Professional Documents
Culture Documents
APPLIED TACTIC!
J A PA N E S E A R M Y
TRANSLATION
OF
JAPANESE MANUAL
REVISED 1938
WAR DEPARTMENT
WASHINGTON, D.C.
OCTOBER, 1943 3
24-39603ABC
APPLIED- TACTICS
Distribution includes:
HQ, CPA
GHT, PT7PA
HQ, IFAFIfPA
JICA, New Delhi
HQ, CBI New Delhi (through JICA)
GHH, CEAC (through JICA)
GHO, India (through JICA)
HO, CBI Chungking
War Office, London
NDHO, Ottawa
ONI
No. of Copies
6
6
6
6
6
6
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Paragraphs
Chapter I. COMPOSITION AND EXAMPLES OF
<
1
Section I. Composition
I I . Examples
2-7
Chapter I I . EXAMPLES OF PUNS
Section I . Plan for a Division Route March8
I I . Division Plan of Attack-
9
I I I . Division Plan of Attack (with
Battle Map)
10
IV. Division Plan for Defense. -
11
V. Division Plan for River Crossing
12
VI. Cavalry Brigade Reconnaissance
Plan
,-
13
VII. Plan for Employment of Division
14
Artillery
VIII. Plan for Employment of Artillery
Fire*
r>-- 15
DC. Plan for Employment of Fire by a
Units of an Army
17
XI. Plan of Employment of Air Groups
18
Chapter III. EXAMPLES OF VARIOUS ORDERS
-r
19
Section I, General~.II. Reconnaissance-
20 - 25
III. March and Security
,
26-32
IV. Meeting Engagements^-r-v
33 - 44
V. Attack of an Organized Position- 45 - 55
VI. Defense of a Position
^ 56 - 62
VII, Pursuit
63 - 70
VIII. Withdrawal
71 - 72
IX. Billeting and Security
-r 73 - 79
X. Transportation
- 80 - 83
XI. Routine Orders84- - 85
Chapter IV. FIELD SERVICE
.
86 - 93
Section I. Marches
II. Computations Pertaining to
Messengers
<94 - 96
III. Framing and Issuing O r d e r s 97 - 98
IV. Bivouacs
99
V. Means of Communication~- 100 - 101
VI. Supply
- 102 - 127
Chapter V. FIRING
Section I. Infantry
- 128 - 132
II. Artillery
133 - 157
Chapter VI. AIRCRAFT, GAS, TANKS, SEARCHLIGHTS
Section I. Aircraft
158 - 166
II. Gas
<-
167
III. T a n k s
168 - 170
IV. Searchlights
171
II
Page
2
10
11
14
17
19
23
28
29
30
34
35
36
36
44
55
65
64
100
106
109
119
125
127
136
139
141
142
144
170
176
197
203
204
207
Paragraphs Page
PHENOMENA.
Chapter K . LABOR
Construction!
IV. Materials for Field
Fortifications
MILITARY SYMBOLS
Military Maps
III. Landscape Sketches
IV. Military Symbols
<
V, Miscellaneous
III
172
173
174.
175 - 180
208
208
209
21Q
181 - 186
224
187 - 189
190 ~ 193
232
234
194- - 197
238
198
199 - 200
259
270
201
275
202
218
221
226
217
220
225
228
276
281
288
309
ILLUSTRATIONS
Page
FIGURE I.
II.
III,
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII,
IX.
X,
XIv
XII-XIII*
Iron Stove's
-152
Construction of Cookstove^.-*,.156
,-..--.-,
*.--*--l6l
Mess Kitsr
162
*
282
Brigade
Vicinity of Shiratori-murar-t.-<
286
IV
S C A L E
/ 1;:
So c
R.F,
- 1 : 10,000
A V V //
ZJ
ItiiintiiiiHiiiinl
R.F.
1 : 25,000
lltililil!!] 1
R.F.
1 : 50,000
"t 1
R,F.
lo t
i
= 1 : 100,000
r f 5'
-+
R.F.
1 .: S00,000
iTTTTtTTTTt
R.F.
- 1 : 500,000
APPLIED TACTICS
JAPANESE ARMY" ;
CHAPTER 1
COMPOSITION AND EXAMPLES OF'ESTIMATES A1TD. DECISIONS
1
.' '
Paragraphs
SECTION I .
COMPOSITION -
.- 1
II.
EXAMPLES ^ - - ^ . - r - r - r
2-7
SECTION I
COMPOSITION
the objective
of tho decision or requirement, it is perti
nent to annex a summary liko the following: "The division with
are made in the light of the mission, the enemy situation, the
lon&thy
matjrial, divide.the paragraph. For this purpose the
made to include all matters which can bo drawn on the map. Mat
ters which cannot be shown on the map should be explained in
SECTION II
EXAMPLES
AS OF 1430.
A,
B.
while the enemy main strength to- our front will reorganize
the left .oolumn can secure the rear of the division against
will enable the pursuit force to hold the en6my while the
which is on its front and thus protect the flanks and rear
of tho division,
3. The 2nd Infantry will move rapidly toward Doi under the
3.
A.
- 3
also b6ause "of" the fact that the left flank of the main
4.
A,
B, Reason:
the unit equipped with cannon which is, moving in the vici
nity of XX is the point of the advance guard of the main
definitely known that the main enemy force has crossed the
main hostile forco is, the enemy, after having first made
" drive the *riain hostile, force into the swampy area west of
to carry this out' and thus aid the execution of our, main
XX Hill sector and drive the main hostile force into the
western sector,
C, Possib1e;'Lines of Action:
2. The advance guard of' the left column will attack the
division commander,
follows:
2nd Infantry
,, .XX, in vieinity of XX
7. ' The Cavalry will shift towards XX and envelop the ene
my left flank,
. ;
- at XX.
5,
7, Written Decision,
A,
tomorrow morn.ing, tho 3rd, and movo toward the line con
necting Kawayoke, Midaregawa-mura, and Michiman with the ob
ject of attacking tho enomy in the Yamagata area.
- 5
Area.
Requirement8j
Ko"bara from the Yoshitomi area in such a way to cut off the
Note:
TERRAIN
FIGURE I
Scale
3/4
1/2
Statute Miles
Kunaigatake
Fig. 1
Drawn in Cartographic Section. Dissemination Unit M. I. S.
4
FIGURE I I
TERRAIN
ESTIMATE FOR
DEFENSE
Scale
Statute Miles
Fig. 2 Sketch Showing Terrain Estimate for Defense of the Yamada Area by the 1st Division.
Requirement: The division will occupy the position's indicated on the sketch. After neutralizing
the hostile offensive fire power, it will shift to the offensive from its left wing area in such a
way as to envelop the enemy right wing.
semination Unit M. I. S.
B.
Reasofei
.
.
1, The Gnemy, having occupied the area in. the vicinity of
Yamagata, is awaiting the arrival, of reserves and will pro
bably launch an attack.' The. ma in enemy position is not
clear, but, judging by the relation between tho enemy .streng
th and the terrain of the Yamagata area as well as the sec
tors occupied by both main forces, i t is likely to be in
the aroa south of Tendo and north of Yamagata, while a
strong element will probably occupy the Tendo area,
2, In view of i t s mission, the division must quickly crush
the enemy in the Yamagata area before he can be reinforced.
Therefore, taking into accouiit the condition of its elements
and the distance to i t s objective, the division nust leave
the billeting area early tomorrow morning,
3, Since the enemy situation is not yet clear, i t is best
for the division, in order to facilitate subsequent opera
tions, to take as i t s immediate objective a line connecting
Kawayoke, Midaragawa-mura, and Michiman, There are three
.roads which can be used for this operation: the Kawashima
Nagatoro-Hanyu-Narifu road, the Koshu Highway, and the
Tateoka-Higashine-Harazaki road. In tho event of combat i t
would be advantageous to secure a foothold on the h i l l to
-the, .east. Therefore, a strong force must be moved on the
last named road; the main strength, of tho division, to keep
its, movement unhampered, must move on the Koshu Highway,
which is a good road5 and a small, element must move along
.the f i r s t named road to protect our right : 'flank,
C,
Linos^of Actionj_
.
1, The attached a i r unit .will use the advance airfield at
Obanazawa from early tomorrow morning. The main force will
reconnoiter the enemy, position- in the area northeast of
. Yamagata* .'An element will reconnoiter the hostile rear
.echelon and maintain liaison between columns. Tivo planes
will be assigned to cooperate with the a r t i l l e r y after 0600,
2, The advance guard of the division (1st Cavalry Squadron
less four squads of the 2nd Troopj 1st Battalion, 4th In
fantry) will maintain i t s present position and cover the
movement of the division.. Its main force will reconnoiter
the enemy condition in the area northeast of Yamagata and
the terrain, especially that of Kuratsukawa, Sugawa, and
Shirakawat. An element will reconnoiter the hostile rear
echelon.
3, The right column (1st Battalion, 2nd Infantry; one
cavalry .squadj 1st Batter;/, 1st Mountain Artillery; one
platoon of 2nd iitagineor Company) will leavs the south end of
Kawashima at 0330 and move on the Ka?rashima-Nagatoro-HanyuNarifu road towards Kawayojce.
- 8
towards Michiman,
Highway,
- 9
8.
1st Column
1st Echelon
Major General X, Comdr. X
1st Inf. Brlgdess 2nd Infl
1 p i . Car. (less 1 squad)
1st Bn. 1st t. A.
2nd Bng. Co.
1/3 Med. Seteh.
X Supply element (s)
W i l l
2nd Column
3rd Column
Uth Column
2nd Ichelon
Colonel XX Inf., Coadr.
DIT. Hdqra.
2nd Inf.
Conn. Unit
Car. Begt. field Tr.
X Supply element (s)
BOUTS
Col. XX,Trans.,XX,CoBdr.
Transport (less Med
Detch.)
April 1st
Point of Departuri
Tine of Departure
Long resting plac<
Billeting Area
Length of March
0530
South of Suklzava
0730
Horth of Aoyagl
Vicinity of eastern
extremity of east Kofu
6J Bl (15.9 mile.)
S Rl (19.5 Biles)
8 Rl (19.5 Biles)
April 2nd
Point of Departure
Time of Departure
Long resting place
Billeting Area
Length of March
0630
South of Hakano
Vicinity of southern
extremity of Shiro
0730
Horth of Koshlzawa
8} Bl (20.7 Biles)
7 Rl (17.1 B i l e s )
Between Ooalya A
Kltnynma
9i Bl (23.L Biles)
Between Ootenba A
Subashlrl
Si Bl (20.7 alles)
April 3rd
Departure
" : Arrival
0530
1700
South of Ogoehl
!l
Billeting Area
Length of March
8 Rl (18.5 Biles)
B.,ir.
***"
Cavalryi
Vicinity of southern
extremity of Shiro
Point of Departure
O63O
Horth of Hilshihara
8 Ri (19.5 ailes)
9 Bl (22 Biles)
2nd
Between Eaiiizawa A
Susuklhara
7 Rl (17.1 Biles)
Between Ipponmatsu A
Buaattu
10 Rl (26.U Biles)
March so as to pass
lad of column will couplets passing through Iv&- through Tujlgawa after
buchi before 1200. April Jrt 1200 on April 3rd. HowHowever after 1000 hare the ever have the Prorlsloi
- 10
CUAPTER
"EXAMPLES OF PIANS
Paragraphs
I. Plan for a Division Route March! *II. Division Plan of Attack --*
Battle Map)
-~
----.
-, 10
.*
14
Artillery
VIII, Plan for Employment of Artillery Fire
15
of an Army.-'--
17
SECTION
SECTION I
Plan for the 1st Division Route March (see Chart, p . 10)
SECTION I I
9,
A,
Decisions
At daybreak tomorrow, ^]date)_^ f the di
vision will launch an attack against the hostile main
3, Instructions;
the front
- 11
Air Unit
1st. Squadron
Right' VJ ing
1 squad of Cavalry
1 platoon of Engineers
Left Wing
'
2 squads of Cavalry
2 platoons of Engineers
Cavalry
Artillery
Commander: Colonel XX
1st'Balloon Company
Engineers,.
. .
Antiaircraft
.
.-.
Reserves'
2nd Infantry
the artillery.
< 1 2
in XX area.
X battery(ics) of 15 cm howitzers
X battalion(s) of 15 cm howitzers
13
"~^ateV"
""Thereafter it will move to the vicinity
4, Administrative Mattars,
Medical: .
dawn.
pj_
tomorrow, _Xi^a^v3J
^ ^Q following places:
SECTION III
Battle Map)
indigo jink on the right of the battle map shown in Fig. 3)..
A,
will approach the endmy and deploy along the crest line
- 14
FIGURE IE
PLAN OF ATTACK OF
Scale
Statute Miles
To Yamagata^
ALL I-KUNI
FRONT LIN
E UNITS
LINt
UNIlb
WILL CROSS THIS LINE OF |
DEPARTURE AT 2400 AUG 10.
KatayaikA RESERVES/
1ST INF (
1 SQD CAV
Tanukimor
To Mlyauch
/
THE RIGHT FLANK DETACHMENT
WILL ATTACK THE ENEMY IN
THE KODAKI HIGHWAY AREA.
ADVANCE TO THE SECTOR WEST
OF UENOYAMA AND HARASS
THE REAR OF THE ENEMY MAIN
FORCE.
To Akayu
To Kanayama
"waa
B#
- 16
11,
A.
B.
Instruct ions;
position,
by the XX detachment*
C.
(Emitted horej"
D.
- 17
E.
supporb it. And when tho front lino units carry out a
their success,
2. Counter Offensive.
the units in the loft soctor will bocomo the left wing.
wing, and both wings will hold the strong points on the
F.
G.
(omitted).
- 18
1. Essentials
2. Disposition of troops and...
distribution.of materials
3. Amount of labor roquirod
4. " Method^ of- work and order
of procedure
5. Mi seelIane ou s
H. Supplying -of Ammunition;
)
)
(details omitted)
(omitted)
SECTION V
12.
A.
from the Kyobo area to harass the hostile flanks while the
the Iokaido Railway line, and the main body from Yasaku
resorvos.
B,
Ins truetions:
1. The division will move into the zones of action desig
nated in ths now disposition of troop.s on the night of tho
3rd and prjpo.ro for rivor crossing. All units will do thoir
utmost to guard tho socrjcy of thoir activities from on Grayland and air roconnaissanco. Preparation for rivor cros
sing will bo completed boforo 2300 of tho 4th.
2. A lc-rgo dotachmont of tho dismounted troops will oxo
cuto tho i n i t i a l crossing by boat and thon construct a
bridge in tho Shikino aroa. Tho simultaneous crossings
will comimneo at midnight. Tho Cavalry, howovjr, will start
crossing tho rivor at an- opportune timo on tho night of tho
4th. Thj tin;> to begin tho bridgo construction will , bo
tentatively sot c.t Q200.
3. Aft.r tho simultaneous crossings have "boon initiated,
tho Artillery will, at opportune times, support tho river
crossing and tha' o'oeratTons that follow.
C. Troops:
Air Squadron';
Companies)
Right Win&;
"
1st Company)
22 local boats
ond of"Anjo.
- 20
Artillery^
- 21
Division
^ q _ _ ^
Pukuoka
2,
- 22
on- the 4th at 2200. The unit will advance to the right
Wing.
E,
Supply:
F.
Note: Relief of the front line units in the new combat zone
at approximately midnight.
SECTION VI
13,
A,
2.
23
B.
Reason*
that area,
destroyed.
- 24
E#
Communicat i on s s
1. Yfith Matsuda Soryoas tho center, a telephone line-
also be 'used.
used.
HPPi
- 25
C.
Disposition
Organization
1 Company
( l officer
1 radio
Telephone
5 bicycle
(less 2 platoons)
patrol added)
equipment
messengers
Patrol of Officer B
1 Company (1 officer
patrol added)
1 machine gun platoon
1 radio
Telephone equipment
6 bicycle messengers
______________________
Parent Unit
Time of
departure
CO
Mission
13th
14th
March 1 at 1400
March 1 at 1500
To reconnoiter enemy
situation in the d i
rection of Mito on
the Rikuzen beach
highway from the
western sector of
Tokyo.
To reconnoiter the
enemy situation in
the direction of
Utsunomiya from the
area irest of the
line mentioned on
the left; roughly
from the Toba High
way area by way "of
the At suki-Fuchu
Omiya-Kuribashi road.
Remarks:
Cavalry
Cavalry
March 1 at 1400
To reconnoiter in the
direction of Ufcsuno
miya from the Hachi
o j i -0 gimach i ya-Yukid a
Kanbayasni-Sano road
area.
Employment of aircraft on the 3rd, Hiile primarily dependent upon the situation, must include
D.
Date
CO
-a
Billeting
Plan of Advance.
Area
Remarks
Troops
March
Yoda
Hatogaya
2nd Ren p a r t y
Atsugi
Qmiya
Message Center
Southern edge
of Haragi
Main body of
brigade
Present area
Fuchu
Field Train
and transport
Present area
Field trainFuchu
Transport-
Sekido
Supporti ng
Infantry Bn.
Rcraarks:
Present area
March 2
Fuchinobe
1. Movement after Iviarch 3 will depend on the s i t u a t i o n . 2. The message center fri.ll be composed
of a commander, a fraction of the communications d e t a i l including 2 heliograph sots, one platoon
of cavalry, 2 motorcycles with sidee-irs attached, and 6 bicycles.
SECTION VII
14.
Troops
Main Mission
Zone of Action
(prepared fires)
Occupation
of
Position
Position
Freparat Ion
of
Preparation
of
data
Reconnaissance
and
Observat ion
Execution
of
Preparat ions
during
the
various
phases
of infantry attack
XX Heavy Field A r t i l l e r y
ommander
ield Artillery . .
Mountain Artillery . .
Heavy Field Artillery
Commander
Field Artillery . .
Mountain Artillery . .
Heavy Field Artillery
Commander
Field Artillery . . .
Heavy Field Artillery . . .
1. In the preparation of fire for effect, fire for adjustment aimed at direct targets and
bracketing fire will be used Jointly. Generally, one battery of each battalion will carry out
fire for adjustment and a l l necessary inspection fire for the battalion.
groups will use their own zones of action; (b) The Heavy Field Artillery will execute fire for
adjustment, first against the enemy artillery, and then against XX and XX Hills. Tine and place
will be determined by consultation with the left and right artillery groups.
1. Generally, ground reconnaissance and observation will be carried out according to the
2ND Phasi
1. To directly support the
(From the
right wing.
Infantry ad- 2. To stop the enemy counvance in
terattack from XX area
attack until
the assault)
Through
1st
Phase
(units
of
fire)
Based on the plan for survey operations prescribed in a separate regulation, the groups
will carry out their preparatory survey in such a v:ay as to t i e it in with the general
army survey. The various surveys will be completed by sunset of the 3rd, and a l l calcu
lations and preparations by dawn of the 4th.
Ammunit ion
Fire
Artillery
(Artillery
Brig)
155 Hotfitzer
molition of obstacles at XX
artillery.
i t s gains
Artillery
Mountain
Artillery
155
Howitzer
Artillery Battalions.
Artillery
155 Howitzer
2nd
Phase
3rd
Phase
By dawn, concentrate as much ammunition as possible in the vicinity of the positions.
Communicat i on
Remarks:
(Omitted)
1. Two planes, or as the occasion demands one plane, will cooperate with the Heavy Field Artillery
during the attack.
2. Generally, the demolition of obstacles i s carried to Its fullest extent.
-28"
2,
b. Antiaircraft Artillery,
The combat zone of the
left Regiment.
Regiment.
fire.
Preparatory Fire
2,
combat gone.
destruction of obstacles:
- 29
4. Destruction of obstacles:
(separate).
obstacles.
'
SECTION IX...
, .
-. .
*
(See. chart, pp. 31-33)
- 30
.Phase
Preparation of Fir
__
,->
"A.
it
Order '
Fire
Mission
Type of
shell and
fuze
Number of
rounds
Duration of
fire
40 minutes
Observation
Liaison with
infantry
Remarks
16.
.(cont ! d)
barrage
.
.
Relative to
and b
r\\
w\*
yy
t i i
Demolition of
wire entanglement j
Neutralization
200
it ill
5L
HE shell with
instantane ous
fuze
HS shell with
instantaneous fuze
HE shell with
instantaneous fuze
battery
50 minutes
2 minutes
Ground
and 3 rd ba-'c t ?. ri ; s
1
G-round
w i l l W V J forward behind
oaircjr of r i ^ h t Battalion
1. 50 rounds for
each gun
2. 50 a d d i t i o n a l
rounds f o r oo.ch
gun
Z, Apr;rox. width of
br^p.ch i s 10
motors
If n Dc 3s s i t y a r i s J G
d'.'.rin^ tb.3 i n i t i a l
i;hc.s-3 of t.h'3 a t t a c k
Top-sat t'.iis f i r o .
,.
16.
(ccnt'd)
S'topoin.'c t h e Countsrattack
*0 ill)
06)
wN^^f'c
Depth of zone
150'motors
>"{
3. 2,
Annihilation
Stopping t h e ccunt9rattack
. (DartreQ or axt ant of
neutralization)
Tim3 chra-onsl
4 minutes (repeat if
Ground
G-rcund
SECTION X
PIAN FOR EMPLOYMENT OF 'THE AIR UNITS OF AN ARMY
17.
Decision:
will one after anothsr change the main point .of action to
B Instructions:
2istribution. of foreGs
15^1117
2.
dat 2.) .
a# Thj main olomonts ^vill continue th3 attack on tho
onomy a i r f i o l d , and decisions' on such matters as t a r g e t s
and time of attack w i l l bo dotormin^d by tho s i t u a t i o n ,
b JCL Squadron of TJi Group, in addition to continuing
th.3 missions of tho previous day, w i l l cooporat3 with tho
1st Cavalry Brigad'j,
3.
(dato)_.
a# Xh-3 "distribution w i l l bo dotorrainod by tho s i t u a t i o n .
b. XX advc.noo a i r f i j l d vrill bi usod.
F.
Coraaunications^
G#
Supply;
(omitted)
(omitted)
SECTION XI
- 3
CHAPTER 3
SECTION
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX,
X.
XI.
Paragraph
General
.
-..- ___ 19
Reconnaissance
-=_...,
._= -._-- 20 - 25
Meeting Engagements
r
- 33 - 44
Attack of a Position
45 - 55
Defense of a Position
56 - 62
Pursuit
~
63 - 70
Withdrawal
71 - 72
Transportation
-
8.0 - 83
SECTION I
GENERAL
the orders and the summary of the items have been made merely as
only when they are adapted to the situation of the moment and to
when giving orders the above elements must be taken into considera
tion, (Ordinarily in the study of tactics the receiver's mental
SECTION II
RECONNAISSANCE
20.
AT XX
11 March, 19 , 1700
cavalry had passed XX about noon today. At the samo tine the
- 36
heading westward.
designated the 1st Scouting pcrty and will depart at 0300 from
Road.
Scouting party and will depart from the billeting area at 0300,
boundary is as follows!
XAXAXA .
XXXX-XX.
indicated separately:
9 men will scout the enemy situation from t'he area of the XX
14 men will scout the enemy situation JBram the. area of the
- 37
19 men will scout the enemy situation from the area of the
h. The 5th Cavalry (less 3rd and 4th troops) will form
the advance guard and will deparb at 0500 from the XX road
marching on XX.
XX via the X-X-X road and join the main force of the brigade.
the road at 0500 in the following order with the head of the
Brigade Headquarters
Signal Section.
