JAYAB s cheema

b.Com(Hons)
lovely professional unversity
 O R
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T E
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 NAXALITES
 History
• The term Naxalites comes from Naxalbari, a small village in
West Bengal, where a extremist section of
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) led a violent uprising in
1967, trying to develop a "revolutionary opposition" in opposition to
the CPI(M) leadership. The insurrection started on May 25, 1967 in
Naxalbari village when a farmer was attacked over a land dispute.
Maoists in the guise of local farmers retaliated by attacking the local
landlords and escalated the violence.
• By 1980 it was estimated that around 30 Naxalite groups were active,
with a combined membership of 30 000


 Communist Party of India (Maoist)

 The Communist Party of India (Maoist) is a violent underground
Maoist political party in India. It was founded on September 21, 2004,
The popularly elected UPA government on 22 June 2009 banned the CPI
(Maoist) under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, calling it a
terrorist organisation. Following the ban, the Maoists will now be liable
for arrested under the UAPA. After the ban they are barred from holding
rallies, public meetings and demonstrations, and their offices if any, will
 RED TERROR
• Ideology- It is claimed by the Communist Party of India (Maoist) that
it is conducting 'people's war', a strategical line developed by Mao
Zedong during the phase of guerrilla warfare of the Communist
Party of China.
• Governance Tactics-The organisation has been holding 'Public Court'
in remote villages by handing out arbitrary and many times
inhuman justice for local problems.They have also held these in
order to eliminate the local political leaders..These are usually held
in the areas where the police and administration does not have a
permanent presence or does not venture into without additional
specialized combat forces.
• Funding- The principal funding for the Maoists comes from
abductions, extortions and looting.
 Another major source of funding for Maoists comes from
poppy and hemp cultivation reported from the Ghagra area of Gumla
district in Jharkhand and in parts of Gumla, Kishanganj and Purnia
districts in Bihar.
• Military Tactics- There struggle is based on guerrilla warfare. This
strategy entails building up of bases in rural and remote areas and
transforming them first into guerrilla zones and then as "liberated
zones", besides the area-wise seizure and encircling cities.
 FIGURES

• 20,000 -No. of maoists estimated

•
• Maoists over 223 districts across 20 states with 7 states being
severely affected.
•
• Maoist-linked violence has already claimed 200 Security men in
2009
 700 civilian deaths ‘09
•
• 160 No. of districts where Naxalites wield influence
•
• Maoists affecting 2,000 police stations
•
• The single largest domain over which the Maoists hold sway is
the iron ore-rich Bastar region spread over 40,000 sq km.

 The deadliest attacks in the past six years


• October 1, 2003: Naxalites attack the convoy of then Andhra Pradesh chief minister N.
Chandrababu Naidu while he was on his way to Tirupati.A few seconds delay in
triggering claymore mines save his life.
• February 6, 2004: Over 1,000 Maoists attack Koraput district headquarters of Orissa
and loot 200 sophisticated guns and other weapons from various police
establishments.
• November 13, 2005: Maoists lay siege to Jehanabad town in Bihar and free over 375
prisoners, including 130 Naxalites. The operation continues for 7hours, killing several
policemen.They loot 185 rifles and 2,000 rounds of ammunition.
• March 25, 2006: Over 500 Maoists attack the OSAP camp at R.Udayagiri in district of
Orissa, killing three policemen, looting arms and freeing 40 prisoners.
• July 17, 2006: Twenty-five people killed and 80 others injured when over 800 Naxalites
attack Errabore relief camp in Chhattisgarh where over 4,000 people had taken
shelter.They kidnap 20 people.
• March 5, 2007: Naxalites kill JMM MP Sunil Mahato, his bodyguards and a party
colleague while they were watching a football match near Jamshedpur in Jharkhand.
• March 16, 2007: Over 500 Naxalites attack a police outpost in Chhattisgarh's Rani Bodli
village, killing 55 policemen.
• October 26, 2007: Naxalites kill former Jharkhand chief minister Babulal Marandi's son
and 17 others during a cultural programme in Giridih district.
• December 16, 2007:Naxalites attacked jail in Dantewada; free 305 prisoners, 105 of
who were their comrades.
• February 15, 2008: Hundreds of Moists in buses and trucks lay siege to Nayagarh town
of Orissa, killing 14 policemen and a civilian.They torch the Police Training School.
• April 13, 2009: 10 paramilitary troops killed in eastern Orissa when Maoists attack a
bauxite mine in Koraput district.
• April 22, 2009: Naxalites hijack a train with at least 300 people on board in Jharkhand.
 Personalities who matter
•
•
•
•
• Kobad Ghandy, the London-educated (chartered
accountant) leader and ideologue of CPI (Maoist) in
charge of spreading the Naxalite influence in urban
areas,arrested in Delhi on Sep 17.
•
• Ganapathi (45) a science graduate is the general
secretary of CPI (Maoist) and India’s most powerful
& wanted Naxal.
•
• Prashant Bose (50) is the second most powerful man
in Maoist party. Little else is known of him.
 Ideology
 ‘ THE NOTION THAT A NAXALITE IS SOMEONE WHO HATES HIS
COUNTRY IS NAIVE AND IDIOTIC . HE IS , MORE LIKELY , ONE WHO LIKES
THIS COUNTRY MORE THAN THE REST OF US , AND IS THUS MORE
DISTURBED THAN THE REST OF US WHEN HE SEES IT DEBAUCHED . HE IS
NOT A BAD CITIZEN TURNING TO CRIME ; HE IS A GOOD CITIZEN
FIGHTING FOR JUSTICE AND EQUALITY ’
 According to Naxalite leaders their fight is against five forms of
injustices:
• Class divisions

• Oppression against women

• Injustices against and harassment of Muslims

• Backwardness of the tribals

• Lack of development of backward areas


 Governments Initiative
• The Central Government is planning to pump in Rs 7,300 crore
in security and infrastructure projects in the affected
districts over the next three years. In the first phase, six
districts in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa and Maharashtra
are to implement the plan.
• The latest attacks have resulted in a counter -offensive
launched by some 70,000 paramilitary forces in strategic
locations in what is called the Red Corridor.
 The paramilitary personnel to be deployed are
mostly those trained in jungle and guerrilla warfare as well as
counter-insurgency tactics, drawn from the Central Reserve
Police Force (CRPF), Indo-Tibetan Border Police, Border Security
Force, Sashastra Seema Bal, Commando Battalion for Resolute
Action (CoBRA). Apart from choppers, the strategy is also to
use satellites to track the movements of militants.
• The forces are to be deployed until the area comes under full
control and development schemes and infrastructure take
root

•
 CHALLENGES
 Guerrilla warfare the tactic used by maoist is the irregular warfare and
combat in which a small group of combatants use mobile
military tactics in the form of ambushes and raids to combat a larger
and less mobile formal army.


 Tackling them is a daunting challenge because of the dense forests they

operate in, their tribal knowledge of local conditions and topography,
support from impoverished villagers and the alarming sophistication of
the weaponry at their command-from mines and grenades to AK-47s
and rocket launchers.


No state ruling party has paid importance and took

the Maoist challenge seriously with Centre.


THANK YOU

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