Quy trnh luyn dch vit

I. Quy trnh luyn dch vit

Bc 1: Read through
c bi cn dch t u n cui mt lt. Mc ch: nhn din tng ca bi
vit.
V d: Bi vit v ch bo v mi trng ( environmental protection). Sau khi
c xong, hc vin c th tm tt ni dung chnh ca bi vit trong 4 cu, ri tm
tt trong 3 cu, ri tm tt trong 2 cu, ri mt cu. C th tm tt bng ngn ng
ngun (Source Language) hoc ngn ng ch ( Target Language). Hot ng ny
gip hc vin nm bt tng mt cch c ng nht. Trong ln c ny, ta khng

cn c tng cu, tng ch, v cng khng cn bit ngha ca tng t. y l bc

survey the original (tm hiu bn gc).
Bc 2: Learn new words and phrases difficult to translate:
Nhn din cc t/ nhm t kh dch nh t k thut ( technical terms), nhm t
thnh ng, vvNgy nay, nh c nhiu loi t in chuyn ngnh v mn Internet,
chng ta c th hiu c ngha ca nhng nhm t ny d dng hn. Tuy nhin,
c nhng trng hp chng ta cn phi gi in cho chuyn gia ca lnh vc
( resource person) tham kho mi bit c mt s c ng.
Bc 3: Identify sentence structures ( grammatical patterns)
Nhn din mu cu. Mc ch: tp phn tch cu thnh nhng thnh phn cu to
hiu c chnh xc ngha ca cu.
V d: Cu The second provision under which member states may restrict free
trade on environmental ground is Article 130t, which was also inserted by the
Single European Act.
C th c phn tch thnh: The second provision is Article 130t, under which
member states may restrict free trade on the environmental ground, which was also
inserted by the Single European Act.
Bc 4: Translation activities:
Dch tng cu, tng on. Yu cu: dch chnh xc v ngha, ng vn phong.
Khng phng dch. Sau bc ny, ngi c phi hiu c chnh xc ngha ca
tng cu.

Bc 5: Style:
Bin tp li cu sao cho ph hp vi li ni ca ngi Vit ( dch Anh- Vit) v
ngi Anh ( dch Vit- Anh)
V d: It is calculated that.
Khng nn dch l: N c tnh ton rng m dch l Ngi ta tnh
ton rng
Bc 6: Comments
Bnh lun bi dch: ng, sai, chnh xc, khng chnh xc, thch hp vi vn cnh,
khng thch hp vi vn cnh, vn phong thun Vit- vn phong thun Anh,vv
II. MT S NGUYN TC KHI DCH CU T TING VIT SANG
TING ANH
Khi dch cu t ting Vit sang ting Anh, sau khi chn thi thch hp ta cn
thc hin mt s bc sau y:
Bc 1: Chn mu cu c bn.
Bc 2: Chn yu t m t- t b ngha ( hay cu trc chc nng) thch hp.
Bc 3: p dng lut tng cn hay song hnh.

PHNG PHP DCH VIT - ANH C BN

THNH PHN CA MT CU

Mt cu gm c ch ng v v ng. iu ny ai cng bit. Do , mt cu ng tt

yu phi c hnh thnh t ch ng ng v v ng ng.

"Ch ng ng" l mt cm danh t c hnh thnh ng. Ni cn nh hay cn

nh kia, hay cn nh yn tnh kia, hay cn nh yn tnh kia cui ng th cng
l ni ti cn nhm thi. kia, yn tnh hay cui ng ch c nhim v b ngha
cho cn nh. Cho nn ta ni cc cm t trn u l cm danh t, v chng c chc
nng nh danh t.

Nhng cu sau sai trc ht v cm danh t lm ch ng sai:

Dog is smart.

Vegetable is better than meat.

Those book look interesting.

House over there is mine.

Many childs are playing in the yard.

A umbrella is what I need.

An university is going to be built next year.

High salary isn't the only thing that matters in a job.

Cars fast are expensive.

Those two alike girls are sisters.

A lot money was spent.

Bottles milk are lying everywhere.

(Th xem bn nhn ra c cc li sai khng.)

"V ng ng" l mt cm ng t c hnh thnh ng. Chng hn, nghe, nghe

nhc, vnghe nhc mt cch say sa l cc cm ng t, v hnh ng ct yu
trong c ba cm trn l nghe. Nhng t ng cn li ch c chc nng b ngha.

Cc cu sau sai l do cm ng t lm v ng sai:

She take her children to school every day.

We ask him do it, but he said no.

This shirt feels very softly.

This food smells badly. Don't eat it!

I'm scare of English grammar.

David looks angrily.

She looked at me angry.

He's usually stressful after work.

PHNG PHP DCH C BN

Trc ht, bn kh c th dch ng nu khng c cc kin thc c bn sau:

Ng php ca cc t loi

Cc th trong ting Anh

Th b ng
Khuyn bn nn n li nu cha nm r.

