ss «arn ery x dog an die™ @ skuldugg in eh Se seren & “Ege S re © spittle “hom © thunderstruck clownishness ze9 Pumpernickey 9,000 PHONETIC WORDS FOR BEGINNING READERS Creampuff mudslinger Yp scalawag counterattack = ,,ackwu rst wep. SPlenetic i2\, _ tactlessness ns, we e OTS ait Pers. ty uo yan ee creepers “Cag Pe uae «te litterbug Se5, go! beledegog ok PO on SPasmodically ¥ ; eo" _ inoperative kindergarten ko 9 we any Sassafrags iin jos : Intercontinental une? impalpable Easy-To-Read Words : Notwithstanding gclefOUC = Whimsy FIntroduction The list of 9,000+ Easy-To-Read words was put together with the help of Alan Beale and his list of 30,000 common English words. The 30,000 words were found in 6 of 12 popular dictionaries and can justifiably be described as being common. WHAT DOES IT MEAN WHEN WE SAY A WORD IS PHONETIC? We developed and use the follow- ing definition. Words are phonetic if they follow rules that say they are phonetic. The most common rule for almost everyone is, “In a CVC word the vowel is a ‘short’ vowel”. Words that follow that rule are, BY DEFINITION “phonetic”. Words that do not follow the rule ~ “was”, “say”, “saw” and “car”, for instance. are not phonetic under this rule. “Say, “saw” and “car” are phonetic under other rules in this book. “War” does not follow any of our rules and is therefor a memory-word. The idea is to set logical rules and then pick words that follow those rules. We have set about 85 rules -~ 26 are alphabetic and the others are based on letter combination and the position of certain letters. For instance, in all words of more than one syllable that end in “e”, the “e” is silent, If such a multi-vowel word ends in “e” and that “e” is not silent -- we do not put it on our list. “Passe” and “posse”, therefor, are not on our list. + This is designed to be a simple, unambiguous, Easy-To-Read system for teaching beginning readers. + Once they get the hang of reading these 9,000 words (in first grade?) they should be able to handle the ambiguities of the full English language * 100% of the 9,000 selected words follow our letter-to-speech-sound correspondence (see pages 3 & 7). They are therefor “phonetic” and should be Easy-To-Read. + 73 very common words which are not perfectly phonetic are also listed -- see page 6. Those words can't be easily sounded-out and are therefor best memorized: we call them “memory-words”. We also list 218 memory words which are not as common as these 73. These words are clearly marked on our master list (pg. 114 to 149). + Most reading systems suggest that beginning students be taught the 340 short CVC words because those words are spelled regularly: that is, all the vowels are short vowels. This Easy-To-Read system goes somewhat further, being a list of more than 9,000 words with Easy-To-Read spelling regardless of the word length. Page 2BACKGROUND / EVOLUTION OF THE EASY-TO-READ WORDS 1) _ TALL STARTED WITH CVC WORDS. Many reading programs for beginners focus first on three-letter, single-syllable words which have the form “Consonant-Vowel-Consonant” (CVC). Aimost all of these words have a short vowel and most pro- grams teach only those CVC words with a short vowel. The reason for teaching these words first is that it builds confidence. The students are never faced with ambiguities -- every letter in every word has only ‘one sound. There are about 340 CVC words with a short vowel in the English language (ignoring proper nouns). Beginners can, at least, pronounce these words even if they have never seen a particular word before or do not have it in their verbal vocabulary. 2) BUT THATHAS LIMITATIONS: it's not easy to create interesting sentences with 340 CVC words alone. About the best we can do is write sentences like, “Six big pigs can get gas” 3) ADDING ADDITIONAL SHORT-VOWEL, SINGLE-SYLLABLE WORDS HELPS BYPASS THOSE LIMITATIONS: We added other single-syllable short-vowel words (stretch, clamp, match, and so on ~ there are at least a thousand such words) we also added prefixes and suffixes with short vowels. This means we can expand the complexity of possible sentences, for instance, “Sixty bigger piglets living in fith did not mess with the rotten rats" 4) ADDING SHORT-VOWEL, MULTI-SYLLABLE WORDS