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Portfolio of Image Processing Work

Andrew Coatsworth
Created in the University of Washington course
"Pixels, Numbers, and Programs: Introduction to Image Processing"
(GEN ST 162A)
August-September, 2012.

The following document was created to show my work from the class
Pixels, Number, and Programs: Introduction to Image Processing taught
by Steven Tanimoto. The class gives introductions to various topics

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relating to image processing and programming. These topics include

image transformations, image illusions an introduction to the Python
language and how to create simple programs in Python. Pixels, Number,
and Programs: Introduction to Image Processing uses a computer program
called PixelMath2012. PixelMath2012 can be used to make transformations
to images or to view data about a given image in a calculator window. A
formula page can also be used to make a series of transformations to an
image. Finally, PixelMath2012 also contains a Python programming
window. The following images are organized to show the title, the
image, the artist, the effect on the image, a technical description, the
formulas used, critical comments and the source images. Various methods
of transformations are used on the following images such as combining
multiple images, distorting images, creating a stereogram and creating
regular fractal images. The methods used to create these images will be
discussed later in the portfolio.

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Title: Blinding Sun in a Deep Blue Sky

Artist: Andrew Coatsworth

Effect: Using an equation to create an image in PixelMath2012
Technical Description: The above image was created only using a formula
and a destination window. This is an example of how PixelMath2012 can be
used to create images rather than simply editing them. The following
formula was used to create the image:
if rho < 200 then rgb(255, 190, 0) else rgb(0, 0, 255*(1rho/rhomax))

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The formula was used in polar mode of PixelMath2012. It created a yellow

circle in the center of the image and a blue background that gets darker as
the polar coordinates are farther from the center.
Source Images Used: None
Artistic Description: This image creates a high level of contrast between
the blue sky and the orange sun. While it is a simple image and does not
appear to be realistic, it is interesting to view because of the contrast. The
blues in the sky getting darker strengthens the contrast. Also, the artist
has lived in the Pacific Northwest his whole life so sometimes the sun is hard
to come by.
Critical Comments: The image is very simple. It is just a circle in a square
frame. It could be made more complex by adding sunrays, clouds or if it were
to appear more three-dimensional.
Credits:
The software used was PixelMath2012 and the Calculator interface
Title: Dogs at the Beach
Artist: Andrew Coatsworth

Effect: Equation synthesis and adding an ellipsoidal frame

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Technical Description: The above image was created using two source
images. They were combined into one image using a diagonal line to divide
the two images. The pixels of each source were paced on one side of the line
based on the following formula:
if y-h/2 < 2*(x-w/2) then Source1(x - 400 ,y) else Source2(x +
300,y)
the if statement in the equation decides where the source one image is
placed and the then statement decides where the source two image is
placed. Then the ellipsoidal frame was placed around the image using the
formula:
if sqr((2*x-w)/w) + sqr((2*y-h)/h) <1 then Source1(x,y) else
rgb(0, 0, 255*(1-x/xmax))
This places changing shades of blue pixels around the image in an ellipsoidal
frame.
Source Images Used:

Source (photo taken by artist)

artist)

Source (photo taken by

Artistic Description: The final image combines two images into one in
order to create a composite photo. Then, the ellipsoidal frame focuses on the
subjects of the two images. In some areas, the division line is blurred. This
forces the viewer to concentrate on the two separate images in order to see
the line.
Critical Comments: The ellipsoidal frame does not necessarily fit with the
image. It looks like it is forced onto the image. Also, the two source images
do not flow together very smoothly.
Credits:
The two images were taken by the artist

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The images were edited in the Apple software: Aperture

The final image was created using PixelMath2012
Title: Blinded Beach

Artist: Andrew Coatsworth

Effect: Equation Synthesis
Technical Description: The above image was created using two base
images and the equation:
if y-h/2 < 2*(x-w/2) then if y-h/2 <-(x-w/2)/2 then rgb(0, 0,
255) else Source1(x,y) else if y-h/2 < -(x-w/2)/2 then
Source2(x,y)else rgb(128, 255, 0)
This equation places the pixels of the given source image on a given side of
the two lines. Also, solid colors are placed on a given side of the two lines.
This is known as the pull method. PixelMath pulls the pixels from the two
source images and places them in the destination window. PixelMath uses
the if and then statements to decide what side of the lines the given
images are placed.

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Source Images Used:

Source (photo taken by artist)

artist)

Source (photo taken by

Artistic Description: This image shows how two photos can be combined to
create something somewhat interesting even though the subjects of the
photos are not visible. This image relies on the backgrounds of each source
image. The bright colors, while not artistic, depict how the viewer attention
can be taken away from the photos in the image.
Critical Comments: The image is not very artistic because the bright colors
take away from the backgrounds of the photos.
Credits:
Both source images were taken by the artist
Both source images were edited in the Apple Software: Aperture
The final image was composed using PixelMath2012

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Title: Mystery Jumper

Artist: Andrew Coatsworth

Effect: Sinusoidal Synthesis
Technical Description: Two source images were combined to create the
final image using the formula:
if y-h/2<h*sin(x*0.5) then Source1(x,y) else Source2(x,y)
This equation uses the pull method to pull the pixels of the source images
into the destination window. The sine function alternates how the images are
placed into the destination window.

