Page 4-1

4.1

Chapter 4 Fuzzy Arthmetic

Fuzzy Numbers ( or Fuzzy intervals )
--- Fuzzy sets defined on R
Membership function A:R[0,1]
e.g., i, close to a real number
ii, around a given interval of real numbers
Applications : fuzzy control, decision making approximate reasoning,
optimization, statistics with imprecise probabilities.
Required properties of a fuzzy number A
( i ) A : a normal fuzzy set

l ( x)

(ii) A : a convex set, 0,1

(iii)

A : bounded support

Page 4-2
Cases of fuzzy numbers

Crisp

fuzzy

an

ordinary member

an
interval
of
numbers

Membership functions of fuzzy numbers need not be symmetric

large number

small number

Page 4-3
Membership function may
be piecewise-defined
Theorem 4.1 : Let A F ( R ) A : a fuzzy
number
fuzzy power

iff a, b
1

A( x ) l ( x)
r ( x)

a.
b.
c.

Normal
Convex
bounded

s.t.
x a, b

x , a

----- ( 4.1 )

x b,

Monotonic increasing
b,
Continuous from right

Where a. l : , a 0,1 : c,
d , l ( x) 0, x (, w )
1

Monotonic decreasing
Continuous from left

r : (b, ) 0,1 :

r ( x) 0, x ( w )
2,

Proof:
I, hecessity =>
1. Q A : normal
1A
1
Let A a, b

2. prove that the left part of A agree with l

(a )l : (, a ) 0,1

(b) Monotonic increasing

(c) Continuous from right

(d )l ( x ) 0, x (, w )

Page 4-4
a, Q 0 A( x) 1, x (, a ) l ( x )
A : (, a ) 0,1 agree with l : (, a ) 0,1
b. Let x y a, A( y ) min A( x ), A(a ) A( x )
Theorem1.1
(A:convex)

(1) Q A(a ) 1

A : increasing agree with l : monotonic increasing

c. assume A(x): not continuous from the right
Let x0 (, a) , be a discontinuous pt.
a sequence xn , s.t. xn x0 , n
xn x0
and lim
n

increasing

A( xn ) A( x0 )
Let lim
n
Q A : closed interval (Q A : convex)
x0 A

contradict

A( x0 )
A( x) : continuous from right
d. Q A : fuzzy number
0
A : bounded
w1 , s.t. A( x ) 0, x , w1

Page 4-5
3, prove r : monotonic decreasing
Continuous from the left
r : (b, ) [0,1]
r ( x) 0x ( w2 , )
II.

Sufficiency
i.
A defined by (4.1) is normal -----(a)
ii.
and its support 0 A : bounded----(b)
iii.
prove (0,1], A : a closed interval (i.e. A: convex)
proof : let X inf{x | l ( x) , x a} ----(c)
Y sup{x | r ( x) , x b} ---(d)

Show that

A : closed (i.e.,

A [ X , Y ] )

(A) prove A [ X , Y ]
proof : x0 A , if x0 a A( x0 ) l ( x0 )
i.e., x0 {x | l ( x ) , x a}
x0 inf{x | l ( x ) , x a} x ---(i)

Page 4-6
if x0 b A( x0 ) r ( x0 )
i.e., x0 {x | r ( x ) , x b}
x0 sup{x | r ( x) , x b} y
x0 [ X , Y ] A [ X , Y ]
(B) prove [ X , Y ] A (idea [ x , y ] A :)
proof : from (c) , i.e. X inf{x | l ( x) , x a}
a sequence {xn } in {x | l ( x) , x a}
xn x
s.t. lim
n
Q l : continuous from right
l ( x ) x(lim xn ) lim l ( xn )
n

x A similarly y A
[ x , y ] A
( A)( B ) [ x , y ] A : a closed interval
(i)(ii)(iii)=> complete sufficiency
(I)(II) => complete theorem
Every fuzzy number can be represented in the form of (4.1)

Page 4-7
Examples
(a)
w1 a b w2 1.3
x ( ,1.3), l ( x) 0
x (1.3, ), r ( x) 0
(b)
w1 a 1.25, w2 b 1.35
x ( ,1.25), l ( x) 0
x (1.35, ), r ( x ) 0
(c)
a b 1.3,
w1 1.2, w2 1.4
l ( x) 0
x (,1.2)
10( x 1.3) 1 x [1.2,1.3)
r ( x) 10(1.3 x) 1 x (1.3,1.4]
x (1.4, )
0
(d)
a 1.28, b 1.32
w1 1.2, w2 1.4
l ( x) 0
x (,1.2)
12.5( x 1.28) 1 x [1.2,1.28)
r ( x) 12.5(1.28 x) 1 x (1.32,1.4]
x (1.4, )
0

Page 4-8
a = 90, b=100
w1 77.5, w2 100
x , 77.5
0
0.08( x 90) 1 x 77.5,

l ( x)

r ( x ) 0, x (100, )

