OurUniversePart2Worksheet

Universe

GalaxiesandStars

SolarSystems

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Iseverything,thathasmatter,
andisemptyspace.

Therearemillionsand
millionsofgalaxiesmillions
andmillionsofmilesapart.
Weareapartofthemiliky
waygalaxyweareaspiral
galaxy.

Ourgalaxyismadeupofstars
whicharemassiveballsofgas
thatscreatesenergy.

Galaxyhasthreedifferent
types.

Spiral:Turnsintoeachother
andhaswhatlookslikearms
atthesides
Elpitical:Easiertosee,these
aremoreovalshape.

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OurstartheSun,and
everythingthatevovled
aroundit,wehaveeightmain
thingsthatevolvearound,
planets.

Asteriods
Planets
Comets
Sun
stars

Sun

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Sunismadeupofan
enormousballofgases.

Massismadeupmostlyof
heliumandhydrogen.

Interiorandatmosphereeach
consistofseverallayers.

Thesunconsistsofthree
differentinteriorlayers:core,
radiationzone,convection
zone.

Core:Createsenergythrough
nucelarfushion,process
wherehydrogenatoms
combinetocreatetomake
helium

Irregular:Itdoesntlook
spiralanditdoesntlook
elptical

Galaxiesaremillionsand
millionsoflightyearaway
fromeachother.

Lightyearsarethefastest
thingweknowofinour
world.Whereyoustartto
beamalighttotheendofthe
yearhowfarthelighttravels,
thatisalightyear.

Astarisamassiveballofgas
thatcreateditsownenergy.
Nuculearfushion.

Starsformfromanubelulaa
cloudofdustanddebripulled
together,Thereissomuchof
itwilllaterheatup,suchitself
intoitself,andblowsup
creatingnuceularfushion
whichgivesyouthebeginning
ofthestar,whichiscalleda
protostar.

Starscanbemanydifferent
temperatures,andsizes.We
classifiythemintolettersto
thecooleststartothehotest

RaditionZone:Areaoftightly
pactedgas.Sodenseitmight
take100,000yearstoget
through

ConvectionZone:Outermost
layeroftheEarthsinteror.
Hotgasesrisefromthe
bottomandcoolwhenthe
reachthetopmakingloops.

SunsAtmosphere:The
photosphere,thechromosphere
andthecorona.

1. Photosphere:Theinner
layeroftheSuns
atmosphere.Itisapartof
thesunthatgivesoff
light.
2. Chromosphere:the
greekword
chromameanscolor
sinceitisthecolored
sphere.Atthestartand
endofaneclipseyou
canseethislayers
reddishglowaroundthe
photosphere.
3. Corona:Outerlayerthat
lookslikeahaloora
crown.Extendsinto

star.ThesunisaGnearthe
middleofthespectrum.

Thelifeastardpeendsonthe
massofthestar,ifitisastar
withasmallmass,itwillbe
differenttoalargermass.

Whenthestarislargeritonly
livesmillionsorhundredsof
yearsbecauseiteatsupso
muchenergy.

Whentheydietheexplosion
willdefientlybelargerthan
theEarth.

Thelifeofastariscalled
stellarevloution.

Redgiantstariswhenthestar
starstoexpand,abouttodie,
butitwilllaterpullinonits
selfanddie.

Planterarynubuleawillturn
intoawhitedwarf.

Whitedwarfiswhatisleft
overofwhateverhasbeen
pulledtogether.

spaceformillionsof
kilometers
Cronagraduallythinsinto
streamscalledsolarwind.Solar
windsarechargesparticles
flowingoutwardinall
directionsoftheSun.

Features:

Sunspotsareasofgasthatare
coolerthanthegasesaround
them.Theyseemtomovewhich
provesthattherunrotatesonits
axsis.Theymaylooksmallbut
theycanbelargerthanthe
Earth.

Promincestheyareredlooped
gasesonthesurfaceoftheSun.

SolarflaresSometimesthe
loopsinsunspotregions
connect,releasingexterodinary
amountsofmagenticenergy.

Ifitisahighmassstar,ithas
somuchenergyitcanturn
intoablackhole.Theyareso
densethatitsuchsanythingin
andnothingcangetout.

Ourstarwillprobabalywill
liveupuntilitis5billion
years.Ithasabout2andhalf
billionmoreyearsleft.It
wouldengulfpasttheEarth.

Asupernovaisthebiggest
andmostviolentofthemall.

Planets

Asteroids

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Comets

Meteors

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Nearlysphereical
objectsthatorbit
aroundthesun.

Innerplanets:

Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars

Terstialplanetsterstial
meaningearthlike.
Theyarecatgorized
togetherbecausethey
arerealtivleysmall,
rocky,andvery,very
dense.

OutterPlanets:

Jupitar
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

Thesearegasgiants,
theyarecatergoized
togetherbecausethey
aremadeupofgasand
alsobecauseofthe
largesize

Areirregularrockyobjects,that
alsoevovlearoundourstarand
usuallyareinlargebelts.Usually
realtivelylarge.

Astroidbeltseperatesthethe
innerplanetsfromtheouter
planets,alltheasteroidsarevery
large,theycouldbeaslargea
planet.Thesecouldbedebrifrom
otherplanetsfloatingoutin
emptyspaceuntilitranintothe
thegravtitionalforceoftheSun.

Pastneptunethereisanother
asteriodbeltcalledcaproybelt

Bigballoficeanddustthese
alsoorbitandevovle
aroundthesun.Butthese
objectshaveridiculous
elpicticalpaths.Pathsare
reallyreallythinbutalso
reallyreallylong.

Themainpartofcometsare
thenucelus,thecoma,and
thetail.

Nucelus:Really,cold,icy
partinthemiddle.Likea
chunkofice,youcantsee
thispartbecasuethecoma
isaroundit.

Coma:Aroundthenucelusis
thecoma,whichismadeup
ofdustparticlesthatare
surrundingthenucelus.

Tail:Trailsbehindthecoma
andthenucelus,theblue
partismorethegasesand
thewhitepartismoreofthe
dust.

Findmanyoftheseinthe
caproybelt.

Chunksofdustthatareinspace,
theyaredifferentfromcometsand
asteroidsandcometsbecausethey
breakofffromthem.

Whentheyareinspacetheyare
calledmeteroids.Themeteroid
continuestomovethroughtoutthe
solarsystem.

Everyonceinalonglongtime,ad
meteriodwillcomeclosetoEarth.
Ifitcomesintooutatmosphereitis
thencalledameteor.

Withthespeedthemeteoris
travelingitwillheatitsselfup
becauseofthefrictionagainstthe
meteorandpuratmosphere;ike
puttingyourhandstogetherand
rubbingthembackandforth.