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Source Images Used:

Source image (taken by artist)

artist)

Source image (taken by

Artistic Description: The sine function allows the viewer to see two pictures
in one image. Depending on which image the viewer focuses on, that may
appear to be the only picture in the image. The viewer must fill in the areas
that are filled with the other photo. It is almost as if one photo is hidden in a
second photo. However, either image can be the hidden image.
Critical Comments: The colors of the final product suffer from having a high
frequency sine function. The two source images appear to be much darker
than they are in the final product.
Credits:
Both source images were taken by the artist
Both source images were edited in the Apple Software: Aperture
The final image was composed using PixelMath2012
Title: Im Not Sure What Im Seeing

Artist: Andrew Coatsworth

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Effect: Creating a random dot stereogram

Technical Description: To create this image, a random dot texture is
necessary. Finding a photo of something natural such as leaves can do this.
Then the following equation uses the pixels in the image to create the
random texture:
if red1(x,y) mod 2=1 then 255 else 0 and if sqr(x-w/2) + sqr (yh/2)<sqr(32) then Source1(x-10,y) else Source1(x+10,y)
The equation also takes a circle of pixels from the original image and shifts
them 10 pixels over in the destination window. This will create a pop out
effect for the viewer if they successfully view the stereogram.
Source Images Used:

Source image from:

http://images.paraorkut.com/img/pics/images/f/fall_leaves-13957.jpg
Artistic Description: The goal of the random dot stereogram is to have the
texture and the circle pop out at the viewer. The images themselves are not
artistic. However, this type of image is very popular, yet difficult to view
Critical Comments: The artist is not yet able to view stereograms.
Therefor, the artist is not sure if the stereogram can be successfully viewed.
Credits:

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Source image used from:

http://images.paraorkut.com/img/pics/images/f/fall_leaves-13957.jpg
The software used to create the stereogram was: PixelMath2012
Title: Tile Dog

Artist: Andrew Coatsworth

Effect: Single tile image photomosaic
Technical Description: This method of creating an image takes a photo and
makes it the tile image by shrinking it and then using that image to create a
subject image. The tile image basically becomes the pixels that create the
final image. This image was created using the formula:
S1(x/w2, y/h2)*(S2(x mod w2, y mod h2)-32)/96
Source1 is the subject image and Source2 is the shrunken tile image. This
formula lines up the tile image to create a final image.

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Source Images Used:

Subject image (taken by artist)

Tile image (taken by artist)

Artistic Description: The image is interesting because an image acts as a

pixel to create a subject image. It is amazing that an image can be formed
and viewed this way. While it is not the case in this image, it is possible to
have both the tile and subject images visible in the photomosaic. This makes
it more difficult to view the subject image, however.
Critical Comments: The final image does not have the best color. It
appears to be a little dull.
Credits:
Both images were taken by the artist
The software used to create the photo mosaic was PixelMath2012
Title: Thats Really Square

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Artist: Andrew Coatsworth

Effect: Regular Fractal
Technical Description: To create this image, it is necessary to begin with a
source image of a square. Then the following formula is used to create new
images of copies of the squares:
S1(x*2 mod w1, y*2 mod h1)
This formula makes copies of the squares, resizes them and lines them up in
the image. This process is repeated a number of times to create seven new
images of the squares. Then, the squares are superimposed on each other to
create the final image using the formula:
(S1(x,y)+S2(x,y))-256
Finally, to fix the colors of the squares so they dont become too dark, the
following formula is used:
(S1(x,y)+S2(x,y))/
Source Images Used:

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Artistic Description: The squares become a repeating pattern that is very

interesting to look at. This is remarkable because the source image is simply
a square. The photo has artistic value because of the viewer can see the
individual levels of the squares within the whole picture. This creates an
illusion like effect.
Critical Comments: The image would be improved by the use of color. The
black and white is somewhat boring.
Credits:
The software used to create the photo mosaic was PixelMath2012
Title: Strange Clouds

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Artist: Andrew Coatsworth

Effect: Semi-regular fractal
Technical Description: The original texture in this image was created the
way as the random dot stereogram. However, the following formula was
used to turn the random dot image into a semi-regular fractal:
255*(red(x,y)mod 2)
Next, the images are combined a number of times to make the texture using
the following formula:
S1(x/2, y/2)
Finally, the RGB values of the pixels were averaged and they exceeded a
given value, they were turned blue and if they were below that value they
were turned white.
Source Images Used:

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Artistic Description: The idea behind the image was to make natural
looking clouds out of a random dot stereogram using Perlin noise. While this
did not happen, the image is still interesting because of the textures. The
image is also interesting because the textures are random. That is how it is
similar to real clouds. Also, the colors of the clouds contrast nicely with the
blue sky.
Critical Comments: The goal of creating this image was to create a natural
texture. However, this texture appears to be very artificial. Also, the sky in
this image is only one shade of blue and it should be a lighter blue.
Credits:
Source image used from:
http://images.paraorkut.com/img/pics/images/f/fall_leaves-13957.jpg
The software used to create the semiregular fractal was: PixelMath2012

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