Fuzzy Cardinality A
A. a fuzzy number defined on N
A

A
Example

Page 4-9.
0.13 0.27 0.4 0.53 0.67 0.8 0.93 1.0
| D%

2 |
19
17
15
13
11
9
7
5
e.g.
x {30,50}, D2 ( x) 0.67
50 30
1 11
2
B. Scalar Cardinality | A |
| A |

| A |

A( x)

xsup( A )

Example :
| D%
2 | 0.13* 2 0.27 * 2 0.4* 2 0.53* 2 0.67 * 2 0.8* 2 0.93* 2 1*5 12.46

Page 4-10
4.3 Arithmetic Operations on Fuzzy Numbers
Idea: Define operations in terms of arithmetic operations on -cuts which are
a subject of interval analysis of classical mathematics.
Fuzzy number can uniquely be represented by their-cuts.
Classical interval analysis
4 operations
+,-,,/
Let denote any of the 4 operations

a , b d , e f g | a

f b, d g e

except a, b / d , e when 0 [d , e]
The result of an operations on closed intervals is a closed interval.

Page 4-11
Definitions of operations
[ a, b] [ d , e] [ a b, b e]
[ a , b ] [ d , e ] [ a b, b e ]

[ a, b] [ d , e] [min(ad , ae, bd , be), max(ad , ae, bd , be)]

[ a, b] /[ d , e] [ a, b] [1 / e,1 / d ] [min(

where 0 [d , e]
Examples
1.[2,5]+[1,3]=[3,8]
2.[2,5]-[1,3]=[-1,4]
3.[3,4][2,2]=[6,8]
4..[4,10]/[1,2]=[2,10]

a a b b
a a b b
, , , ), max( , , , )]
d e d e
d e d e

Page 4-12
Properties of Operations
Let A [a1 , a 2 ] , B [b1 , b2 ] , C [C1 , C 2 ] , 0 [0,0] , 1 [1,1]
A B B A
A B B A

1. Commutativity

( A B) C A ( B C )
( A B) C A ( B C )

2. Associativity

A 0 A A0
A 1 A A 1

3. Identity

4. Subdistributivity A ( B C ) A B A C
5. Distributivity
If b B, c C , b c 0, A ( B C ) A B A C
6. 0 A A,1 A / A,0 A
7. Inclusion monotonicity
If A E , B F

A B E F
A B E F

A B E F
A / B E / F

Page 4-13
Prove Subdistrubutivity ( A ( B C ) A B A C )
Proof A ( B C ) {a (b c) | a A, b B, c C}
{a b a c ) | a A, b B, c C}

Less Re striction(loose) {a b a c) | a, a A, b B, c C} A B A C
( A (B C) A B A C)

Example
Let A=[0,1], B=[1,2], C=[-2,-1]

A B [0,1] [1,2] [0,2]

A C [0,1] [ 2,1] [ 2,0]

B C [1,2] [ 2,1] [ 1,1]

A ( B C ) [0,1] [1,1] [ 1,1]

A B A C [0,2] [ 2,0] [2,2]
A (B C) A B A C

Page 4-14
Prove Distributivity : ( f b B, c C , bgc 0,
Ag( B C ) AgB AgC )
Proof : Let A [a1 , a2 ], B [b1 , b2 ], C [c1 , c2 ]
1. assume

i.e , b1 , c1 0

B,C
0

Case 1 : a1 0
Ag( B C ) [a1 (b1 c1 ), a2 (b2 c2 )]
[ a1b1 a1c1 ), a2b2 a2c2 )]
[ a1b1 , a2b2 ] [a1c1 , a2c2 )]
Case2 : a2 0
( A) [a2 , a1 ]
( A)g( B C ) )( A)gB ( A)gC
A
Ag( B C ) AgB AgC
[ ]

A
[
0

0
Case3 : a1 0, a2 0
Ag( B C ) [a1 (b2 c2 ), a2 (b2 c2 )]
[ a1b2 , a2b2 ] [a1c2 , a2 c2 ]
AgB AgC
B,C
2. Similarity ,
0

A
[

0
, i.e., b2 , c2 0

Page 4-15
4.4 . Arithmetic Operations on Fuzzy Numbers
Fuzzy Arithmetic : Interval arithmetic
Extension principle
Interval arithmetic method

( A B) A B
see theorem 4.2 (c)
*: arithmetic operation
From Theorem 2.5
A B

[0,1]

( A B)

Example :
Let
A(x) =

0
(x+1)/2
(3-x)/2

x 1, x 3
1 x 1
1 x 3

x 1, x 5
0
1 x 3
(x-1)/2
3 x 5
(5-x)/2

A [2 1,3 2 ], B [2 1,5 2 ]
B(x) =

now,

( A B ) [4,8 4 ]
( A B ) [4 6, 2 4 ]

