| POLYNOMIALS Qu. Sol. Sol. Q5. Sol. EXERCISE 2.1 Which of the following expressions are polynomials in one variable and which are not? State reasons for your answer. (@ 42 3x47 Wi) y24V2 Gi BNE +E (iv) yo? Wo + y+ x (i) Polynomial in one variable, x Ans. (ii) Polynomial in one variable, y. Ans. Gii) 3V¢+tV2 is not a polynomial as power of ¢ in yt is not a whole number. Ans. (iv) y+2 is not a polynomial as power of y in second term, ie. 2 = 97 is not a whole number. Ans. (v) = + y3 + °° is not a polynomial in one variable but a polynomial in three variables x, y and z. Ans. . Write the coefficients of x? in each of the following : D2ePex GIP +8 Gi) Fre iv) VBx-1 ( In 2 + x? + x, coefficient of x? is 1. Ans. (ii) In 2 — x? + x3, coefficient of x? is 1. Ans. way TE . x (ii) 3" +x, coefficient of x? is g: Ans. (iv) J2x-1, x? is not present hence no coefficient. Ans. . Give one example each of a binomial of degree 35, and of a monomial of degree 100. . 225 +5 is a binomial of degree 35. 2y1 is a monomial of degree 100. Ans. Write the degree of each of the following polynomials : (i) Bx3 + 4x2 + Tx (ii) 4-y® (iii) BL-VT (iv) 8 (i) Degree is 3 as x3 is the highest power. Ans. Gi) Degree is 2 as y? is the highest power. Ans. Gii) Degree is 1 as ¢ is the highest power. Ans. (iv) Degree is 0 as x° is the highest power. Ans. Classify the following as linear, quadratic and cubic polynomials: @) +x (ii) x — x3 Gi) y ty? +4 (iv) L+x (v) 3¢ (wi) r? (vii) 7x3 (i) x? + x is quadratic. Gi) x — x? is cubic. (iii) y + y? + 4 is quadratic, (iv) 1 + x is linear. (v) 3¢ is linear. (vi) r? is quadratic. (vii) 7x3 is cubic.EXERCISE 2.2 Q.1. Find the value of the polynomial 5x — 4x? + 3 at @x=0 (i) x =-1 (i) x = 2 Sol. p(x) = 5x — 4x? + 3 @) At x = 0, p(0) = 5 x 0-4 x 0? + 3 =3 Ans, (i) At x = -1, p(-) = 5 x CI) - 4 x (1)? +3 =-5-44+3=-6 Ans. (iii) At x = 2, p(2)=5 x 2-4 x (2)? +3=10-16+3=-3 Ans. Q.2. Find p(0), p(1) and p(2) for each of the following polynomials : @py=y2-y+1 Ww pH =2+t+ 2-8 (Gi) p(x (iv) p(x) = (& - 1) @ +) Sol. (i) py) =? -y 41 1 1 3. Ans. Gi) p®) = 2+¢+ 2-8 2+04+2x 02-0? =2 2+14+2xP-B=4 2+2+2x«2?