Sau khi nm r th bn lm theo cc bc sau dch mt cu t Vit sang Anh:

Bc 1: Phn tch cu cn dch.

a) tm ch ng v v ng n gin
b) xc nh th hp l (hin ti? qu kh? v.v.) v th hp l (ch ng hay b
ng?)
c) xc nh mu cu c bn s dng

Bc 2: Dch cu c ch ng v v ng n gin xc nh bc 1.

Bc 3: Dch ring l cc yu t m t (cc yu t b ngha cho t ng khc trong

cu cn dch).

Bc 4: p dng Quy tc tng cn (xem cc v d s r).

Bc 5: c i c li r sot li chnh t, li t vng, li ng php, li v

dng t, v.v. Th dch ngc t Anh sang Vit xem c ng cu cn dch khng.

(i vi nhng cu ngn gn, c th ch lm cc bc 1, 2, v 5.)

V d 1: Phong tro chng chin tranh ht nhn ang lan rng khp th gii.

Bc 1: Phn tch cu.

a) ch ng n gin: phong tro, v ng n gin: ang lan rng

b) cu cn dch c "ang" nn ta dng th hin ti tip din (hoc qu kh tip
din) v th ch ng
c) dng mu cu:

DANH T

+ NI NG T + TRNG NG

Phong tro chng chin tranh ht nhn +

ang lan rng + khp th gii.

"Trng ng" cn gi l cm trng t. Chc bn cng on c n l cm t c

chc nng nh Trng t.

Bc 2: Dch cu c ch ng v v ng n gin.
"Phong tro ang lan rng." The movement is spreading.

Bc 3: Dch cc yu t m t
"chng chin tranh ht nhn" (b ngha cho phong tro) against nuclear war
"khp th gii" (b ngha cho lan rng) throughout the world

Bc 4: p dng Quy tc tng cn, tc l t yu t m t gn t ng m n b

ngha.

V d 2: V tinh c a ln khng gian hm qua l mt v tinh kh tng.

Bc 1:
a) ch ng n gin: v tinh, v ng n gin: l mt v tinh kh tng.
b) ch "l" y c th dng th hin ti n hoc qu kh n. Dng th ch
ng.
c) dng mu cu:

DANH T

+ BE +

DANH T

V tinh c a ln khng gian hm qua + l

+ mt v tinh kh tng.

Bc 2:
"V tinh [ xc nh] l mt v tinh kh tng." The satellite is/was a weather
one.

Bc 3:
"c a ln khng gian hm qua" (b ngha cho ch ng v tinh) sent into
space yesterday

Bc 4: p dng Quy tc tng cn.

V d 3: Cc nn nhn trong v tai nn hm qua c a n bnh vin trong

tnh trng nguy kch.

Bc 1:
a) ch ng n gin: cc nn nhn, v ng n gin: c a
b) y l s vic xy ra v chm dt dng th qu kh n v dng th b
ng ("c a")
c) dng mu cu:

DANH T
TRNG NG

+ NGOI NG T +

Cc nn nhn trong v tai nn hm qua +

trong tnh trng nguy kch.

c a

n bnh vin

Bc 2:
"Cc nn nhn [ xc nh] c a." The victims were taken.

Bc 3:
"trong v tai nn hm qua" (b ngha cho cc nn nhn) in the accident
yesterday
"n bnh vin" (b ngha cho c a) to the hospital
"trong tnh trng nguy kch" (b ngha cho c a) in critical condition

Bc 4: p dng Quy tc tng cn.

V d 4: Chuyn bng cho Gomez, Figo nhy li li.

Bc 1:

a) ch ng n gin: Figo, v ng n gin: nhy li li

b) y l s vic xy ra v chm dt dng th qu kh n th ch ng
c) dng mu cu:

DANH T
(Chuyn bng cho Gomez,) Figo

+ NG T + TRNG NG
+

nhy

li li.

Bc 2:
"Figo nhy li li." Figo jumped back.

Bc 3:
"chuyn bng cho Gomez" (b ngha cho Figo) passing the ball to Gomez

Bc 4: p dng Quy tc tng cn.

V d 5: Chnh ph chp thun n xy dng mt sn bay mi.

Bc 1:
a) ch ng n gin: chnh ph, v ng n gin: chp thun n
b) c th dng th qu kh n ( ni n s kin qu kh n thun) hoc th
hin ti hon thnh ( nhn mnh kt qu v tnh nng hi ca vic chp thun
n). Dng th ch ng.
c) dng mu cu:

DANH T
Chnh ph

+ NGOI NG T +
+

chp thun

TN NG

n xy dng mt sn bay mi.

Bc 2:
"Chnh ph chp thun n." The government has approved the project.

Bc 3:
"xy dng mt sn bay mi" (b ngha cho n) to build a new airport

Bc 4: p dng Quy tc tng cn.