Efficiency Rudder

Efficiency Rudder Conventional rudder

1. Rudder horn 3. Flap 5. Rudder stock 7. Fore torpedo

2. Rudder blade 4. Flap mechanism 6. Torpedo 8. Fairing of hub

Effect of streamlined torpedo

Propeller slipstream – conventional rudder

Propeller slipstream – Efficiency Rudder

Reduced contraction
of propeller slipstream

Decreased
water speed
due to torpedo

More uniform velocities

in propeller slipstream
Water inflow
velocities
from hull

2
New solutions for better propulsive performance
It has been known for a long time that the rudder has an
impact on the total propulsive efficiency, i.e. the fuel
consumption, of the ship. There is a strong interaction
between hull, propeller and rudder.
Optimum performance is achieved if propeller and
rudder are integrated. The result is the LIPS® Efficiency
Rudder.
The Lips Efficiency Rudder (patented) is in successful
operation on many vessels, safely manoeuvring the ships
with minimum need for fuel at maximum comfort level.

Working principles
Improved propulsive performance
The streamlined torpedo has the following effects:
n By reduction of the propeller inflow velocity, especially
close to the hub, the propeller can work more efficiently
n A more uniform and less contracted slipstream behind
the propeller reduces losses in kinetic energy
n The hub drag is reduced by avoiding flow separation
compared to a conventional propeller rudder
combination
n A slim rudder profile and reduced trunk size reduce the
rudder resistance.
All these effects contribute to reducing the necessary
power to maintain the same propeller thrust. The result is
a 3-7 % reduction in fuel consumption.
Efficiency Rudder layout of twin-screw vessel.
Increased comfort
The Efficiency Rudder reduces vibration and noise on
board noticeably, increasing the comfort for crew and
passengers. The torpedo behind the propeller reduces the
inflow variation. Pressure pulses generated by the propeller
reduce by 20-40 %. This results in a great improvement of
the comfort on board the ship by a significant reduction
of vibration and noise. Hull pressure variations are
reduced by 20-40 %.

Model scale and full scale test results

3.0
Max. pressure amplitudes against hull (kPa)

2.5
Model test with conventional rudder
Model test with Efficiency Rudder
2.0
Full scale measurements

1.5

1.0

0.5

0
1st order 2nd order 3rd order
Propeller blade frequency

3
Applications
Single-screw vessels Twin-screw vessels
n Improved propulsive efficiency: 5-7 % n Improved propulsive efficiency: 3-5 %
n Reduced pressure impulses to hull: 30-45 % n Reduced pressure impulses to hull: 20-25 %

Jo Laguna D for AR.CO.In Finnmarken for OVDS

Model test results including full-scale measurements Model test results including full-scale measurements

Vessel Vessel Output Propeller Efficiency Full scale Vessel Vessel Output Propeller Efficiency Full scale
speed [kW] diameter gain results speed [kW] diameter gain results
[knots] [mm] [knots] [mm]
Container 15-25 10,000 4400 5-8% Rail-Truck / 21.5 2 x 7920 4300 4-6 %
Passenger
Paper carrier 17.6 6300 4500 9 - 12 % Min. 9 %
Car carrier 21.6 2 x 4920 4000 2-6 %
Tanker 16.1 6000 5300 5 - 7.4 %
Ro- Ro / 24.3 2 x 12,600 5300 3-4 %
Chemical tanker 16.7 6300 5100 6-9% Min. 6 % Passenger
Container 21.3 12,800 6000 5% Passenger 19.4 2 x 4140 3500 4-6 % Min. 4 %
Container 18.0 9600 5400 4-5.5 % 2 x 2760

Comparison with the highest DNV comfort class

Highly loaded propellers
[mm/s]
The efficiency gain increases with increasing propeller 1.6
Peak vibration level in aft cabin

loading (kW/m² propeller disk area). Application of the 1.4

1.2
Lips Efficiency Rudder is particularly beneficial with
1
high-powered ships such as Ro-Ro vessels, RoPax ferries, 0.8 1.5
container / multipurpose vessels and ice-classed cargo 0.6
0.4
vessels and tankers. 0.2
0.3
In passenger vessels such as cruise vessels and night 0
DNV comfort class 1 Efficiency Rudder
ferries the Lips Efficiency Rudder offers a significant [dB]
Noise level in restaurant
reduction in noise and vibrations levels. 55
54
Full aft bodies 53
52
In a vessel with a full afterbody and a bad wake field the 51 55
greatest improvement in efficiencies is provided by the 50
Lips Efficiency Rudder. Typical examples are oil/chemical 49 50
48
tankers, bulk carriers and LNG carriers. 47
DNV comfort class 1 Efficiency Rudder

4
Manoeuvring

Lysbris for Lysline sailing towards the Svinesund bridge between Norway and Sweden.