HELPS MORE: We then selected and added a couple of thousand multi-syllable words which contain only short vowels (words such as “terrific and “peripatetic’, we can then write much more interesting sentences which are complex grammatically, but easy-to-read 5) ADDING 40 DIGRAPHS AND TRIGRAPHS, WHICH WE CALL LETTER COMBINATIONS, GREATLY EXPANDS THE VERSATILITY OF OUR LIST OF WORDS: These letter-combinations are treated (spelled and read) as though they are letters with specific speech- sounds. We wound up adding er. ai, air, all, ally, at, au, aw, ay, ch, ea, ear, ed, ee, er, ice, ie, ine, ing, ink, ir, kn, le, 08, 08, 01, 00, 0k, OF, OU, OW, OY, qu, Sh, sky, th, Ue, ur, wh and wr. 6) _ 11 WELL KNOWN POSITIONING RULES WERE ACKNOWLEDGED: We show that “a’, 'e", “o”, “le”, ‘ly’ and "y" have a special pronunciation when they are at the end of cer- tain words. We also show that "y” inside a word is rronounced uniquely. (see page 7). 7)____ That basically gave us an “alphabet’ with 77 (26 + 40 + 11) symbols and an almost perfectly easy- to-read list of more than 9,000 regularly spelled words - without changing the spelling of any of those words. 8) WE DO NOT INCLUDE CERTAIN WORDS WHICH CONTAIN AWKWARD SPELLING: 8.1) All words with soft “c” and soft “g’ are not included. 8.2) “ph” for ff/ is not included. 8.3) “ough”, “ight”, “eau” and the like are not included. 9) _ THE FOLLOWING TWO EASY-TO-READ SENTENCES ARE EXAMPLES OF WHAT CAN BE WRITTEN WITH THE 9,000+ ABSOLUTELY EASY-TO-READ WORDS: (9.1) We now have a long list of interesting words which can be the feedstock for an end less number of interesting articles, essays and witty epigrams. (9.2) I tried windsurfing, but I hurt my wrist on the first day -- so I quit. The following two new rules have to be observed. 4) Allletters within a 2- or 3-letter-combination as shown on page #7 always abandon their individual pronunciations. The pronunciation of the combination is always used. 2) All 2-letter combinations within a 3-letter combination as shown above always abandon their indi- vidual pronunciations. The pronunciation of the 3-letter combination is always used. For instance, if the word is ‘ears’ (an “ea” is in the “ear’), itis pronounced earls -- not eeiris (as though it has two speech-sounds, not three). Page 3OVERVIEW We have specified 40 Easy-To-Read letters and letter-combinations in the English language. Each letter and letter-combination is shown on page 7 with its speech sounds and sample words. Specifying the letter-combinations this way essentially acts like we have expanded our alpha- bet from 26 to 66 symbols, thus eliminating much ambiguity. Once the letter-combinations are learned, they can be pronounced in confidence when reading words on our easy-to-read words list. The letter ‘0’, for instance is shown on its own (always pronounced as the ‘0’ in ‘dot’) and in the following seven combinations: ‘oa’ (as in boat), ‘oe’ (as in toe), ‘oi’ (as in coil), ‘ou’ (as in cloud), ‘ow’ (as in cow), ‘oy’ (as in boy), and as the last letter in a word (as in hello). Each of the combinations represents a single sound. The fact that three combinations stand for the same (long ‘o’) speech-sound does not confuse be- ginning readers when they are reading. It is analogous to three boys in the class having the name “Bob”. When looking at any one of those boys, it is not confusing that two other boys have the same name. It would be confusing if a single boy used a different name on every day of the week In that case, when we looked at him, we would not immediately know which name to use --- we would have to first find out what day of the week it was. This concept of “day-related” pronuncia- tion is very much like the ‘word-related” pronunciation of English print, wherein letter combinations (spelling) have different pronunciations in different words, This system does not help students learn to spell (it is neutral in this regard) -- it only makes read- ing easier. This system does not cover every English word -- we simply do not put words like “yellow” on the list, because the ‘ow’ in yellow does not conform to the our pronunciation for ‘ow’ as being the sound in ‘cow’. Words like ‘yellow’ can be introduced as a ‘memory-word’ after the