Science Motion

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MOTION
TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS

Q.1.
An object has moved through a distance. Can it have zero

displacement? If yes, support your answer with example.
Ans.
Yes, it can have zero displacement.

Example : When a person walking along a circular track
returns back to the starting point, after completing one circle,
his displacement is zero, but he covers a distance equal to 2r
where r is the radius of circular track. The displacement is
zero, because the shortest distance between the initial and
final position of the person is zero.
Q. 2.
A farmer moves along the boundary of a square field of

side 10 m in 40 s. What will be the magnitude of
displacement of the farmer at the end of 2 minutes and 20
seconds?
Ans.
Time for journey of farmer = 2 min and 20 s = 140 s.

Perimeter of square field ABCD = 4 10 m = 40 m.
CBSEPracticalSkills.com
Time for going around the square field once = 40 s.

Number of times the farmer goes around the square field
=
140 s
1
= 3 times
40 s
2
Now for going once around the square field, the displacement
= Zero.
For going thrice around the square field, the displacement
= Zero
For
1
times of the square field, the distance covered
2
= 40 m
1
= 20 m
2
It is clear from the diagram that if the farmer starts from

point A, then he will cover 10 m along AB and then 10 m
along BC.
Displacement of farmer from the point A = Distance AC
= AB2 + BC2
= (102 + (10) 2
= 200 = 14.14m
Q. 3.
Which of the following is true for displacement?

(a) It cannot be zero
(b) Its magnitude is greater than the distance travelled
by the object.
Ans.
None of the statements (a) or (b) are true for displacement.
Q. 4.
Distinguish between speed and velocity.
Ans.
(a) Speed is the rate of change of motion, whereas velocity

is the rate of change of motion in a specified direction.
(b) Speed is a scalar quantity, whereas velocity is a vector
quantity.
Q. 5.
Under what condition(s) is the magnitude of average

velocity of an object is equal to its average speed.
Ans.
When the velocity of an object changes at uniform rate, then

the magnitude of average velocity is equal to its average
speed.
If u is the initial velocity and v is the final velocity of a
body moving with uniform acceleration, then,
Average speed = Average velocity =
u+v
2
Q. 6.
What does odometer of an automobile measure?
Ans.
The odometer measures the instantaneous speed of the

automobile at some particular time.
Q. 7.
What does the path of an object look like, when it is in

uniform motion?
Ans.
The path of an object will be a straight line, when a graph is

plotted between the distance covered and the time.
Q. 8.
During an experiment, a signal from a spaceship reached

the ground station in five minutes. What is the distance of
the spaceship from the ground station? The signal travels
at the speed of light, that is, 3 108 ms1.
Ans.
Speed of signal = 3 108 ms1.
Time in which signal reaches ground level = 5 min = 300 s.

Distance of spaceship from the ground level
= Speed Time
= 3 108 ms1 300 s.
= 9 1010 m
Q. 9.
When will you say a body is in (i) uniform acceleration?

(ii) non-uniform acceleration?
Ans. (i)
When equal changes in velocity take place in equal

intervals of time, then the acceleration is said to be
uniform.
(ii)
When unequal changes in velocity take place in equal

intervals of time, then the acceleration is said to be nonuniform.
Q. 10. A bus decreases its speed from 80 kmh1 to 60 kmh1 in

5 s. Find the acceleration of the bus.
Ans.
Initial speed = 80 kmh1 =
Final speed = 60 kmh1 =
80 1000
= 22.22 ms1.
60 60
60 100 1
ms = 16.67 ms1
60 60
Time = 5 s
Acceleration =
Final Speed Initial Speed

Time
(16.67 22.22) ms 1
=
5s
-5.55 ms 1
= 1.11 ms2.
=
5s
Q. 11. A train starting from a railway station and moving with

uniform acceleration attains a speed of 40 kmh1 in 10
minutes. Find its acceleration.
Ans.
Initial speed of train (u) = Zero

Final speed of train (v) =40 kmh1 =
40 100 m
= 11.11 ms
60 60 s
.
Time (t) = 10 min = 600 s
(11.11 0) ms 1
= 0.0185 ms2.
Acceleration (a) =
600 s
Q. 12. What is the nature of the distance-time graphs for

