach knocks
wind out of player
a. Solar plexus is group of nerves behind the stomach
b. Can paralyze the diaphragm and stop breathing
c. Calm down athlete
d. If athlete passes out, breathing should naturally occur, if
10.

not begin rescue breathing

Chest Contusions- bruise to chest area caused by a direct

blow
a. Chest pain, point tenderness, swelling, trouble breathing,
b. apply ice, leave compression on
11.
Side Stitches- caused by lack of oxygen to intercostal
muscles, brought on by poor conditioning
a. Have athlete raise the arm on the affected side over head
b. If persists for an hour send to physician

Treatments:
For the following research the specific term and find a
picture for a visual aid next to the starred terms.
1. Lobectomy *- a surgical removal of a lobe of an organ.
Most often refers to the removal of a section of lung,
liver, brain, thyroid gland, etc.

2. Pneumonectomy*- surgical removal of a lung or part of a

lung

3. Thoracentesis*- procedure to remove fluid from the space

between the lining of the outside of the lungs (pleura)
and the wall of the chest

4. Spirometer*- an instrument for measuring the air

capacity of the lungs

5. Endotracheal Intubation*- a medical procedure in which a

tube is placed into the windpipe (trachea) through the
mouth or nose.

6. Pulmonary Function test- group of tests that measure

how well the lungs take in and release air and how well
they move gases such as oxygen from the atmosphere
into the bodys circulation
7. Bronchodilator- a drug that causes widening of the
bronchi
8. Supplemental oxygen for those who have trouble
breathing frequently, fuels muscles and allows one to
move around without problem, helps brain function and
keeps lungs and heart healthy
9. Ventilator*- an appliance for artificial respiration/ a
respirator

10.
Thoracotomy*- incision into the pleural space of the
chest, a surgical incision into chest wall

11.
Chest x ray- produce images of your heart, lungs,
blood vessels, airways, and the bones of your chest and
spine. Can also reveal fluid in or around lungs or air
surrounding a lung
12.
Chest tube*- a flexible plastic tube that is inserted
through the chest wall and into the pleural space or
mediastinum

13.
C-pap*- leading therapy for sleep apnea, patients
wear mask during sleep that provides a positive flow of
air into the nasal passages to keep the airway open

14.
Pulse Oximeter*- test used to measure the oxygen
level of the blood, measure of how well oxygen is being
sent to parts of body (arms and legs)

Scenario # 1:
Laney is a 25-year-old female that is training for a full
marathon that is happening in 6 months. Before she
started training Laney got no physical activity
regularly. She currently has no health issues. Create
an exercise-training plan for Laney. Research a
marathon-training program as a reference.

1 Short Term goals for Laney and provide 3

interventions on how to meet each goal.

1 Long term goal for Laney and provide 3

interventions on how to meet each goal.
Create a training plan for the first week and the last
week of her training. Make sure to include diet and
hydration concerns.
What changes in her respiratory function should you
see in the last week of training compared to the first
week of training? Look up what consistent exercise
does to your lung capacity.

Care Plan for Laney:

Short Term Goal #1
Build up Laneys endurance
Interventions:
1. Push Laney to see how far she can run without stopping (30
minutes)
2. Encourage her to take rest days
3. Encourage her to exercise different muscles and get
involved in sports

Long Term Goal #1

Complete the full marathon
Interventions
1. Inform her that it is okay to take breaks and walk
2. Make sure she regularly eats well (carbs, protein, water)
and exercises following up to the race
3. Let her know how big her accomplishment is

First Week of Training Exercise Schedule:

Let her know that she will need to change her diet and get the
majority of her calories from carbs and proteins (potatoes,
yams, beans, peas, bread, bananas, macaroni, spaghetti,
cereal, apples, rice, carrots). She also needs to eat
unsaturated fats. Also inform her that she needs to constantly
carry water and other fluids with her when she is exercising
and throughout the day. Tell her the importance to ice
whenever she feels sore to avoid injury. Also encourage Laney
to avoid alcoholic beverages and coffee because they work
against hydration.