student be- comes a fluent reader of words on the easy-to-read list Ultimately, the system should be able to cover the entire English language. At that point, it will be clear to everyone that our language can be divided into two groups, (1) those words which are easy-to-read because they follow phonetic rules and (2) those which must be memorized. It is our immediate estimate that learning 200 letter-combinations, should re- duce the percentage of necessary memory words to less than 10% of the language. At the present time we have a total of 9,709 words: 9,418 phonetic words (97%) and 291 memory words (3%). If only the 26 letters of the alphabet are a guide to pronunciation, all English words have to be considered memory words. That is the inescapable conclusion that must be drawn if the vowels all have more than one pronunciation and every word has a vowel. Page 4ONDOARwON 8to6t 62. 63, 64 65, 66. 67. 68. 69-70, 71... TRevsree 73-75. T8vcsrse 76 to 80, 81 82 to 101 102 103. 104 105. 106. 107. 108. 108. 109. 110 to 111 112 113, 114 to 149 150. 151 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Background and Evolution of the Easy-To-Read words Overview of the system Table Of Contents Memory Words: words that are common and hard to sound-out Numerals and keyboard symbols INDEX to Letter-combinations, plus a Speech-Sound Table Syllables and syllabication -- does it help? Letters and Letter-combinations — selected as Easy-To-Read Selected Easy-To-Read CVC words in alphabetical order CVC AND VC words in 143 phrases Easy-To-Read phrases with short words Mostly Easy-To-Read CVC sentences -- good for assessment timing 2.word phrases, CVC and Memory Words Easy-To-Read “and” phrases 3-letter-word mini-rhymes 3-word phrases, all use Easy-To-Read words 4, 5-, & 6-word phrases 7-word phrases Longer phrases and sentences Selected Easy-To-Read headlines from the NY Times Easy-To-Read sentences INDEX to hundreds of single syllable rhyme-sets Common one-syllable rhyme sets APPENDIX INDEX The 120 most common printed words in the English language. The 106 most common words written by children Using the Alphabetic Principle to teach little Lou Costello how to read. Reading the long vowels ‘Speech-sound table and discussion ‘Speech-sounds are essentially self-taught and self-correcting The Letter Song. Sing it to the tune of A You're Adorable Teaching the sounds of words: an essay How-to create lesson-plans The next step: 55 long-vowel, magic “e’, single-syllable rhyme-sets INDEX to 9,709 words 9,392 Easy-To-Read words and 317 memory-words Alphabetical INDEX Summary of easy-to-read rules Page 573 MEMORY WORDS: These common words do not follow our Easy-To-Read speech-sound system. They are difficult to analyze phonetically. The best way to learn them is by simple memorization These words are allowed in order to make it easy to write interesting study-sentences for students. It is hard to write interesting material if you can’t use very common words like “the”, “one”, “a”, “want” and “you”. Words are on the left in each column, Speech sound notation is on the right. a’ Jaal intot i/n/tfuu son s/u/n at Jul liket Vii/k the’ thh/ee ace aa/s lose Vuulz their’ thh/air age aalj love Vulv there’ thh/air any" e/niee made" miaa/d they’ thh/aa both b/oo/th make" miaalk time’ vim bush b/uuh/sh many! mie/niee to! t/uu come’ c/u/m mother — m/u/th/er two! tuu could? c/uuh/d not n/oo use’ y/uu/z, dot d/uu none n/u/n want wiolnit does d/ulz of" uly war w/or done d/u/n oh’ Joo! was' wlulz even" ee/vie/n old oollid watert wrawit/ur eye jill once wiu/n/s what! wiult father flo/th/er one* wiu/n who" h/uu find" fli/nid own oo/n whose h/uu/z, flu fil/uu people’ _p/ee/p/u.