(i) uniform motion (ii) non-uniform motion of an object?
Ans. (i)
The distance-time graph for uniform motion is a

straight line not parallel to the time axis.
(ii)
The distance-time graph for non-uniform motion is not

a straight line. It can be a curve or a zig-zag line not
parallel to the time axis.
Q. 13. What can you say about the motion of an object, whose
distance-time graph is a straight line parallel to the time
axis.
Ans.
The object is stationary.
Q. 14. What can you say about the motion of an object, if its
speed-time graph is a straight line, parallel to the time
axis?
Ans.
The object is moving with a uniform motion.
Q. 15. What is the quantity measured by the area occupied

below the velocity-time graph?
Ans.
The displacement is measured by the area under velocitytime graph.
Q. 16. A bus starting from rest moves with a uniform

acceleration of 0.1 ms2 for 2 minutes. Find (a) the speed
acquired (b) the distance travelled.
Ans.
Initial speed (u) = 0 (As the bus is at rest)

Final speed (v)
= ? (To be calculated)
Acceleration (a) = 0.1 ms2.

Time (t)
= 2 min = 120 s
Distance travelled (S) = ? (To be calculated)

(a)Applying,
v = u + at
v = 0 + 0.1 ms2 120 s
Final speed (v) = 12 ms1

(b) Applying,
= ut +
1 2
at
2
S = 0 120 s +
1
0.1 ms2 (120 s)2
2
= 0 + 720 m
Distance travelled (S) = 720 m
Q. 17. A train is travelling at a speed of 90 kmh1. Brakes are

applied so as to produce a uniform acceleration of 0.05
ms2. Find how far the train will go, before it is brought to
rest.
Ans.
Initial speed (u) = 90 kmh1 =

Final speed (v)
90 100
ms1 (12 s) 2
60 60
=0
Acceleration (a) = 0.05 ms2

Distance covered (S)
= ? (To be calculated)
Applying, v2 u2 = 2aS
v2 u 2
S =
2a
(0) 2 (25ms 1 ) 2
S =
2 0.05ms 2
625m 2 s 2
S =
0.1ms 2
Distance covered (S) = 6250 m
Q. 18. A trolley while going down an inclined plane, has an

acceleration of 2 cms2. What will be its velocity 3s, after
the start?
Ans.
Initial velocity (u) = 0 (zero)

Final velocity (v) = ? (To be calculated)
Time (t)
=3s
Acceleration (a) = 2 cms2

Applying, v = u + at
v = 0 + 2 cms2 3 s
Final velocity (v) = 6 cms1

Q. 19. A racing car has a uniform acceleration of 4 ms2. What
distance will it cover in 10 s, after start?
Ans.
Initial velocity (u) = 0

Acceleration (a) = 4 ms2
Time (t)
= 10 s
Distance covered (S) = ? (To be calculated)

Applying,
S = ut +
1 2
at
2
= 0 10 s + 4 ms2 (10 s)2
= 0 + 200 m
10

Q. 20. A stone is thrown in a vertically upward direction with a
velocity of 5 ms1. If the acceleration of the stone during
its motion is 10 ms2 in the downward direction, what will
be the height attained by the stone and how much time
will it take to reach there?
Ans.
Initial velocity of stone (u) = 5 ms1

Final velocity of stone (v) = 0 (stone comes to rest at some
height)
Acceleration in the downward direction = 10 ms2
Acceleration in the upward direction (a) = 10 ms2.
Height attained by stone (S) = ? (To be calculated)
Time taken to attain height (t) = ? (To be calculated)
Applying,
Applying,
v = u + at
0 = 5 ms1 10 ms2 t
10 ms2 t = 5 ms1
5 ms 1
t=
10 ms 2
t = 0.5 s
v2 u2 = 2aS
11
(0)2 (5 ms1)2 = 2 10 ms2 S

25 m 2s 2
= 1.25 m.
S=
20 m 2
Q. 21. An athlete completes one round of a circular track of

diameter 200 m in 40 s. What will be the distance covered
and displacement at the end of 2 minutes and 20 s?
Ans.
Diameter of circular track = 200 m

Circumference of circular track = 2r ( 2r is equal to
diameter)
=
22
200 m
7
4400
m
7
Time for completing one round = 40 s.