-2=44+8-8=4. p(2) = 8. Ans. Gv) pa) = @ — D+) pO -1) (1) = - PL. 1-)a+D=0 p2) = (2-1) (2+ 1) =3 Ans. Q.3. Verify whether the following are zeroes of the polynomial, indicated against them. @ pls) = 3x + Lent (ii) plx) = x — 1, x = : (iii) p(x) =x? -1,x=1,-1 (iv) p(x) = (x + 1) (e - 2), x =-1,2 (vy) pa) =x, x=0 (vi) p(x) = lx + m, x = = (vii) p(x) = 8x2 - t,x = 1 2 v3 V3 (iti) p(x) = 2x +1, x = ; Sol. (i) Yes. 3x + 1 = 0, for x =i. Ans. Gi) No. 5x —n=5x £—n=4-n40 Ans, Gii) Yes. x2 -1= 2 — 0 forx=1 and x? — 1 = (-1)? -1 = 0 for x = 1 Ans. (iv) Yes. (v + 1) (x — 2) = 0 for x =-1, or, x = (v) Yes. x? = 0 for x = 0(vi) Yes. Ix + m = 0 for x = _™ oe 1 -1 (vii) 8x2 — 1 = 8=-1=0 fe =— vii) 3x ; ore = and $2 -1=3-4-1=840 -1 2 Thus, for —= is a zero but — —= is not a zero of the polynomial Ans. WB B polyns 1 (viii) No. 2x + 1 #0 for x = 2 Q.4. Find the zero of the polynomial in each of the following cases : @) p@) =x 45 (ii) ple) =x —5 (iti) p(x) = 2x + 5 (iv) p(x) = 8x - 2 (v) p(x) = 3x (vi) p(x) = ax,a #0 (vii) p(x) = ex + d, c #0, ¢, d are real numbers. Sol. (i) x + 5 = 0, x = -5, so, 5 is the zero of x + 5 Ans. Gi) x — 5 = 0, x = 5 80, 5 is the zero of x — 5 Ans. Gii) 2x + 5 = 0, > 2x = 5, 5 x= 2, s0-5 is the zero of 2x + 5 Ans. iv) 8x - 2205 3r=2 = x= 2, s0 2 is the zero of 3x — 2 Ans. (w) 8x = 0, => x ='0, s0 0 is the zero of 3x Ans. (Wi) ax = 0 (a #0) x= 2 =0, 50, is the zero of ax Ans. Wii) ex +d =0(¢ 40) Sore sxe =, s0, = is the 0 of cx +d Ans. EXERCISE 2.3 Q.1. Find the remainder when x3 + 3x2 + 3x +1 is divided by @x+l ai) xt iii) x (iw) 4m (v) 5 + 2x Sol. p(x) = x3 + 8x? + 8x +1 @) When p(x) is divided by x + 1, ie, x +1=0, x =~1 is to be substituted in ptx). pe) = +3 C2 4+3C)+1 =-1+3-341=0 Remainder = 0. Ans. 1 1 (ii) When p(x) is divided by x ~ 5 remainder is (5 . 2 p(t) = (2) +32) 43(2 Jaa 2) \2 2 2 101.3.3 14641248 = 2434341 = tess 842 8 : Remainder = ze 32 Ans. Gii) When p(x) is divided by x, then remainder is p(0). x = 0, substitute in p(x) pO) = 09 +3x02+3x0F1=1, :. Remainder = 1 Ans. Gv) Wgeb p(x) is divided by x + x, then, remainder is p(-n). x = -1 to be substituted in p(x) Pin) = (93 +3 (2 43M 41 s. Remainder = —1° + 8n2- 3n + 1 Ans. -5 (v) When p(x) is divided by (5 + 2x), then remainder is oz} -125 75 15 —125+150-60+8 = a 8 4 2 8 Remainder = — BL = Ans. Q.2. Find the remainder when x? - ax? + 6x — a is divided by x - a. Sol. p(x) = x3 - ax? + 6x —a When p(x) is divided by x — a, the remainder is p(a). Substitute x = @ in p(x) pla) = a3 — a + 6a—a=5a Ans. Q.3. Check whether 