Brigade Commander
Units.
- 38
has landed in 'bwo areas will,-with ons division, protect our ri?ht
flank against the enemy and with its main fores ^ill talcs the of
fensive against the hostile main strength. Should both our troo-os
and the enemy troops advance, a meeting engagedant between tha main
22.
AT XX
1 September, 19 _ , 1900
a. Ensmy situation^
- 39
Major General X X
Distribution;
23.
AT XX AIRDROME
1 September, 19 , 0830
Tomorrow, the 2nd, this Air Unit will reconnoiter the enemy
areas.
f,
Colonel X X
D i s t r ibu t i on_:
are issued.
- 40
unit s
Time of
Departure
Ko. of
"Planes.
liission
Plans of
action
lnt Squadron
1st Group (attached t o 2nd
Division)
0600
To recbnnoiter enery
situation in the
Div.'s front.
omitted
2nd Squadron
1st Group
(attached to
. )
0600
Same as above
(omitted)
0600
Same as
(omitted)
tached'- to 1st
Div.)
7t!i Air
c
.rua f lron'
.:..cayy
Of
December
(heavy)
.3
3rd Air"
G-roup
05.00
Omitted
-41
1. To bombard eneny
aLrdrpLie at 7.7. & XX
2. To. reconnoitei? the
situation of hostile
rear echelon' on X (omitted)
road.
3. To reconnoiter
enemy situation in
v i c i n i t y of xil.
To bombard hostile
ground, units in
area bounded by
ICX, XX, XX, and XX
Omitt ed
omi t t ed)
omitted)
24.
Group Order..
XX AIRDROME
1 Soptombor, 1 9 _ , 2130
a. Situations of the enemy, friendly forces, and the
Army Air Unit (omitted),
b. The main strength of the- 3rd Group w i l l cooperate
with the 2nd Group in the attack on the enemy a i r f i e l d at
dawn tomorrow in the d i s t r i c t oast of XX in order t o destroy
his planes while one part of the group impede the enemy ad
vance in the direction of XX area.
c. The 1st and 3rd Groups w i l l attack the enemy airdrome
located on tho eastern side of ^ XX according to the attached
plans.
d. The main strength of t h e 2nd Squadron w i l l bo ready
for f l i g h t at any time after 0600 tomorrow, tho 2nd, to
obstruct the enemy advance in tho direction of XX area.
Fifty kilogram bombs (non-delay fuse) w i l l be u t i l i z e d .
e. I w i l l take off aboard the commander's piano 3rd
Squadron,
Colonel XX
Commanding 3rd Air Group
Distribution: After issuing verbal orders d i s t r i b u t e printed formsNote:
25,
, 2130
The main force of t h e 3rd Bomber Group Trill attack the enemy airdrome at dawn tomorrow, Sept. 2nd, under the
orotection of the 2nd Fighter
Unit
__
Target
Location of target
1st Souadron
Strength
Kinds of bombs &
fuzes
Time of departure
Time _of bombing^
Full strength
Flight
and
i
Formation
Route
and
Altitude
2nd Sauadron
Enemy airdrome - easir _of_XX_
{omitted)
Destruction of hostile a i r c r a f t s
Full Strength
fuze)
0500
0500
0545
] 1." Follov: approx. 500 meters in "rear of 3rd T 1. Fly at an a l t i t u d e of 900 to 1000 mesquadron maintaining an a l t i t u d e bctrecn^OO | t e r s on the XX-XX-XX-XX route,
and 800 meters.
j 2. Passing above XX at 0530, fly in
2. After passing XX at 0530, fly p a r a l l e l
| formation directly to airdrome east
t o the base squadron (3rd squadron) i; in
j of XX via XX.
formation, & follow coast l i n e direct to XX.;3. Movement a f t e r execution of bombing i s
3. After bombing objective, turn l e f t to
'same as that of the 1st squadron.
(omitted)
1. Join "the 2nd Fighter Group at 0500 above XX. Thereafter maintain contact" with both
fighter and bomber groups and proceed to enemy airdrome east of XX.
Coorjeration
2. The 2nd Fighter Group v/ill generally be bctroen t h e 1st and 3rd Squadrons at an
with
a l t i t u d e of 1200 meters.
Fighter
3. The 2nd Fighter Group and t h e 3rd Bomber Group
return on the same rout
Group
Comrnun i c at i o n et c.
(omitted)
Methods of bombing
d.
Colonel XX
Commanding 2nd Air Group
D.istribution: After verbal orders are issued printed forms
w i l l be distributed.
Kotos Operation Plan of the 2nd Fighter Group (see chart, p. 45.)
SECTION
III
26,
b
etc.)
scoutjd, places and their important points,, and tho time and
column
(main .force), (include information, same as
protection, e t c )
- 44
(time and
Plan:'
Unit
T]le 2nd
Strength
Coopera
tion with
Bomber
|Group
t
!
12
u
a
d
r
o
n
i Group
Cmdr
P
1
a
n
e
s
IT
Destruc
tion .
of
|
i
j
en emy
12
P
1
a
n
e
s
air
craft
"T
T'
FT
At 0510,
the
planes
will
take off
succes-.
sively. in
the f o l
lowing
order: .
Gp Comdr
1st So
2nd So
Ii
0
m
i
t
t
e
d
l.From
XX, 1st
sq will
be base
sq,&2nd
sq will
take i t s :
position At 0530
600
follow 3rd
met ers
Bomber Gp
above
leaving
base sq. XX, & pro
ceed t o
2. In
enemy a i r combat
drome east
.2nd sq
of XX at
will,"
altitude
cooper of 1400
ate t o
meters
facili midway
tate
between
move1st 8c 2nd
ment s
bomber
of 1st
sqs.
T
3v0n re
turn
flight,
maintain
same
liaisonJ
L
- 45
march, etc.)
messages, etc,
27.
AX XX
1 (month) 1 9 _ , 2400
strength
approximately equal to one of our'divisions.
as follows:
- 46
XX - May 3rd
XX - May 4th
used,
Army Headquarters,
Division Commander
Distribution^ of orders:
Cavalry Unit
Wj.roloss Platoon
) Advance Guard
Division Headquarters
2nd Infantry
4th Infantry-
- 47
STJPPIS'iErTTARY CHART
May 2nd - 3 r d
Eclie I o n s
Second
Div Ho
- 1st Bn, 3rd Inf
Div Com Unit 1st F A (less
Radio Plat
1st Bn)
2nd Kobile
1/3 Regtl
AA 1st Div Aram Train
2nd- Inf
1st Engr 3n
( l e s s 1st
Co)
Composition
Route
Third
2nd Inf Brig Transport,
(les= 1st Bn, (less l.Isd
3rd Inf and
Dct)
2nd Bn, 4th
Inf^-lst Bn,
Hv F A, 1/3
Regtl Amm I
Train;
i
Mod Dot( loss'
1/3)
!
XX Highway
Point of
Departure
Time of
Departure
South end of
TJ,
0600
0600
Rocting
Point
Billeting
Area
uorth of
XX village
Between XX &
:_X villages
Between X
X villages
Vicinity o
1\A town
North end
of XX
I-io r t h end
of XX
South
end of XX
0700
0630
Betneon X & South of "'
X villages XX village
South of
Bet r;c en XX
village & XXJX village
tov/n
Distance
i 9 Hi(2? mi)
Point of
Departure
LI
Tine of
j Departure
Resting
Point
Billeting
Area
Distance
10 Ri(25mi; 11 Ri(27mi
(omitted )
omitted)
(omittod)
(omitted)
omit tod]
(omitted)
(omitt od)
(omitted)
(omitted)
(omitted)
(emitted)
South
of XX
Vicinity of XX
v
(omitt3d)
omitted!
(omitt od^
(omitted)
(emitted)
Remarks:
1. One platoon v;ill be attached t o each echelon t o handle
rations. Each platoon v;ill replenish i t s supply of rations from
toiu field train on the r.ight of Lay 2nd, ?.nd trill remain in the
billeting area u n t i l the jchclo:-: moves out. Thereafter, i t will
come under the coumand of the Battalion Transport Commandor.
2*- The mov^ient of the 4th i,ill be decided according to the
situation.
3. The billeting aroa for Division Headquarters on the night
of the 2nd will bo "R" village.
- 48
Loft
J p ^
Medical Unit
is omitted.)
AT XX
. .t
18 September, 19 , 2000
The boundary line with the 3rd Division will be the lino con
necting X, X, X and X, (Aroas on the line will be the res
ponsibility of this Division).
and our Air Unit, will be/ the line connecting X, X, and X,
- 49
the eastern edge of X .at' 0600 and advance toward the X Rivor
assembling as follows:
g. The
will advance
.is essential
Guard of the
XX hour.
..--.
- 50
to XX, The remaining units will "be held at the "billeting area
in readiness.
Major General XX
Division Commander
Distribution;
arrival.
. .-..
./.
the enemy.
(Refer to Chapter._(4) Section (ll) Field Service Regulations).
30,
AT XX
18 September, 19
DIVISION FLIGHT ORDERy. W 2 *.
2000
morning, the 19th. The main force will first of all recon
noiter the probable route of the enemy advance: XX highway
- 51
Unit
No.
Total
Army Headquarters
4
20
Division Headquarters
Unit
No.
18
Other Units
1st Cavalry
Staff Section
10
1st F. A.
Adj. Section
r-i
Intend. Section
1st Engineer Bn
Baggage Master
Comm, Unit
Intend. Dept.
Medical Unit
Medical Dept.
Transport Unit
Vet, Section
Air Squadron
22
Infantry Brigades
1st Brigade
11
2nd Brigade
11
Note:
Total
Div. Total
60
Grand Total
64
1.
- 52
boundary between the Army Air Unit and the 1st Division Air
Until 0700
North edge of X
0700 - 0800
South edge of Y
0800 - 0900
South edge of Z
Lieutenant General XX
Division Commander
Pi s t r ibut i on t
31,
Guard.
d.
- 53
32.
AT XX
1 May, 19 , 2100
advance towards the X/L line for the purpose of attacking the
1st Infantry (less the 1st and 2nd- Battalions, and (J)
1st Field Artill>ry on the road, with the head of the column
at the XX village,
- 54
Major General XX
Commanding
outguard.
SECTION IV
MEETING ENGAGEMITS
55
should bo sent.
CROSSROAD AT XX
along the XX-XX and YY-YY roads, and at 0730 heads of both
3, The Advance Guard with its main strength will occupy tho
vicinity of XX and the line along its western hills, and with
0900.
Lieutenant General XX
Commanding
Distributions
AT XX
10 October, 19 , 0800
- 56
Div. Hdqrs.
. )^
4th Infantry
)
1st Bn - 1st F.A. )
2nd Infantry
lied. Unit (less l/3)
)
J
)
)'"'
Lieutenant General XX
Division Commander
p i s t ribut i on s
Verbal ord3rs w i l l be given t o a l l unit commanders or t o
messengers previously summoned.
36, An Example of a Division Order Issued .to- tlae Field Train and
Transport Troops Prior t o Deployment of the Division (Single Column),.
:
P a r t i c i p a t i n g in a Coordinated Attack.
..
7J[
10 October, 19
, 0810
XX
2.
3.
4.
sector*
The'Advance Transport w i l l advance toward -XX.
The Field Train w i l l halt when the head .reaches XX.
From now on I w i l l be at XX,
Lieutenant General XX
Division Commander
Distribution:
Written orders w i l l be dispatchad by mass-sugars.
Note:
1. I t w i i l be assumed t h a t the halting point for th3 Trans?
port w i l l have already been indicated by an ordsr on the
previous night. Bssantial points ralavant to th3 situation
w i l l be indicated at t h i s time.
2. This order is concomad with the carrying out of opera
t i o n s and not with the order of supply. Tharafora, i t is t o
be included in t h e operation order Ho, A .
37. An Example of a Division Order Issuad t o tha Advance Guard
of the Main Column, A r t i l l e r y , 3n?-;inaars, a t e . , Prior to Deploy
ment of the Division (Two Columns) Participating Successively in
in an Engagement,
Headquarters, 1st Division
AT XX
10 October, 19_ , 1720
Operation Orders A, No. 2, Part I
1. Enemy situation (omitted),
located at XX.
Lieutenant General XX
Division Commander
- 58
D i s t r i b u t i on:
~liferbal~"orders w i l l be given t o t h e Commander of the
Advance.Guard and both the A r t i l l e r y and Engineer Unit
Commandors.
38, " An. Example--of a Division Order Issued t o the Cavalry Prior
t o Deployment of the Division (Two Columns) P a r t i c i p a t i n g Suoces
,sively in an Engagement,
Headquarters, 1st Division
AT XX
10 October, 19 ,., 0750
and X directions.
Di s t r.i but i ^_
AT XX
10 October, 19 _, 0735
Qp-aration Order A, No, 2, Part . I I I
1, Enemy s i t u a t i o n (omitted)*
2, The Division w i l l ' plan a deci:sivo,.engagement in the III.
and XX areas,
'
5. The Right Column w i l l advance 'toward*XX direction a f t e r
attacking the enemy in XX and XX v i c i n i t i e s .
The Advance Guard of the Left Column w i l l advance toward
X direction aft or attacking the enemy in X v i c i n i t y .
The Cavalry Unit w i l l turn toward X direction and attack the
rear of the enemy loft flank.
Tho main strength of the A r t i l l e r y w i l l cooperate in the en
gagement of the Advance Guard of the Loft Column, After
- 59
P J t p
~
TTcfr~staff officer w i l l givo verbal instructions.
40 An Example of a Division Order Issued t o the Subordinate
Units Prior t o Deployment of the Division (Tiro Columns) P a r t i c i
pating Successively in an Engagement.
Headquarters, 1st Division
AT XX
10 October, 19__, 0745
Operation Order A, No. 2, Part IV
1 # Enemy s i t u a t i o n (omitted),
2. The Division w i l l plan a decisive engagement in X and
X areas.
The Right Column aftor attacking the enemy in the v i c i
n i t i e s of X and X-will advance toward X while the Advance
Guard of the Left Column a f t e r attacking the enemy in the
v i c i n i t y of XX w i l l advance toward XX.
The nain strength of the A r t i l l e r y w i l l supnort the Advance
Guard of the Left Column in the engagement aftar occupying
positions in XX v i c i n i t y , obstructing the enemy deployment.
3. The 2nd Infantry w i l l proceed t o XX by way of XX and XX.
The 4th Inf and the Medical Unit (less 2/3) w i l l advance
t o X via X and X roads.
4. The Division Signal Unit w i l l maintain liaison with the
Right Column, the Advance Guard of the Left Column and the
A r t i l l e r y of the Main Body, with the Division Command Pest
as i t s base,
5. The Mobile Anti-aircraft Gun U n it w i l l angaga in a e r i a l
defense'after occupying positions in X and X v i c i n i t i e s .
6. J. will-now proceed t o X h i l l .
Lieutenant General XX
Commanding
Di st ribut i on_:
41,
Enemy s i t u a t i o n
60
AT XX
10 October, 19_*^, 0920
Operation Order A No. 3
1. I t appears that the enemy Is deploying in the X and X v i c i
nity.
Z. The Division with i t s main strength w i l l s^.3k a decisive
b a t t l e in the area along the XX road.
3. The 2nd Inf Brigade (less 4th Inf. ?.nd ( l ) squad of
Cavalry attached) is designated the Right vring; Unit and w i l l
deploy in the vicinity of XX and the lino of h i l l s on the west.
The Brigade w i l l attack the enemy deploying at XXt
4. The 1st Inf. Brigade, with the 9th Pi/id A r t i l l e r y attached
- 61
- 62 f
- 63
12,
Bach Infantry Ammunition Platoon and two Artillery
Ainmunition Platoons will establish distributing points at X
and X, and at X vicinity respectivoly,
13,
I am. now at X.
Lieutenant General XX
' Commanding
Distribution:
AT XX
Division.
troops, etc*
paragraphs
- 65
purpose of attack.
4. The Right Column (One Infantry Regiment as' the attack unit*
XX, attack the onemy in the vicinity of XX, seize the area
5. The Advance Guard of the Left Column will deploy in the area
of XX, attack the enemy in the vicinity of XX and XX, seize the
area between X-X-, and reconnoiter the enemy situation and tho
6. Tho boundary between units is tho line X-X (tho area along
- XX, XX vicinity
- 66
)
)
- XX, XX v i c i n i t y
roar,
missions.
Lioutonant Gonjral XX
Commanding
Distributi^onj
Assemble X, X, X, X, X recipients of ordors and X and
X Commanders for tho issue of verbal orders,
Tho adjutant w i l l deliver w r i t t e n orders t o the X
unit while a mounted orderly 'will deliv3r w r i t t e n orders
to the X unit,
47. An Example of a Division Order t o Execute i t s Development With
out Seizing t h e Hostile Outpdst 'Position,
- 67
^ 68
Right Column, main force of the Left Column, and the 4th
Infantry.
10. The Advance Transport will halt with tli3 head of the
column at XX.
(omitted)
2,
3,
a.
b
line
c.
d
4,
Instructions to Artillery.
a. Fire to be delivered in diroot support of tho infantry
during; .ea.c'l: c r i t i c a l r<oriod>
b. Otbjr desired fires and the purpose.
c. Areas to be utilized for nocitiens.
d. Approximate am- unt of ammunition to b3 usod.
o. Time to bo^in proparatory firo (scheduled firas) and f i r e
for offoot,
f. Items pertaining to ohan/^o in positions,
g. Units ivliioh should bo attached to infantrv.
- 69
5, Instructions to the
tin^^,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
Cavalry missions.
Movements of the iteservo,
Duties of~Communication Units.
Instructions to the Hodical Unit,
Location of Commander,
Note:
Time at which deployment is to bo completed1 and items per
taining to- preparations for attack, especially fi those re
lating t o the destruction of obstacles, etc,
49,
An Example of a Division Order for a Daylight Attack on an
Organized' Hostile Position.
Headquarters, 1st Division
AT XX
(Date and Time)
Oporation Order A, No. X
Distribution of troops
Right v'ing Unit;
Commander - Major General XX
1st Infantry Brigade
XXXXX Units
(2) Squads of cavalry
XXXX Units
(2) platoons of Engineers
Left Wing Units
Commander - Mai or General XA
2nd Infantry Brigade -(loss 4th Infantry)
XXXX Units
( l ) squad of cavalry
(1) platoon of Si-u;iii3 3rs
Artillory
Commandar - A r t i l l e r y Col, XX
1st Field A r t i l l e r y
1st Batbalj.cn Haavy Field A r t i l l e r y
1st Battalion Mountain A r t i l l e r y
- 70
i t t t i a i r o r a f t Units:
1st and 2nd Mobile Antiaircraft Gun Units.
Cavalry Troopst
' 1 s t Cavalry (loss 3 squads)
Engineers*
1st Engineer Battalion*, (less 3 platoons)
Air Unit:
1st Squadron
Reserves'*
4th Infantry
- 71
and XX.
a station at XX.
Lieutenant General XX
Division Commander.
Distributions
Notoj_
Wing Unit
AT XX
2 July, 1 9 _ , 1050
1,
onomy on our front from now on, and will advanco to lino XX
and XX,
2. The 1st Brigade (with XX Unit, XXZ Unit, ( l ) platoon of
attached) designated tho Right Wing Unit, will ,soizo tho hos
t i l e outpost position and main lino of resistance in the area
- 73
9,
Major General XX
AT XX
X day, X time
attached. (omitted).
Tho Division will direct the main attack towards XX, attack
ing so as to envelop the left flank of tho hostile position,
the lino XX-XX. Tho Left Wing Unit (2nd Infantry Brigade
- 74
- 75
ZZ fcr others.
I will be at XXX.
Colonel XX
1st Field Artillery Commander
Distribution:
Assemble recipients of orders for each battalion and
issue verbal instructions.
Note:
A sketch of installations, indicating on a map the situa
tion, will be printed and distributed lat^r down to
and including batteries. The target numbers will
be listed.
- 76
AT: HAG-IDAI
Hagidai,
a ccac.tr,
left in the order 1st Company, 2nd Company, 3rd Company, and
4. The Machine Gun Company and tho Infantry Gun Unit will
77
5. The Rapid Fire Gun X Unit will follow in tho roar of the
2nd' Company.
6. Tho tin of' attack cf tho front lino units will bo desig
natod later,
of tho front lino in tho roar *.- tho 2nd Company, will bo
como tho. antiaircraft unit for air security. Completing tho
advene as, I will follow tho 2nd Company through tho platoau
of Hachigobayashi,
Major XX
Battalion Commander
Distribution:
Assemble a l l Company Cornmandors, Infantry Gun Unit
Commandor, Combat Train Commandor and issuo verbal
instructions,
53. .An Example of a Field Artillery Battalion Order to Deploy
to Support the Attack on an Organized Hostilo Position,
1st Battalion, 1st Field Artillery
AT: "A" HILL
10 March, 19_^ 110Q
Operation Order No, X
1, I t appears "that the enemy has deployed in area in the
vicinity of "D" nBn and "C" since this.morning with his ar
t i l l s r y in the vicinity of XZ, The Division will from now
on attack the enemy in the vicinity of "C" with i t s main
strength and advance to the "N" River line. The Right Wing
Uriit (1st Infantry Brigade) will deploy on the "EF" line and
attack the enemy east of "Gff while the Left Wing (2nd Infantry
Brigade less 4th Infantry (less 3rd Battalion)) w i l l deploy
on the "HJ" line and attack the enemy west of "G". The sec
t o r "boundary is the line M-N. The Field Artillery from
positions in the vicinity of "L" with other elements will
generally furnish direct support to the Right Wing in the
attack.
- 78
'3.
4th
5th
6th
' of 8.
"be on plateau ttAn in the order from the right to the left,
5.
4th
5th
6th
6. Jloute of advance:
R-L route for the 4th and 5th Batteries, R-fy-M route for the
6th Battery,
'Battalion Comnander
- 79
Distribution^
. . ,.
terrain features.
Note:
"""*"** p r i o r t o issuing of orders,' the reference point of the
battalion w i l l be pointed out, and orders w i l l be issued
indicating actual positions,
54. Ail Example of a Division Order for Dawn Attack on an Organized
Hostile Position.
Headquarters, 1st Division
AT XX
13 June, 19 , 1500
Operation Order A No. 1
, 1, The situation of the enemy positions on our front is as
shown on sketch on separate sheet, (omitted)
2. This Division w i l l attack the main position of the enemy
extending from east t o west on XX Mountain at dawn tomorrow,
the 14th, and w i l l attempt t o advance t o the line extending
from XX Mountain t o 00 Mountain. Tho main attack w i l l be
directed towards XX Mountain.
3, The Right Wing w i l l commence movement at sundown and imme
diately seize the enemy positions-established on the right
bank of the ZZ River in the v i c i n i t y of the plateau oast of
ZZZZ# From positions on this line preparations w i l l be made
for attack on t h e following dawn.,
4, At sundown, a part of the Left Wing Force w i l l occupy the
line of ZZZ and XXX and'prepare for the debouchment of tho
enemy. I t w i l l cooperate in tho attack of the Right Wing,
Upon seizure by the Right TiTing Force, of tho area in the
v i c i n i t y of tho p l a t e a u ' e a s t of Z.ZZZ, the main strength
w i l l make contact with the Right Wing, deploy in the sector
wost of ZZZ by 0400and prepare for the following dawn attack,
5. Tho boundary of the zone of action of both Wing Units is
the lino extending from the eastern edge of XXX through the
eastern f o o t h i l l s of XX Mountain t o the Wostorn edge of ZZ,
The boundary lino w i l l bo included in tho sector of tho Right
Wing Force*
- 80
- 81
15. Tho Medical Unit with its main strength will establish a
Lieutenant General XX
Division Commander
vicinity XJl and .XX at 2100 tonight, and will further oxploite
- 82
- 83
SECTION VI
DEFENSE OF
56.
