DVB-T

Nguyn l hot ng :

 Pha pht :

Source coding and MPEG-2 multiplexing :

+ Tn hu video s : l tn hiu tng t c ly mu vi tn
s ly mu cao hn tn s Nyquist ( h PAL : 10MHz; h NTSC: 8.4
MHz) sau c lng t ho v cui cng l m ho bng cc loi
m nh m NRZ, RZ v BiPh.
+ Tn hiu audio s : quy trnh tng t nh bin i video s.
tn hiu audio tng t c ly mu cc loi tn s khc nhau ph
hp vs cc mc ch khc nhau ( 32kHz: truyn dn, 44.1kHz: ghi v
pht tn hiu audio trong h PAL & NTSC; 48kHz : qung b ) sau
c lng t ho v m ho theo cc loi m nh NRZ vs BPM.
Nn video s : video s c nn theo tiu chun MPEG2 4:2:2MP@ML c kh nng gii m trong phm vi 15-

50Mbps c th p ng c c 2 chun video 4:2:2 v

4:2:0.
Nn audio s : cng s dng chun nn MPEG-2 c th
p dng cho nhiu tc khc nhau t 32-1066 Kbps.
Audio v video nn v d liu streams c dn knh qua
b ghp knh chng trnh v ghp knh dng truyn ti truyn
trn cc knh truyn c nhiu vi tc truyn t 5-32 Mbps
Spiltter:
Truyn 2 tn hiu SDTV v HDTV cng lc da vo k thut
Hierarchical Transmission.
MUX adaptation and energy dispersal :
Cung cp cc tn hiu ngu nhin v mt mc c bn cho vic
chng li. Cc tn hiu ngu nhin c ci vo b to dng ph v n
da trn c s b trn cc tn hiu gi ngu nhin nh phn PRBS
( Pseudo Random Binary Source), ng b khung cho mt khung gm
8 gi MPEG-2 ( mi gi gm 188 byte c ngu nhin m ho)
phn tch bi mt byte o ngc.
External encoder:
Tip theo qu trnh ngu nhin ho v phn tn nng lng, m
ho Reed-Solomon thu ngn h thng s c thc hin trn mi gi
truyn ti MPEG-2 ngu nhin ho vi T=8. iu ny c ngha s sa
c 8 byte li trn mi gi truyn ti bng cch thm vo 16 byte
tng ng vo gi truyn ti MPEG-2.
External interleaver :
cho b gii m RS pha thu khng b qu ti bi cc cm
burst, k thut Interleaving tch chp ngu nhin ho cc byte li
trc khi a ti b sa li RS, do nng cao kh nng sa li ln
12 ln, bng cch ny tt c cc burst li ngn hn 761 bit c th sa

 Internal encoder :
Lp th 2 ca hiu chnh li c a ra bi m php nhn
chp b xuyn thng thng c biu th nh FEC.
Internal interleaver :
Dy d liu c sp xp li ln na vi mc ch gim thiu
nh hng ca nhm sai s.
D liu c kim sot li ca 2 ng HP v LP c a
qua b chia chia thnh 2,4 hay 6 ng d liu ra ph thuc vo
loi iu ch ( 2 ng cho QPSK, 4 ng cho 16Qam v 6 ng
cho 64 QAM)
Mapper & Frame Adaptation :
Tt c sng mang d liu s c nh x ph thuc cc b iu
bin phn cp hoc khng phn cp c dng v h s = 1,2 hoc
4. Vi l khong cch nh nht gia 2 chm im cha cc gi tr
bit HP khc nhau.
OFDM Modulation :
K thut iu ch OFDM l mt trng hp c
bit ca phung php iu ch a sng mang trong
cc sng mang ph trc giao vi nhau, nh vy ph tn
hiu cc sng mang ph cho php chng ln ln nhau
m pha thu vn c th khi phc li tn hiu ban u.
S chng ln ph tn hiu lm cho h thng OFDM c
hiu sut s dng ph ln hn nhiu so vi cc k thut
iu ch thng thng. Nh OFDM l chia dng d
liu tc cao thnh cc dng d liu tc thp hn
v pht ng thi trn mt s cc sng mang, ta thy
rng trong mt s iu kin c th, c th tng dung
lng ng k cho h thng OFDM bng cch lm thch

nghi tc d liu trn mi sng mang tu theo t s

tn trn tp SNR ca sng mang .
Cc dy block c iu bin theo k thut OFDM, dng 2048,
4096 hoc 8192 sng mang.
Guard interval insertion :
Khong bo v c chn vo gia cc symbol trnh can
nhiu gia cc symbol do phn x a hng.
rng ca mi khi bo v c th bng 1/32, 1/16, 1/8 hoc
1/4 ca chiu di khi nguyn mu
DAC and front-end :
Tn hiu s c chuyn sang tn hiu tng t bng b chuyn
i s-tng t sau c iu bin sang tn s radio (UHF).