| word" wlurld foot fluuhit pull p/uuhi/l work wiur/k from' fit/ulm push p/uuh/sh would? w/uuh/d front firu/nit pussy p/uuh/s/ee writet wilt full fluuh/| put p/uuhit you! y/uu got g/oo said’ s/eld your' y/or ho h/oo should sh/uuh/d r iil so! s/o tm im some! s/u/m 1) About two-thirds of the above words (the 41 with superscript “I” above) are on our list of the most common written words in the English language (see page 101), so it is quite important that they be learned by beginners. NUMERALS AND KEYBOARD SYMBOLS We allow using keyboard symbols as words (1, 2,3... to whatever - also +, -, x, <, >, %, $, 2, & and =) In other words, we can write a sentence such as "2 + 2 = 4”, or ‘7 < (6 + 2)’, or ‘Is 6 the sum of 2 + 37”. Page 640 Easy-To-Read letter-combinations and 11 position rules When not within the combinations below; (a) all consonants are pronounced conventionally and (b) all vowels are “short” -- see page 107 letters sample words speech-sounds pg. ‘a See pages 6 and 107 Jal, faal or ful 107 ‘a’ ending * Single syllable -- bra, fa, ha, la, ma, pa, ska /ah/ 8 ‘a’ ending * Longer -- camera, data, hula, Africa, America fu 8 ‘ai’ & ‘ay’ aid, attain, brain, clay, Sunday, way Taal 9 ‘air’ & ‘aer’ air, hair, pair, aeronaut, staiwell Tai! 10 ‘all’ bail, call, fall, hall, mall, pall, stall, tall, ‘yall /all/ 11 ‘ally’ normally, orally, royally, typically, verbally lulee! 12 ‘ar’ bar, card, carnivore, cartoon, farm, start faci 13 ‘au’ & ‘aw’ auto, fauit, laundry, paws, pause, saw, vault /aw! 14 ‘ch’ batch, catch, chat, chart, chicken, lynch Ichi 15 ‘e’ ending * With no other vowel -- be, Fe, me, she, we __fee/ 16 With other vowels --are, give, love, subjective ‘e’ is silent 16 beetle, see, sea, speech, team leel 17-21 ear, fear, gear, nearest, yearling lear! 22 armed, barked, mopped, slapped, squirreled ‘e's silent 23-28 absurd, burp, her, fur, furnish, sir, stir furl 29-31 ice, ice-cream, nice, twice fice! 32 lie, pie, cried, fries, ratified, verified fill 33 mine, wine -- See page 34 for a discussion _/ine/ 34 & 107 king, sing, spring, swing, thng, twinkling fing! 35 blink, dinky, kink, pink, stink, inkling iniky 36 ‘ir - see ‘er’ ‘kn’ knack, knead, knee, knit, knot, knuckle Int 37 ‘le’ ending * bottle, dawdle, doodle, wrinkle, giggle, rattle /ul/ 38-40 ‘o' ending‘ gecko, go, hello, limo, no, no-no, $0, yo-yo oo! 4 ‘oa’ & ‘oe’ Boat, coast, coax, doe, poem, toast, toe lool 42 ‘oi’ & ‘oy’ boil, boy, coins, oil, spoiled, toilet, toys Joy! 43 ‘00' & ‘ue’ blue, cool, cruel, giue, glued, too, true, 200 /uu/ 44 ‘ook’ book, cook, hook, look, nock, rook, took Juuh.k/ 45 ‘or’ born, Ford, gordo, gorilla, more, sort Jor! 46-47 ‘ou’ & ‘ow’ cow, how, brown, cloud, mcuse, owl, proud ow! 48 ‘qu’ liquid, squirm, squireled, quit, queen Ik.wl 49 ‘sh’ dish, fisherman, she, shout, splash, wish Ish 50 ‘sky’ skycap, skyed, skyhook, skyline, skyway Is.k.iil 141 ‘th’ (unvoiced) bath, thick, thin, thousand Ith 51 ‘th’ (voiced) that, the, their, them Ith 51 ‘ue’ see ‘oo" ‘ur’ -- see ‘er’ ‘wht what, when, where, who, why Mw 52 ‘we wrecked, wrench, wring, wrist, wrong Ih 53 ‘y' beginning’ _yell, yen, yes, yet ly) 149 ‘y' middle * abyss, hymn, myth, system it 54 ‘y’ ending * Single syllable — by, fly, fry, my, ply, pry, why fill 55-61 ‘y’ ending * Longer --badly, blurry, bumpy, bunny, sunny —_/ee/ 55-61 ‘Superscript 1: Pronunciation is dependent on the position of the vowel You only need two new rules to pronounce the various words: (1) when a vowel is not part of a letter- combination, itis short and (2) when itis part of a latter-combination, it gives up its sound to the sound of the combination Page 7‘a’ ending single syllable words have an /ah/ speech-sound bra, fa, ha, la, ma, pa & ska ‘a’- ending longer words have the speech-sound /u/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single wore on our Easy-To-Read list, but itis a good sample. DOES SYLLABICATION HELP BEGINNERS? Frankly, we do not know. On one hand, it might help them sound-out the word, but on the other hand it might be distracting, We do not know of any studies that point definitively one way or the other. In ancient times, syllables were regularly taught to beginners. In fact syllabaries preceded diction- aries as teaching tools and reference works. Dividing the words into syllables as shown below may or may not help students recognize the let- ters and letter combinations and help them read or pronounce the word. Each teacher will have to decide whether to emphasize the syllables or not. We are showing the syllabication here to show how it might be done to minimize the distraction of breaking the words into parts. Af.ti.ca da.da max.ill.a sa.van.na al.fal.fa da.ta max.im.a sen.na al.ga del.ta Ma.don.na sil.i.ca al.pa.ca dra.ma Mec.ca stan.za al.um.na en.e.ma Mel.ba