POSITION
1.
2.
4.
b. Areas1 to be occupied.
engagomont,
6.
7.
8.
9.
to Modioal Units.
Distribution of troops * .
;
' , Air- Unit.:.
' '
Cavalry; "
.,
^ ^ ^
Commander - Major X - 1st Batt'alion Commander, 1st
t Infantry
Tho 1st Battalion 1st Infantry (less 3rd and 4th Companion
( l ) Infantry Artillery platoon 1st Infantry
( l ) Mountain Artillery Battery
( l ) ICnginper Platoon,.
^ ^ S ^ e c t o r Units
Commander - Major General %9 2nd Infantry Brigade
Commander
The 1st Infantry (less 1st Battalion, less 3rd and 4th
Companies)
2nd Infantry
( l ) Cavalry/ Squad
( l ) Engineer Platoon ,
3rd
4th
(1)
(l)
Infantry
Cavalry Squcd
Engineer Platoon.
Engine or Unit_:
- 85
The Reserve:
""3rd" Infantry (loss 3rd Battalion and ono-half Infantry Gun
Unit)
( l ) Cavalry Squad*
- 86
mass fire upon XX, YY, and ZZ areas and interrupt hostile plans
to the maximum.
Left Sector,
f.
Furnish direct support in order to shift to tho offensive.
To tho Center Soctor furnish tho fire of approximately (l)
battalion, while to tho Loft Sector furnish the fire of approx
inc.t ely (3 ) batta 1 i ons
g. By sunsot an element of the field a r t i l l e r y will bo
assigned to flank'defense of the Center and.Loft Sector Units
while (l) battery of Mountain Artillery will be prepared for
attachment to the Center Sector for the purpose of anti-tank
defence. The time for attachment will bo given in a later orders
- 87
XX and XX,
11, The Engineer Unit will assist the Artillery in the occupa
tion of positions q.nd will take steps to repair the road from
XX to YY,, The 3rd Battalion, 2nd Infantry will assist the Cen
ter Sector in construction work.
12,
between the Division Command Post at XX, each Sector Unit Com
.mander, Artillory Commander, and the Reserve,
, Infantry ammunition
1 XX and YY
Artillery ammunition ~
X X Village
18.
Division Commander.
Distribution:
50,
(Omitt Gd).
AT: XX
1,
- 88
- 89
and issue
- 90 -,
from tha vicinity of XX mountain, through ZZ, YY, and XX, seiz
ing t i u opportunity, it will take the offensive from tho direc
tion of tho Loft V/ing Sector.
southeast of XX.
and ZZ.
River.
- 91
.approach,
offensive, the main strength will furnish direct support to the '
L artillery.
i. ' ' ' . '
between XX, "YY and ZZ and carry out tho following missions;
V
b. Obstruct the. enemy preparations for attack in the vi
cinity of YY, ZZ and. TT and neutralize his a r t i l l e r y .
',
-;:=.
..Oiio battery will chock tha onomy in. front of tho outpost
of thp Ljft Sector, '
" .
. b , , Furnish, diroct support, to tho Cmtor Soctor during tho
hostllo attow.ck on our main djf onsivo zon-o,
. c. Purni.sh diroct sunport IJO'tho Loft Soctor during tho
later.
9.
Sectors.
10.
The reconnaissance zone of'each battalion will be the same
as the zones of action but the 2nd Battalion and the 1st Heavy
Field Artillery Battalion will pay particular attention to
location of hostile a r t i l l e r y ,
11.
Each battalion will conceal i t s preparations for establish
ment of positions as much as possible during daylight and 'at
sundown.the main strength will move *to positions, completing
occupation by 2000. The 2nd Battalion and the 1st Mountain
Artillery Battalion will prepare to r>lace' harassing fire on the
billeting area and interdiction f i r e on the hostile communica
tions- in the areas ZZ, TT4 XX and PP, simultaneously. For
this puriDOs-3 i t is permissablo to move into positions before
sunset if it-, is necessary.
12.
Survey operations will be coordinated and executed by
a l l units.
a
*
- 93
separately,
XX and XX,
17.
I am at YY.
Colonel XX
:Commo.nder, Fiold Artillory Unit
Distributions
UnitCommanders will be assembled and verbal instructions
: issued,
60., An Example of cin' Infantry Battalion Order for Occupying a
Position.
HC-4 2nd "Battalion 1st Inf.
Plateau south of MAEHAHA
1 February, 19_ , 0930
1, The enemy directly on our front began-a v/estrirard movomont at
about 0700.
The Divisi'.n will occupy positions in the area extending from
the platoau southwrest cf Shoshiga Pond to Ebigacaki through
-(plat jau south of Maohara), Takidai, and Shichirin and upon
the arrival of a l l units v/ill shift, to the offensive.
- 94
~ 95
Maehara). The field *> f i r e will "be the arcn "betvreen the l i n e
of Fujisaki plateau caic the line along- the main road on the
for the 5th Company (350) meters for 6th Company, and (~350)
Major XX
. ; ..
Distribution:
J" PLATEAU
10 March 1 9 _ , 0900
1r lf
A road will reach XXX at 1100.
:
' H a n d E .
'
'
Commanding .
verbal instructions. .
>
62.
HQ-.lst Division
Operation'1 Order""Mo"'.- 2
1.
(omitted)
-- 98
Artillery,
'
'
- 99
- 100
Enemy situation
2.
CommarELor's Plan.
When nocossary items pertaining to the pursuit of adja
cent u n i t s . *
i^.ieny situation
- 101
Command er ? s Plan
lteris pertaining to the movement of the Pursuit
i t s subordinate u n i t s .
2.
r_it and
3 . movement of e l l (regiments) u n i t s .
(designation of the
pursuit sector end indication of the objectives, instructions
concern ing the assembly, and the place uhoro the Cavalry and
A r t i l l e r y come under the control of the Pursuit Commander.)
4. -Location of the Conraander,
llf necessary his movements,
the method of communication and place t o which messages are
to be sent.)
65. An ibcaiiiple of a Division Order Issued t o the Cavalry Com
mander ( Jho Has Been Assigned t o Harass the Hostile Right Flank
and Roar)
EQ, 1st Division
North Edge of A Village
16 May 19 , 1200
Operation Order ITo - Part I
1. The enemy is <;;ithd raving in the direction of N tov/n,
passing through the area along t he XJ- road, J, i,j, N, v i l l a g e
roads and K, IvI, N, village roads and K, M, N, torn roads.
2. The- Division is preparing t o pursue the oiiomy to-rare?
the l i n e of the X r i v e r . The Right J^]^rsuit_JJ_n_lt m i l
pursue so ->s t o close in on the left rear flnnk of the enemy
from the direction of C-D Village road r h i l e the Center^ and
Left Pursuit Unit? pursue in the are PI p a r a l l e l to the E, M,
K torn road and the Z^ I i h
3. The Cavalry --.-ill iirmiediately pursue the enemy in the area
extending from the right bank of t h e S lUver in the direction
of "Zvt tovv-n and cut off h i s route of r e t r e a t .
The 3rd Battalion, 4-th Infantry (light pack) one battery
of Field A r t i l l e r y , and one platoon of Lnsineurs i^ill over
take and come under the control of the Cavalry in the d i r e c
tion of Village B.
4. I -.;ill be in r;_ar of t h e Center Pursuit Unit and '.Till ad
vance on the XX road.
Lt. G- on oral ILL,
Commanding '
Distribution:
- 102
HQ 1st Division
Northern edge of Village A
15 May 19__, 1200
Operation Order A
1.
Unit.
HQ 1st Division
North .edge of Village A
16 May 19 , 1220
Operation Order Ko. 2A Pert III
1.
- 103
- 104
iincny s i t u a t i o n loi.iittod)
2.
- 105
71.
General s i t u a t i o n .
I f necessary, t h e general s i t u a t i o n .
2.
Commanderf s plan.
.3.
4'.
5.
6.
- 107
XX vicinity.
'
11. Upon the withdraral of each unit from the front line,
' units will leave a small force in important points in the
vicinity of present positions to cover the withdrawal move
ment. These units r i l l rithdraw at daylight.
- 108
2.
various units,
the degree of mili
tho billeting area,
otc.
8.
6.
7.
Location of tho
. - 110.
3.
6.
7.
.. - 111.
units*
5.
C own ander
74.
At XX
11 March 19 , 1500
at about 1400
XX at about the
movements. Our
cavalry units
to XX.
vicinity tonight.
and Left Column units is the lino passing through XX, YY,
- 1X2 <
and ZZ. The area along the lino will be under the res-
possibility of the Loft Column. yVhen encountering, hostile-
village:
Division Headquarters
Wireless Platoon
Antiaircraft Unit
I am at XX.
1.
vicinity,
follows:
Advance Guard
2nd Infantry
4th Infantry ,
Loft'Column Units
Division Headquarters
XX vicinity
XX vicinity
XX vicinity
vicinity
XX village
XX village
XX village
XX village
XX village
Communications .Unit
Wireless Platoon
Field Telegraph Unit
4th Field Artillery
(less 1st & 3rd Bns)
3rd Bn Mt. Artillery
2nd Co Engineers
(less one platoon)
One element Medical Unit
XX town & v i c i n i t y of
XX v i l l a g e
XX town & v i c i n i t y of
XX village
5.
I will be at XX.
, 1530
XX vicinity (exclusive)
XI* vicinity.
road.
with the Left Column will be the lino connecting the east
ern odge of the XX., YY, and ZZ.
west of X village.
Commanding <
At XX
11 March 19
1.
, 1550
- 115
the same time, but since then, there has been no indication
XX vicinity, (exclusive)
YY village road.
tho 'alert'.
be dispatched to XX.
C ommanding
- 116
78
HQ XX
At -XX
11 March 19
, 1550
as above)*
will billet in the vicinity of XX. ' The main force of tho
of Y (exclusively),
'
area west of the line allotted t'o the 1st Company and
.....
fires.
-. 117
Major XX,
Commanding
tho Adjutant.
boon ordered.
79o
HQ XX
At XX.
11 March 19 ,1700
(omitted)
Captain XX Infantry.
3.
The Infantry Battalion ,.r:rl tho Pi old ^rtillory Battalion
will each send a 1st Lieutenant (or 2nd Lioutenant) by 2000
to report as patrol officers
4.
Battalion personnel to act as billeting guards from
each infantry battalion will report at 1900 to tho Billet
ing Officer of the Day at the crossroads as follcws:
1st Battalion - 1 Non-coi nissioncd Officer
3 Superior rrivatcs
i. 13 Privates ((1) bugler)
6 Privates
6 Privates
-118
bo a i r defense u n t i l sunset.
6. Antiaircraft observation sentries from the irifantry
battalions w i l l take orders from the Billeting'Officer
of the Day, after being posted out as follows:
1st Battalion - 1 Non-cos^nissioncd Officer
1 Superior Private
4 Privates
At the northeast edge of tho road junction '
2nd Battalion *- 1 Non-conmissi onod Officer
: ;
1 Superior i-'rivato
7 Privates
At the eastern side of the Ryotan Eashi (bridge)
3rd b a t t a l i o n - 1 1;> iv.-;-oo;.Tf.isaioncd Orficer
1 Superior Private
4 Privates
At the southwest edge of nameless shrine*
Include one bugler anong the privates from each b a t t a l
' ion.
7. All rj'on balow nnn-coi r:issioi,ed officer
grade v a i l bo
. r e s t r i c t e d 1 t o tho b i l l o t i n b area because of an outbreak of
typhoid a t JZZI*
8* Division Foadquartors vjill be at tho Central Grammar
School at ~Z~. town. The nessagc center w i l l be at XX. I
w i l l be at VCi village office.
Colonel XX,
Comrjanding
Distribution: Asscjoble recipients of orders and issue ver
bal i n s t r u c t i o n s .
SECTION X
TRANSPORTATION
80.
- 119
at 0500.
- (9).
Commanding
3.
- 120
as follows:
*
Number
Number
.. K'uijibo'r
Number
1
2
3
4
Loading
Loadinb
Loadii;b
Loading
Area
Area
Area
Area
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
boats
boats
,boat
boat
Number
Number
Number
Number
1
2
3
4
Loading
Loading
Loading
Loading,
Area,
Area
Area
Area
~
-
(2) boats
(2) ; boats
( l ) b o a t
(l) boat
- 121
HQ ldt Infantry
At XX
15 January 1 9 ^ * 1530
Transportation Commander.
Colonel XX,
Commanding ,' .
Distribution: Assemble XX recipients from each unit and
distribute printed forms.
82.
An "Example of a Transport Commander's Order' Relative to
Embarkation.
Headquarters ZZ .Maru
At XX
- '
i5 January 19
'
, JL600A\
*'
- 122
No. 1 (omitted).
be as follows:
Major XX,
Transport Commander, ZZ lfci.ru
Distribution: Assemble recipients from various units
and issue verbal orders.
XX Ilaru Embarkation Outline
General:
,'
This outline indicates in d e t a i l i;ho order of moving
horses, r T<torials. provisions end forage, and personnel,
fro land to the transport and' tho distribution of loads
on each barge in tho order of departure from the pier*
Example: (Usually shown by chart)
The f i r s t two barges departing will each carry (40)
men. The following three barges will each carry (6)
animals of the Infantry Battalion Field and Combat Train.
(Attached Sheet)
Loading Regulations for XX I'iaru
1.
- 123
(land
Equipment detail(barge
0530
(ship
Animal d o t a i l
(land
(barge
(ship
0730
0730
0730
n .,
Personnel
d e.t a.i,l )(land
, .
(ship
1030
nc^o
0530
0730
0530
and personnel.
8.
Captain B,
83.
- 124
Personnel:
a. Assistant in charge XX
b . Individuals XX, XX, XX, XX.
Assembly Time XX
Assembly Place XX
SECTION XI
ROUTINE ORDERS
84..
- 125
Medical. Examination
Routine Meeting
Evening Roll Call and Taps
0900
1400
2100
HQ 2nd Division
At XX
1 March 19 _ , 1400
results
Commanding
- 126 ^
CHAPTER 4
FIELD SERVICE
S3CTIOI7 I .
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
Paragraph*
Marches
>
86 - 93
Computations Pertaining t o Messengers
94 - 96
Framing and Issuing Orders
>
97 - 98
Bivouacs
99
Moans of Communication
100 - 101
Supply
*
102 - 127
SECTION I
MARCHES
, 1800
-127
1. Enony cituition
Tomorrow, tlio 2nd, tho Army ' / i l l move toward XX lino; tho
2nd Division will move on the Konyo Highvay toward XX.
2. Touorro.,, tl:~ 2nd, tlio Division ./ill move on tho Chuo
*Aiglr ay toward .n-sahimachi for the purpose of carrying out
:u attack. Tho boundary between tho zones of action of the
1st end 2nd Divisions will be the Arimiiya-^sunoki-I'-iotoyama
l i n e . (The 1st Division will bo responsible for tho area
alons t h i s lino.)
5. At 0600 tho Cavalry v.ill depart from the Yoshitsuncbashi
(bridge) and rcconnoitcr the enemy situation in the direction
of Asahimachi.
4. At 0630 tho Advance Guard Trill leave tho Yoshitsuncbashi
(bridge) on tho Chuo Highly raid move toward Asahimachi with
tho Infantry at the head of the column. I t v.ill maintain
close contact with tho 2nd Division.
5. The elements of tho Main Body will as son bio successively
at tho wostern end of Sn.kurar.iachi and move off according
to the following schedules, tho head of tho column keeping
an interval of approximately 1500 motors behind tho Advance
G-uard:
At 0700:
Division Headquarters
2nd Infantry
2nd Battalion, Engineers
At 0800:
At 0850:
end of Tsubakida by 0720 and uill move behind the last unit
the uostcrn end of Sakuramachi, and move off under tho com
mand of the Division Fiold Train Commander at a distance of
XXXXXXXXX
at "(time)
- 128
7.
Transport . . . .
Commanding
Distribution:
(omitted)
5400m
10600m
.A 1500m j
!li
^SUBAMDA.
(BRIDGE) ''
Adv-o.cc
C-u~rd
ASSEI^GLV AREA, f
M A I N PODV
ADVANCE
GUARD
..:...,
Distance bot^co::'
Advance G-U'-rcl ?,nd
2400m
:2000m
.{ADVANCE f
HELD
TR/\ir,
Distance bet-eon
-starti:^ p'.-ints ' of
Cc vr ilry
-~
...
nit
u
K
o
o
CQ
s
o
in
RS
H
H
of
C Trs
CO
C3
O 0
H H Ho
Pi
M
t
-U
p
[3
<y
Hi W
,lx,
W
O3
<*
O O
o o
as
LO
to in
to
r
H
&
to
LO
vr
-;{
PA
o o o
-* oo
o oLO o
O o
o
&
bD
- p r-l O H
P
PQ P-l
o. o o!
to o o
to
H LO
CO CJ LOj
O
bCV2 bto b
N H o
C\2 *& o
o
if -;f
O O CO
o
CV2 LO o
to
LO
H
"o"
to
LO LO
CV2
t .
&
to
-P EH
bi fA
O
EH
in
of
,_l
ft
r'
pq
5-
RS
EH
o o o
o to
o
o
o
Hv j 'A
:
--(
,
O
ri
o
EH
"B
o
o
o is1.
.1t .Lrty
FA
_.
CO
o o
o Ho
o
H
"to
oLO
o"
LO
lO
.-4
o
H
Dipt.
bet.
Unit s
(X> . in
H
Qio o O
w|to to to
to
o o
to tOlbO
I
Engr
. . .
= .
U
IJ
I
T
2.
! Hoc
O
/***
I4
Coi
190
400
to
'
C\2
4.
D i snounted inf ant ry troops a r e
indiea ted in column of fours
*
/
(15(
"(1*
)22)
RS
of
o
C Trs b b o
o .o
to to
o CO
i
i
3 . Numbers in p ar ont he s i s i nd i c at e
pack horse organizations*
HC
o
o M
O !"o
.
i
LC
tr.
CM
to
150)
"o
o
LO
LO*
to
* '*
120
Figures v i l l be in irictors.
Pi
t/3
|~)
cS A
o
to
i
1
j
CO LO
Notes:
1. Figures with (*) arc road spaces
for units excluding combat trains.
ri
Dist.
bet.
Units
.to
RS
of
F Tn
o o
J
;
J.
- 130
88.
(Meters)
(1)
Advanc e
G-uard ,
700 m
Main Body
1600
'<
___
2200
About 4500
(2)
Advanc e
Guard
800
Main Body
^
- - 2000 -
- 3200
About 6000
nucleus.
r in Body of ^ .
1 0 0 Q >
Support of k_ .... 7 Q 0
Advance Guard!
- - 1050
1350
Main Body
3 1 0 0
~ >(
About 8,100
(4)
r _
Support of
Gd f
!.|
-"- -
|<s. _ 1500
M a i n
3300 - - '
- 131
-10600
89.
Route StoT)
Quick Time
or Trot
Double Time
Or Gallo-o
Cccribined. Arms
_
90.
2.
...lutomobile Corps
related uniti
Rciinrks
1.
1.
2.
The rat of march during the night differs according to tho situation, Ihen ap
proaching the enemy, a rate of one ldLl@aotor per hour i s sometimes necessary.
Pace Crate of
march)
Distance
Use
1/4
1/3
7 kilometers
per hour
In Ordinary Llarch
1/2
,-,
- |
....
S/3
3/4
10
11
|
i
FIGURE IV
SKETCH OF FIRST DIVISION ROUTE MARCH, APRIL 1 -3
Kofui
temba
NOTES
l/l
2/1
II
133
CAVALRY
FIGURE V
ADVANCED GUARD
1 squad
2nd troop 1st Cavalry
One platoon
it Infantry
Distance unfixed
1st Infantry Co.
less one platoon
Infantry
Battalion Hq
1st Engineer Reg't
less One Platoon of 2nd Co:
Direct Firing Inf. jQun
Inf. Brigade Hq
Inf. Regimental Headquarters
3nd Bn 1st Inf
Infantry Gun (less Inf
Cannon Unit) of 1st Inf.
Two cavalry
ADVANCE PARTY
men (privates)
Machine Gun
1st Battalion less 1st Co.
INFANTRY DETCH
and Infantry Cannon Unit
(SUPPORT-AD VANCE
oi 1st Infantry
GUARD)
1st Infantry Ammunition
Section (plat) in column
One Squad of 2nd Troop
of First Cavalry
2nd Battalion
1st Infantry
Infantry Howitzer
MAIN BODY
Detachment of Inf
AD VANCE GUARD
Gun of 1st Bn
OBSERVATION AND
RECONNAISSANCE DETAIL
Division Hq
One Company
2nd Engineers
1st Artillery
Scale
Statute Miles
ADVANCE
TRANSPORT
FIELD TRAIN
93-
Speed : f Ta:iks
Types
Tank
Lights
Gar
Crui sing
Speed
High Speed
Full Speed
terrain
Precautions:
a. Light tanks riust r/ove at lov speed until the not or i s sufficiently vramicd
up.
b.
Tanks \;th a speed ~>f 50 kil:r:oters par li^ur have nade t h e i r appearance in
Eur~'pe ^rA .\nerica.
94.
SECTION I I
COIvPUTATIOKS PERTAINING TO MESSENGERS
Speed of LIcssongors
R .utino
Di snountod
Mount ed
Spued
^ b o u t 5 1^- P - r hou-T>
orally in quick t i n e .
4
I
. Priority
Urgent
Bicycle:
Motorcycle:
Aut-nobilc:
I DFNS
//VF #G/MENT/AL Hd
f"
6X/6AOE NQ.
(b)
~z '>
("V-
~O
i/V. HQ.
Transmission time
Distance
m -
n' -
96.
'Priority!
10
15
20
30
12
18 23
35
20
30
5 ! 10
15
40
42
Si
r-t
H
O
CD
G)
P CD
%
CD +&
3
CD
15
75
85
+-
38
....
45 I 56 j
-f
39
31
23
46
54
62 70
43
50 ! 57
17 j 21 i 25
i
j.
30 j
j
9 I 12
18
23
29
47 ! 53
59
3 i 6 j , 8 11
16
22 i 27
38 I 43 ; 49
55
ji
! _..
36 j 42
33
2 ' 4
19i
10' i 14
.1
40
4 j 6 /3 ;
7 j 10
67
100
|jJrgeiit
10
16
25 ! 38
uCD 'Routine 11 22
CD-I
'S S Priority!
o r i t y 77 ; 13
p co
34
44
20
27 ! 41
4 2 ' 47
16 211 24 ! 29 I 33
13
^Priority! 53
251 30 ! 34
13 i 15 i 18
52
41
20 : 23
26
57
.H O !
O
<D
CQ
"P. CD
{Urgent
-1
7 i 12 ; 17; 21
27 ! 35
40
1.
R
E
M
A
R
K
67.
12
g priority 1
77
IRoutine I
54! 64
94 100 118 ,
32 I 37
FJ
[Urgent
83
1Q0
25
g i-Routine, . 2
CD
71
90
19
'Priority
& "
Urgent
Cti i
11
13
!
