THE CPU

Computer presentation

Ilse Paola Garca Villarreal #13

Mara Josefina Villarreal Ruiz #34
Cecilia Torres Montelongo #28
Debanhi Teutli Saldaa #27
Vanessa Pier Galindo #20
Daniela Eugenia Esparza Romero #11

INDEX

CPU: THE REAL COMPUTER

COMPATIBILITY
PERFORMANCE
FROM MULTICORE TO CLUSTER
THE COMPUTERS MEMORY
GREEN COMPUTING
HOW IT WORKS: THE CPU
HOW IT WORKS: MEMORY
BUSES, PORTS AND PERIPHERALS
INVENTING THE FUTURE
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

CPU: The Real

Computer
The computer transforms of input to output. A
modern microprocessor, or CPU contains chips and
electronic components. The circuit boards
contain a computers CPU that is called
motherboard.
Important for a CPU: Compatibility &
PERFORMANCE

Compatibility
Processors designed AMD (Advanced Micro
Devices) are compatible with the ones made by
Intel.
Not ALL softwares are compatible with every
CPU. That means, softwares written for one
processor may not work with another. Virtual
machine software can often overcome
incompatibility problems by translating
instructions written for one CPU or software
system into instructions that another can
execute.

Performance
A computers overall is determined by the speed of its
microprocessors internal clock. A modern computers
clock speed is measured in units called gigahertz (GHz),
for billions of clock cycles per second. PC performances
can also be affected by the architecture of the processorthe design that determines how individual components of
the CPU put together and work together on the chip.

FROM MULTICORE TO CLUSTER

The divide and conquer parallel processing techniques used in multi core PCs
are applied on a much larger scale in high-end server systems. Instead of adding
more cores to a CPU, a large system might simply add more machines to a
network. This way, the processing resources of multiple servers can be grouped
together in a cluster to improve rendering speeds in lifelike computer graphics or
calculate the sums of complex financial trading computations more quickly.

The Computers Memory

The CPUs main job is to follow the instructions encoded in programs. The computer needs a
place to store the rest of the data until the processor is ready for them. That's what the RAM is
for. The RAM chips contain circuits that temporarily store instructions and data. You can store a
piece of information in any RAM location, click one at random, and if instructed the computer can
retrieve it.
(random access memory)

Green Computing

Buy green equipment. Todays computer equipment uses relatively little energy, but as world
energy resources dwindle, less is always better. Many modern computers are specifically designed
to consume less energy.
Use a laptop. Portable computers use far less energy than desktop computers. Batteries wear
out from repeated usage, and their disposal can use environmental problems of a different
sort.
Take advantage of energy-saving features. Most systems can be set up to go to sleep (a sort
of suspended animation state that uses just enough power to preserve RAM). If your equipment
has automatic energy-saving features, use them. Youll save energy and money.
Turn it off when youre away. Turn off your computer if you will not use it for several hours,
you;ll do the environment a favor by turning it off or putting it to sleep.
Print only once. Dont print out a rough draft just to proofread; try to get it clean on screen.
E-cycle your waste products. When you reprint that 20 page report because of a missing
paragraph on page 1, recycle the flawed printout.

HOW IT WORKS THE CPU

The CPU is the hardware component that
executes the steps in a software program, it
performs a variety of simple tasks called
instructions. Most CPUs have a vocabulary of
fewer than 1,000 distinct instructions. Its speed
is measured in MIPs- millions of instructions
per second. It is divided into several functional
units: control, arithmetic logic, decodes, bus,
and prefetch.

How it works: Memory

The CPU can store and retrieve information from the RAM. RAM chips are usually grouped in
small circuit boards called dual In-line memory module. RAM is volatile memory meaning that
all information is lost when power to the computer is off.

But information is permanently recorded on the ROM, meaning the CPU can read information
from the ROM but cannot change its content.

Buses, Ports, and Peripherals

Information travels between components on the motherboard called internal
buses. Buses connect in bays, or open areas of the system box, they also connect
to expansion slots. Users can customize computers by inserting special-purpose
circuit boards called expansion cards. It connects to ports, and ports connect to
peripherals, or external devices that enable the CPU to communicate or store
info. This peripherals connect to are connected through external buses- cables
that transmit data back and forth between computers and peripherals.One of
those peripherals is the USB port. Another peripheral is the PC cards- small
removable cards that contain memory.

Inventing the Future

Researches are working on a variety of fronts to produce future generations
of computers that are smaller, faster, and more powerful, and more energy
efficient. More circuitry into smaller spaces. Nanotechnology that
approaches the molecular atomic level. A one-atom thick sheet of carbon
known as graphite. Nanotechnology breakthroughs may be stepping stones on
the road to quantum computers. Another possibility for future CPUs is the
optical computer, which transmits information in light waves.

Discussion Questions
Do you think the Long Now Clock is a good idea?
Why or why not?
In ancient times, they thought that planning ahead whats a different and
more efficient way for the people. So having this Long Now Clock term can
be really helpful for many things in life, like politics, science, and
society.
Can you think of other ways to encourage long-term thinking?
One of the ways we can encourage this is by having the people educated on
this they can take advantage for their business or jobs.