strat.a Ant.arc.ti.ca ex.tra mem.or.an.da taf.fe.ta an.ten.na fau.na min.im.a troi.ka ba.na.na fe.ta par.ka tun.dra ban.dan.na flor.a pen.um.bra tymp.an.a ba.sil.i.ca gal.a plas.ma um.brel.la ba.zoo.ka hen.na plec.tra um.bra bel.ladon.na | hoop.la van.il.la ca.ba.na kar.ma : vert.e.bra ca.mer.a lar.va ricotta vis.ta ca.tal.pa lol.la.pa.loo.za ros.tra vul.va con.tra man.na San.ta NOTE: “grandma” and “grandpa” are exceptions. They both end in the sound /o/ as in “cha-cha-cha” and are listed as memory-words on our master list. Page 8bay? ‘ 3 al & ay words have the speech-sound /aa/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. abstain acclaim again aid aide aid-de-camp aids ail aileron ailment ails aim, attain oa a bays blackmail brain bray cal chain claim claimer claiming clay — complain complaint contain containment crayfish daily dainty daisy day days derail detail detain display drain dray. entail _ entertain entrails exclaim explain. explainin fal ¢ flay fray gain gait grail grain grainy ray hail a hua interplay jail Jailer Jay jays jay layer layette lays laid lain maid mail mailer maim main mainly — milkmaid minelayer may mayhem Page 9 mayoral nail nail nailer nay nays obtained obtains ordain paid pail pain painful painfully parlay plain plainer plainest plainly play player playoff pray prayer. quitclaim quay raid raided raider rail railroad rails rain rainment rainy ray rays_ refrain sail sailor sails Saturday say slain slay snail snails Spay stain stay stays strain Spain subway Sunday swain sway tail tailor train trained trait tray Tuesday Thursday unaided underway upsy-daisy vain waif wait waits waiter way ways x-ray yesterdayCay? ‘ 3 alr & ae@Pr’ words have the speech-sound /air/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. aero- re) airing fair pair aerometer airless fairest paired aeronomy © airlift fairness _ pairing airline fairy pairs air airliner fairly airlock repair airborne flair airbrush airmail stair airburst airman hair stairs airbus airmanship hairbrush stairway airmen hairless _ stairwell aircoach hairs aircool airs hairy unfair aircraft unfairly airy lair airdrop wheelchair affair airfoil chair chairman Page 10‘ | | 3 a words have the speech-sound /all/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. all appall appallingly ball ballpark ballplayer ballpoint ballroom balls baseball basketball blackball call caller calling catcall catchall cornball crestfallen downfall fall fallen fallout gall gallbladder galling hall hallmark hallway handball hardball install installment mall mallrat meatball Page 11 oddball paintball pall pinball pitfall puffball rainfall recall recalling shortfall small smaller smallest smallish smallness smallpox stall stalling stalls spitball squall stall stalled tall taller tallest tallness thrall wall walls wallflower windfall y'all‘ 3 al ly words have the speech-sound ull/ee NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but itis a good sample Try these fraternally 5-syllables —_ pedantically 3-syllable hectically artistically sadistically words first drastically athletically sarcastically immorally dramatically — sardonically carnally immortally ecstatically —_ satanically dismally informally academically sentimentally fiscally internally allegorically — spasmodically formally laterally analytically _ statistically loyally liberally anatomically symbolically mentally literally antiseptically symmetrically morally maternally apathetically synthetically mortally medically extrinsically __ terrifically normally metrically fanatically pragmatically orally minimally fantastically royally mystically frenetically 6-syllables verbally nocturnally fundamentally categorically nominally grammatically enigmatically 4-syllables optically harmonically lackadaisically abnormally paternally hermetically — mathematically abysmally practically historically optimistically classically quizzically horizontally —_ pessimistically clinically radically hypnotically —_ problematically comically severally intrinsically sympathetically cosmically skeptically laconically systematically criminally tactically magnetically critically terminally majestically —_7-syllables cryptically topically melodically _ infinitesimally ethically typically methodically ethnically vertically nonsensically federally whimsically organically frantically pathetically Page 12fay? @AP words have the speech-sound /ar/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. 