&
-H ^ ,
O O
Routine
H O ,
56
;_
!Urgent
I
70
p w :Priority
,O
60
12 i 18 ( 24 ] 32
Urgent ! 3 |
I
1
[
^ (Routine
4
8
13 ;
50
56 I 63
- 138
SECTION I I I
1HAMKG AMD ISSUING ORDERS
97.
Unit
' Typ es N
Brigade
i Orders
!
Average
};
;_ Complexity _|]
Complicated ii
(3)
Simple
Battalion
Gompany
j; Headquarters
o f
Regimental
| Headquarters
Total
Headquarters { Headquarters
1:40
0:30
0:30
0:20
0:10
2:40
0:43
0:48
0:32
0:16
5:00
(Approx.
0:18
0:1?
0:06
2:00
(Approx.
1:00
3:10
RIMARKS:
EXPLANATION.:
98.
~r~
REvIAHKS: 1. This chart is applicable only when orders are framed and issued by experienced personnel
2.
This chart shows the time required for framing and issuing orders in various headquarters
and units, but it does not include the time required in the movement of adjutants, messen
gers, etc,
3. Taking these conditions into consideration, the time required from the issuing of an order
until the front line goes into action i"-s "approximately 3- hours for an army and 2|r hours
for a division.
SECTION IV BITOLSCS
99.
ORGANIZATION
mm(EAJ3E
Cavalry
Regiment (2 Trs)
220
370
Battalion
230
300
100
330
Battalion
230
300
Regtl Am Tn
110
260
230
460
Regtl Am Tn
190
360
Bn within Regt
240
270
Regtl Ani Tn
120
210
Transport Company
100
600
160
260
Mountain
rn
1.41
Artillery
L
j-
210
Regtl Am Tn
240
L
E
R
Heavy Field
Artillery
Independent
Heavy Field
Artillery
!
r
Batt alion
" '
DEPTH (PACES)
(PACES)
Infantry
Field
"Artillery
UNIT
"
Battalion
.
NOTE: The machine gun company i s not included i n the calculations for the Infantry
"battalion.
100.
Types of Apparatus
Speed
Establish a Station
Approximately
20 minutes
Telegraph
100(clear) 40(rain)
40(clear) 20\rain)
Several minutes-
clear]]
i l i g h t l y Insulated j
are
Heavily Insulated
Wire
Medium Insulated
1. I n a l l these
cases a single ti*
rect communication
wire i s laid on the
ground.
2 . }
indicates
buzzor telephone.
2.
3 per day
4 per day
Wire
l i g h t l y Insulated
"wire
1.
Summary
60-70 u n i t s (Icana or
Jap an e s e sy l l a b 1 e s)
Semi-permanent wire
> fTwo stations180
400 km.
j
msgs A c i r
o j c u i t ' o f three
Uninsulated wire
o Lstations--150 msgj
200 km.
(100 u n i t s or l e s s !
T>er message)
Vfire
& I Medium Insulated
o
Wire
Maximum Range
(km.)
[
!
5 per day
:.-j
I
-j
j
101.
15 units a minute
Same as above
15 units a minute
Sun
10-cm. heliograph
Fire
?i
S e o n s trained for
mobile l o f t s
Pigeons**
*
**
Night 12 kilometers
(Day 2 kilometers;
Night 20 kilometers)
50 kilometers
Flying speed approximately
1 kilometer per minute
Same as above
Same as above
200-300 kilometers
30-40 kilometers
15-17 u n i t s a minute.
Three messages of about
100 u n i t s an hour
Loft Pigeons
Carrier
Range of Coramunication
2 kilometers (approx.)
The pigeons.which are trained for mobile l o f t s upon a r r i v a l in the new position
can be u t i l i z e d for a comnunication distance of 5 kilometers after only one
day t r a i n i n g .
SECTION VI
SUPPLY
102.
7 """ I
i "' i
- j ^ ^
! V. ~J \
rO
Fig... 6
-t
Jj' j j i 1'i JJ
Field Train
I
5.
6.
Field Warehouse.
7.
8.
9.
On occasions.
Assembly of Transports
i. Repleni shnent of 5bod
* Replenishment
-:V
*>, Orders
- ^
> Requisitions
1.
Units
2.
Supplied by householders
5.
Portable
4.
Purchase or Confiscation
10.
11.
l.
- 144
103.
Fixed Quantity of Rations and Forage for Men and Horses in the Field.
Ordinary rations and fodder (one day)
MEN
HORSES
Rice
T'
E
Barley
Canned
meat
Salt
M
S
Soy
sauce
extract
Vegetables,
pickles,
seasonings,
Riding horses
Draft horses
(except those attached t o trains or
transports)
Barley
200
(.342
litre)
640
(.882
litre)
Full
Ration
Limit to
be carried in
" . the
field
130
(5.3
oz.)
12
(0.39
02. )
20
(0.66
02.)
some
5250
(9.0
litres)
Hay
Rice
straw
Draft horses of
t r a i n s and t r a n s ports
Barley
4200
3750
3750
(132.88 (132.88 (7.2
litres)
oz.)
oz.)
Rice
straw
3750
3750
(132.88 (132.88
oz.)
02,)
Hay
/
same "
as
above
s ante
as
above
REMARKS:
same as
aboveJ
sme
as
above /
same
as
above /
same
as
above /
_
a.
b .
The full ration of barley for transport draft horses i s 1050 ( l sho - 1.8 l i t r e s '
less, than that for riding and other draft horses.
104
1000
30 Bushels
6 stoves
4 stoves
4 gals.
9 (approximately)
(To
(To
(tTo
(.To
(To
105.)
106 (
107 The Effect of Cold Upon the Kuman Body.
15 minutes
18 minutes
7 minutes
40 minutes
Temperature
Effect
('in degrees Centigrade)
Vihen there is no wind, cold is not notice,
About 15 and
above
able*
-20 and
below
- 146
105.
Emergency
situations
For cooking,
M
1.06 gal.
drinking, and
washing hands:
N
2.89 gal.
Horses
5.31 gal.
tea:
6.5 gal.
laundry: 4 gal.
5.78 gal.
14. 5 gal.
. R
According to tests
conducted during
gal.
of 13.5 gal. per
3. During bivouac
day and.that horses
iU...
A
n
K'
s,
106.
Long Halt
Bivouac.
1.
2.
157.7 kgs.
G-augc
Loading l i m i t
1.30 m.
190 kgs. (420 l b s . )
413.4 l b s . maximum load limit
Pack horse:
- 147
1Q7. (continued)
Temp.
about 27 and
be low
/.About -35and
below
'
Remarks
1G8.;
Effect
Eyebrow? and hair within the nostrils
freeze. Not only does one havo a queer
sensation in the opening, and closing, of
the eyes and in breathing, but the tongue
cannot be used freely and speech becomes
difficult.
Special
Clothing
.. .
Hood
'""',
;
Relation t o
'.' Extreme-Gold '
Underwear
Winter
overcoat
and
jacket
Shoes
and
socks .
- 148
108
(continued)
Clothing,
Relation to Cold
Ordinary winter
gloves and largo
overgloves
Temperature
Winter Clothing
underwear
0 to -10
-15 to -20*
-18
Winter
underwear,
overcoat, cap,
sacks, shoes,
and gloves
Summary
One is able to withstand the
cold for- 40 minutes',' but t h e r e a f t e r one begins t o f e e l cold
below the hips and pain in the
face and fingor t i p s . At temp
e r a t u r e s below -25, i t i s
d i f f i c u l t t o stand outdoors for
more tLa:r, 30 minutes without
moving around.
No fouling of extreme pain
. hours <
Winter gloves,
underwear, and
hood
- 149
109.
(continued)
Tcnpcrajjurc
Winter Clothing,
to 30'
t o -35
-Below -35
Summary
In addition to the
above, put hay or
cotton in the fur-lined
boots, or wear leggings
REMARKS:
Iv This t a b l e - i s - a - s y n t h e s i s of r e p o r t s on experiments
made while wearing Japanese ..style c l o t h i n g .
2*
110.
- 150
Remarks,.
water*
Iron stove
water container.
W'hetstono
Pail stand
Tripod
Steel dipper
Bag
utensils
Rice cloth
pot.
Large dipper
Lanterns
Scales
meal.
Rice sieve
barley
Sickle
- 151
110.
(continued)
Remarks
Rain cover
Large ladle
"
'
Rope
iiXO
Apparatus to pre
vent scorching of rice
* 7
- 152
111.
Moss Kits Carried by Troops* (SQQ pig. Q)
The 2-meal moss k i t , being in common use at tho present
time, is too wo11 known for description. Therefore, tho 3
meal k i t will be described below.
A.
B.
112.
Kitchen Wagons, Electric Field Kitchon nounted on Motor
Cars, Etc.
Menus
2.
- 153
Complete
Cover
Inn^r Tray
Cover
Inner Tray
- 154
3'
- 155
to
A--
O,9Q
Fig. 9
156
116,
- 157
chimney
mouth
COMPLETED
Fig. 10.
roaster
(new model)
- 158
old model)
6)
Burn with
door closed.
(7) Vdhen i t is
impossible to dig
trench,' place grat
ing on bricks or
stones.
Dig a s l i t
trench
^-it 1
PrecautionsJ
( l ) In order to prevent damage to steel sections from heat, bank, as
much d i r t as possible aroung inner walls of the stove, (2) Any kind of
kindling wood such as kaoliang, dead wood, &tovibSmay be used to start
fire,
(3) Vi/hen throwing coal on kindling wood, be sure to leave space
for air circulation (draft)..
.
119,
, ''
Precaution:
I t is easy for oven an in experienced person to cook rico with
an -inside pot. However, if possible i t is best not to have
an inexperienced pers-on to f. the cooking because if the r i c e '
is extremely unpalatable the nutritive value will be lost*
When using the apparatus"t.-o prcvqnt scorching (nakazoko):
Put 36 l i t r e s (20 slid) of water in;pshe hemispherical iron pot'
and bring i t to a b o i l . Put 1 5.ki.lograms of ri.ee ancliharloy
(17 sho) in the boiling water Cfook-.ifor about 5..minutGsj
then either remove the fire or the pot from the stove and
stoam for about fivo minutes ' '
'
N.B. Just,, as in the' use of the inside pot, there is ho fear
of scorching when this equipment is used.
only the iron pot is being used:.
Put 36 l i t r e s of water into the- pot and brin{J i t to a boil
Put 2.15. kilograms (17 sho) : of rico and barley into the
hot water to cook. As soon as the rice bcgiiis to boil over*
immediately remove the pot'and place it aside or set an
asbestos pad-under the pot and let i t steam.
Precaution*
withdrawn within five minutes after the rice has begun to boil#
Thereforej as mentioned above, i t is best to canplcto the cook
ing by removing the pot from the fire and letting the rice ab
sorb the moisture of the steam.
'
2. If the essential points of the procedure are thoroughly ;
understood and practiced, rice can be cooked fast, economically
and without scorching.
L60
120.
7%
'z
7\
7\
Cookin
| "Trench
In
\ T"
'2.00
t
t'
i
i
. 2 , QQ.
" i
0.10 .
Fig. 12
' , .
The width of "the trench will vary "with the number of moss k i t s
t o be hung dn'the 'c:,-osspiocc For example, when four .or five
arc used, the width v a i l "be 50 to 60 centimeters'. The length
w i l l be 20 centimeters t o each crosspicco; thus, the entire
length w i l l be determined by the number of crosspieces to be
used. However, for the"convenience of cooking, i t w i l l .be'
limited to two rooters.'
The depth of the trench measured from the top of the embank
ment to the bottom of the tronch should be as follows:
/I/hen using charcoal 'as fuel
' about 40 cm.
iihon using,'wood as fuel
about 50 cm.
Ifi/hon using fuel that is brought along, the distance between
moss k i t and fuel should be about 3 cm.
If necessary arrange the support so a s ' t o ' p r o t e c t the c r o s s
p i e c e . The embanfc'nont should bo so constructed as to follow
the course'of the"tronch.
Supports for crosspioces w i l l consist of e i t h e r simple tripods
constructed of bamboo or twigs, about 50 cm. in length, or of
161
forked branches and such, which are to .bo driven into the
ground. .
m
A-5aa
..ltt
Fig, 13
121. Kitchen Dot a i l for Field Cooking with Moss K i t s .
Generally one cooking section w i l l bo composed of 10 men
(cooking for 60 men) selected each day in t u r n s . .
Special d u t i e s :
.
, ...
..
One officer (pr warrant officer).-, i n gdrjcral cdnpna.ndv
Ono NCO t o a s s i s t ' t h e officer and take charge of cooking..-:
F i r s t s'top (unt.-il preparation for cooking begins)
Ration'and fuel d e t a i l -? -------..-: - 6 men
Hoss kits'''and canteens collect ing d e t a i l - 2. men
Detail t o prepare cooking, place -.-_ -.
:2 non
Second stop"'(cot)kin^ propagations)
; .'
Rice and barley d i s t r i b u t i o n d e t a i l - Z men
Side-dishes'distribution detail
*-*.-- 3 mon *
Fuol d i s t r i b u t i o n d e t a i l '
- , - - 1 man
Fire kindling r.nd niscollanoous d e t a i l -*r>
3 mon
Third step (cooking)
Main dish detail
6 men
Clean up detail - - - . -
----r.-^>- l
122.
Cook the.main dish and the side dishes at the sane tine*
Chinese pots have'a certain offensive snc/ll ard an. oily film*
The easiest no thud of removing, this is to wash i t with laundry,
soap before i t is' used, . Another method is to boil water in
i t once before i t is used. S t i l l another nothod is to rub
salt on the inside >-f the pot.
Thoso pots rz.y. be Wull used during the winter t.o cobk side
dishes * t.I -re -vor, i t is important to boil a largo quantity
of h t water prior to co-lcin^* Yfnen wash in, the rice, add
sonc of this hot water to the rice washii^ water until luke
warm. This will facilitate the process of washing the rice*.
Peculiarities of cooking r.ico (with the Chinese pots)
It.vd 11 take less tine to. cook rice in a Chinses pot thaia in
a Japanese pot* Since the pot cannot be removed from the
cooking stove, the fire must be carefully watched (use a
strong fire until the pot b'oile over)* Furthermore, whn
cooking, rice, in the. Chinese pot, because tho pot is shallow
and has no fixed capacity, do not nu sure the amount of water
by the depth of the water above the rice; but always measure*
i t out in prop or tier, to the amount of r i c e . Since Chinese
Pleasuring cups vary ^rer.tly from place to place, use the mess
kit as a measuring, cup*
Provisions for buckets, p a i l s , etc*
Chinese households have few ut-ensils such as buckets or pails,
.and i t is very inconvenient when one wants to use warn water.
.Therefore, have- the field trr.in carry 2 buckets and 2 dippers
for each platoun and i t will be most convenient to have them
.issued at thu time the materials are distributed to each
platoon. However, households in i:ar-churia generally have 1
or 2 larg^ basins (l^-r-2 gallons) and a large dipper (called
suihyo) made of gourds*
124*
Miscellaneous
Use of kaoliang stalks as fuel.
^ 164
TIME FOR
PREPARATION
/linen using l n s i a e
pots.(9 pots, 6
cookstoves)
50 n i n .
20 min,'
4 h r s , 30 min.
50 m i n .
40 min.
3 h r s 30 min.
- 165
Proccduro
15 n i n .
Proparation
Two mods with innor noss k i t
22 min
17 .nin.
Cooking
St.oo.qing
7 nin.
44 n i n .
39nin. ,
Total
- 166
.'
FIGURE XIV
MOVEMENT OF SUPPLIES TO THE OUTPOST IN THE VICINITY OF
Sentry Group
(under NCO)
[1 Plat of
3rd Co.
1 Plat of 2nd Co
1 Plat of 3rd Co
1 Plat of MG
Aerial OP
Distribute at 0800,
Field.
Trairf"">
1st Troop less 2 plats
(7 squads)
3 squads of 1st Troop
OUTPOST
Field Train.
SUPPLY ORDERS:
1. The various supplies will be distributed from 2400 on. The evening
meal of the outpost reserve will be cooked separately for each company
while the others will be prepared by joint cooking.
'2. In order to supply the necessary personnel for joint cooking, the 4th
Company will assign
3.
will be assigned as guides for the field train.
4. After issuing provisions and forage to the intendance officer at the
position of the outpost reserve, the field train will
.
Instructions to the Intendance Officer:
1. The quantity and variety of the distributed supplies, their allocation
and use, and the list of menus will
.
2. The time for distribution of food on joint cooking basis will be
.
3. Cooking of the evening meal for the outpost reserve will be
.
4. Bivouac materials
.
5. Field train
.
Supplementary instructions: Necessary supplies will be procured and
classified as follows: Rice
, Barley
,
,
.
D r a w n in C a r t o g r a p h i c Section, D i s s e m i n a t i o n Unit,
M I D
Fig. 14
167
126. Kitchen Layout for Cooking with. Mess Kits of Company X in the
Vicinity of XX.
(night of (date) )
V'
127
Pi
H
+3
O I"
CD
PH
4^
H
Pi
fO
d
H
cO
di
K I,!T C E E
1 water
drai n ! di st i 11 e i r
/\
H
CD
/I.
.
II
.tablo
/ f plo.co for !
i fu^J.
water
fuel pot
G F O I O R OE OP OL O AOC ^ ^
d -Tih"
hot
Yiater
7,'.'
~i r
-' U
distributing place
CQ
H
CO ci-H 4J CQ CD
CD
""CO
r ir? ,-Q ,O
% U &j O
CQ
. Ki +3
CO O - H
rH t ; CO
1
Hri^ r ^
g
f, " j ^
OJ-H O
& r-H CD 0 , CD IS'- +i rM
CD
H
l~"f
CO O CD pr4
W
CD
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CQ H CO
P- O
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H
H H WJ re!
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A
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CO Pi
CD
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ri
w cci
cp
-d
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CO 05
<H CD
r d O: CD Pi rQ p . .,_,
EH f 4 3 H p
H
l H
S
/
H O tij
p- ^ - P O y !t-i P'
p
a
- 169
in
CD
>
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to
re!
fH
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p-l
CHAPTER 5
FIRING
SECTION I
II
Paragraphs
128-132
133-15?
Infantry
Artillery
NI
128.
1.
Overhead f i r e
It is possible to execute overhead fire rlien friendly troops
are rithin a range of 150 meters and Then the line of sight passes
more than 3 meters above their heads.
OF
2.
Gap fire
It will "be necessary to leave an interval between the line of
sight and the flanks of friendly troops as shown in the diagram
below.
^ rM'4'',' / f r A?'
/.c-5-S
/ c ' . ^ /V//M-1
7h'AN 50 M \
- 170
129.
- >*ii e r-.> r I . v
^L^
_JLLJL-
)T7?/777777'/;/}/////,
7T7//P/////
. _ TT""
, ace"1 - -
VT
v Tyji''W
" 3r>c wi
171
3oc
3.
[
f R1 t.K: nLV f ROOPJ \ V
A \ oftI "f h A H *,0C A ' \ E ~ * R 3
130. Overhead Fire of High Angle Infantry Guns over Friendly Troops
and Obpt^cle 13 .
- 172
t~!
.Y TROOP?
"y
2.
ff>
I
i-OHGEP.. ~ - '
a
131. Overhead -.nd Gap Firing of the 3attalion, the Regimental, and
the Rapid ifirinii Gun
1.
Overhead firing
(-R'EMi:>y
f~ ~ --
\ TARGET
-*j
I* "
t THAN (
Note:
(1)
- 173
2.
Gap firing
Note:
parenthesis ( ) indicate
Regimental Guns.
3.
Battalion Gun
Note:
1
D - 10 a
II...-. .D - 5 a
III....D r 3' a
a.;
I. II
Powder charges .
::
I V . . . . . D -
b.
2 a
' '
'.
'!
Regimental Gun
D - 20 a.
'"
Battalion gun
Instantaneous fuze ;
Delayed action fuze;-*
1
1000 m e t e r s . . . . . . . . . S00 meters
600
300'
II
III
200'
con,?ider?tion unnecessary,
IV
100]
b.
Regimentql gun
Deleyed action fuze':'
Effective rithin 2500
meters, but projectilemay ricochet.
Instantaneous -PJL
Effective over approximately 1000
meters.
Note:
(1)
(2)
: '
'
.- 174
132.
Armament s
Effective
range
Rear
sight
(clov.)
Rifles and
Ordinarily
light machine within 600
guns
meters
Aiming point
When a plane i s beyond
the effective
U l i V
300
\J -L.
V <S
i . CJ_iiR^V/
500
Ordinarily
within 1000
meters
300
600
800
1000
600 m
200 m
Heavy ma
chine gun
1000 m
rpiiifo.
Though the
I t i s possible
outline of theto d i s t i n
plane can be guish the i n seen, each
signias and'
wing struts,
j>art i s indistinguisha and identify
ble.
the various
parts of the
plane.
I t i s possi
ble to count
the crew members and to
distinguish
t h e i r head
gear.
SECTION II
ARTILLERY
133.
1.
a.
b.
c. Calculations
about 11 hours after the beginning of the
field work.
(With (4) survey details locate about (10) base points.
Headings of horizontal movies nr'e -taken once. In "base line
surveys fore sight and "ba6>: sipht readings'will "be taken. .
twice.)
2.
- 176
134.
^aCe
covered by shrapnel
>
^--Within t h i s
fa one, shrapnel does
t- Length j of
not possess suffi
effective , area
cient power against
(personnel
gflllL
Shrapnel density
great in t h i s area
(meters)
Depth (meters)
guns
^^\^>*^i
3000
5000
200
100
20
150
50
.15
II
200
100
III
100
50
IV
50
Field
Artillery
Mountain
Artillery
155 mm
7000
50
25
20
Koivi t z er
105 mm Gun
155 m m Gun
,
Note:
20
500
200
100
25
400
350
300
35 .
- 177
136.
Type of guns
Field and
Mount ain
Artillery
105 mm
gun
Effective radius
in direction of
flight
20 meters
30
50
155 mm
gun
100
forward radius.
Not e:
137.
155 mm
how
TYPE OF
SMELL
OF
GUNS
FLARE
SkOKE SHELL
Width
of
Smo ke
Screen
Persistency
Persisof
tency Illumination
Speed of
Descent
Area of
Illumination
Field and
mountain
art il iery
guns
30 m
1 rain
155 mm
how
100
2 min
30 sec
105 mm
gun
50
1 min
30 sec
NOTE:
This i s applica
ble when the
wind velocity is
either 3 or 4
meters per second
(approx. 7 miles
per hour)
20 sec
1-15 m
per sec
Approx.
100 m
meters.
- 178
158.
Kind of shell
Nature of
ground
Shell
{common)
Ordinary
soil
Armor
piercing
shell
ifote:
1
* '
139.
' '
Di ?onet er
Depth
20 D
25 D
5 D
6 D
Concrete
'
"DOsfible de
structive
effect of a
shell
2 D
3 D
structure
"
'
'
'
'
"
"
'
4D
6 D
t
1.
2.
'
Penetrating Maximum
depth of
power
Shell crater
'
'
"
of f i r e in
i
- I ' .
.'/ OR 17 0 V TA L PI A Mr.