Total time in which athlete moved = 2 min 20 s. = 140 s.
Now, in 40 s distance covered by the athlete =
In 140 s, distance covered by the athlete =
4400
7
4400m 140 s
7 40 s
Distance covered = 2200 m
12
Also in 40 s, the displacement of athlete will be zero as he

returns to the initial point, i.e., if he starts from point A, then
he will return back to the point A in 40 s.
Now, in 40 s, the number of rounds around the track = 1.
In 140 s the number of rounds around the track
140 s
1
=
=3
40 s
2
Now, for each complete round the displacement is zero.
Therefore, for 3 complete rounds the displacement will be
zero. Thus, it is very clear that final displacement will be due
1
to round.
2
Now, in half round the distance covered will be half of
circumference. In such a situation if the athlete is at point A,
then after half round he will be in the position B. Thus, his
displacement will be the diameter of circular track which is
200 m.
So, displacement after 2 min and 20 s = 200 m.
Q. 22. Joseph jogs from one end A to the other end B of a
straight 300 m road in 2 minutes and 50 seconds and then
turns around and jogs 100 m back to point C in another 1
minute. What are Josephs average speeds and velocities
in jogging (a) from A to B (b) B to C?
Ans.
Let us assume that Joseph jogs towards East from A to B.
13
Average speed =
Average velocity =
Distance covered
Time
300 m
= 1.76 ms1
170 s
Distance covered toward East
Time
= 1.76 ms1 towards East

When Joseph turns around from B to C toward West.
Average speed
Average velocity =
Distance covered 100 m

= 1.67 ms1
=
Time
60 s
Distance Covered toward West
Time
100 m
towards west
60 s
= 1.67 ms1 towards West

Q. 23. Abdul, while driving to school, computes the average
speed of his trip to be 20 kmh1. On the return trip along
the same route, there is less traffic and the average speed
is 40 kmh1. What is the average speed for Abduls trip?
Ans.
Average speed of trip
14
Initial average speed + final average speed

2
20 km h 1 + 40 km h 1
=
= 30 kmh1
2
Q. 24. A motor boat starting from rest on a lake accelerates in a

straight line at a constant rate 3.0 ms2 for 8.0 s. How far
does the boat travel during this time?
Ans.
Initial velocity of boat (v)
=0
Acceleration (a) = 3.0 ms2

Time (t)
= 8.0 s
Distance covered (S) = ? (To be calculated)

Applying, S = ut +
S = 0 8.0 s +
=0+
1 2
at
2
1
3.0 ms2 (8.0 s) 2
2
1
3 64 m = 96 m
2

Q. 25. A driver of car travelling at 52 kmh1 applies brakes and
accelerates uniformly in the opposite direction. The car
stops in 5 s. Another driver going at 3 kmh1 in another
car applies his brakes slowly and stops in 10 s. On the
15
same graph paper, plot the speed versus time graphs for
the two cars. Which of the two cars travelled farther after
the brakes were applied?
Ans.
The speed-time graphs of both the cars are shown alongside.
Speed (Km/hr)
52 C
3 D
5/3600 h
10 h
3600
O
B
Time (hr)
Distance travelled by car moving at 52 kmh1

=
Area of ABC
1
AB BC
2
1
52 kmh1 5 s
2
1 52000 m
5s
2
60 60
36.11 m
16
Distance travelled by car moving at 3 kmh1

=
Area of DBE
1
DB BE
2
1
3 kmh1 10 s
2
1
3000
10s
2 60 60 s
4.16 m
From the above figure, it is clear that car moving at 52 km h1

travels more distance on the application of brakes.
Q. 26. Figure below shows distance-time graph of three cars A,
B and C. Study the graph and answer the following
questions :
(a) Which of the three is travelling fastest?
(b) Are all three ever at the same point on the road?
(c) How far C travelled when B passes A?
(d) How far B travelled by the time at it passes C?
17
Ans.
(a)In order to find which amongst A, B and C travel fastest,

let us calculate their speed.
(i)
Speed of car A =
Sfinal Sinitial (11 6)

km = 3.125kmh 1
=
Time
1.6h
(ii)
Speed of car B =
Sfinal Sinitial (12 0)

=
km = 12 kmh 1
Time
1h
(iii)
Speed of car C =
Sfinal Sintial (12 2)

=
km = 7.14 kmh 1
Time
1.4 h
(b) No, they are never at the same point,

as the lines represented by A, B and C in the graphs do not
intersect at one point.
18
(c) When car B passes car A at point P, the distance covered

