Circulatory System

Single-circuit:
Blood passes from heart > Gills > parts of the body
Double-circuit:
O2-poor blood comes from heart > Lungs > O2-rich blood to the heart (pulmonary circuit)
O2-rich blood from the heart > parts of the body > O2-poor blood to the heart (systemic circuit)
Sinus venosus (SV) thin walls; little muscle; limited contractility; chiefly a collecting chamber for venous blood returning from the
parts of the body; pacemaker of the heart
Atrium (A)- staging area for blood that is about to enter the ventricle
Ventricle (V)- thick muscular walls; actual pumping portion of the heart
Conus arteriosus (CA)- continuous with ventral aorta; chiefly cardiac muscle and elastic CT; maintains steady arterial pressure in
ventral aorta
FISHES
HEART:
- has 4 chambers:
SV > A > V > CA
- two chambered
Teleosts:
Shorter CA than sharks;
instead of CA, it is called
bulbus arteriosus
(performs same role)
Lungfishes:
- Partial/complete

AMPHIBIANS
HEART:
- Partial/complete
(anurans & some
urodeles)
interatrial septum
- Partial ventricular
trabeculae
(maintain
separation
between O2 poor
and rich blood
coming from atria)

REPTILES
HEART:
- consists of 2
atria & 2
ventricles; sinus
venosus
- complete
separation of L
& R atria
Crocs:
- 2 ventricles
completely
separated

BIRDS
HEART:
- 2 atria & 2
ventricles
- complete
separation of L
& R atria
- 2 ventricles
completely
separated
- presence of SA
node and AV
node

MAMMALS
HEART:
- 2 atria & 2
ventricles
- complete
separation of L
& R atria
- each atrium has
ear-like flap,
auricle (blind
chamber)
- 2 ventricles
completely

interatrial septum
Partial
interventricular
septum
Formation of spiral
valve in CA (pair
of folds)
Short ventral aorta

Formation of spiral
valve in CA (single
flap)
Short ventral aorta

Turtles & Squamates:

- cavum venosum
(shunt O2 rich and
poor blood away from
specific arteries)

separated
presence of
trabeculae
carneae
(strengthen the
walls of these
powerful pumps
and increase
force)
bicuspid valve
(left) and
tricuspid valve
(right)
presence of SA
node and AV
node