D -
15 a No."3
12 a ::o. 4
9 a IMO. 5
- 179
(l) Method of 'determining (A) gun position (field artillery) when the
Therefore:
a = i2L = 25 #i
40
a r 25 jd = h/d x 1000
Therefore the gun position will be 400 meters in the rear of the
obstacle.
artillery)
Determine*"a" first.
terrain.)
with d = 200 m
. . . .
- 180
FIELD ARTILLEIS"
XftNy
20
40
60
MOUNTAIN ARTILLEIS"
30
100
\Hm
Xm\
20
40 , 60
100 1000
100 760
970
200
soo
200
580
850
300
800
400 530
760
400
700
200 490
710
500
aoo
400
500 460
1000 310
670
1000
1500
2000
300
200
500
700
900 1000
1500
360
400
550
700
800
200
2000 120
500
270
80
100
830
640
950 1050
760 860
500
400
600
500
700
590'
Application of Chart
1. The retractable distance X is obtained in order'to direct fire
the distance' of 7'D" beyond the cliff when the ground: on top .and at
the base of the cliff i s generally level
Hypothesis:
H - 40m
D - 1200m
X - 200m
Hypothesis:
H - 20m
X = 300m
D - 800m
D = 530m
141. The Length of Defiladed Space When the Line of Guns i s in the
Rear of a Cliff Lined with Trees
(simplified method)
_^r.
>
- 181
But,
and-
Hypothesis:
a
d
hf
h
d -r D1
D'+D"
- minimum elevation
- 1000m
= 10m
- 20 m
- X
=D
Then,
\
143".' Height of Defilade" Required t'b GoncealFlaSh rO'f Ouns
'
>
'
'
'
' 'The minimum height' of defilade required to- conGeal the flash of
guns i s the distance between the a r t i l l e r y piece and the l i n e of sight
ing from the enemy. I t v a r i e s according -to- the types of guns as
follows:
Field," Horse, and Mountain A r t i l l e r y pieco....4m
!155mm Howitzer..
105mm Gun.'.'
6m
....
5m
- 182
Mountain Artillery
5X(X-f 4)
7X(X-j- 5)
10X(X> 2)
13X(X-j- 3)
Example:
Hypothesis,
Range - 2.5km
Field Artillery
T(sec)
T(se.c).
^ J L i J l _ ..,.Heavy Artillery
4X - 3
T(sec) = 4X - 1
1.
(answer)
146.
(answer)
Field Artillery
Mountain Artillery
h x
^ x ^ FA
100
100
h - -h x - L . x - 2 - MtA
- ^
100
100
d distance between a r t i l l e r y
ajid fri-endly troops.
^
j
L/
- 133
'f
Example:
The distance (D) between the a r t i l l e r y and the enemy i s i
2000 m,
|
The distance (d) between the a r t i l l e r y and friendly troopjs
i s about 1800 meters.
-.
,The height of the t r a j e c t o r y over the friendly troops is:
h -
2.
l22
100
100
Notes concerning overhead firing
-
m
m
answer;
a. Overhead firing over friendly troops who are within 300 '
meters of the gun and not protected from our fire by terrain '
or construction works should be avoided as much as possible. :
b. When friendly troops are about 150 meters from the target:
at a firing range of 2000 to 3000 meters, shrapnel fire at
!'
the standard height of burst may be carried out without
if i t is 'accurate and the tangent, sights are set properly.
c. Field or mountain artillery shells passing more than one \
meter over the heads of friendly troops will not cause any . j
physical damage.
'
: 'r>"
,'d. When .obtaining "h" (height in. meters) by the above formu
la, i t is necessary to fix the height above the heads of the
friendly' troops in positions to the arc ..line connecting the
muzzle-and the point of impact.
.Field orjMountain
Minimum Approachable
Distance
(meters)
105mm Gun
155mm Howitzer
200"
(Shell)
250
Shrapnel)
'250
(Shell)
300
(Shrapnel)
Not e:
1.
2.
-,184
147.
Target
Situation
and
Purpose of
Firing
Exposed
When planning for
annihilation
Cover ed
Against personnel f i r i n g from behind, f o r t i f i
cations
Neutralization
Annihilation
Guns
Field
and
MtA
Ammunition
and
Fuzes
Number of
Rounds Re
quired (per
hectare
2.5 acres)
R
e
m
a
r
k
s
155inm
How
155inni
Gun
Fi eld
and
MtA
105mm
How
105mm
Gun
100-150
40-60
80-120
Neutralization
Less
than
12 per.
min
Practically same as
Practically same as
the number required to the number required to
annihilate exposed
neutralize exposed
personnel-.
personnel.
147.
(continued)
Target
Situation
and
Purpose of
firing
Guns
Ammunition
and
Fuzes
Number of
Rounds Re
quired ( p e r
hectare
2.5 acres)
R
e
m
a
r
k
s
Interdiction Fire
Movement .of
concentrated f i r e '
.Absolute .
Temporary
check" (an
chock
nilation)
155mm howitzer
105mm "Gun.
Standing
Barrage Fire
Annihilation
Interruption of
Communicat ion
To cut off an To cut off,
element of u absolutely
f
nit passing
traffic at
through a
a certain
certain, point point
105mm Gun
Corresponds ..to .
t h e l e f t column
Fire several
tines having each
1. - During a
Approx. 200
rds. FA shells
per hr per
hectare for
every point
that should
be .checked.
Harassing
fire
Usually based
upon the neu
tralization
fire against
exposed per
sonnel .
148.
Shells Required to Make Uniform the Density of Effective Fire with Time Shrapnel
At several ranges
At a single range
155 mm Gun
03
O
o
o
13
Note:
1.
This chart i s based on the table of average height of burst. The chart i n d i
cates the number of rounds required f o r one ( l a t e r a l ) direction, when t h e
width of d i s t r i b u t i o n of f i r e i s 25 meters f o r f i e l d , horse, and mountain
a r t i l l e r y guns and 30 meters for-other guns.
2.
3.
149.
Ammunition Required to Make Uniform the Density of Effective fragments in Firing Field Artillery and
Piercing Shells
\
Field, Horse,
Mountain Art.
Firing (with
in 5000m)
Common
shell
Several
Ranges
Single
Range
Not e:
Armor
Piercing
shell
155mm Howitzer
(within 5000m)
105mm Gun
(within 6000m)
instantaneous
Delayed Action
{ri cochet)
2.5 low
angular fir
2.0 high
angular fire
calculated by taking the .average density between each limit of the "bracket-.
When firing for effect at a single range, calculate by taking the deviation of each;
fragmentation distribution in front and in rear uf the point of impact of all -projectiles
150.
Shielded ArtilleryPersonnel
Dismounted Troops
T
a
r
g
e
Mount ed
Troops
Area of
Time
Shra'onel
(Square
meters)
Area of
Shell
(Square
net ers)
e
e
1
n
e
CD
ID
t
d
i
n
g
r
0
Personnel
Firing
from
behind
Emplace
ments
Tii/hen
When
Firing
from
Flank
Firing
from
Direct
Front
1/2
1/5
1/3
l/3
1/10
1/10
1/8
1/4
151.
zio
n
0.1
0 . 2
0 . 3
0 . 4
14
20
25
30
34
38
42
0.5 ,
-6 j
6.IP
0.9
"T,.o
1.1
Shell
46
. . 50
54
Note: J
Z%
Shrapnel
1.2
-5
10 ' 1.3
_j
,
z%
57
42
45
47
50
52
55
57
58
61
63
66
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
60
62
66
22
69"
L 25
28 "1. 1 . 8 1
32 'Li.'9~1
2.0
34
37. "2Y3J
2.2
40
72
74~
76
^
78
80
82
Shell
Shrapnel
Zio
14 L 1-4
1.5
18
1.6
1.7
Shell
Z$
Z%
84
3.0
92
57
69
71
73
75
76
77
78
3.5
4.0
" 95
96 '.
84
89
[2.?-
>
86
87
88
89
2.8
90
' 2.9 r- 9 1
"
~\
p
of confuting the required rounds of ammunition.
(Using paragraphs 147, -148, 149, and 150)
. ..;.
. /,
Example: To determine the number of rounds required by one .
battery of f i e l d a r t i l l e r y t o inflict 50$ casualty upon hostile
infantry in prone position directly in front at 100 meters j
Providing t h a t : The firing range - approx. 30Q meters ;
Number of ranges t o fire
- 2
i . ^
Width of distribution (of-fire)--- - 25-meters :--
Kinds of p r o j e c t i l e s
shrapnel
(shell)
^
=
Calculation: (numerals in parenthesis indicate.the
|
number of shells)
In order t o make the average density uniform at a
range of 3000 meters when firing at several, ranges, one gun '
(paragraph 151)
I
-' 190
152.
FA or
(MtA) Gun
Ordinary
Shell
Clas-\
Spi der
Wire
(lQm i n
depth)
Doubleapron
; Fenc e
(8m in
.depth)
Concertina
Spiral
(8rn i n
depth)
^^^^1
10
155 mm.
liow
105 mm
Gun
Armor
Piercing
Armor
Piercing
Shell
Shfi^.1
15
15
2000
100 (100)
.3000
200 (200)
100
4000
300 (300)
150
200
5000
400
200'
250
6000
550
300
300
Same a s
spider
wire
Approximately 1/3 of
spider wire
Aoprox.
1/2 o f
spider
wire
Note:
1. This chart shows t h e ammunition required for continuous
' range.
20.
- 191
153.
Type of
Fortifi
cations
Covered
Machine
Gun Em
placement
S h e 1 t
- i
e r
j
j
i
Outline
Of".
Fortifi
, cations
Cover cornposed of 4
layers of
logs 25cm
i n diame
t e r and
embank
ment 65cm
thick
Shelter composed of
a gravel layer lm i n
Concrete
width, a d i r t layer
cover
,
- t e r . Shelter may a l
so be of concrete lm
in thickness.
Light
Shelter
Type
of Gun
FA or
MtA Gun
' . F A o p
"
"
'
240mm
How
155mm Howitzer
-ifftA- Gkui'
j
Type
of Shell
Delayed ac
Combina
tion fuze
tion fuze
attached to attached to
'. shell
shell
Number of
Rounds
A-tryrin
n-nrf-n-
25
Complete
destruc
tion
Complete
destruc
tion
Complete
destruction
several
rounds
Armor
iereing
- shell
l'
--
Effect
Note:
Creates
. large
c rack s
- 192
Pierces
through
roofs and
walls
154.
Ammunition f o r Smoke S h e l l F i r e
Type
Frontage
of
assigned
Gun
FA and
MtA Gun
i fired by one
gun to lay
minute f i r e d
I by one gun t o
to one
a smoke
maintain a
battery
screen
smoke screen
100m
(During e
mergenci es
400m)
155ram
How
200m
105mm
Gun
150m
6
12)
2
(6)
1. 100 rounds
for a battery
of field or
mountain ar
t i l l e r y to
'
cover a front
of 100m.for 10j
minutes.
j
2. Add 100
j
rounds for
i
each 100m ad- :
ded to the
frontage.
2/3
1 1/2
Kote:
This chart is computed on a 3.meter per
second wind from 3 o'clock or 9 o'clock.
- 193
155,
Flares
Type of Gun
Artillery Gun
Note
156.
tinue illumination
Average Number of Antiaircraft team it ion Required t o Shoot DOTOTI an Enemy Plane .
Altitude .
Number of rounds
Number of Guns
24
50
80
14
157.
A.
Destruction Fire
1.
Purpose
,
To take advantage of an unguarded moment against a minor
moving objective and to destroy it swiftly by a cover of dense
gas clouds.
2.
Targets
a. Artillery position
b. Observation posts
c. Machine gun positions
d. .Skirmisher trenches or intersections of communication
trenches, etc.
3.
100
50
25
4.
Remarks
'
. I t is- necessary t o make a thorough preparation by t h e
employment of a l l observation techniques t o swiftly open a
concentrated f i r e so that f i r e may -cease usually mittiin a
minute.
B.
N e u t r a l i z a t i o n Fire
1.
Purpose
To cover a desired area with gas clouds and t o compel
t h e use of gas masks for several hours, hindering enemy
maneuverability.
2.
Targets
Minor Targets
a.
b.
c.
d.
Observation posts
Artillery positions
Vital points of conmunication trenches and skirmisher
trenches
The passage through deep ravines of forests, etc.
Major Targets
a.
b.
- 195
3.
100
50
25
4.
Remarks
Surprise f i r e concentration with approximately half the
number l i s t e d above w i l l be executed. Thereafter, repeat
f i r e on the same target v-ith the remainder of the s h e l l s .
The time and the number of s h e l l s required for t h i s repeated
f i r i n g should be i r r e g u l a r . In case a target covers a wide
area, i t should be divided into one or more hectares and
f i r e should be in succession from the windward side.
C.
Purpose
2.
Target
.Areas desirable for contamination by gasforests, bridges,
entrances to v i l l a g e s , intersections of roads and narrow
paths.
5.
4.
100
50
25
Remarks
In order to gas a desired area, i t i s necessary to drop a
s e r i e s of shells uniformly within that area. Fire should be
continued t o maintain a gas concentration.
- 196
CHAPTER 6
Paragraphs
SECT I OK I .
II.
Aircraft
Gas
.
.
III.
.Tanks
IV.
S e a r c h l i g h t -.:
158-166
-167
168-170
171
SECTION I
AIRCRAFT
158. Important Data on M i l i t a r y A i r c r a f t
"\Typc of
Fighter
Re c onnai s sanc e Li&ht
^"\t)lane
Bomber
Spoci- ^ \ ^
Ceiling
7,800 m
Heavy
Bomber
5,000 m
10,000 m
8,000 m
5,000 m
in ti min
5,000 m
in 20 min
Maximum
3peed(Km/hr)
550
240
300
200
Duration of
flight (hrs)
2i
&
Carry bombs
occasionally
Bomb load
ab out
500 kg
Bomb load
about
1,500 kg
Rate of climb
Rema rks
4,000 m
5,000 m
in 15 rnin in 30 min
Guards in trenches
Group of mounted and dismounted troops
Deployed troops and skirmishers
Guns and vehicles
Column on road or infantry or cavalry smaller
than a company or troop
Type and number of cars in a t r a i n
(column of cars)
Line of each independent trench
Large column of Army transports
- 197
160.
Specifications
Remarks
Amount
Envelope:
Overall length
Kaximum diameter
Buoyancy
27 mtrs.
8 " .
1100 km(apprca)
Ascensioji power
ifVind velocity
within which a
balloon can be
raised'
250 km(appro>0
20 mtrs
per. sec.
Ascension Altitude
100 kilograms
of sand bags
Maximum
25 Vntrs
1200 r-trs
. . ' '
Favorable obser- .
v,ation area .
' "*
..Gas cylinders
161
Within radius
of 15 km
180
40 min(appr)
'
"
'
20
1 Officers 4 N.C.O.'s;
7 ,Superior P r i v a t e s ; 50 privates
Total; 62
- 198
Single
Stereoscopic
Vertical
Successive overlapping
Single
Single
Crosswise
Stereoscopic
- Oblique
ial
Photogr aphy
Composite
Successive oblique
Lengthwise
Crosswise
Composite
Circumferential
oblique
L62*
Purpose-
Estimate
of the
terrain
Estimate of
enemy
situation
Preparation of
topographical
map
Substitute
for map
Situation
1. Landing point
(selection of river
crossing point)
! Crosswise
successive
Lengthwise
successive
and
oblique
Mosaics
3. Crosswise
successive
Tiajor engagement
Vertical and
oblique reduced
mosaics
a. battle
1.
.2.
3.
4.
Estimate of vessels
Estimate of troops
Estimate of positions
Estimate of works or
other construction
2. Correcting maps
Vortical or oblique
photographs taken
to the necessary
scale
Corrected and re
vised vertical
mosaics of required
scale
- 199 .
165
F.0.25
I n t e r v a l between
courses H/3
13 x 18
I n t e r v a l botweon
exposures H/4
H i s the photographing
altitude.
Both vertically & horizon
t a l l y the successive photo
graphs should overlap by -g
to form a mosaic*
For a F050 camera the
values to the loft must be
divided by (2) The maximum
error by this chart is
l/25
Depth
Central
width
B
Nearer side
depth
D
45'
35
1.5H'
2.511
20'
- 2--H
. 8H
F.025
I n t e r v a l between
courses H/2
18 x 24
I n t e r v a l between
exposures H/3
Vertical
Angle
Oblique
- 200
0.35H
Photographing
horizontal
distance
:
A
H_
CU.ZH..._,
1.7H
1 . 4 H "'- ;>-
1.8H
164.
165.
General
Methods
Horizontal
of
Low
Bombing
Altitude
Dive
Single
Methods
bo released
Desired pattern
bombing can be
executed by these1
of
Simultaneous
Dropping
of bombs simultaneously
use of single
Bombs
Succossivo
intervals
- 201
planes or forma-
tions of planes
166
Target
Typo
"
Fragmentation
Light , ,
Demolition
Modium
Demolition
Heavy
Demolition
Armor
.Pioroing
Effect- of Bombing;
1 Upon impact the fragmentation bomb will burst with a tremendous
report, inflicting casualties to personnel and animals and'at tho
same time producing a violent concussion. Within tin effective
diameter .of 60 to 70 meters, a l l inflarnablc objects wil.l. burst
into flames because of the bomb's intenso hoa.t*. ;
2t Upon bursting after penetration, a demolition bomb croatos a
shell crater and demolishes the objects that are h i t . Yiihen thero
is slight penetration, the bomb produces concussion and causes
;
...
"groat damage to installations
3 | Besides the above, the bombs havo groat psychological effect,
produce burns, and emit poisonous fumes*
N oto s
1. The probable error in bombing is about 30 motors. (The errors
bombs t
will vary according to the altitude and the. terrain of tho targot.
- 202
167.
Classifi
cation
Agents
Yperite
Characteristics of Principal
State &
color
Characteristic
.odor -^
Liquid
solorless Mustard
Vesicant
Lewis Liquid
,Ge'ranite
j'olorless
. ium
Lung
Irritant
persis
tency
Iri-
Persis
sol
tent
Sol
Fers is
tent
Solid
.Lachry Chloromatdry aceto- jolorless Pungent
phonone
Benzyl
Liquid Same as
bromide jolorless above
1 Sternu
:
-tatory
Toxicant
Blisters
skin,irritates eyes
Sol
Semi-'
Acrid
ChloroLiquid
In persis
like:
Physiological Effects
Besides blistering the skin and inflicting injury,
i t als cf ."'atta'cks. the eyes and the respiratorv and d i
gestive organs* - kater/tr development of symptoms'*
irritates
DJon
Affe'cts the respiratory organs violently and causes
persis <
tory
system
bronchit is_, or pneumonia
tent
& attacks
the lung a
Non
causing
Same as
death by'
Sol
\
rsi
above
suffocation
ent
Gas
Rotting
Phosgene [jolorless Compost
Diphos- Liquid
colorless
gene
SOL
In-;"
s ol pers is
tent
Insol
IT on
crsi
tent
Irritat&s
ophthal
molo^ical
membrane',
causing eyes
to; water,
temporarily
obstructing
vision . .
catin.and.emetic.effect
Causes ..irritation and burning of the e3res and obstructs vision* I t also affects the mucous irenibrane
and the-sk-in and causes acute pain.
th'e nose
chloro- olorless less
sol
tent
&
throat"
arsine
& .causes
Solid
I r r i t a t i o n is le'ss than above v/ith somewhat delayed
lv"on
sneezing
Adam
odorSol
symptoms' of:viole"ht headaches and"'at times blistered
light
s
site
and
less
tent
skin.- .-; "
v
vomiting
yellow
; Affects the blood &
Strong
the nervous and respiratory
Prussic Liquid
nervous system^pois ons Affects
Sol persis 1
system; f a t a l .
"acid <tolorles.s almond
uand, kills-. the'; sri.e tLim
oii_r-
168,
Fation
SECTION I I I
Model
HP
TANKS
Operating G r o s s Wb <
Speed
Distance (metric
(km / hr)
ton}
V-type
(compound)
vadfat H t .
(m)
Armament
1-37 mm gun
5 - LIG
.29
Crew
Width of
Track(m)
Armor
(mm)
12
Great
Britain
C-type
11.5
New Hv Tank
Cadalus Lunar
France
track {atitrtotSeMt)
41
15
States
2-C
Medium Tank
(M24. ?)
Snyder, NC
Type No. 3
Medium Tank
1921 Model
Fiat 2000
Italy
Russia
Fiat 3000
Ev Tank
12
400(12
oyi
v
Liberty)
200(6
cyl.
Liberty)
240
$cyl.Fiat
70
1L0
3.6
5 body 5 . 0
54-track
5 (voter)
8-9
12(max)
1.8
18.5
10
54(6
2-15
cyl. Fiat 22 (max)
40 ?
2.1
3-MG
.1 med s i z e &in
1-37mm gun
1 - FG
10(hrs)
1.85 1.75
2 . 3 1.7
can carry
l-75mm gun
5.1
2.4 2.0
1-37mm gun
70
10.4
3.0 4 . 0
1-75mm gun o r
1-155mm u u n ,
1 2 - s u b MG
.5
150
'
72
40
1.8 2 . 2
10
3.7 2.7
2 ' .
75
40
7.4
l-37mm ^un
1 - MG
2-37mm gun
5 -MG
1-37mm g u n
2 - MG
3.1
l-65mm How
3 . 8 7-MG
1.6
2.2
4JS
180
15
*35
.''"-''
*lhi.
-fine--
/7-?,?f''c fire
2-3
1416
16
21
.85
15-22
1-35mm gun
2 - s u b MG
18
10(hrs)
120
1-MG
70
4
19
75
2.8
it,
20(whl)
5(trk)
20-25
60
7 . 8 -2.7
tflii,
. (roatf)
2x30
20
Type A-6,7 5
Type B-6.5 (less, L 8
90
Christie Type
Amphibian
(Naval Use)
United
110
2-M192S
F i a t MG
2-75mm gun
4-MG
40
i
22-36(?)
20-30
2
;
isn:7ihened A/
f>re3$iire .67
16
1
10
20
16-17
2
15
'
168.
(continued)
1Suspen Max. WM/L of
Nation
sion
.lirob
^mmuni
Fuel
tion(rds) (1/hr).
Great
35'
Britain
3.5
682
45
France
no spring
on track
Spring
.5
20
200
40
2.40
4.3
St at es
1.5
no spring
45
4.5
IStOO M$
1100
,53
Italy
Russia
other.
Spring
Spring
90
35*
45
United
Remarks
(m)
35
40
3.5
51
1.3
600 \ :
3640
(ille-.
gible)
* .
.....
. .54
(illegible)
169.
Nations
Model
HP
EarhadIt
85
61
150
100
36
150
Ammo
Armament
(&//*)
' /
Germany
Daimler
Austin
5.3
2.9
2.1
3.1
. ' - *
2 MG .
1 I G(reserve] 4-9 "
2 VG
(revolving
turret)
A
'
J
L-C 'ntfj.-LtnCi
4wheel
drive 200
4-9
.40
500 MG
40
France
Skoda
Grd
Type of
vmeel ftiel Clear
ance Re
marks
(M)
drive
4 wheel
32
drive 175
80
40
150-250
1 37mm- rapid
firing gun
4 speeds
Jlbrward
1 reverse
2.16 2.4
2" I-IG
(?)
3
5.5
shells
I
!
Covered
.27
wheel 150
Bucheroe
Hussia
Idinerva
!