by the car C is (7 2) km = 5 km.
(d) Car B and C pass each other at point Q. The distance
travelled by B at that point is slightly more than 5 km
(approx 5.5 km).
Q. 27. A ball is gently dropped from a height of 20 m. If its
velocity increases uniformly at the rate of 10 ms2, with
what velocity will it strike the ground? After what time
will it strike ground.
Ans. Distance through which ball falls (S) = 20 m
Initial velocity of the ball (u) = 0
Acceleration of the ball (a) = 10 ms2
Final velocity of the ball (v) = ? (To be calculated)
Time of the fall (t) = ? (To be calculated)
Applying, v2
= u2 + 2aS
v2 = (0)2 + 2 10.0 ms2 20 m
v2 = 400 m2s2
v=
400m 2s 2 = 20 ms2
Applying, v = u + at
19
20 ms1 = 0 + 10 ms2 t
20 ms 1
=2s
t=
10 ms 2
Q. 28. The speed-time graph of a car is shown in figure below.
(a) Find how far does the car travel in first 4 seconds. Shade
the area on the graph that represents the distance
travelled by the car during this period.
(b) Which part of the graph represents uniform motion of
the car?
Ans. (a) The car travels with a non-uniform speed which is
accelerated motion in nature. The given shaded portion of
the graph represents the distance travelled by the car during
this period.
(b) The straight line portion of the graph represents uniform
motion of the car.
Q. 29. State which of the following situations are possible and
give and example for each of these.
20
(a)
An object with a constant acceleration, but with zero

velocity.
(b)
An object moving in a certain direction with an

acceleration in the perpendicular direction.
Ans. (a) This situation is not possible. It is because, in order to

have constant acceleration, there must be constant change
in velocity. Thus, the velocity of an object cannot be zero.
(b) When a stone tied to a string is whirled in a circular path,
the acceleration acting on it is always at right angles to the
direction of motion of stone.
Q. 30. An artificial satellite is moving in a circular orbit of
radius 42250 km. Calculate its speed, if it takes 24 hours
to revolve around the earth.
Ans.
Distance covered by satellite in 24 hours = 2r

22
42250 km
7
=2
Speed of satellite =
Distance 2 22 4225 km
=
Time
7 24 h
= 11065.48 kmh1.
21

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CBSEPracticalSkills.

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS

An object has moved through a distance. Can it have zero

Yes, it can have zero displacement.

A farmer moves along the boundary of a square field of

Time for journey of farmer = 2 min and 20 s = 140 s.

Time for going around the square field once = 40 s.

It is clear from the diagram that if the farmer starts from

Which of the following is true for displacement?

None of the statements (a) or (b) are true for displacement.

Distinguish between speed and velocity.

(a) Speed is the rate of change of motion, whereas velocity

Under what condition(s) is the magnitude of average

When the velocity of an object changes at uniform rate, then

What does odometer of an automobile measure?

The odometer measures the instantaneous speed of the

What does the path of an object look like, when it is in

The path of an object will be a straight line, when a graph is

During an experiment, a signal from a spaceship reached

Speed of signal = 3 108 ms1.

Time in which signal reaches ground level = 5 min = 300 s.

When will you say a body is in (i) uniform acceleration?

When equal changes in velocity take place in equal

When unequal changes in velocity take place in equal

Q. 10. A bus decreases its speed from 80 kmh1 to 60 kmh1 in

Initial speed = 80 kmh1 =

Final speed = 60 kmh1 =

Final Speed Initial Speed

Q. 11. A train starting from a railway station and moving with

Initial speed of train (u) = Zero

Q. 12. What is the nature of the distance-time graphs for

The distance-time graph for uniform motion is a

The distance-time graph for non-uniform motion is not

The object is stationary.

The object is moving with a uniform motion.

Q. 15. What is the quantity measured by the area occupied

The displacement is measured by the area under velocitytime graph.

Q. 16. A bus starting from rest moves with a uniform

Initial speed (u) = 0 (As the bus is at rest)

Acceleration (a) = 0.1 ms2.

Distance travelled (S) = ? (To be calculated)

Final speed (v) = 12 ms1

Q. 17. A train is travelling at a speed of 90 kmh1. Brakes are

Initial speed (u) = 90 kmh1 =

Acceleration (a) = 0.05 ms2

Distance covered (S) = 6250 m

Q. 18. A trolley while going down an inclined plane, has an

Initial velocity (u) = 0 (zero)

Acceleration (a) = 2 cms2

Final velocity (v) = 6 cms1

Initial velocity (u) = 0

Distance covered (S) = ? (To be calculated)

= 0 10 s + 4 ms2 (10 s)2

Distance covered (S) = 200 m

Initial velocity of stone (u) = 5 ms1

(0)2 (5 ms1)2 = 2 10 ms2 S

Q. 21. An athlete completes one round of a circular track of

Diameter of circular track = 200 m

Time for completing one round = 40 s.

Distance covered = 2200 m

Also in 40 s, the displacement of athlete will be zero as he

Let us assume that Joseph jogs towards East from A to B.

= 1.76 ms1 towards East