Intervals (left)/Semitones from root (right)

1(root) - 0
b2 - 1
2-2
b3 - 3
3-4
4-5
#4/b5 - 6
5-7
#5/b6 - 8
6-9
b7 - 10
7 - 11
Octave - 12
b9 -13
9 - 14
#9 - 15
2/9 are the same just separated by an octave, same goes for 4/11 and 6/13
Chord formations/ intervals in chords
Three Note Chords
Major Chord, Triad - 1 3 5
Minor Chord, Triad - 1 b3 5
Diminished Triad - 1 b3 b5
Augmented Triad - 1 3 #5
Suspended Triads - 1 4 5
125
1 4 b7
Four Note Chords
Major 6th Chord - 1 3 5 6
Major 7th Chord - 1 3 5 7

Minor 7th Chord - 1 b3 5 b7

Minor maj 7 Chord - 1 b3 5 7
Dominant 7th Chord - 1 3 5 b7
Half Diminished 7th - 1 b3 b5 b7
Diminished 7th Chord - 1 b3 b5 6

Extensions for chords

Major Chords can add on 2/9, #4/#11, 6/13, and 7
Minor Chords can add on 2/9, 4/11, 6/13, and b7
Dominant Chords can add on 2/9, 6/13, and b7 for consonant sounds
4/11 for suspended sounds
b9/#9, #4/#11, #5/b6 for dissonant tensions
Important Scales, interval formations, chords they can be used on, chords in scales,
and typical scale progressions (Capital roman numerals indicate major chords on scale
degree, lower case indicate minor, will also be notated in key of C Major for
convenience.)
Pentatonic Scales, 5 note
Major Pentatonic - 1 2 3 5 6, can be played on any Major/Dominant chord
Minor Pentatonic - 1 b3 4 5 b7, can be played on any Minor chord
Diatonic Scales(Modes), 7 note
Major Scale (Ionian) - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7, Can be played over any major chords
Chord Scale
C, D, E, F, G, A, B

C Maj(7), D Min(b7), E Min(b7), F Maj(7), G Dom (b7), A Min (b7), B half Diminshed
(b7)
Typical Progressions I IV vamp: C Maj - F Maj
I IV V: C Maj - F Maj - G Dom
ii V I: D Min - G Dom - C maj
I iv vamp: C Maj - A Min
I iv ii V - C Maj - A min - D Min- G Dom
I iv IV V - C maj - A min - F Maj - G Dom
I ii iii IV - C Maj - D min - E min - F Maj

Mixolydian Scale(Mode) - 1 2 3 4 5 6 b7, can be played over any natural dominant chord
C, D, E, F, G, A, Bb
C Dom(b7), D Min(b7), E Half Dim (b7) F Maj (7) G Min (b7) A Min (b7) Bb Maj (7)
Progressions
I IV - C Dom(b7) - F Maj(7)
I bVII - C Dom(b7) - Bb Maj(7)
I v - C Dom(b7) - G min(b7)
Minor Scale(Aeolian Mode) - 1 2 b3 4 5 b6 b7, can be played over most minor chords
C D Eb F G Ab Bb
C min(b7) D half Dim(b7) Eb maj(7) F min(b7) G min(b7) Ab maj (7) Bb dom(b7)
Progressions
i iv v: C min - F min - G min

i bVI iv - C min - Ab maj - F min

i III iv - C min - Eb maj - F min
Dorian Scale(mode) - 1 2 b3 4 5 6 b7, can be played over most minor chords
MOST USED SCALE IN GROUP
C D Eb F G A Bb
C min(b7), D min(b7), Eb maj(7), F Dom(b7), G min(b7), A half dim(b7) Bb maj(7)
Progressions
i IV vamp - C min - F Dom
i ii III - C min - D min - Eb maj
i bVII IV - C min - Bb maj - F Dom

Deriving Modes from Major Scale

Each mode is based off of a scale degree in the major scale
Ionian Mode - is the major scale
Dorian Mode - is a minor scale starting on 2nd degree of major scale and ending on
same note
D E F G A B C D = D Dorian, based on notes in C Major
Phrygian Mode - minor scale starting on 3rd degree
E F G A B C D E = E Phrygian, based on notes in C Major
Lydian Mode - major scale starting on 4th degree
F G A B C D E F = F Lydian, based on C major

Mixolydian Mode - a dominant scale based on 5th degree

G A B C D E F G = G Dominant
Aeolian Mode - The minor scale starting on 6th degree
A B C D E F G A - A Minor (Aeolian)
Locrian Mode - a diminished scale starting on7th degree
B C D E F G A B - B Locrian, not used much
All Major scales
C Major: C D E F G A B C
G Major: G A B C D E F# G
D Major: D E F# G A B C# D
A Major: A B C# D E F# G# A
E Major: E F# G# A B C# D# E
B Major: B C# D# E F# G# A# B
F# Major: F# G# A# B C# D# E# F#
F Major: F G A Bb C D E F
Bb Major: Bb C D Eb F G A Bb
Eb Major: Eb F G Ab Bb C D Eb
Ab Major: Ab Bb C Db Eb F G Ab
Db Major: Db Eb F Gb Ab Bb C Db