1
Small model
I
Packard
Armored cars of ordinal Packard and Pierce Arrow models
<
*
United
States
Pierce Arrow
Christie
Great
Britain
XXXXX
90
35
48-64{Wr/>
32-48'*-^*/
13(water)
- Max.
52
5.4
less 5
irma*
5
2.3
1.7
Various types
to 75mm
1-5
Kun
2 iIG ,
Sach has s e 8
parate turrab
'-
Differs
ential
& brake
Amphi
bian
Used for
recon1naissance
170.
Net weight
2500kg
Loading capacity
personnel:
5,3m
1.6m
1/6
(9 ))
3 hours
24 km per hour
7m
.4m
NOTES:
1.
2.
171.
field searchlight
field searchlight
open type searchlight
gas searchlight
31on
4km
6km
400m
- 207
CHAPTER 7
* TRAFFIC ROUTES
Paragraphs
172
173
174
175-180
SECTION I
TEMPORARY MIHT-ARY ROADS
172.
USCLT
WEDXH O F ROAD
GRADIENT
RADIUS O F CUHViffURE
Dismounted, t r s i n
clra of f o u r s . Cav 2.5m
i n elm of twos.
Field A r t i l l e r y '
2.5m
Mt. Artillery:
limbered up
on pack h o r s e
1.5m
1 m
Hv FA
1/6(short straight
sections 1/4)
1/4(short s t r a i g h t
sections 1/2)
6m
Transport:
vehicle
pack horse
2 m
1 m
Motor Vehicle
3.5m
Track-laying Mtr
Vehicle
..
V8( s h o r t s t r a i g h t On f l a t ground
8m
s e c t i o n s .1/4) On s l o p i n g ground 20m
Based on FA
Based on MtA
Based on MtA
Based on Hv FA
On f l a t _ ground
15m
....
On s l o p i n g ground 25m
l/lO(short straight On flat ground
10m
.
. . s e c t i o n s . 1/6)
15m
8 0
i
^ 208
Meters
* 1.00
Cavalry
Meld Artillery
.'
.50
Mountain Artillerylimbered up
(80)
.40
.80
.50 .
.70
.80
.50
.40
.40
SECTION I I I
MOVEMENT Qti ICE
174.
Meters
. 1 0 . ..
.15
20
Mountain Artillery
.17
Eeavy Field A r t i l l e r y . .
,30
(1/3 of wheel)
.06
Three-ton truck.
(. 50) .30
Four-ton truck
(.50) .40
- 209
SECTION IV
CROSSING
175.
m a t e r i a l company.
2.
Assembly area
200m x 230m
Assembly point
150m x 150m
Bridge b u i l d i n g p r e p a r a t i o n s
Arrangement of joateriaj^: (2) hours in daytime, and approxi
mately Ts") hours at n i g h t , e s p e c i a l l y when i t i s necessary t o
work s e c r e t l y in unfamiliar t e r r i t o r y .
Approach (medium bridge) I t s width w i l l be (5) meters, and for
a d i s t a n c e of [5) meters from i t s s t a r t i n g point i t w i l l be
h o r i z o n t a l and s t r a i g h t , i^or f i e l d a r t i l l e r y , the average r a
dius of curvature w i l l be (4) meters and the gradient below
1/10. Construction of abutment ( l ) hour.
Personnel required i n r a f t c o n s t r u c t i o n :
Pontons
1 NCO
Bays
1 NCO
3,
12-18 p r i v a t e s
12 privates
Classification
Medium
Bridge
Heavy
Bridge
Section
Officers
Non-coms
Trestles
53
61
Pontons
55
61
Bays
49
55
61
70
47
55
Trestles
pontons
- 210
. Privates
Total
CLASSIFICATION Trestle
Bridge''
Successive'
Con
struc
tion
.
Time t o Dayt ime
erect
one
section
of
bridge
6 min
>
4-6
min
Successive
Construction of
Pont on
Rafts
Successive
Construction 8-10
,min
SUMMARY
Simultane
ous Con
struct ion
from both
shores
Construc
tion of
whole
bridge
30 min
9; min
12 min
30m
40m
'
Night
.Adaptable
Ponton
Bridge
6-8 1
;1Q-15 min
40 min
17 min
miii
1.
Numerical values df this, chart are based cin t h e actual operations of slightly skilled
personnel working on a river with a r a t e (Df flow of approximately (l) meter.
2.
A
Jx
K
S
The1 speed for simultaneous construction of t-he bridge from both shores i s computed
upon.;the time after departure of the raft from the shore of a river about (100)
meters wide with an average rate of flow.
3.
K
E
5.
176.
tion:
1 NCO, 12 men.
Rate of rowing:
The average of t he rowing speed on outbcund trips, return
t r i p s , and movement with the current when the rate of flow is (l)
meter, will be (l) meter per s econd. However, with a raft the
outbound speed will be (J-) meter per second and tte return speed
(l) meter per second.
3.
4 .
5 .
Branch of Se-rvice
Classification
Infantry
Iron Ponton
Loading
2 min
? Landing
1-1-| mi.a
Raft
2 min
1-lJ
min
-r 212
Cavalry
Artillery
3-4 min
4-6 min
lJ-2 min
2-3 min
10.
the river bank required for one crossing point plus the interval
between sections.
11.
Classificat ion
Branch of Serv
Loading Capacity
Raft
Ponton
..
Loading Method
1
Foot Troops *
40 men
1. For embarking on a
If railings
ponton, men "will, board
are set up
from the' bow in order
and personnel and .will sit holding
sculls, deduct
caused to
rifles pointed upward.
two men jjer each stand, i t is .2. To .board -arrsft
additional scull. " possible to
with .40 men to the' ,.'...
. carry 50-60- - ' rf"f," p er'sb line 1 wi 11;
men.
board in t'he format;lo.n.
..
o*f a column of fives
22 men.
If a ponton is
equipped with
more than two
4.
_;
close;'together."""With.
50- oiN 60 men to a
raft, ..p. arsonn!- will,; .;;,.
board"by"'formation of
columns of fives or
sixes and will stand
closely together.
....
- 813
Classification
Branch of Serv
Loading Capacity
Ponton
FA
HA
I'l) gun
(12) men
(10) boxes of am
munition
(2) t o o l boxes
5 or 6 men
and 5 or 6
horses
(1) gun,
(15) men,
(4) horses
(lO) "boxes
of ammuni
tion
(2) t o o l
boxes
Hv FA
MtA
Raft
Cavalry
Artillery
Loading Method
- 214
Classification
Branch of Serv
Loading Capacity
Ponton
Raft
Loading Method .
Transport
Wagons
- Pack Horses
1.
2.
173.
- 215
Minutes
00
00
Construction time
5
50
{Compare the time at the point of intersection of the night
construction line and the river width 140-meter line in the
f i r s t l i s t . ) Since the t o t a l i s 10 hours 50 minutes, the
bridge will be completed at 0550.
Example No. 2. Bridging preparations will be completed by mid
night and bridging of the river (500 meters wide) will be un
dertaken immediately, constructing 300 meters out from the near
bank and 200 meters out from the far bank. At what tine r i l l
the bridging from the near bank be completed?
According to Chart I*o. 1 a bridge of approximately 140
meters will be constructed by 0600 and a bridge of 150 meters
requires 4 hours and 23 minutes during daytime.
To construct the remaining 8 meters i t requires 14 minutes
during daytime; therefore, the time required v/ill bo 6 hours -f
4 hours', 23 minutes -\-14 minutes = 10 hours, 37 minutes, or
construction will be completed by 1030.
Example No. 3 . If the bridge in Example No. 2 is a strong medium
bridge, at what t imo will i t be completed?
Hours
10
Minutes
37
x 4/3 =
Hours
14:09
- 216
Loading
Landing
Infantry
2 minutes
2 minutes
> Cavalry
5 minutes
2 minutes
6 minutes
3 minutes
Artillery
- 217
will be the time required for the boats to go the 100 meters
and back. Therefore, in the case of a river 500 meters wide,
i1? w i l l require 15 minutes-)- (8 min x 4) or 47 minutes. Now
find out the time required to make one round t r i p over a river
500 met or s wide (- 7 min according to Chart No. 2). Computing
on the same principle used in Example No. .4: 7 minutes -f (4.
min x 4) = 23 minutes. 47 minutes -(-23 minutes = 70 minutes
( l hour , 10 minutes.)
.
i
',
However, in a situation where the number of pontons to : be:.
distributed to the various crossing points' is not at a maximum,
even though, instead of the figure 25 minutes, i t i r proper
to compute by taking the difference between the times of the:
f i r s t nnd the last ponton to leave in one complete cycle of'
continuous crossing, it i s r e l l to compute as VJG have mentioned
above in order to avoid complicated calculations.
Example No. 6. At what time will ono bridging material company'
be able to. conploto the construction of a medium bridge oyor;
a river 150 rosters wide, after having completed the fprrying
of nine battalions of infantry, three infantry machine., gun ;
companies, one troop of divisional cavalry, and one battalion
of field a r t i l l e r y across the river?
.
/
The crossing will start at 1800, and initially, i t .will., ; ;
u t i l i z e a l l pontons available and f^rry the infantry and ma
chine guns at one time. Then, the river" cro ssing'ppints'1 will
bo assigned, and the ferrying will be carried on,continuously.
Thereafter, construct ponton rafts and ftrpy across1 horses
and a r t i l l e r y . During this time construct abutmdnts (of ,
bridge), arrange bridging material and -complete all'propara--
tions for bridge building, and one hour after'the completion
of the crossing,, start the bridge constructioiji. ' I t is assumed
that i t i s possible to bridge 50 meters; fr'bm the far bank;
while bridging 100; meters from the near bank.1
According to Chart No. 3:
:
For nine Infantry battalions, (20 min + :4. min for the
combat train) x; 9
z 216 minutes
For three machine gun companies, ( 4 min -f
4 min) x 3 . .
../"
'
" 24 minutes
9 minutes
to Chart No. l)
715 minutes
TOTAL
Time
of
completion
0555,
hours 55 minutes.
715 minutes z
- 218
CHART NO. 1
PC.
A.
I
! !
i
\/
^y
1
]
<y\
*iQpy
'
I
/
rtTl<,
~y
Notes:
1.
--4
!
i
2.
CHART 1\D. 2
"I
7_
'
Ir
to
'
_
0'
it
.-
4
-f
!
5 s
A /
i_
7"
A-
y
/
f
!
At
'
~'o rn
.
1
CHART NO. 3
10
/.'J
/"
f'/j
HI
1/
/OO
-.
IK "
^7
k
M ^ 1-<f$ / /c ^
K.
LI.1 h *
fa $ "
A/
i'
v /
i
$/
f/
)
/A
vy
/
/
A
/
.!
Time for loading and landing of Infantly machine gun unit (minus pack
horses). For other units, time i s indicated in the- same nay.
Not es :
1
"
"* '
Type of
Boat
Infantry
font on
Raft
Raft
Cavalry
Field Artillery
(including
Raft
Ammunition
Train)
155 Howitzer
(including
Raft
Ammunition
Train)
0.3
31
0.4
48
0.3
- 222
180,
Uses
Construction
Model 91 Pneumatic
Model 92
Model 91 Pneumatic
Model 91 Pneumatic
Float (Small)
Float (Medium)
Light
Raft
Float (Large)
For
use
by
To carry horse and
To carry cavalry perFor infantry river
infantry,
mountain a r t i l l e r y
sonnel
and
saddles
crossingeither as
cavalry, or
including attached
and as support for
ferry or supports
engineer patrols
personnel and materi- for foot bridges
foot bridges
al '
In a l l these floats, the main body consists of a buoyancy bag made of rubberized cotton
;fabric, floor boards, and bracing. They are inflated into a boat shape. They can be
used in vrater where the rate of flo^ i s less than 2.5 meters. They should be handled
by personnel of the unit using them.
Construct plstforra
on two boat? using
using poles as oars.
Method of Carrying
Time
Weight (kg)
Personnel equipped
D
3 t rqop s ( inc. o ar smen)
Horse Artillery
O
3
Mountain Artillery
Sf
Saddles
O
Assembly
=>
&
-P
CD
r- i
E . + . ~f
f ! Ov/
' i ' 1 / S O .
30
74.5
46.8
12
10 (cavalry)
8 men:
25 min
15 Liin
5 (5)
Disassembly
0 arsmen (oars}
Speed in s t i l l water
az.
10
12
4 men:
5 min
4 min
4 (4)
1.20m .p er s ec ond
4 men:
4 min
3 min
4 (4)
2 min 15 sec
1 min 45 sec
1 min 37 sec'
2 min
1 min 40 sec
1 min 45 sec
1.1
1.0
1.1
2 men :
5 min
1 min
.2 (2)
1 min 45 soc
1.1
CHAPTER '8
CALLMDAR DAYS AND jffi- SPEERIC PHENOMENA .
181. ^Chart of Low'and High Tide (blackhigh t i d e , utiit e--low t i d e )
1.
2 .
3 .
0
1
2
3
1
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
Yokohama
Ishimaki
Hakodate
Niigata
Fushigi
0
1
1
3
2
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
01
16
02
01
75
min -\
min i
min >
min j
min )
182
Cities
Tokyo
August
0430-0442
0451-0507
1830-1846
1853.-19OO 1900-1851
1842-1819
0720-0649
0632-0604
0552-0534
0530-0529. 0533-0548
0555-0614
1818-1840
1851-1911
1920-1940
1945-2007 2014-2022
2022-2012
2003-1938
0713-0653
0642-0624
0616-0606 .0603-0606
0608-0617
0622-0621
1840-1853
1858-1908
1912-1921 1925-1936
1941-1947
1948-1943
1938-1922
0658-Q627
0613-0545 0534-0516
0512-0512
0515-0529
0537-0554
1759-1820
1830-1849
1858-1917
1925-1942
1950-1957
1957-1947
1939-1915
0532-0545
1929-1912
1914-1854
0455-0455 0550-0501
0509-0523
1915-1907
1858-1837
1745-1806
1818-1833
1723-1747
Rises 0720-0717
0711-0751 0640-0615
1902-1916
1922-1928
1725-1743
1753-1810
1818-1833
1840-1854
* Rises 0705-0702
0655-0634
0622-0555
0541-0516 0505-0450
1702-1720
1730-1750
1758-1814
1822-1838
1846-1900
1907-1914
Rises 0653-0647
0640-0616
0602-0532
0517-0449
0537-0419
0415^-0415 0418-0532
1641-1650
1702-1724
1734-1854
1803-1822
1831-1848
1856-1603
1904-1854
1845-1820
Rises 0706-0657
0648-0620
0603-0529
0511-0438 0424-0403
0357-0357
0400-0516
0427-0449
1614-1687
1650-1716
1729-1753
1804-1828
1840-1900
1907-1917
1917-1905
.1849-1805
...
..
Sets
Sapporo
July
1805-1814
Sets
Sendai
June
1711-1731 1739-1756
Sets
Osaka
May
1641-1700
Sets
Kumamoto
April
Sets
Keijo
ife.ro h
0639-0618 0607-0539
Sets
Taihoku
February
Rises 0651-0647
Sets
Dairen
January
Sets
0439-0457
182 (continued)
Dep.emb.er
Cities
Sun September
October
November
Tokyo
Rises 0515-0530
0538-0556
0606-0636 -0635-0648
1804-1735
1720-1654
1643-1630
Rises 6623-0640
0654-0714
0724-0747 0757-0810:
1923-1852
1828-1800
1748-1734 173.1>1737:
Rises 0635-0642
0648-0658
0704-0718 ; 0725-0737
Sets
1912 -185X
1835-1817
Rises 0603-0619
0632-0651
Sets
1900-1830
1808-1741
"1730-1716 "1714-1720
Rise
0555-0509
Sets
1835-1808
1755-1732
1723-1712
1711-1718
Rise
0535-0549
0557-0613
0623-0642
0651-0704
Sots
1817-1749
1735-1710
- 1701-1649
1647-1654
Rise
0510-0528
0535-0556
0607-062
0639-0652
Sets
1758-1728
1712-1644
1633-1619
1616-1622
Rise
0505-0527
0651-0705
Sets
1800-1725
1707-1635
Sets.
Dairen
Sets
Taihoku
.1^28^1634.
Note:
''**'' 1.
Keijo
Kumamoto
3.
Sendai
Sapporo
1622-1604 -160Q-1605
183
Cities
Hsinking
Sun
Kir in
0753-0734
0709-0643
0614-0548
0526-0507
0457-0456
1715-1733
1753-1812
1832-1851
1910-1928
1946-2003
2017-2024
Pases
0814-0809
0756-0738
0715 -0650
0623-0559
0538-0521
0512-0511
Sets
1730-1746
1805-1823
1841-1858
1916-1932
1948-2005
2017-2024
Rises
O8O8-O8OE
0748-0829
0704-0638
0609-0543
0521-0502
0453-0451
1711-1728
1748-1807
1827-1846
1905-1923
1941-1959
2012-2019
Rises 0815-0808
0752-0732
0706-0637
0607-0540
0516-0456
0445-0443
1704-1722
1743-1804
1825-1846
1907-1926
1945-2005
2019-2027
Rises 0831-0824
0807-0745
071-8-0648
0616-0547
0522-0501
0450-0447
1708-1728
1750-1812
1835-1857
1919-1940
2000-2521
2036-2044
Rises
0829-0820
0801-0736
0706-0634
0559-0527
0459-0436
0422-0419
1642-1703
1728-1753
1818-1843
1908-1932
1955-2018
2035-2044
Rises
0856-0847
0829-0805
0736-0705
0631-0601
0533-0511
0458-0455
1718-1738
1802-1826
1850-1913
1938-2000
2023-2045
2101-2110
Rises
0834-0829
0817-0800
0737-0713
0646-0623
0602-0546
0537-0536
1755-1810
1829-1846
-1904-1920
1937-1953
2009-2025
2037-2044
Rises
0813-0807
Sets
Harbin
Sets
Tsitsihar
Sets
Heiho
Sets
Hailar
Sets
Changto
.Tnnp.
l\feroh
Sets
Mukden
ApriX
February
January
Sets
May
183,
Cities
(continued)
Sun
July
August
October
November
0533-0551
0608-0626
0644-0703
0722-0742
0759-0810
2023-2012
1955-1931
1904-1835
1808-1743
1722-1707
1701-1704
Rises
0518-0531
0546-0602
0618-0634
0650-0707
0725-0744
0800-1811
2023-2014
1958-1S35
1910-1842
1817-1753
1734-1721 1719-1719
Rises 0458-0512
0528-0546
0603-0622
0639-0658
0717-0737
0754-0805
2018-2007
1950-1926
1900-1830
1803-1738
1717-1703
1656-1700
Rises 0451-0506
0523-0543
0601-0621
0640-0700
0722-0742
0800-0812
2025-2013
1955-1929
1901-1830
1801-1735
* 1712-1656 1649-1652
0610-0632
0652-0714
0736-0758 0817-0829
Sets
, 2042-2029
2010-1942
1913-1841
1811-1743
1719-1708
1654-1657
Rises
0428-0445
0506-0530
0553-0617
0640-1705
0730-1754
0815-0828
Sets
2041-2027
2004-1934
1902-1827
1754-1723
1657-1638
1628-1630
Rises
0504-0521
0541-0604
0625-0648
0711-0734
0738-0822
0842-0854
Sets
Rises
2107-2053
0543-0556
2003-2003 j
0610-0626
1932-1858
0641-0657
1826-1756
0712-0729
1731-1712
0746-0804
1703-1705
0820-0831
Sets
2043-2034
2018-1956
1932-1905
1840-1817
1758-1745
1741-1744
Sets
Sets
Sets
Harbin
Sets
CO
I
Tsitsihar
Heiho
Changte
Note:
December
Rises
0503-0517
Hs inking
Mi-ilrrlnri
September
On this tii__ ._
8th of the month and that on the right the 4 days from the 21st to the 24th of the month.
184.
1
0000
ISE57
HE,
(moose)
0200
0400
USI
(COW)
"0600
T0RA ' U
(tiger) (rabbit)
0 8 0 0 '
1000-:," j 1200
1400
1600
1800
HI
T3UXI "" BAHJ - TORI "
MI "' . ::-TJMA
TATStJ
(bird)
(dog)
( d r a - . .(snake) ( h o r s e ) (sheep) (monkey)
gon) " =
\
*">
2200
2000
I
(wild
boar)
OLD
; 9
8'
. .
"
' 8
A K A r
JESUEE
(daybreak)
10
\AKE
(dawn}
.ABA
(morn)
'HIRU .EIHI
(day) (day)
HIRU
(day)
TUBE
(evening)
KDRE
(twilight )
YORU
NOTE: Use'halves to call an uneven hour. .For example, 0500 is Called "Tora and half" or 7-J-.
185.
Method of Computing the Phase, of the Moon according to the Calendar Day
(a)
.Subtract 1911 from the year of the .Christian.Era, multiply the difference by 11 and
divide' the ...answer by 30.- We shall call this result^ "A."
(b)
YORU
(nite) (nite)
MOHEH
January
February j March
1
(No.)j
Jim
May
August
September October
November
.-i
4-
L.
The sum of "A," "B," 8r,d T'C" i s the phase of t h e moon for that day.
T-iote:
DO
December
(c)
July
10
186.
District
Period of Freeze
Period of Thaw
Harbin
Mid - April
Manchuria
Mid - May
Kokkawa
Early May
Hoei
Early May
to
NOTE: (a)
Although the flow of the rivers is generally great during the period of
thaw, the volume of water increases and decreases according to the
snow fall along the upper reaches of the river.
(b)
During the rainy periods of July and August the flow which increases
suddenly rises above the uaual
CHAPTER 9
LABOR
SECTION I..
II.
III.
IV,
V.
Paragraphs
187-189
190-193
194-197
198
199-200
187.
Field Artillery
Rifle
Bullet
Materii
Shrapnel
& frag
mentation
Whole
shell
Medium
Hard
Soil
Nor
Fill
Sand
0.6-0,8
Sand Bag
0.5
Mud o r God
Embankment
2.0
Packed Snow
0.4-1.0
B r i c k Wall
Shrapnel
& frag
mentation
2.5-3.0
VJhole
shell
4.5-7.0
8.0
0.8-2.0
0.3-0.4
Whole
shell
24 cm &
28 cm
Howitzers
1.0
0.5(o a k) 0.02-0.08
l.l(-Dine)
Wood
Field Howitzer
1.0-2.0
0.9-1.0
(Meters)
0.25
0.16
1.00
0.25
J..0 FLAT
TfiAJfCTORY
C O niC-H AWfct
TfcA? % C.TOR.Y
Concrete
Reinforced
Concrete
Steel Plate
Remarks:
0.10
0.45
0.3-0.8
0.1-0.2
0.3-0.4
0.0-0.02
188.
Radius of Demolition in Or
dinary Soil
3 0 cm iiOTTTitzer
2-2.6m
1-1.5m
1,5-2 m
Radius of Concussion in
Ordinary Soil
2.5-3
2-3 m
2.5-3 m
2.7-3 m
3.8-4 m
189.
Depth - 5ni
Howitzer of the FA
Depth - 8-15m
NOTE:
j.
Width s 15m
'
Width
70m
Radius = 150m
Radius 200-500m
SECTION II
190.
^ \ D i ame-t er
O f i K f i ^ t r e e Loss
OF MANr>!>4cirx) than
NE.3S o* rocutv
5-10
10-15
Crosscut
Hatchsaw
et
t i t . saw
1st
15-20
Mountain .Saw
Axe
20-25
Mt. saw
(msd.)
