AshleyCampa

3rdPeriod
ExerciseExperiment

Thislabreportaddressestheanalysisofrestingbaselinedatacomparedtoexercisedata
fromthecardiovascularandrespiratorysystems.AnEKG,alsoknownasaECG,isagraphical
recordingoftheelectricalactivityoccurringwithintheheart.TheEKGcandiagnoseslowing,
speeding,andirregularrhythmsinjurytothemuscletissueandthedeathofmuscle.Thelength
ofanintervalindicateswhetheranimpulseisfollowingitsnormalpathway.Alonglengthofan
intervalindicateswhetheranimpulsehasslowedortakenalongerroute.Thesinoatrialnode
initiatesanelectricalsequence,whichiswhattheEKGbeginstoread.Thespikesanddipsinthe
tracingsarecalledwaves.Thefivecomponentsofasinglebeataretraditionallyrecognizedand
labeledP,Q,R,S,T.ThePRintervalreadstheatrialcontraction,QRSreadstheventricular
activation,andtheQTreadstheventricularrepolarization.Exercisecancausetheheartrateto
goupbecausethehearthastopumpfastertobeabletogetthebloodthroughthebody.
Lungcapacitiesarecombinationsoflungvolumesbothlungvolumeandlungcapacity
valuesvaryaccordingtogender,age,andheight.Asthedomeshapeddiaphragmmoves
downward,thethoraciccavityexpands.Themusclefibersofthediaphragmarestimulatedto
contractbyimpulsesconductedonthephrenicnerve.Atthesametime,theexternalintercostal
musclesmaycontract,raisingtheribsandexpandingthethoraciccavityfurther.The
intraalveolarpressuredecreasestheatmosphericpressureforcesairintotherespiratorytract
throughtheairpassagesandthelungswillfillwithair.Lungvolumesvarywithexercise,but
lungcapacitydoesnot.WhenrelaxedtheaverageamountofmLis500.Whenexercisingthe
productionofcarbondioxideincreases.Thetidalvolumeisthewayforthelungstoallow
exhalationoftheincreasedcarbondioxidelevels.
Therateofrespirationalsoincreasesto
facilitatethedeliveryofoxygentothebloodstream,itisthentransportedtothemuscles.

Question:
Howdoescontinuousexerciseaffectcardiovascularfunctionandrespiratoryfunction?

Hypothesis:
Continuous exercise will increase a person's heart rate and function. Also, it will increase the
functionofthelungsbutitwilldecreaseaircapacity.


Materialsusedforlab:

Figure1:Phototakenbyauthor.Thephotoaboveisthetoolsthatwereusedthroughoutthelab.

SafetyInformation:
Safety is always important when working in the lab evenifyouaredoingthesimplesttask.One
hazard was acid used to preserve the pH probes for the exhaled CO
and pH change lab.
2 levels

The exercise that had to be done was run in place or do jumping jacks becauseit isnotallowed
to run around the lab in case of an injury. The precautions that were needed during the
respiratory capacity tests was to stand next to table to hold ontoandapartnertohelptheperson
in case the person was to get light headed while doing the breathing. The other precaution that
was needed to take was when working with acid the person had to wear goggles. Gloves and
apronswerenotneededbutifthepersonwantedtotaketheextraprecautionitwasallowed.

SummaryofProcedures:
The first test that was done was the baseline EKG test. Thefirststepthathadtobedonewas to
set up the EKG plugs into the labquest machine by plugging the EKGsensorsintothemachine.
The nextstepthatwasneededtocompletethetestwasplacingthesensorystickers on thecorrect
places close to the forearms and wrists. The last step that was done was getting the heart rate
results, the collected time data was copied to the graph. The next test was to do the same EKG
test while exercising. Anothertestthatwasdonewastherespiratorycapacitytestwhich iswhere

the person blew into the spirometer in three different ways, and then did the same thing while
exercising. The data was taken and recorded in the graphs. The last test that was done was the
exhaled CO
2 levels and pH change test.Thefirststep that was takenwasto startbypluggingthe
pH plugs into thelabquestmachine.Thenextstepwastopourtwentymillimetersofwaterintoa
graduated cylinder and into a cup. Then the person had to take the pH probe outoftheacidand
rinse it and collect the data before the CO
. Thelaststepwastograbastrawandbegintobreath
2
causingthewatertobubbleafterblowingintothestrawforfortysecondsthedatawascollected.

BaselineCardiovascularData:
Atrestbaselinedata:

Figure 2: Image by author. The image above is personal cardiovascular data. It is the results of
the heart rate taken at rest. The beginning and ending time are different because of since the
person is at rest the heart rate is beating normally. The heart rates beats per minute is 68. After
exercise the beginning time and ending time havedecreasedbecausetheheartratehasincreased
causing the time interval in between to decrease. The heart rate beats per minute is 76, it
increasedby8beatsperminute.

AnalysisofCardiovascularData:
EKG varies by heart beat. When a person is at rest the heart wave lengths are longer which
means the heart rate is normal. After exercising the waves of the heart beat went through a

significant change. During exercise the increased heart wave causes the wave lengths to be
shorter. The shorter the wave lengths are the more time there is in betweenintervals.Continous
exercise afffects the heart rate significantly because thehearthastokeepupwiththebodywhile
pumping blood thorughthebodyandsendingairintothelungs. Theheartwavelenghtsshowthe
heart variations you can visulize this in the waves PR, QRS, QT, and wave RR. The heart
waves experienced an increase in quickness and rapidness the cause was that the heart was
workinghardertopumpbloodandfreshoxygenthroughoutthebody.

BaselineRespiratoryData:

Figure 3:Imagebyauthor.Theimageaboverepresentsthelungvolumeatrest.Thetidalvolume
was a normal breath that did not go very high the more times it was done, the numbers would
decrease. In the
expiratory reserve volume the person had to exhale as long as they could. The
numbers in ERV test decreased because the more times it was done the person would begin to
run out of breath quicker.Inthelasttestwasthevitalcapacity,thepersonhadtobreatheinthree
times and then exhale into the spirometer. The numbers in VC test increased because the lungs
had more air causing it to increase the numbers. The otherisafterexerciseit
representsthelung
volume after exercise. As you can see the lung volume decreased because of the continuous
exercise that was performed. The numbers decreased because the heart was beating at a much
fasterrateandthebreathsshorterandmuchfaster.

BaselinepHChangeData:

Figure 4: Image by author. The images above are representations of personaldataofpHchange

while at rest. The otherhalfoftheimageaboveisarepresentationofpersonaldataofpHchange
after exercise. The numbers have decreased because after exercising the person was exhaling
more carbon dioxide which it lowers the acidity. The more carbon dioxide the person exhales
intothewateritcausestheacidlevelstochange.

AnalysisofRespiratoryData:
The charts above are representing how continuous exercise actually affects the respiratory
system. The lung capacity was tested in different situationsinthreetrials.Thebaselinedata was
collectedatbothatrestand afterexercise.Thenumberschangedgreatlyespeciallywhenthedata
is compared after the exercise was performed. The average column was the column that was
simple but still showed how the numbers drastically changed. Due to the oxygen leaving your
body atafasterrateduringtheexercisethelungsareworkinghardertogetmoreoxygenbackin:
this does not allow your lungs to fill to their max capacity which does not allow to exhale as
much air as before the exercising was performed. The fast pace of your breathing allows for
quick shallow breaths rather than deep breaths. During the pH lab the more you exercise the
morecarbondioxideisbeingreleasedwhichcausestheaciditytodecrease.