Turning ability
Vessels equipped with the Efficiency Rudder have Turning circle
excellent manoeuvring characteristics: exceeding IMO Tactical diameter

requirements for turning circle and zigzag manoeuvres.

Reports from vessels equipped with Efficiency Rudders
also show excellent low-speed manoeuvring even in
restricted waterways.

Initial turning
2.5
IMO requirement
2.0
Sister vessel with
Advance

conventional rudder
1.5
Ships length

Trial results with

2.50
Efficiency Rudder
1.0 IMO regulation

With Efficiency Rudder

0.5 0.94
0.61
0.0
Distance before 10° turning of the ship

5
Product description

Efficiency Rudder in production.

Structure

Rudder stock: Shaft with stainless Rudder blade: Rigid, slender

steel liner. Adapted to steering gear cast/welded structure.
on top and rudder blade shrink fit at Connected to torpedo
lower end. through horn pintle.

Bearings: Water- Flap mechanism: Solid construction designed

lubricated bearings to avoid problems during operation. Shafts in
in composite material wear resistant stainless steel connected to horn
showing minimal structure through shrink fit.
wear in operation.
Rudder horn: Strong, slim cast/welded structure
Flap: Welded structure with solid interface to the hull structure. Can be
reinforced at the top to extended to the steering gear deck upon request.
provide a strong support
for the flap mechanism. Fairing: Casting in NiAl-Bronze specially
Connected to blade adapted to the hub and the propeller
through flap needles. blades. Rotates with the propeller.

Propeller blades:
Optimised design,
accounting for the
interaction between
propeller, rudder
and hull.

Horn pintle: Shaft in wear Torpedo: Strong, welded inner Fore torpedo: Welded steel
resistant stainless steel structure connected to the horn structure bolted to the
connecting the rudder blade through a bolt connection. External torpedo. External plating with
to the torpedo. plating with streamlined profile. streamlined profile.

6
Design parameters

Data necessary for inquiry.

Hull data Ship data
Propeller centre to CL rudder stock L1 mm Type of ship
CL propeller above base line H1 mm Twin screw or single screw
Hull above base line at CL rudder stock H2 mm Length between perpendiculars LPP m
Steering gear deck above base line H3 mm Design draught d m
Aft ship drawing (if available) Breadth of ship B m
Ship speed at MCR *) VS knots
Effective wake w

Propulsion data
Max. cont. engine rating MCR kW
Propeller speed at MCR n rpm
Propeller diameter DP mm
Hub diameter mm
CP or FP propeller
Nozzle or open propeller

Rudder data
Flap rudder or rudder without flap
Normal rudder profile or fishtail profile

Classification data
Classification society
Ice class
*) Maximum service speed with the ship on summer load waterline

Fuel cost saving calculation

x = P·n·sfoc·Dh·h·Cbunker
where
x Annual savings due to the Efficiency Rudder [USD/year]
P Max. continuous engine rating [kW]
n Average use of engine power for propulsion [-]
sfoc Specific fuel oil consumption [kg/kWh]
Dh Efficiency gain due to the Efficiency Rudder [-]
h Running hours per year [h/year]
Cbunker Bunker oil price [USD/kg]
Example: Single-screw vessel with 6300 kW engine running 6000 hours per year at 85 % of max. rating.

6 160
x = P·n·sfoc·Dh·h·Cbunker = 6300 × 0.85 × 018
. × × 6000 × = 55,520[USD / year ]
100 1000

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 09.2004 / Bock´s Office / Litoset
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of vessels and offshore installations. We are the only company with a
global service network to take complete care of customers’ ship
machinery at every lifecycle stage.

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The Wärtsilä Group includes Imatra Steel, which specializes in special

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® ®
WÄRTSILÄ and LIPS are registered trademarks. Copyright © 2004 Wärtsilä Corporation.

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Lipsstraat 52, P.O. Box 6 Tel: +31 416 388115
5150 BB Drunen, The Netherlands Fax: +31 416 373162