1-syllable gar roar barter starling arc garb starkly arch scar carafe starshine arcs hard scarf cargo starting are hark shard carload starving ark harm shards carlot arks harp shark carpet tardy arm harsh sharp cartoon target armed hart smart cartoons tartar arms soar charcoal art jar spar charred unarmed arts Jarred sparse upstart star darling bar lard starch varlet barb lark stark farmer bard start garden 3-syllable barred mar starts. gardens alarming barf march starve apartment bark mark starved hardly ardently barn mars hardy artistic bars Mars tar harken artistry boar marsh tarp harmless board mart tart harness Barbaro car narc yard impart carnivore char yarn carpenter carb oar yarns. larder carbs disarming card par 2-syllable market cards parched alarm Martin escarpment carp park alarmed cars parr apart parboil gardener cart parse ardent parlay carve part argue parting martinet chart armfull partner quark army narcotic dark quarrel artist quarrelling dart quarreled arty partnership darn quart scarlet quarts. barfly sharpen sarcastic far quartz barking smarmy sardonic farm barroom smarter scarified Page 13‘ 3 ‘ J au & AW words have the speech-sound /aw/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. Start with these single syllable words auk awe awl bawl brawl cause caused caw clause claw claws craw crawl dawn draw drawn fault faults fawn flaunt flaw flawed fraud gaunt gawk haul haw hawk jaw law lawn laws maul mauled maw pause paused paw pawl pawn paws prawns raw saw sawn saws scrawl shawl slaw straw straws taunt taut taw thaw vault yaw yawl yawn yaws 2-syllable applaud auto awful awfully awning bawdy because brawler brawling causes causing caustic crawdad crawfish Page 14 crawling dawdle dawning defraud drawdown drawer drawing drawstring faucet faulty faultless fauna fawning flawless gaudy gauntlet gawky hawkish hawser jawing launder laundry lawless lawman lawful maudlin mawkish pausing pawnshop raunchy saunter saunters sawing sawtooth scrawling strawlike vaulted vaunted 3-syllable defrauding gaudily launderette lawfully strawberry 4-syllable automaton‘ ’ ch words have the speech-sound /ch/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but itis a good sample. aircoach arch bachelor bachelorette batch beach blanch branch cache catch catchall catcher chair chairman chad chaff champ chap chapel chapter char charcoal charred chart charted charter chastity chat chatter chattering cheat check checker chick chicken chimp chin chip chit chock chop chow chub chuck chug chum chummy chunk chunks clinch clincher clutch coach couch crouch crouching crunch crunchy ditch dutch each etch finch flinch Page 15 glitch glitchy hatch hatchet hitch inch itch itchy kitchen kitchenette latch linchpin lynch march match much ouch parched patch patches peach peachy pitch pouch ranch ratchet retch rich richest satchel scotch sketch sketchy squelch starch such switch teach teacher thatch twitch twitchy wench wheelchair which witch witchy wrench wretch‘e’ ending a word is silent when there is another vowel in the word -- it is bashful NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. absinthe babble dice goose laxative quintette acquisitive backhoe dine gore leave active bore dispense groove live respite adaptive braise displease love roomette addictive breathe diverse haggle additive brine douse have mice score adjective bronze heave mingle selective adoptive ease hemline more sleaze adore captive eave hotline mouse solve adverse carafe edible house muzzle sore adze carnivore else humble needle souse affective carve explore hurdle nerve sparse affirmative cheese expressive nimble spore albacore choose ice nice starve amicable clause feeble impasse nurse store ample collapse feasible implore noodle subjective antifreeze converse fettle improbable noose submissive afflictive core fiddle inedible aggressive —curdle fixative indivisible ooze tease aide cursive fore inoperable toilette airborne curve formative inverse parse towelette alkaline crease furtive