Probability and Statistics

Hints/Solutions to Assignment No. 1

5
5 4 3!
2 = 48
1. Required probability
=
= 0.384.
55
125
2. Use definitions.
3. Let A 5 appears, B even number appears. Then
A = {(1, 4), (2, 3), (3, 2), (4, 1)}. Also B will have 18 elements. So
2

1
1
1 14 1 14 1
2
=
P(A) =
, P(B)
. Now the P(5 appears first) = + . + . + .... = .
9
2
9 36 9 36 9
11
4. Given
=
P(C) 0.6,
=
P(H) 0.3, P(C
=
H) 0.2.

The required probability

= P(C H C ) + P(CC H)
= P(C) P(C H) + P(H) P(C H) = 0.5
5. Let A person is smoker, D death due to lung cancer. Given P(A) = 0.2, P(D)
= 0.006 and P(D|A) = 10 P(D|AC) = 10 x, say. Use theorem of total probability to
get 10 x = 3/140 = 0.0214.
6. Use addition rule and the definition of the conditional probability.
7. 0.25.

2(1 )
.
2(1 ) + 2 + 3
(ii) Use theorem of total probability. Reqd prob. = ( + 2 + 3)/6.
(iii) Use theorem of total probability,
P( digit 1 was received) = (2 - 2 + 2 + 3)/ 12,
P( digit 2 was received) = ( + 4 - 4 + 3)/ 12,
P( digit 3 was received) = ( + 2 + 6 - 6)/ 12.

8. (i) Use Bayes theorem, Reqd prob. =

9. Let C an automobile policyholder makes a claim,

M automobile policyholder is male
F automobile policyholder is female
Given P(M) = , P(F) = 1 ., 0 < < 1. P(C|M) = pm, P(C|F) = pf .
Now P(A1) = P(C | M) P(M) + P(C | F) P(F) = pm + (1 ) pf .
P(A 2 A1 ) p m2 + (1 )p f2
=
P(A 2 | A1 ) =
.
P(A1 )
p m + (1 )p f
10. (i) False (ii) True (iii) False (iv) False
13 52
11. .
4 4
12. Count the cases to find the required probability as 43/216.

10

13. P( getting all Ex in one semester) =

1
1
31
. Reqd. prob. =
=
1 =
0.272 .
5
2
32
32

14. Use definition.

n
n n
3
in
15. P(X= i)= 2 , i= 0, 1, ..., n. P(A B | X =
i) =
2 . P(A B) =
.
4
i
Also P(A B =) =P(A BC ).
16. P(student scores at least 8 marks) = P(scores 8 marks) + P(scores 9 marks) +
P(scores 10 marks) = 5/512.
17. 7/17, 6/17, 4/17.
18. Let X number of girls qualifying, Y number of boys qualifying.

p=
P(X > Y) =
P(X =
n + 1) + P(X =
n + 2) + ... + P(X =
2n)
2n
2n
2n 1 2n
2n
1 2n
=
+ + ... +
+ ...=

2 n + 1
2n 2 0
n 1
= P(Y > X)

2n 1
=
r P(X
= Y)
= .
n 2
2n
1 1 2n
As 2p + r =
1 , we get=
p
1 .
2 2 n
2n