7 + 3x is a factor of 3x3 + Tx. Sol. 7+ 3x =0 => b= => x= Substitute x = [in p(x) = 8x4 + Tx -1) (7 e of2) = 734849 _ ~348-147 _ -490 3 asyt 3) 9 3 9 9° So, remainder = = which is different from 0. Therefore, (3x + 7) is not a factor of the polynomial 3x? + 7x. Ans. EXERCISE 2.4 Q.1. Determine which of the following polynomials has (x + 1) a factor : @i+xPrexte. Waterton gd (iii) x4 + 8x3 + Bx? 4x41 iv) 8-2 — B+ VByxr+V2 11Sol. To have (x + 1) as a factor, substituting x = -1 must give p(-1) = 0. @ ai +a? 4x41 = (18 + (1? + CD +15-1+1-1+1=0 Therefore, x + 1 is a factor of x? + x2 +x +1 Ans. Gi) tt x84 24x41 = (lf + C3 + C1 + CI +1s1-14+1-14+121 Remainder is not 0. Therefore (x + 1) is not its factor. Ans. (ii) x4 + 38x34 3x2 +041 = (-1t + 3-1) + 30-2 + (41 =1-3+3-1+41=1. Remaidner is not 0 Therefore, (x + 1) is not its factor. Ans. Gv) x8 — x? — @+VBye+ V2 = (18 - Ch? - @+V2) 1) + V2 =— 1-14 2+ y2+V2 = 2,2 Remainder not 0, therefore (x + 1) is not a factor. Ans. Q.2. Use the Factor Theorem to determine whether g(x) is a factor of p(x) in each of the following cases : @ ple) = 28 + x2 — 2 —1, gle) = x41 (ii) p(x) = x9 + 8x2 + 8x +1, g(x) =x +2 (iii) p@) = 8 — 42 +x + 6, gx) = x -3 Sol. @) g(x) = x + 1. x =~ 1 to be substituted in p(x) = 2x3 + x? — 2x —1 pL) = 2C1)8 + Cb? - 2) -1=-24+1+2-1=0, So, g(x) is a factor of p(x). Ams. (ii) gx) = x + 2, substitute x = — 2 in p(x) p(x) = 23 + 8x2 + 8x41 p(-2) = (-2)9 + 3(-2)? + 8-2) + 1 =-8+12-64+1=-1. So, g(x) is not a factor of p(x) Ans. (ii) g(x) = x — 3 substitute x = 3 in (x). pix) = 28 — 42 +40 4+ 6 p(3) = (38)8 — 48) +3 +6 = 27-364+3+6=0. Therefore, g(x) is a factor of x* — 4x? + x + 6. Ans. Q.3. Find the value of k, ifx — 1 is a factor of p(x) in each of the following cases : @) px) =x 4+x4hk Gi) p(x) = 2x2 + kx + V2 (iii) p(x) = kx? — J2x+1 (iv) p(x) = kx? - 8x +k Sol. (x — 1) is a factor, so we substitute x = 1 in each case and solve for k by making p(1) equal to 0. @ p@) =x? +x4k pl) =1+1+k=05k=-2 Ans. (i) p(w) = 2x2 + kx + V2 pl) =2x P+kx1+ V2 =0 12=> 2+k+ 2 =0 => k=-2-V2 =-(@+V2) Ans. (ii) p(x) = kxe® - V2x41 pl) =k- v2 +1=0 = k= 2-1 Ans. (iv) p(x) = kx? - Bx +k pd) =k-3+k=0 = 2k- = 3 Ans. Q.4. Factorise : (i) 12x? — Ix + 1 (ii) 2x? + Tx + 8 (iii) 6x? + Bx — 6 (iv) Bx? - x — 4 Sol. (i) 12x? - 7% +1 = 12x? - dx - Bx + 1 = 4x (8x — 1) - 1 (8x — 1) = x - 1) (Bx — 1) Ans. (ii) 2x? + Tx + 3 =? + Gx tx 43 = 2x (x +3) 41% +3) = Qe +1) +3) Ans. (iii) Gx? + Be - 6 = 6x? + Ox — 4x — 6 = Bx (2x + 3) — 2 (2x + 8) = (Bx — 2) (2x + 8) Ans. (iv) 8x2 x — 4 = 8x2 — dx + Bx — 4 = x (Bx — 4) + 1 (Bx — 4) = @ + 1) Bx— 4) Ans. Q.5. Factorise : (i) x8 — ®— x 42 (ii) x3 — 8x? — 9x — 5 (iii) x3 + 13x? + 32x +20 (iv) 2y + y® — Qy—1 Sol. (i) p(x) x? - 2x2 - x +2 Let us guess a factor (x — a) and choose value of a arbitrarily as 1. Now, putting this value in p(x). 1-2-1+2=0 So (x — 1) is a factor of p(x) Now, x3 — 2x? -x+2=x3 -x2-—x?4+x-2x42 =e @-D-x@-)-2@-1 =@-1 @-x-2) = (x — 1) (? - 2x + x — 2) = (x — 1) fe@ - 2) + 1-2) = (1) @ +1) @ — 2) Ans. To factorise it v2 — Qe +e - 2x @—2+1e-2=@+1) @- 2). After factorisation (x — 1) @ + 1) @ — 2). Gi) p(e) = x3 — 3x? - 9x — 5 Take a factor (x — a). a should be a factor of 5, ie. + 1 or + 5. For (x - 1), a=1 pd) = (3-63) 1? -9x 1-5 =1-3-9-5=-16. So, (x — 1) is not a factor of p(x). 13For a =5 p(5) = (5)8 — 3(5)? - 9 (5) — 5 = 125 - 75 — 45-5 =0. Therefore, (x — 5) is a factor of x® — 3x2 — 9x — 5. Now, x3 - 3x? — 9x — 5 = x9 — 5x? + Qe? — 10x +e — 5 = x? (w — 5) + 2x @ — 5) +1@—-5) 24% +1) =@-5)@+D@+D So, x3 — 8x2 — 9x — 5 = (x — 5) (@w + 1) @ + 1). Ans. Gii) p(x) = x3 + 18x? + 32x + 20 Let a factor be (x — a). a should be a factor of 20 which are + 1, +2,+4,4+5,+10. Forx—-1=0 >x=1 Now, p(1) = 1+ 13 + 32 + 20 = 6640 Hence, (x — 1) is not a factor of p(x). Again, forx+1=0 >x=-1 Now, p (-1) = -1 + 13 - 32 + 20 = -33 + 33 = 0 Hence, (x + 1) is a factors of p(x). Now, x3 + 18x? + 82x + 20 = x9 +22 + 12x? + 20x + 20 =e + 1) + 12" (+1) + 20@4+1) (x + 1) @? + 12x + 20) (¢ + 1) (x? + 10x + 2x + 20) = (x +1) && (& + 10) +2 @ + 10)} = (x +2)(@+1)@+10) Ans. (iv) p(y) = 2y3 + y? - 2y-1 factors of -2 are + 1, + 2. pd)2x 18+12-2x1-1 =2+1-2-1=0. Therefore, (y — 1) is a factor of p(y). Now, 2y® + y® — 2y — 1 = 2y3 — 2y? + By? — By ty — 1 2y? y - 1) + By ¥-D)+10-D (y — 1) (2y? + 3y) + 1D) (y — 1) Q@y2 + 2y +y + D O-DWo+)+1G+D =O-D)Y+DQy+) Therefore, 2y3 + 2 - 2y-1=(y- 1) @y+1) (4D. Ans. EXERCISE 2.5 Q.1. Use suitable identities to find the following products : (i) (x + 4) ( + 10) (ii) (x + 8) (x - 10) (iii) Gx +4) Be —5) Civ) yess ¥ 3 () @ ~ 2x) (B+ 2x) Sol. (i) Using identity (x + a) (x + b) = x24 (a +b) x +ab (w + 4) (x +10) = x2 + (4+ 10)x + 4 x 10 = x? + 14x + 40 Ans. (ii) Using the same identity as in (i) above (x + 8) (x - 10) = x2 + (8 — 10)x + 8 x (-10) = — 2x — 80 Ans. 14(iii) Using the same identity (3x + 4) (x ~ 5) Bx x Be + CL) Gx) ~ 20 = 9x? — 3x — 20. Ans, (iv) Using (x + y) (@ —y) = x? -y? eafet)- 05-8 (v) Using the same identity as in (iv) (3 = 2x) (3 + 2x) = 8? — (2x)? = 9 — 4x? Ans. Q.2. Evaluate the following products without multiplying directly : @) 103 x 107 (ii) 95 x 96 (iii) 104 x 96 Sol. (i) 103 x 107 = (100 + 3) (100 + 7) = (100)? + (8 + 7) x 100+3x7 10000 + 1000 + 21 = 11021 Ans. Gi) 95 x 96 = (100 — 5) (100 - 4) (100)? — (5 + 4) x 100+ 5x4 10000 — 900 + 20 = 9120 Ans. (ii) 104 x 96 = (100 + 4) (100 - 4) = 100? - 4? = 10000 ~ 16 = 9984 Ans. Q.3. Factorise the following using appropriate identities : @ 9x2 + Oxy +y? (ii) 4y2-— 4y +1 (iii) x? x Sol. (i) 9x? + 6xy + y? = (Bx)? + 2 (Bx) y + (y)? = (Bx + y)? [Using a? + 2ab + b? = (a + bP] = (8x + y) (Gx +y) Ans. (ii) 4y? — 4y +1 = (2y)? — 2(2y) (1) + (1)? = (2y — 1)? = @y — 1) @y — 1) [Using a? — 2ab + b? = (a — 5)? Ans. 2 5 Gi) 2-2 = (2 100 10 (a) [Using a? - 6? = (a +b) (a — 6)] An = sing a? — B = (a +b) (a — 5. (10) 10 8 Q.4. Expand each of the following, using suitable identities : @ (xe + 2y + 42)? ii) (Qe —y + 2)? iii) (Ox + By + 22)? 2 (iv) (3a — 7b — c)? — (v) (2x + By — 32)? (vi) [ a-hon| Sol. (i) (+ 2y + 42? =x? + (Qy)? + (dz)? + Qe x By + 2x By x det 2xdexx = x? + dy? + 162? + dxy + 16yz + 8zx Ans. Gi) (x - y + 2)? = (2x)? + Cy)? + @) + 2 x (2x) Cy) +2(y) @4+2@) x Be = 4x? + y? + 22 — dey — Qyz + dex Ams. 15(iii) (2x + By + 22)? = (2x)? + (By)? + (22)? + 2 2x) By) + 2 (8y) (2z) + 2 (22) (2x) = 4x2 + Qy? + 42 — 12xy + yz — Bex Ans. (iv) (8a — 7b - ©)? = (3a)? + (7b)? + (ec)? + 2 (8a) 7b) + 2 (-7b) (— ¢) + 2 (-c) (Ba) = 9a? + 49b? + c2 — 42ab + 14be — 6ac Ans. (v) (2x + By — 82)? = (2x)? + (Gy)? + (32)? + 2 C2x) (By) + 2 (5y) (-3z) + 2 (—3z) (2x) = 4x? + 25y? + 922 — 20xy — 30yz + 122x Ans. 2 2 1, +(—te +ayr+2(ta a, ye (47 ](2 +2 a, 1+2@)xLa 2 4 2 wi) [Fe-Zo41] = da? lee y1-Lap-orta 4 4 16 2 @ ab a = yy a! Ans, 4° 4. MS Q.5. Factorise : (i) 4x? + Qy® + 1622 + 12xy — Qdyz — 16xz (ii) 2x? + y? + 822 — BVA xy + 4 V2 yz — Bxe Sol. (i) 4x? + Qy? + 162? + 12xy — 24yz — 16xz = (2x)? + (By)? + (dz)? + 2 (2x) By) + 2(By) 42) + 2 (42) (2x) = (2x + By — 42)? = (2x + By — 4z) (2x + 8y — 4z) Ans. (ii) 2x? + y? + Bz? — 2V2 xy + 4V2 yz — Bxz = (V2 x)? + (Cy)? + (2 V2 2)? + 2 (V2 x) Cy) + 2 Oy) C222) +2 (V2x) © 2v22) = (W2x- y — 2V22)" (W2x —y — 2V2z) (V2x—y-2V2z) Ans. Q.6. Write the following cubes in expanded form : 3 3 @ Qx+1% Wi) Qa - 3b) Gi) [3x] (wv) [«-35| Sol. (i) (2x + 13 = (2x)? + 13 + 3(2x) (1) (xe + D) 3 + 1 + Gx (2x + 1) = Bx? + 12x? + 6x + 1 Ans, 2a)8 — (36)? — 3 x 2a x 8b (2a — 3b) 8a3 — 2763 — 18ab (2a — 36) 8a° — 2768 — 36a2b + 54ab? Ans. 3 3y) 413 43(3x la) Seat 2 2 2 = 2841422 (3 x41 2° \2 = T8278 eed Ans. 8 4 2 Gi) (a - 3b) 3 ii) [3++2] 1627 wv) [+25] Ans. Q.7. Evaluate the following using suitable identities : @ (99) Gi) (102)8 (iii) (998) Sol. (i) (99)? = (100 — 1)8 = (100) + (-1)? + 3(100) (-1) (100 - 1) 1000000 — 1 — 300 (100 ~ 1) = 1000000 — 1 — 30000 + 300 = 970299 (ii) (102) = (100 + 2) = 1003 + 28 + 3(100) (2) (100 + 2) 1000000 + 8 + 600 (100 + 2) = 1000000 + 8 + 60000 + 1200 = 1061208 Ans. (iii) (998) = (1000 — 2)3 = (1000) + (-2)8 + 3(1000) (-2) (998) = (1000)8 — 8 — 6000 (998) = 1000000000 — 8 — 5988000 = 994011992 Ans. Q.8. Factorise each of the following : (i) 8a3 + 63 + 12a + 6ab? (ii) 8a — b — 120 + Gab? (iii) 27 — 1250 — 185a + 22502 (iv) 64a — 2763 — 144a%b + 108ab? 3 1 92.1 () aap’ -Se- Sp +P Sol. (i) 8a3 + b3 + 12a2b + 6ab? = (2a)8 + b? + 3 (2a) (b) (2a + b) = (2a + b)® = (2a + b) (2a + b) (2a + 6) Ans. (ii) 8a — b8 — 12a°b + 6ab? (2a)3 + (-b)8 + 8 (2a) (-) (2a — b) = (2a — b)® = (2a — b) (2a — b) (2a — b) Ans. (iii) 27 — 12508 — 135a + 2250? = 33 + (5a) + 3 x (3) (Sa) (3 - 5a) = (3 — 5a)3 = (3 — 5a) (8 — 5a) (3 — 5a) Ans. (iv) 64a — 2763 — 1440 + 108ab? (4a)3 + (-3b)8 + 8 (4a) x (-8b) (4a — 3b) = (4a — 3b)8 = (4a — 3b) (4a — 36) (4a - 3b) Ans. wo amp 9,242 5 (py +3) +3 @r[-§|(3°-§) fs} 4) 3) 4) 17Qa. Sol. Q.10. Sol. Ql. Sol. Q.13. Sol. Qu. Sol. Verify : (i) x3 + y? = (x + y) (x? - xy + y?) Gi) x3 — y3 = (x — y) (x? + xy + 9?) (i) x3 + y3 = & +) (x? — ay + y*) RHS. (x? — xy + y®) + y (x? — ay + y?) a8 xy bay? + yx? ay? by? = a8 + 98 (x — y) (x? + xy + 9?) (x? + xy + y”) — y (2? + xy + y?) = x3 + xy + xy? — yx? — xy? — y' Factorise each of the following : (i) 2Ty3 + 12524 (ii) 64m — 343n3 (i) 27y3 + 12523 = (8y)3 + (2)? = (By + 5z) [(8y)? — (By) (5z) + z)"] = (By + 5z) Gy? — l5yz + 252%) Ans. Gi) 