invisible please ‘twere anisette curse pore are geese jingle promise weave awe dawdle giggle jumble purple were axe dazzle give purse definite gobble yore definitive guzzle ‘e’ ending a word is a long vowel /ee/ when there is no other vowel in the word be, he, me, she, the*, we, ye. “the” is a special case. It can be taught as thh/u or thh/ee Page 16‘ 3 ‘ 3 ea & @@’ words have the speech-sound /ee/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. abeam absentee absenteeism addressee adoptee agree agreeable agreeably agreed agreement anneal anteater antifreeze appeal appealing appease appeaser appointee asleep backseat backstreet banshee beach bead beady beagle beak beaker beam bean beanbag beast beastly beat beaten beater beating beatnik beaver bee beech beef beefy beekeeper beeline beep beeper beeswax beet beetle birdseed bittersweet bleach bleachers bleak bleakly bleakness bleat bleating bleed bleeder bleeding bootee brainteaser breach breathable breathe breather breathing breech breed breeder breeding breeze Page 17 breezily breezy breed browbeat browbeaten buckwheat bumblebee canteen cartwheel cheap cheapen cheaply cheapness cheat cheater cheek cheekily cheeky cheep cheese cheesy chickadee chickpea chickweed chimpanzee clean cleaner cleaners cleaning cleanly cleanness cleanup cleat cleave cleaver cogwheel cornmeal creak creaky cream creamer creamery creampuff creamy crease creed creek creel creep creeper creepy daydream daydreamer deal dealer dealership dealing dealings dean deed deem deep deepen deeply deepness disagree disagreeable disagreeably disagreement discreet discreetly discreetly‘ea’ & ‘ee’ continued NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. disease displease downbeat downstream dream draftee dreamer dreamily dreamland dreamless dreamy dweeb each eager eagerly eagerness eagle eaglet ease easel easily East east eastbound Easter easterly easter easterner easy eat eatable eaten eater eatery eave eggbeater eel eels epee evergreen feasibility feasible feasibly feast feat fee feeble feebleness feebly feed feedback feedbag feeder feeding feel feeler feeling feelingly feelings feet fifteen fifteenth fifty-three filigree flea flee fleet fleeting fleetingly fleetness forty-three freak freakish freaky free Page 18 freebooter freedman freehand freeload freeloader freely freeman freestanding freethinker freethinking freeway freewheeling freeze freezer freezing fricassee garnishee geek geeky geese geezer gleam gleaming glean glee gleeful gleefully goalkeeper goatee grandee grease greed greedily greasy greed greedily greedy Greek green greenback greenery greenhorn greenhouse greenish greenness greens greet greeting greetings heal healer heap heaping heat heated heatedly heater heath heathen heave heed heedful heedless heedlessly heedlessness heel heels impeach impeachment inbreeding increase increase increasing increasingly indeed‘ea’ & ‘ee’ continued NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. indiscreet leaning meatball indiscreetly leanness meatloaf oatmeal inductee leap meaty ordeal innkeeper lease meek outreach interbreed leash meekly interweave least meekness pea leave meet peach Jean leavings meeting peacock jeans Lee meetinghouse peahen Jeep lee melee peak jeez leech midstream peaked jeepers-creepers leek midweek peal jeer lees milkweed peanut leeway minesweeper peanuts keel legatee misdeed peat keen lessee misread pedigree keenly loudspeaker misreading pedigreed keenness mistreat pee keep mainstream mistreatment peek keeper maltreat moonbeam peekaboo keeping maltreatment peel Kleenex manatee neat peeling knead mead neatly peep knee meager neatness peeper kneecap meagerly need peeve kneel meagerness needful peevish meal needle peevishly leach mealy needlepoint peevishness lead mean needless peewee leader meaning needlessly pinwheel leadership meaningful needs pipsqueak leading meaningfully needy plea leaf meaningless northeast plead leafless meanly northeaster pleaded leaflet meanness northeasterly pleading leafy means northeastern please leak measles need pleasing leaky measly ninety-three pleasingly lean meat nominee pleat Page 19‘ea’ & ‘ee’ continued NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. pleated screenplay seer sneak