(0,1]
(0,1]

( AgB )

(0,.5]
(.5,1]
(0,.5]
(.5,1]

=
( A / B)
=

Q 0.5
Both A, B 0

[4 2 12 5, 4 2 16 15]
[4 2 1, 4 2 16 15]
[(2 1) /(2 1), (3 2 ) /(2 1)]
[(2 1) /(5 2 ), (3 2 ) /(2 1)]

Page 4-16
From [4,8 4 ]
Q f (4 )

g (8 4)

f ( )

g ( )

8
4

f ( x)

x
4

g ( x)

8 x
4

Q 0 1

0 4 4
i.e., 0 x 4

(A+B)(x)=

Q 0 1

0 4 4
0 4 4

8 8 4 4
i.e., 4 x 8

0
x
4
8 x
4

x 0, x 8
0 x4
4 x8

Page 4-17
( A B)( x) 0

x 0, x 8

x
4

0 x4

8 x
4

4 x8

( A B )( x)

x 6, x 2

x6
4

6 x 2

2 x
4

2 x 2

( AgB )( x)

x 5, x 15

0
1

3 (4 x) 2
2
(1 x)
2

1
2

5 x 0

0 x3
1

4 (1 x) 2
2

3 x 15

Page 4-18

0
X 5, X 15
[3 (4 X )1 / 2 ] / 2
5 X 0

Show ( A B )( X )
1/ 2
0 X 3
(1 X ) / 2

3 x 15
[4 (1 X )1 / 2 ] / 2
[ 4 2 12 5,4 2 16 15], (0,0.5]

From ( A B )

[4 2 1,4 2 16 15], (0.5,1]

A. Let x 4 2 12 5 4 2 12 (5 x) 0 by
x

3 4 x (0,0.5]
b b 2 4ac

2
2a

As
00
0

3 4 x
3 4 x

()(3 4 x 0, 4 x 3, )
2
2

3 4 x
x 5
2

As 0.5 0.5
0.5

4 x
1 3 4 x
,0.5
()
2
2
2

1 3 4 x

x0
2
2

5 x 0

B. Let x 4 2 16 15 4 2 16 15 x 0

4 1 x (0,0.5]
2

As 0 0
0

4 1 x
4 1 x
,0
()
2
2

4 1 x
x 15
2

As 0.5 0.5
0.5

4 1 x
1 4 1 x
,0.5
()
2
2
2

1 4 1 x

x8
2
2

8 x 15

Page 4-19
x 4 2 16 15 4 2 16 15 x 0
4 (1 x)
2
Q (0.5,1]

C. Let

2
2
4 (1 x)
2 4 (1 x) x 4 1 4 1 x 0
11
,1
2
2
2
1 4 (1 x)
0.5
x 8
2
2
4 (1 x)
5 8 x 15 x
x8
2

(1 x )
2
Q (0.5,1]

As Q 0.5 0.5

(1 x )
1

2
2

x 0
0 x 3
D. Let x 4 2 16 15 4 2 16 15 x 0
4 (1 x)
2
Q (0.5,1]

As 0.5 , 0.5
0.5

4 (1 x)
()
2

1 4 (1 x)

x8
2
2

As 1 1

4 (1 x)
2 4 (1 x)
()
,1
2
2
2

2 4 (1 x)

x3
2
2
3 x 8
By (A),(B),(C),(D)
1

(A).when 5 x 0 x

3 (4 x)
2

(B).when 8 x 15 x

4 (1 x)
2

(C).when 0 x 3 x
(D).when 3 x 8 x
i.e

4 (1 x)
2

x 5, x 15

0
3 (4 x)
2

( AgB )

(1 x )
2

(1 x)
2
4 (1 x)
2

5 x 0
0 x3
3 x 15

Page 4-20
(A/B)(x)=

-1

(5x+1)/(2x+2)

1/3

(3-x)/(2x+2)

1/ 3 x 3

( A / B)

[
[

let x=

, x3

(x+1)/(2-2x)

Derivation : from

i.

-1

2 1 3-2
,
]
2 +1 2 +1

2 1 3-2
,
]
5 2 2 +1

[0,0.5]
[0.5,1]

2 1
, (2 +1)x=2 1 2x +x=2 -1
2 +1

(2 x 2) 1 x
as 0 0

1 x
,Q (0, 0.5]
2 2x

1 x
x 1 ( )
2 2x

as 0.5 0.5

1 x
1 x 1 x x 0 [ ]
2 2x

3 2
3 x
,
2 1
2x 2
ii, Let
Q (0.5,1] 1 x 3
x

f 3 ( x)
2 1
5x 1
,
5 2
2 2x
iii, Let
1
Q (0.5,1] 0 x
3
x

f 4 ( x)
3 2
3 x
,
2 1
2x 2
iv, Let
1
Q (0.5,1] x 1
3
x

f 4 ( x)

1
x3
3