Last Week of Training Exercise Schedule:

Every week she should attempt to gradually increase her
distance. Right before the race she will need to allow her body
to recover so it can be strong for the marathon. Laney will also

need to carbo-load during this week. Remind her to practice

keeping a steady pace when running.
1. run for 30 minutes see how far she can go
2. rest
3. do more cardio
4. do strength training
5. rest
6. run for 30 minutes see if any improvement
7. rest
What effect does consistent exercise have on lung capacity?
When you exercise regularly the body can efficiently transport
and use oxygen making the capacity bigger and exercise less
difficult. The lung capacity could increase 5 to 15 percent.

Sources:
http://www.marathonrookie.com/marathon-training.html
http://healthyliving.azcentral.com/total-lung-capacity-changeduring-exercise-20389.html

Scenario #2
Bill is a 76 year old patient with a history of COPD for
30 years. His current symptoms are SOB while
walking more than 3 feet, chest pain with exercise,
and coughing with mucus. With this in mind Bill has to
get some physical activity as ordered by his
physician.
Name one short-term goal with 3 interventions
Name 1 long-term goal with 3 interventions

Create a weeklong exercise schedule to help Bill get

physically fit

Care Plan for Bill:

Short Term Goal #1
Work up to a 30 minute exercise 4 times a week
Interventions:
1. Ask Bill about what physical activities he enjoys
2. Encourage Bill to make a schedule and fit exercising into
routine
3. Teach Bill breathing techniques he can use while exercising

Long Term Goal #1

Have a regular exercise routine
Interventions
1. Inform Bill on the steps each exercise routine should have
2. Get an exercise buddy to keep him motivated
3. Encourage him to try new things

First Week of Training Exercise Schedule:

Let Bill know all the benefits of exercising for his physical and
mental health. Inform Bill on the importance of a warm-up,
conditioning phase, and a cool down. Tell him he can divide his
exercises into three parts (stretching, Cardiovasular/aerobic,
and Strengthening). Encourage Bill to choose exercises he
enjoys and gradually work them into his schedule. Remind him
to always wait an hour and a half after eating prior to
exercising and follow his fluid restriction guides. In the first
week start with a short walk and see how long he can go
before becoming breathless and allow Bill to stop and rest
whenever he needs to.
1. see how far he can walk without losing breath
2. rest
3. try to increase walking distance from Monday (10 feet)
4. rest
5. attempt to climb stairs
6. rest
7. try walking and stairs for one day

What considerations so you have to take into account with

exercise and Bills COPD? Research how to incorporate
exercise into patients with COPD schedule.
Remember that he may have an oxygen tank and that his
eating habits will be different. Encourage him to eat small high
calorie snacks throughout the day

Sources:
http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_Un
derstanding_COPD/hic_Coping_with_COPD/hic_COPD_Exercise_a
nd_Activity_Guidelines

Lab Day:
Station #1
The normal breathing sound was very light with
normal rhythm. Abnormal breathing has very deep
sounds and it sounds like its filled with fluids.

Station#2
Felt rib area and listened for air sacs/crepitus. Next
we had the patient breath and saw if there was pain.
Finally we wrapped the patient around the ribs
leaving enough room for breathing.

Station #3
Drains fluid and other substances from tube
inserted in side
If water system bubbles there is an air leak-bad
Need chest tube if you have hemothorax or
pnuemothorax

Station #4

 Review chart for method of delivery, flow

rate, titration orders, and identify client
Wash hands
Inform patient on procedure and what you
are doing, encourage them to breath
through nose
Move patient to best position to facilitate
optimal lung expansion
Plug it in
Turn on oxygen at prescribed rate
Hold in proper position with prongs curving
downward
Place prongs into nares
Wrap tubing over and behind ears
Adjust plastic slide under chin so it fits
snugly
Place gauze behind ear
Monitor patient

Station #5
It appears that Fred was hit in his solar plexus
because of his description of getting the wind
knocked out of him. First we will calm down the
athlete and encourage him to breath slowly or talk to
you. If he ends up passing out breathing should
return normally, if not begin rescue breathing.

Station #6
Kasey got knocked down after getting hit directly
in her chest. There is chest swelling, a large

bruise, and increased trouble expanding her ribs

when breathing.
Kasey has a Chest Contusion. We will apply ice
for 20 minutes and leave off for hour and leave
compression on her chest.
Lobectomy
What it is- the surgical removal of a lobe of an
organ such as the thyroid gland, lung, or liver
reasons why you need one- lung cancer,
tuberculosis, severe COPD, trauma