64m — 343n3 = (4m)3 — (Tn) = (4m — Jn) [(4m)? + (4m) (7n) + (Tn)? ‘4m — Tn) (16m? + 28mn + 49n2) Factorise : 27x3 + y? + 23 — xyz 27x3 + y3 + 23 — Guyz = (3x)8 + y3 + 23 — 8 (Bx) yz = (8x + y +2) (Ox? + y? + 22 — Bxy — yz — Bex) Ans. Gi) x3 - y8 RHS. . Verify that : x3 + y3 + 23 — Bayz = 5 (x + y +2) Ie —y)? + Gy - 2)? + @ - x)? . To verify : 1 Bayt 8 Bye = 5 ty +2) [ey +O - 24+ - 2) 1 RHS.= 5 (e+ y +2) bx? + y? — Qay 4 y? 4 29 — Bye + 2? + x — Der] = ty +2) [2x2 + Qy? + 222 — Quy — Qyz — 2zx] = (ety +2) be? + y? + 22 — xy — yz — 2x =x [x2 + y? + 2? — ay — yz - 2x] +y (2 + y2 + 22 — ay — yz — 2x) +2 @2 + y? + 22 — xy — ye — 2x) = a3 + xy? + x2? — x2y — xyz — 2x? + yx? + y3 + yz? — xy? — yz — exy + 2x2 + zy? + 23 — exy — y2? — 22x = 23 +3 423 — 3xy2 = LHS. Hence verified. If x+y +z = 0, show that x3 + y3 + 23 = Bxyz. xty+z=0 @ ty +28 = x94 y8 + 23 — Bayz = 0 => x3 + y3 + 29 = Bxyz. Proved. Without actually calculating the cubes, find the value of each of the following : (i) (-12)3 + (7) + (6) (ii) (28)3 + (-15)3 + (-13)3 From the above question, we have x? + y3 + 23 = 8xyz, ifxt+y+z=0 (i) Here -12+7+5=0 (-12)8 + (7)3 + (6)8 3 (-12) (7) (5) = - 1260 Ans. 18(ii) Here 28 + (-15) + (-13) = 0 So, (28) + (-15)? + (-13)8 = 3 x 28 (15) (-13) = 16380 Ans. Q.15. Give possible expressions for the length and breadth of each of the following rectangles, in which their areas are given : Area : 25a” — 35a +12| Area : 35y? +13y—12| 7) Gi) Sol. (i) Area = 25a? — 35a + 12 = 25a? — 20a - 15a + 12 = 5a (5a - 4) - 3 (5a - 4) = (a — 4) (5a - 3) So, one possible answer is length = (5a — 4), breadth = (5a — 3) Therefore (3) gives zero value and (5a — 8) is a factor. Second factor (5a — 4), lenght = (Sa — 3); breadth = (6a ~ 4). (ii) Area = 35y2 + 13y — 12 5y2 + 28y — By — 12 ly (By + 4) — 3 Gy + 4) = Gy +4) (ty — 3) So, (5y + 4) may be taken as breadth and (7y — 3) as length. Ans. Q.16, What are the possible expressions for the dimensions of the cuboids whose volumes are given below? Volume : 3x” — 122 Volume : 12ky” +8ky —20k| @ Wi) Sol. (i) abe = 3x? — 12x = 3x (x — 4) 3, x (x — 4) are the three factors so they can be three dimensions. (ii) abe = 12ky? + 8ky — 20k = 4k (3y? + 2y — 5) = 4k By Y¥-1) +5 -D} = 4k (y — 1) By + 5) 4k, (y — 1) and (3y + 5) are the three factors, so they can be three dimensions Ans. 19