 Pha thu :

Tn hiu truyn hnh k thut s thu c t anten Yagi s a

qua b chia splitter thnh nhiu ng tn hiu, mi ng c a
vo u thu k thut s s cho ra tn hiu hnh v ting nh ban u.
Hai tn hiu ny s c a vo m ho thc hin m ho cc
knh truyn hnh, tn hiu sau s c iu ch li vi sng mang
c chn la theo s sp xp cc knh truyn hnh hu tuyn trong
cp ng trc.
My thu hnh s DVB-T c cc kh nng sau :
Mode iu ch : 6/7/8 MHz
th chm sao : QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM
T l m ho : 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8
Khong bo v : 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32
Gii iu ch phn lp : = 2, 4
Sa li Reed-Solomon : RS(204/188)
rng bng tn mch lc SAW : 6/7/8 MHz

Tin x l ( Analog Front-End) :

 UHF channel filter (lc knh truyn) : c yu cu loi b nhng

di cng sut d tha c th lm bo ho b khuch i theo sau. c
tnh ca b lc UHF ph hp l tn tht nh (ti a vi dB), kh nng
loi b tn s khng mong mun tt.
Low Noise Amplifier ( B khuch i nhiu thp) : lm gim nhiu
vi h s nhiu ti a l 2dB and li ti thiu khng qu 20dB.

 The UHF channel filter 2 : loi b cng sut tn s nh vi bng

thng rt thp t c li va phi
Mixer + Local Oscillator : i tn s t RF sang IF
SAW filter : loi b nhng sn phm khng mong mun sau khi i
tn.
Amplifier 3 : l b khuch i nhiu thp trung tn c s dng
to t c li cao hn trc khi c a vo b ADC.
Sau tin trnh tin x l analog, tn hiu DVB c i tn xung trung tn
thp hn vi tn s 36MHz.

 Gii iu ch :

 Chuyn i A/D : B chuyn i A/D thng c kho chnh xc mi 4

ln. Sau khi chuyn i A/D, dng d liu by gi c tc khong 20
Megawords/s c ng b thi gian
ng b thi gian : Lc ny, hin tng t tng quan c dng tm ra
thng tin ng b. Vi vic s dng t tng quan, cc thnh phn ca tn
hiu dc d ra tn ti trong mt vi khong thi gian v trong cng mt
cch. Hm t tng quan s cung cp tn hiu nhn dng vo trong khong
bo v v k t.
Thit b chuyn mch ( changeover switch) : chia dng d liu t b chuyn
i A/D thnh 2 dng d liu chn-l vi tc d liu bng mt na cho
mi trng hp.
FIR & Delay : nhng dng d liu ny l lnh t 1 dng khc bi mt
na chu trnh ly mu. trit tiu lch ny, b lc FIR s ni suy cc
gi tr trung gian. Sau 2 dng d liu ny c dn tin n b trn phc
hp c cung cp vi cc sng mang c to ra t b to dao ng k
thut s (NCO)
Khi x l tn hiu FFT : Ca s ly mu ca n c iu khienr bi khi
ng b thi gian, bin i cc k t COFDM tr li min tn s.
iu khin ngu nhin v phn tn ( continual & Scattered Pilots) : c
dng nh tn hiu o cho vic nh gi v hiu chnh knh truyn pha thu.
Vic o s bin dng bin v pha cho php hm hiu chnh cho knh
truyn c tnh ton, xoay biu chm im tr v v tr nh danh ca
n.
TPS signal : Song song vi vic hiu chnh knh truyn, cc sng mang TPS
c gii m trong knh truyn cha hiu chnh. Mi mt symbol cha mt
lng ln sng mang TPS v mi sng mang th mang thng tin nh nhau.
Thng tin TPS cn thit cho vic gii m nh x theo vic hiu chnh knh
truyn cng nh gii m knh truyn. Do , b demapper sau c np

 M ho truyn dn ( Channel Decoder) :

D liu sau khi c sp xp li c phn loi v a vo b gii m

Viterbi. Ti y, cc bit b chm thng, cc bit gi c chn vo ln na.
gii m Viterbi cng vi gii m chp xon s ph v cc nhm li bng
cch hu b s an xen iu ny lm cho vic gii m RS d dng hn. Gii
m RS sa ln ti 8 bit li trn mi packet vi s h tr ca 16 bytes kim
sot li. Nu c hn 8 li trn mt packet, transport error indicator c
set ln 1 v sau vic vn chuyn dng d liu khng th tip tc y ti
b gii m MPEG-2 v s chn li phi c tin hnh. S phn b nng
lng cng phi b g b.
Dng d liu ri khi gii iu ch DVB-T c a vo dng ra ca b
gii m MPEG-2 ni n c gii nn thnh tn hiu video v audio