(medium)
25-30
30-35
35-40
Ivffc. saw
(mod.)
Mt. saw
(med.)
Mt. saw
(med.)
Two-man
saw
Two-man Two-man
saw " '
saw
More t h a n
- 40
Two-man
saw
Lsrn&l lL
Hand
axe
2nd
Axe
Mt. saw
(r.;.5d.)
Crosscut
saw .
Crosscut
saw
3rd
I
CO
Hand
saw
4th
Hand
axe
Katchet
M t , E3.7T
Axe (medium)
Crosscut saTT
I'-it. saw (siun.ll)
Two-man
saw
Axe
Axe
Axe.
l i t . saw
(m&d.)
Axe
Axe
(small)
Eand
Axe
TTfo-iiis.n s a w
Crosscut Crosscut
saw
saw
Hand Axe
5th
Remarks
Med. Lit.
saw
limit i s
90 cm
Since two men a r e required t o operate t h e two-man saw, f i r s t of a l l , the actual felling
time has been m u l t i p l i e d by. t r Q and then t h e r e l a t i v e m e r i t s of t h e sav; have* been com
pared with t h o s e of t h e o t h e r t o o l s .
191,
Time
Diameter (one medium mountain saw per
(cm)
person)
10 sec
3 . 5
6.5
50-50 sec
11
2-4 itt$&
1 min
18
5-7
min
2 min
20
6-9
min
3-5 min
30
10-13 min
5 min
40
15-19
8 min
min
"
than one f e l l i n g t o o l . )
- 235
192. Men, Equipment, and Time Required for Clearing Fields of Fire
Classification
I
CO
Number of men
Felling of t r e e s
(40cm-lm in diamet er)
Same as above
Felling of t r e e s
(20-50cm in diameter)
Cutting dense
undergrowth
Required
Implements
Time
axe,
saw,
wooden wedge,
10m rope,
2m rope.
8-15 min
(2) axes
10m rope
two-man saw,
10m rope,
(2) 2m ropes.
(3) hatchets
hand axe
7-15 min
1-2 hrs
Remarks
Diameter of Tree
Required Equipment
From 10-50cm
saw
Over 20cm
Saw an&;axe
Over 50 era
Calculating Method
p
D" -.minutes -required
p
0.8 D - minutes
required
. 2
1,2 DJ z rainutes,
required
Example
30cm in diameter
2
3 - 9 min
40cm in diameter
0.8 x 4 2
12.8 min
50 cm in diaiaet-er
1*2 x 5 2 - 30 min
194.
Fortification
Entanglement
Person
or
Type of Work
nel
Cutting and sharpening
pickets
Driving pickets
stretching wire
area of 100 sq.
Driving pickets
stretching v.lre
line of 100m
Driving pickets
stretching wire
area of 100 sq.
Spider wire
IDF Y/ire
.67
20
and
in an
meters
and
in a
R e m a r k s
40.00
80.00
and
in an
meters
"fef
12.50
i
Concerting!
Spiral Wire
Total
Elan hrs
reaui red
Time
Required
Construction
20
4.00
Construction
20
2.65
Construct ion
10
15
2.50
For length of 3m
0
0
40
35
2.00
1.75
30
1.50
30
2.00
40.00
1.30
Using r a i l cutters
Ribard Cylinder
Construction
of screv:
pickets
Collapsible
Barbed
Wire
Single Line Steel Post
(rail) Obstacle with
10m Frontage
long
medium
short
Construction
Construction
20
17hen
constructing many
M
O
03
g
g H
194. icontinued)
Shelter or
Emplacement
6-man
Light
Fig. 59
in manual
Fig. 60
in manual
Type
of
Work
Construction
V?
Medium. Tunneled
Medium Excavated
(Fig. 63 i n Manual)
Covered
Machine Gun
(Fig. 72 in manual)
Concrete
Covered
Machine
Gun
(medium cover)"
Concrete Block
P i l l Box
(Fig. 74 i n manual)
Standing Trench
with '25m Frontage
Enlarged Standing
Trench "with 25m f'i-onjvj.qe
;?
Person Time
Man hrs.
Required
nel
Hr Min (Total)
4
40
6.70
20
13.30
20
125 00
30
50 00
- 30 00 . 900.00
30
3000.00
i?
Remarks
1000.00
Construction
12
Construction
To spread a camouflage"" net
with dimensions between
15-2.0 meters souare
Rate of progress in tlie'
construction of a camou
flage net
15
1.25
40
20.00
.12
40
32.00
20
30
00
'
Classification!
Stake-making
Personnel
Equipment
4 ( i n c l . leader)
(4) Axes
(2)
Time
30 min
Construction
Clamp-making
2 ( i n c l . leader)
2 VJire-cutters
1 hour
.
..
j 2 groups of 2 men
Prepare for wiring
after completing
Construction j e a o h # - p r e p a r e f o r
Method
j wiring after complete job.
' ing j o b .
Remarks:
1. Total Personnel:
2+
Staking
-.1 NCO
10 pvts in two
gr oups
"Wire -laying
1 1TC0
12 Pvts in four
groups
Baled wire
(4) ife.tch.ets or
. Claw hammers
1 hour
2. hours
Stabilize wire
are planted
] parallel line.
Equipment
Tims
Preparing ground
Distributing
tnfeterial
10 Pvts.
1 Superior Pv
4 Pvts in two
groups
10 shovels
5 picks
hours(approx)
Fixing
i
2 saws
2 bolo knives
1 I\TC0
:
Remarks
Total Personnel
1 Officer
2 NCO
22
2 sledge hammers
2 saws
5 wire cutters
|- hours (approx)
H
l
8
a
Distribute the
branches to be used
construction; cross
d'istribute the
necessary prong-
shaped or hook-
shaped stakes
shaped stake s
" ~
"
195.
Type
Amount of
rcork
S u b d i v i s i o n s
Average daily excavation
E n l a r g e d s t a n d i n g t r e n c h ( l sqd)j /.>.
1!
j
<
j
j
ro 1
F
I
R
I
N
G
These f i g u r e s
y~,?^-*^,?
|
the ground is
pasture', or
ing trench)
apply mere
"
tfrontag 1m
\U-nr >
i f r o n t a g e 70cm;
\/.%&,-*,,#$'/*>.&:4
'" *"*f*
9C
oosition corsiiunition trenches. !
~DTri
j.
|
n1
.b
Af4
#
'
Same
, ,
I ^
j
\
grassland.
195.
[continued)
Type
.Amount of
I Average d a i l y excavation of
\ outdoor s i n g l e trencii
I r ig. 59 in manual ( f o r
S persons)
;
F i g . 60 i n manual ( f o r
6 persons)
..1512 cu m
__ L..J
Cora
Trench
"Total
Time (man hr)
150
.6
Observation Post
Shelters
Fig 80 in manual
:
Time required to ad- j fully
920 stakes
Day-
f-f
Wi re
Stretch-
20
[16
i sec
'! 12 llOC:
4 axes
50
12100
j 40
Staking
Remarks
The section
leader should
understand the
technique of
construction
and measurement,
and the privates
should have
some expert-*
ence in t h i s
Work.
about
10
about
3U0
10
3t 10 about
10
3105
300
ctf
2400
l;-30
Light
Sharpening of Stake
16:00
Work per
man hour
5:30
220
1440 sq m
13
20:00
36
4 sq m
2 wire cutters
4 stake drivers
..2 clamps
{ 4 wire cutters"
Spider
Wire
Pi
O
entanglements j
Staking!
Night
Wire !
stretch-j
ing !
In small opera
tions night con
struction can be
done almost as
quickly as by
day.
195.
(continued)
/Type
m e n t s'
t r u e "t i o n
S u b d i v i s i on
CD
CQ
rH
o
o
W i
re
-p
Work per
Total
Time man hrsj man hr
Amount of
ffork
Staking
Day
.Double
apron
fence
'. _ Wire f
Stretching
40
4:20"
12
21:40
170
Remarks
! 4 stake d r i v e r s
3 hammers
8 sq m 3 wi-recutters
3
St aking
entangle- ,
ment
Night.
Wi re
Stretching
Concertina
Ent anglement
A
1:30
A
/?
10
Using _
ladder
Day
Using
Double
board
apron
fence
Using
entangleNight ladder
ment
Using.'
board
Using
.....
Day
Spider
board
wi re hnUsing
tanglement Ni ght board
12
12
12
12,
12
_ . ,]
12
Time required to
construct one
section .'
4 per
hr
38
min
24
sec
20
sec
32
sec
23
sec
16
sec
35
sec
Be fully equipped
and take a prone
position 30m in
front of t h e entanglement and
!
cross in one
rush.
As above
1
195.
(continued).
Typo
Subdivision
Secret dostrue
; tion at night
Day
Destruction
Night
QA
CO
Double
apron fence.
4 meters.
\L:00"
2:00*
:32
l-.oo-"-
doop "
29 sec
*3? Q M Q M
4 meter deep
Entangled
,
wire
4 motors
deep '
Entangled
wire
Day
Night
Be fully equipped
(excepting knap
sack) and take
prone position
30 meters in
front of the
obstacle & then
destroy i t . I t ' s
difficult to cut
through intricate
ly entangled
small wire
5
5
18 sec
Entangledwiro
4 meters
.deep,
Entangled
wire ;
As above
5
5
Remarks
-* (with en
tangled wire)
M sec-t
deep j
.
billing! with"soil
Passing by-hand in oh&..
column
Passing by hand in twjp.. - ~1--
sonnJ Tilne
5
Spider
4 me Ire r"s
' Double Apron
. Fence -
01
U
O
H
Enforcement
CO
tid Bag
Wire Entanglements.
Amount of work
&
2 per
min
12
8 min
12
6 min
12
20 Mifl
By this method 1
squad will be
able to move a
to move a sand
bag a distance ..of
50 meters
196. Estimate of the Position of an Infantry Battalion (front of approximately 1000 meters) Based on the*
dumber of D3ys Required for Construction
The strength of the position cennot be estimated merely by the period of i t s construction, but
varies considerably with circumstances; misunder-standingvri.il be avoided in this chart, however, by the
use of approximate numbers.
a.
b.
600' Infantrymen and 40 Engineers will comprise the construction personnel of the battalion,
c.
Although not under enemy f i r e , a gradual construction method Kill be adopted depending upon the
situation.
d.
2.
3.
4.
5.
e.
f.
Construction !
Summary of Project
Period
1st Day
(6 hours)
j
i
1st Day
(10 hours in
all)
Firing
Communi
Trench
cation
Trench
Obstacle
Shelter
Remarks
A detail will
be assigned to
clear the field
of fire. About
two hours is
required in
1440m for
the stand-
ing -posi
tion
(360m)
constructing
the firing
trench (about one
meter ride alone.)
_
1440 m for
the standing posi-
tion
(360m)
2,000m for
crawling
(500m)
A detail will
be assigned .to
clear the field
of fire aid to
gather materi
a l s . (About 20
men from each
company plus a
platoon of engi
neers)
Construct ion
Summary of Project
-
Period
2nd Day
(20 hours in
all)
i
CO
I
i
|
3rd Day
(8 working
hours par
day from
here on)
4th Day
Firing
Communi
cation
Trench
Trench
1440m for
t h e stand
ing posi
Construct an additional
communication trench
about 1500m in length,
and a battle position of
about 350m,
130031 for
standing
position
Construct a light
shelter for about
half of the guards
and lengthen the
communication trench
500m.
(Sketch D)
1300m for
st andi ng
position
(450m)
4000m for
crawling
(1000m)
Obstacle
Shelter
)R em arks
The coramuni
machine
Ication t r e n c h
gun cover) [which affords
protection only
when crawl
ing- will in
'elude the dum
my positions.
and the b a t
t l e positions
which must
necessarily
be increased.
tion
(360m)
5500m for
crawling
{1400m)
Same
Sgme
6000m f o r
crawling
(1500m)
]
1200m
depth 4m
57 (light
6-man shel
ters) , and
l i g h t covei
for MG
(450m)
Construction
Period
F i r s t Week
1
CO
Second Week
Summary of P r o j e c t
The b a t t l e p o s i t i o n of
t h e squad viill consist
of an'enlarged standing
trench connected with
other u n i t s on n i l sides
"by means of cradling "type
communication trenches.
A line of m r e entangle
ments., 8m in depth, will
"be set.up in tho front
l i n e , e.nd mother l i n e
of v i r e entanglements,
4m in depth Trill be s e t up
near the key p o s i t i o n s .
Only t h e machine gun shel
t e r s iTill furnish cover
against 155mm s h e l l s .
(Sketch E)
Firing
Trench
1800m en
larged s e c
t i o n (450m)
Communication
Trench
'Obstacles
Shelter
6000m for
crawling
(1500m)
1500m
(8m deep)
800m
(4m.deep)
125
5000m for
single
column
4000m
(8m deep)
800m
(4m deep)
Remarks
(for 6
persons)
4 (med
ium cover
for machine
gun)
Same
Construction
Summary of P r o j e c t
Period
Firing
Trench
Generally, t h e s h e l t e r s
w i l l be of l i g h t c o n s t r u c
t i o n , and- only the v i t a l
flank defensive p o s i t i o n s
and t h e command post w i l l
"be made strong enough t o
withstand 155ram s h e l l s .
Third Week
ZN3
OX
O
Communication
Trench
Obstacles
Shelter
Remarks'
125
The medium
Same
5OOOi7i f o r
single
column
2000m for
tiro columns
4000m
(depth 8m).
4000m
(depth 4m)
personnel
light
6-men sheljshelters
"will be con
ters,
structed 2
7 medium
shelters
each to a
for person-jcompany and
nel
1 for the
4 heavy
battalion
headquarters
shelters
in the front
for perl i n e . The
sonnel
- 4 medium : heavy shel
shelters
t e r s will be
for mafor the case
chine guns of platoons,
one for the
dressing sta
tion and 3 for
the reserve
company.
Construction
Summary of Project
Period
. Trench
The completion of the
most firm position
(Sketch F)
Fourth Week
Notes:
:' Firing
1.
9000m
: enlarged
sector
Communication
Trench
Obstacle
Shelt er
. 6500m for
Same
Same
Remarks
si i^ le
< column
3500 for "2
columns
2.'
This chert -me rely shows the- construction period; however, i f t h e preparation and t r a n s
p o r t a t i o n of t h e m a t e r i a l s 'are taken into account, s t i l l more time (from one t o four
.._._ months) isould be required t|o complete a p o s i t i o n of such a wide frontage as shown on
Sketch F.
f " '"
3.
4.
', .-"
The time of the commencing;of construction may v t r y according to the situation; how
ever, the work must be st-arted not later than 2 hours after the development of the
division, in other vio-pds, four t o five hours after the; arrival of the-division at the
front line posit-ion, - ;
',
Sketch "A"
The company position after approximately two hours of work.
J-/.M G
UCQOQ
Note:
- 252
Sketch V'B"
Not e:
Connect the squad positions by means of cradling com
munication trenches and at the same time take measures
to conceal the true squad positions.
- 53
Sketch "C"
The company p o s i t i o n a f t e r approximately two days (20 hours)
/
\
w
L
\
Note:
1.
2.
- 254
Sketch
jji!
X
Q
G3
- \
N
<~ \
M 0 0E
Note:
Construct (20) light 6-man shelters.
- 255.
Sketch "E"
The company position after approximately a weeks work (56
nours.)
Note:
The squad positions vail be in enlarged standing
trenches. The cainmunication trenches will be. deep
enough for crawling, and the shelters will be of light
construction and accommodating six men. Only the machine
gun shelters will resist 155imn howitzer f i r e . The wire
entanglements in front of the f i r s t line will be 8 meters
in depth.
-256
Sketch I7F"
The company position after appforL j ^ ^'
of construction.
Note:
Communication trenches permitting the passage
of two columns.
9///A--?j Medium s h e l t e r s .
- 257
197
1.
1,
Digging Pau 1
lonia root's
P
Digging
i
root.s. 1
n
e
Felling 1
Digging 1
Crypto- roots
meria
Felling 1
Variety Digging 1
roots
of
trees Felling 1;
Tea
Digging
roots
1
1
and rop e
.1030
1015
oame as aoove
1030
18
Sam as above
Mattock, sickle, and
axe
150
5-20 y r s growth 84
shove1
3.6 cu ra
3.6 cu m
1.6 cu m'
SECTION IV
IvlATERIiiLS FOR FIELD FORTIFICATIONS
198.
Materials^ for
fortification
Spider Wire Entanglement
Type
Use :
Class
'picket
Pole
s .15
1.82.5,
200
(160)
No. 8
. Steel
:
Long
Picket
Short
Picket
1.7-2.4
Metric
tons
900 kg
(678)
191 kg
-(42)
No. "6
Wire
Weight
''
R e m a r k s
Oblique
No. 8
. Parallel
Barbed
Saia'e '
.1.00.
100 kg
' s o
60 kg
Steel
"
100 ..kg.
No.
14 spliced wire
Wire
Fastening -No. 16
Note:
: 6 kg
198.
(continued)
Nam*
| ^Use
Picket
|To.. f i x . j. .
;...
! s p i r a l \ pole !
.OB
wire
Screw
Picket
S
t
e
e
l"
\ T?
Type
i Diameter
j L e
Same
1.80
50
W
i
r
e
; No. 6- |.
;
No. 8
.
| Barbedi
>
Feeder
Line
! ,_ n . :
|-14:
i
i
.\
' Ratio of one picket
to every 2 meters.
Including pinning
wire 30cm long .
20Q
140
Same
'..
. . ._ j
93
I
!
Remar ks
138
f
j
Same
21.5
wire
. i. .,
Same
Notes:
i 29 metric tons
I
(green)
! 23 metric tons
; ;
(dried)
50
-+-
Weight
Personnel
a m e
Trunk
Line
1.
f K o . 16 f
Same
Use the same type of pickets for trunk l i n e , feeder l i n e , and fixed spiral wire.
2. ' vihen barbed wire i s used for trunk l i n e , approximately 12kg o.f No. 8 wire i s necessary
(to pin down and fasten t h e end of the spiral
198.
(continued)
Name
. Type
Di amet er
To- fix
spiral
wire
pole.
0.08
Same
Long^
Use ;"
Pi cket
Screw
type
picket
Length
1.80
Men
Required
Weight
0.29
0.23
Metric
Metric
ton(green)
ton
(dried)
50
138 kg
Same
Remarks
Ratio of 3 pickets to
2 meters
Same
Net
No.
Same
No.
10
Same
Barbed
wire
Steel
350 kg
pinning
110 kg
160 kg
Wire
Splicing
: Same
No.
14
No. 15
10 kg
Includes permanent
spiral wire
.66 kg
Same
1.
For'spider wire, splicing wire, and permanent pi ckets,use only one type.
When fto 10 barbed-wire:is used for spide* wire, approximately 13.5 kg of .No. 8 wire is
Name
trunk
line
: a
t
. -e.
:
e
1
i
r
e
feeder
line.
56
32
iVO. 6 ;
No. 8
feeder
line . :
No. 12
8c
diago
.,
n a l line
No. 14
R e m a r k s
Wei g h t
(kg)
Personnel
16
....
9.5
barbed
''18
. _.... . .
perma
nent
No. 16
splic
ing
1.32
,
Wooden
Picket
.-...._,._.
To fix
ribard
a-r-
Screw
...Picket
long
86.5
.. j . -
1.
One type of picket' "wiirbe used fOT trunk line, for one oblique line, and for
fixing ribard wires.
2.
Motes:
198.
(continued)
Name
Spider
Wire
S
t
e
e
i
r
e
Type
Use
barbed wire
Parallel &
diagonal
lines
Binding &
reinforcing
piamet er
Weight
(ke)
No. 6
84
same
80
No. 10
37
No. 12
28
Barbed
53
No. 16
S e 'm- a r k s
Includes wire f o r
pinning
Same
2.9
-
i\iotes:
1.
2 .
Type
35-50
1.65 l b
R e m a r k s .
Length - - 1.5-2m
6
Sideboards
Hooked Pickets
12
- 264
198.
(continued)
Name
Use
(For entrance)
Covering Material
Supporting Material
Width
(meter)
Length
(meter)
'Member
0.20
3.0 (2.6)
17 (2)
.0.^20
1.4 (1.0)
2 (3)
1.44
4 (6.)
Type
Metri c _ Diamet er
(thickness)
round
round
Numbers in
0.20
Pillar
(
for en
trance
Connecting Material
Frontal Covering
For
covering
Side Material
Side Board
' ..
For entrance
covering
Rail
For
loopholes
1.8 (1.4)
2 (3)
0. 20
0.20
0.04'
0.08
1.6 (1.2)
2 (6)
0.1Q-rQ25-
0.20
2.30
0.20
1.70
14
square.
0.03
0.20
1.20
56m long
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
square
2.4-3.5
2.30
0.8-0.9
4
Few
60 l b s
2.00
5.50
4.00
Green
D^ied
5.3
4.3
metric metric,
ton
round
round,
square
Sleepers
Foundation Material
0.20
) are
square
Foundation Material
.'
Weight _
14
70
170
\)
ton
Approx. 50
32 metric
ton
----
Ihiek- | W l d t h Length
. .' T y p e- ness
(m) (meter)
(met or)
Use..
IM a.Li.e.
... .
i Covering
i
Sl.QG.per
<*)
, .
Pillar
Rafter
- ...
...
. - . , . . .
. . .
. .
J_
sidewalls
""Shelf Board
--Desk Board
" "
' Stake
0.15
_ .
Board
1.20
1.20
2.00
1.30
1.20
1.20
16
0.90
0.51
0.41
met.ri c
metric
ton
ton
.0.03 . .0.20
0.20
0.25
0.70
0.05'
1.00
0.80
Square
(round)
0.05
Round
0.04
2.30
D r i e d
benches
Revetment
Board .... .
Material for
Desk leg
" Round'
0.10
...
G- r e e n
.. 'i
h e i g h t
' "-.'uniber
Few-
Approx. 8
198.
(continued)
Name
Type
Use
Metric
Di ameter
Length
Width
(meters) (meters)
ITurnbcr
2.00
1.20
2.00
18
Supporting Material
0.80
Sleeper
1.20
0.80.
10
0.80
0.80
Pillar
- -
Rafter
"Round
Covering Material
Weight (kg)
G-reen Dried
0.67
0.54
metric metric
ton
Loophole Box
.Loophole Box, Sleeper
Stake
seat "
Covering Purpose
Support P i l l a r
0.03
Round
0.10
0.20
Door Board
Frame
Board
for covering
Board
0.05
0*20
1.30
(round)
Square
0.10
0.00
1.00
(round)
.Square
0.03
0.10
1.00
2.00
12
Round
0.10
ton
1.50
Few
Approx. 7
19 8.
(continued)
Type of Wire
i.
j,
.Diameter
':/.; (mm)
! Kan
(3.75 kg)
Kilograms
4.544
14.040
-4.060
5il50
2.319
9*820
Nov 11
2.950
1.326
5.160
No, 12
2.760
1.248
4.680
No. 14
2.030
0.720
2.700
1.820
0.648
2.450
1.630
0.421
1.580
.._
-.r. ' - - Coppe,r "coated
:No. 16 . gteei- % v i r e
1.630
0.453
1,700
-11.060
Q.1'54
0.690
0.914
0.156
0.315
0.012
0.070
No. 8
to
Note:
0.50
0.75
1.00
10
20
30
40
18
27
36
16
24
32
1.05
14
21
28
0.90
12
10
24.
0.75
10
15
20
0.60
12
16
S k e t c h
Height
1.50
1.35
1.20
0.45
12
0.50
0.15
- 269
SECTION V
EXPLOSIVES .AND DEMOLITION
199.
Explosives
Yellow Powder
Trinitrotoluene (T.N.T.)
The shape and*weight of this explosive is similar
to the&-o the yellow powder.
Black Powder - Potassium Nitrate
Equipment
Slow burning fuze
combustion velocity - approximately 1 cm per sec
ISap^d burning fuze '
combustion velocity -, approximately 100 m per sec
Primer
combustion velocity - approximately 5300 m per sec
Platinum wire e l e c t r i c cap
E l e c t r i c Exploder
(Large si&e: Used by Engineers and gonerally capable
of a 30-fuze simultaneous detonation.
Small s i z e : Used by the Cavalry and:. gene r a l l y capable
of a 10/*-fuze simultaneous detonation*..) , .
200.
=-C x D2 *..
Coefficient of lumber-rosistanco
- 270
Kind of Timber
New, hard, or
knotty
Ordinary-
Diameter
"C"
1.3
1.7
1.0
,1.3
Iron
Formula to calculate the amount of powder charge necessary
for demolition.
L - 25 F
L - Weight of powder (grams)
F z Cross section area of iron material
(square centimeter)
.Formula to calculate the number of cubic shape yellow, pow
der to be used for demolition..
Number ReoHired - -2.5 ,F.
~ 200
Note:
L z 3 x c x d
L -Amount of powder (kg)
W - - Radius of effective zone Cm)
c Resistance coefficient of material
d Tamping coefficient
Formula to calculate the amount of powder required when
demolition charges are placed in alignment.
L - 2W x c x d
L The amount of powder for each meter
(kg)
(As large amount of powder i s necessary, this is used only in
case of emergency.)
- 271
Material
W (rii)
Firmly built
2 or more
masonry struc 1.5 to -2
tures or rocks -.9 to 1,5 .
,9 or less
3.0
. 3.5
..4.0
5.0
3.0
Other types
of soil
.0.7
d ~ 1.4 (Tamped)
d = 1 . 6 (Hot Tamped)
d = 1..0 (Tamped)
d = 1 . 2 5 (Not Tamped)
d = 15 (Tamped
with d i r t )
d = 1.25 (Tamped)
d = 1.25 (Not tamped)
- 272
2.
. .It2
1.4
.,1.8
3*
to 2.5,
to..-5.0."'>'..v; .
tfp-6,0" ",:
t'o,'7.Q' ,'.:
- 273
CHART A
Tamping
Coefficient
"d"
. 2.0
1.5
1.2
1.1
1.0
Length
Rocks
of
Hard Soil
0.40 W
0.80 W
1.20 W
1.60 W
2.00 W
0.35 W
0.70 W
1.05 W
0.40 W
1.75 W
Tamping
,
'
Sandy S o i l
0.-30 W.
0.60 W
0.90 W
1.20 W
1.50 W
CHART B
Tamping
Coefficient
"d"
2.0
1.5
1.2
1.1
1.0
Length
Rocks
of
Hard Soil
.50A
1.00A
1.50A
2.00A
2.50A
40A
. 80A
1 . 20A
1 . 60A
2 . 00A
Tamping
Sandy Soil
.40A'
.70A
1.00A
1.30A
1.60A
- 274
CHAPTER 10
MILITARY FiAPS, LANDSCAPE SKETCHES, MILITARY SYKBOLS
Paragraphs
SECTIOU I .
'II.
III.
IV.
V.
226-226
SECTION I
GENEliAL PRECAUTIONS Tu LL TAKEi\ 1\. DRAINING A i ILITJJCY iaAP
201.
In drawing a m i l i t a r y r a p , Field Service Regulations } o. .65
( P r e p a r a t o r y Topography) should be conformed w i t h ; the follovdng
are l i s t e d as r e f e r e n c e s for "beginners.
1. The main object of a r-ilitary rap is to irdic&te clearly the
disposition of troops* Therefore, importance is pieced upon m i l i
tary symbols and the accuracy of their usage. They should be
colored heavily especially when they are small and si b nificant.
If by sketching terrain features, the military symbols are made
i r d i s t i n c t , i t is advisable to omit a l l terrain features except
those that are important, however, symbols indicating the
positions of troops must never bo omitted, even in cases where
i t is necessary to record them in great d e t a i l . Thoso pro-'
cautions must bo" especially cor-plicd with when drawing maps of
the area in which the unit is now located.
2.
In sketching terrain features, i t is advisable to use the
symbols of the original sketch as much as possible| when the
symbols are cosjlicated, however, such as for railroads (~~.: jac:.),
i t is bettor to use tho symbol (-H--H~!~H-M-~) instead.
J&* Stroars, pords, lakes, e t c . are colored blue to '-.akc them
conspicuous.
4.
The location of the senior commander must definitely be
shown on the mc.p i.s i t is v i t a l to all troops, '.-Besides .-:;. ::
t h i s , i t is a c onurion practice to record the locations of immediate
subordinate coiiTkndurs only. The symbols used to designate the
locations will be the various ieedquartors symbols*
5. Viflion the a r t i l l e r y obsoi'Vatioj" post is close to the gun
positions, i t is permissible to orit i t s location on the map,
but when i t is ftr from the oun positions, i t s location should
be clearly indicated.
- 275
"'",
1.2. T i t l e s , dirbctioiis, s c a l e s , and r tmos arc easily- for b otton>
th'groi ore, these should bo recorded firs't-. This is "especially
true when drawin b t a c t i c a l maps of the 'area oorcornod.
sECTiar i i
DETAILED P,:LCAUTIO:..s; TO BE TAKEF IN
202,
General
' There are r any types of m i l i t a r y maps used in. the study of
t a c t i c s * To enumerate a l l of thorn together with tho precautions
to be ,taken in dravan,_. thorn'will be not only impossible 'but un
.necessary. ' ' '"
If a .tjiven problem must be solved by the usc-of?a military
nap, the s i t u a t i o n must be studied arid proved beyond-all doubt
and then recorded on tlie map. Special'natters to be shown on
the map v a i l be indicated by tho officer r...questing t o nap
The folloivin^ ^ara^raphs i l l u s t r a t e cases'whe-re precautions need
to be takon i r drawing military raps 'in order to explain the
e s s e n t i a l : a t t c r s which usually arise in the-study of t a c t i c s .
- 276
204.
- 27-7
the unit. At tines only the units that arc to bo in tho billet
ing (bivouac) area are indicated. There are occasions when the
to development*
- 278
206.
With tho assumption that the enony will attack, i t is the usual
practice to indicate the time of arrival of each unit at a prearrang
ed position.
1. yfocn a counter offensive is planned, i t s direction should bo
indicated by an arrow.
2> In a bap showing tho defensive position of a unit (such..as a
wir;^ unit of .a division, or a certain reoimqnt) i t is advisable
to indicate the direction of an 'anticipated hostile attack and
differentiate between the' direotior of the main hostile attack
and a portion of that attack.
3 The expected direction of the main hostile attack -and can oiit
lino of h i s - a r t i l l e r y .positions and infantry lines- will bo indi
cated. vVhoja tho main hostile".attack Is expeafced in two dirc:bl.ons-.,
i t is advisable to record both of' them, but tho more important
should be clearly'specified..
4# It is advisable to indicc.te clearly the division of sectors
and the boundaries4 of .the zores of action.
208.
..The requirements and the lires-' of - action for the. terrain esti<
^ 279
209.
with the main force by showin^ the position of tho main force and
thv, direction of advance. Ija cas-o of the covering, force of tho
Bridging Material Company, the'location of bridge construction
should bo indicated.
213.
- 281
FIGURE XV
BILLETING DISPOSITION
Picket Line
Billeting
ground
7 /n
AA Unit
\ \ cFutsukaichi
* i u- (town)
n
\ 1st Cav
W
'/Billeting ground
Nishi(town)
3rd Bn 2nd Inf
MG Plat
G=
1/3 Med
Det
Gun Park
(FA)
l
Inf Gun Unit 2nd Inf
2nd Bn 2nd Inf--'
Billeting ground
AA Unit
To Yalnada
1 plat 1st Co
less 2 sqds
Note:
1. The billeting officer of Futsukaichi (town) will
be Col. XX, lst Infantry Regt'l Commander.
|
2. The antiaircraft unit will be on alert at a p o s i - /
tion where movement to the firing position can be
Ij
readily carried out.
Fig. 15
To Minami (village)\
FIGURE XVI
MAP SHOWING DISTRIBUTION OF THE ADVANCE GUARD OF THE 1ST DIVISION
IK
1st Cavalry
Arty Bn OP
3rd Bn less
and 12th Co's
DUTY:
TO PROTECT THE
LEFT FUNK
Cav U n i t
Cav Unit
Uyeyama
1/2 Regt'l
IrrE Gun Co
Mission:
The Advance Guard will occupy the area between the hill south of
Uyeyama and the hill west of Kashiwa to cover the deployment of the
division.
Note:
Front line troops will perform the necessary construction work within
the time allotted.
Distribution shall vary according to the purpose of the work.
Drawn in the Cartographic Section, Dissemination Unit, M. I.D.
Fig.
283
10
FIGURE XVH
Muramatsu
Train
Telephone
HIASt .3rd Bn. Amm.
Train
Arty Regt/l Obsn Post
Koya
No. of
So. of
ii
Right Sector
Left Sector
Counter btry
Right Sector
Left Sector
2-F.A.
2-F.A.
7-F.A.
2-F.A.
3-F.A.
5-F.A.
1-F.A.
Btry
Btry
Btry, 1-H.F.A.
Btry
Btry
Btry, 1-H.F.A.
Btry
Btry
Btry
Fig. 17
284
SECTORS:
3rd Bn.--So. of line connect
ing Koya, Yamasa & Kawakita.
1st & 2nd Bn.So. of line con
necting southern Katsuda,
northern Shouchi & northern
Katsurai
FIGURE
LANDSCAPE SKETCH OF
Fig. 18
285
FIGURE XIX
LANDSCAPE SKETCH OF THE ENEMY POSITION IN THE VICINITY OF SHIRATORI-MURA (VILLAGE)
Fig. 19
286
FIGURE XX
LANDSCAPE SKETCH SHOWING
THE FIELDS OF FIRE OF A FIELD ARTILLERY BATTERY
310
110
Inf. Unit
16
Base Point
I
X = 2700
E = - 0 4
A = 050
Inf. Unit
Furumura
F. A. Gun Position
illage)
Note:
1. The fire control map for a Field Artillery Battery is drawn from
a simple panoramic or military sketch and sometimes from a combination
of both of them.
2. In this sketch the essential parts of the fields of fire are indicated by
a military sketch, and the areas of expected enemy approach and terrain
features in the vicinity of the enemy positions are shown by means of
a panoramic sketch.
3.
A - azimuth
E - angle of site
X - measured range
Fig. 20
287
SECTION IV
MILITARY SYMBOLS
Revised August 1 3 , 1924
Army Order No. 28
221.
General Rules
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
.jjjk --^
\izy [~p~
~ -t~.T "f^
- P.
2.
&
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
- - Throe a r t i l l e r y battalions
Ex J i t airplanes
written 2i(-8.12).
222.
Equivalent
Grand Imperial Headquarters
ijrny; Hoe/.quarters
Corps
. Corps, Headquarters
Division
' '
Brigade
Refinent
,
\.
.
,.
Company (battbry, troop) Conr.anding
Officer
Connissibned"Officor
Privates
MG
Machine Gun
- 289
LK
SM
TK
2.
'1 j
Tr.nks
Infantry
Abb r e v i ati on
Synb o1
Equivalent
i.
Infcntry
Infantry Brigade Headquarters
P
C
Infantry Units
EJ3 a t a
/tit
Exarplo of a
Plr.toon in
dopluynont
(
(
_J_
1
indicate r i f l o
squads
Exanplc of a
(
Platoon builcl-(
ins up a
line
iiidicate lij_,ht
nachino ^un
squads
Infantry Cannon
Infentry Mortar
-bi.
iTL
^r>
u- ..
Recjr Echelons
Occupied Area
- 290
3.
Cavalry
Abbrovir.ti on
Equivalent
Cavalry
K
k.k
Cavalry Gr<:up
Cavalry Brigade
KB
CZJ
KTL
4.
Artillery
Abbrcvia t i on
Syribol
Equivalent
Field A r t i l l e r y
KA
Horso. i^rtillury
H.'untain or Pack A r t i l l e r y
SA
Heavy Field A r t i l l e r y
ST
Amunition Train
Field A r t i l l e r y Regimental Hq
F i e l d - A r t i l l e r y Battalion Hq
-291
)K
Brigade-
Obsorvation 2;osts
Ro^incnt )
If necessary, lino of ^
) and O.P will bo connected
Battalion) "by dotted line#- Line of
) buns will be indicated by
Battery ) dotted line Auxiliary
) Observation Post will be
indicated by an unshaded
triangle.
Plot tin,- Station
The Horse Artillery, ilountain Artillery and Hpavy Field Artillery
rcspoctivoly
and
5.
Engineers
., Synbol
Equ iva lc nt
at ion
Engineers
Er.^ineer Unit
Connunioation,
Abbreviation
Synbol
P
TL
DTL
Equivalent.
";
Telegraph Station
Telephone Station
Toluphor.c- Instrunent
Boll Syston (whenever distinction
is necessary)
Telephone Switchboard
OX]
Transformor
Resonator (Telegraphic instrunont for
printing a ncssa^c on tape)
O
0
] :iiltiplox Re s onat or
Autor^atic Rosonater
Uridulator
'.arc
line
DTL
Ad d >!<! t > i nd i c a t c
Rt.dio Station (nobilo)) air ground radio
) connunication
Radio Station (fixed) )For Example: D
3W
Searchlight Projector
-x
PT
Pigeon Loft
(nobilo)
Piboon Loft
(fixed)
Pigeon Post
-o o
0
! OO
-O
OKD
abbreviation
Symbol
Equivalent
.0
Oj<l
Air Unit
F:
obsorvction plr.no"
Obs^rvction, F i g h t e r , Li^ht Bonbor,
Heavy Bonbor ( r e s p e c t i v e l y ) . Other
types' ere indicated by' s i n i l a r sii_,ns.
Forrx.tion of Aircraft
(Fjrrc.tibn of 6'hoc.vy nulti^sor.ted
borbors at ar> r.ltitudo ;f 3,000 r.otcrs)
Bylof.vin^ off the nunbor-of p l a n e s ,
single plr.ncs cc.n be i n d i c a t e d .
Aircraft (top view)
(side view)
SJ
S
Airdrone
)
)
LandiiL(__ Field
)
)
possible Landing Area)
Suitable- changes
nay be nado to
accord with types
of airplanes
Airship
Balloon Corps Headquarters
Balloon Corps
FB
- 294
c+1]
Abbrevi-
Symbol
Equivalent
Conbat Train
r^ ft
Field Train .
1., , i LJ
BK
I^aterial Conpany
Transport Battalion Headquarters
Transport in Assembly
Field Hospital
'
( Use y\ over
( the symbol
^edical Corps
( has been e s
( tablished.
Hedicc.l Corps Litter Conpany
Medical Corps Aribulance Conpany
Dross ing-Station
Votori nary Depot
Veterinary First Aid Station
-295
9.
Abbrovi-
t i on
Synbol
Equivalent
cav inf
CzT !l
Sentry Group
it y
/
3?
AP
GAP |
rr; Post
Grand Alarn Post
Provision .and Forage Distributing Point
- 296
is
10 Labor
Abbrovition
33
15]
Autonobilo Park
Equivalent >
Synbol
.(
Firing Tronch (
0onr'Unicci.tion5 (
trench
(
Sectors Pi
onplcconcnts v d l l
bo'shoviin vdth a
heavy lino
/\
Infc.ntry Ilbrtcr
Fio]4 A r t i l l e r y En pit. cor: out
( o x c v p t hc-avy Field Jjr t i 1 ] ry)
Flt.t trcjec^ory (
(
St cop trc.j ect ory (
V\/\A
Her.vy Fiold A r t i l
lory cnplf.oonent.
Low':Tiro
(Also'usoci vAicn there is
ontf!n b lcncnt( n o n o o d ^ d i f f e r e n t i a t e
(betv/eon hi^h c low v/iro
(
c'ntcn^lcnonts
Hi b h wire entan b lorxjnt
Abetis
Lend ilino
- 297
11,
Abbrcvi-
Synbol
equivalent
tion
Railway Unit
Li^ht Railway Hanacar Unit
Railway Inspection Do-partnunt
Koa1'1.quarters of Railway Ru^t*
Office
Amy Transport
(funeral)
Troop Transport
Muni t i ons T ra ns p o rt
Cori-unication Ship
Hospital Ship
Pationt Transport
Ropair Ship
Ice Freakcr
Tanker
*T
Transport Fleet
3oa Tir.nsport Paso
- 298
">
.
Buoy
Buoy.Xusu color actually used
as s*iunal):.
LJ
f>
a
- 299
Sta
12.
Abbrevi
tion
3ynb o 1
qu i va le n t
HoadquarGcrs, Amy Group lie.in Advance
Depot .(L of C)
Hqs. Hi in Adveneo Depot
Rqs of-a Post on. L of C
Unostabliahed L of C Hqs
/ \
wi
Telegraph Company of L of C
Tain Dopot of Field A r t i l l e r y
Field A r t i l l e r y Dopot
Field A r t i l l e r y Branch Dopot
Field lin^irecrs '.' r.in l^epot
Field Dn^inours Dopot
Fiold Ur^.i^eers Franch Depot
;'"r.in Field Air Depot. '"
Field iAir Depot
Field Air Branch Depot
O' Q.
- 300
(
(
Veterinary Depot L of C(
(
Hospital, L. of C
(
(
(
Gcneral FioId1 Hospital'
Uso A
over the
symbol when
these aro
in opera
tion
dn
- 301
Abbrcvition
Symbol
FA
Equivalent
(
(
Seni-pen-iC.norit Dof.onsos ('
(
Torporcry Defenses
(
Synbols
shuuld bo
shaped like
the fort
itself.
Turrot
Pcnfiancuit Pdllbox
Temporary Pillbox
Barracks
Barracks or Tent Camp
Gallery or tunnel
Siege approachos.
Sic&G A r t i l l e r y Fark
(M_|
Sapper Park
S3
Gun Depot
lit.in She IX '.Maga z ine
Branch Shell i-'a^azine
lit.in Powder Magazine
Branch Powder llagazinc
H
d
,H
Howitzer
llortar
o r
\ )
'^x
7.SCM
perran'^nt b u t t o r y .
11
tsc
+0 C
Two 40 C D .
- 303
in a turrot
syi -,b o 1
'i
Equ ival e nt
Naval Vessel
B a t t l e s h i p
Cruiser
Or
Gunboat
BC
Battle Cruiser
CD
RG
River Gunboat
AG
Auxiliary Gunboat
Subncrine
DW
\J'wQ I l - y v l
T :rpodo Boat
Db
Torpedo Depot S h i p ;
D e s t r o y e r Li o t h e r Ship
Df
Aircraft Carrier
Squadron
Division
GF
Conbined Fleet
inc Sweeper F l o t i l l a
Coiibi-Acd" Id no Swoopor Group
Sd
Destroyer Squadron
Ss
Submarine Squadron-'
Conbinod Destroyer Group
Gunboat F l o t i l l a
Destroyer F l o t i l l a
Subriarinc F l o t i l l a
Sti
Float QDr.Tnr.ndor
Conr.ic.ndor of a Division (Sqdn)
Ship C'onix.ncior
, Airpiano
{ fv/ - soap la no
(
( f1 - land-based plane
5.
Captive. Balloon
SiGH.r.llir^. Station (Coast)
Subnarino Base
V"
Ilossa^o Center
.Grenade Thrower
- 305
Hocclqucrtors of c. Chonical
Warfare Unit
Chcnioal Vic.rfc.re Unit
OF1.
.rr
<f ;
Infantry
Equivalent
tion
RiA
biH
>mm
E a t t a l i o r Gun
Antitank Gun Unit
J:
3.
Antitank Gun
Equivalent
tion
RSt
Annuniti on Train
ASt
Bst
Cannon
.. - 506
Howitzer Unit
*
105 nn Howitzer
105 mm Gun
155 nn.Howitzer
FHfc
F:lr
Fllb
4.
Abbrcvi-
tion
Symbol
TP
Equivalent
Mechanized Unit
PW
LPW
li
ft
TST
*"1
L ^
inserted l e t t e r )
5.
Labor (construction)
Symbol
Equivalent
tion
Breach of obstacles (passage through
gassed area)
Antitank Defense
- 307
6.
C onimunic at i ons.
Abbrevi
ation .,
Symbol
. -ft
^>
p-
Equivalent
Heliograph' (Signal" Station)
Semaphore (signal Station)
Wig-wag, (Sibnal Station)
'p
- 308
SECTION V
MISCELlu'J- EOUS
226 i
Linear Measure
Land Measure
Japanese
Equivalent
14 cho
Milo(1.609 km) 45 ken
Nat i on
Donomination
England
U.S.
Nation
Denomination
Japanoso
Equivalent
England
U. S.
Acre
16 cho
5b kon
3 shaku
France
Germany
Ho etare
1.008 ohobu
Chain
11 ken
Russia
Desyatin
Yard
.3 shaku
3q. Vorst
1.102 chobu
0.07379
sq r i .
Foot
1 shaku
China
Ko
(100 ko)
Franco
Kilometer
Russia
Vorst
China
Hi
9 cho 1 ken
9 cho
46 ken
5 shaku
5 cho
16 ken
4 shaku
Japan
Kairi
England
TT.3
"
Capacity.an d
Cubic Me a 3uros . .
1 Japanese
Denomination
Equivalent
""
["
"
II
Sq. ri
.40C chobu
.
fc i g h t
Ton (railway)
100 st.i
UoS.
Ton
tt
Ton (ship)
40 sai
Franco
Ton
266.667
kan
II
Koku (small
boat)
10 s a i
England
U. S-.
Pound
-.121 kan
Japan
Sai
Nat i on
Denomination
1 cubic
shaku
England
Ton
-England
Gallon
2.52 sho
Franco
Kilogram
.266 kan
U. 3 .
(liquid)
Gallon
2.098.sho
Russia
Pood
4.360 kan
(dry)
Gallon
2.44 sho
China
Kin
Liter
0.55 sho
Russia
Grancts
(liquid)
Tarushoka
0.68 sho
China
Koku
it
France
Germany
Russia
.8947 sho
1.82 sho
5.7402
sho
Domestic railways use the English ton (long ton) while in Korea
and i/ianchuria the American ton is used-* Vehicles arc weighed in
French t o n s , 1000 kilogram (267 kan) pur ton*
-309
1
i
6.2 chobu
0.02151
sq t r j
Japanese
Lquivalcnt
270.946
kan
241.915
l:an
Nat i on
227.
17
17
35
0.3
34
17 N>-
18
For large scale maps, which are over l;50,000, the coordinate
square will be (1) kilometer,and for maps with scale at
1:200,000,.it will be (10) kilometers.
Msthod of Application
by the formula
14 .2 2 =
= 18.8 km.
- 310
- X
The declination of the true north from the ^rid north (angle 9)
2. Locate on the map, any other point (Xg, Y3) which is on the
3. Then,
l " A 5
Yl - Y 3
tan 0
0 f
.
THE END
- 311