pleating sea seethe sneaker preach seabed seething sneaking preacher seacoast seer sneaky Preakness seafood setee sneeze preen seagull seventeen southeast seahorse seventy-three southeasterly queasily seal sheaf southeastern queasy sealant sheath speak queen sealer sheathe speakeasy queenly sealskin sheathing speaker queer seam shear speech seaman shears speechless ragweed seamanship sheen speed reach seamless sheep speedboat read seamstress sheepish speeder readability seamy sheepishly speedily readable seaport sheepishness speeding reader seashell sheepskin speedster readership seashore sheet speedway reading seasick sheeting speedy ream seasickness shirtsleeve spleen reamer seat shopkeeper spree reap seatbelt sixteen squeak reaper seating sixteenth squeaky reed seaway sixty-three squeal reeds seaweed sleaze squeamishness reedy see sleazy squeeze reef seed sleek steal reefer seedless sleekness steam reek seedling sleep steamboat reel seedy sleeper steamer ref seeing sleepily steamship referee seek sleepless steamy ringleader seeker sleeplessness steed seem sleepy steel sateen seeming sleet steely scream seemly sleety steep screech seen sleeve steeple screen seep smithereens steeplejack Page 20steeply steepness steer streak streaky stream streamer streamline street streetcar striptease sublease sunscreen sweep sweeper sweeping sweepings sweet sweeten sweetener sweetish sweetly sweetmeat sweetness sweets tea teach teachable teacher teaching teacup teak teakettle teal team teamster teapot tease ‘ea’ & ‘ee’ continued NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy~To-Read list, but it is a good sample. teaspoon teat tee teem teen teens teeny teeter teeth teething tenderfeet thee thirteen thirteenth three threescore trainee treacle treat treatable treatise treatment treaty treble tree treeless treetop trustee trusteeship tumbleweed twenty-three thirty-three treat tree tweak tweed tweedy ‘tween tweet Page 21 tweeter tweezers umpteen umpteenth unbeatable unbeaten unclean underneath undersea unease uneasily uneasy unfeeling unfeelingly unheeded unimpeachable unleash unneeded unseemly unseen unspeakable unspeakably upbeat upheaval upkeep upstream veal veer veep velveteen weak weaken weakling weakly weakness weal wean weasel weave weaver wee weed weeder weeds weedy week weekday weekend weekly weep weeping weepy weevil wheat whee wheedle wheel wheelchair wheels wheeze wheezy wildebeest wintergreen wreak wreath wreathe yeast yeasty yippee Zeal6 3 Cal’ words have the speech-sound /ear/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Reau list, but itis a good sample. appear endear leary arrears endears near bleary fear nearer fearful nearest clear fearfully nearly clearly fearless rear fears rearmost dear dearest gear sear dearly gearing shear drearily gears shearing dreary shearling hear shears ear hearing spear ears Page 22 tear tearful tearing tears unclear wear wearily weary year yearling yearlyWORDS THAT END IN ‘ed’ ALWAYS HAVE A SILENT “e” NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but i is a good sample. This “ed” rule does not apply to the following 7 words which can be treated as memory-words or as CVC words which have a digraph for the initial consonant. bled, bred, fled, shed, shred, sled, sped. AIBID _ blabbed, cabbed, crabbed, dabbed, gabbed, grabbed, jabbed, nabbed, scabbed, slabbed, stabbed, tabbed AIGID bagged, bragged, dragged, flagged, fragged, gagged, lagged, nagged, sagged, shagged, slagged, snagged, swagged, tagged, wagged, zagged AIRI/D _ aired, layered, paired, AIKID & AIK/T _ backed, blacked, clacked, cracked, hacked, jacked, lacked, packed, quacked, racked, sacked, shacked, slacked, smacked, snacked, stacked, tacked, tracked, whacked, wracked, yacked, A/IMID bammed, cammed, clammed, crammed, dammed, hammed, jammed, lammed, rammed, scammed, scrammed, shammed, slammed, spammed, trammed, whammed AINICHID _ blanched, branched, ranched, stanched AINID _ banned, canned, fanned, manned, panned, planned, canned, spanned, tanned, vanned, AIP/D & AIP/IT — capped, chapped, clapped, crapped, flapped, gapped, lapped, mapped, napped, rapped, sapped, scrapped, slapped, snapped, tapped, trapped, wrapped, yapped, zapped ARIBID barbed, carbed ARID _ barred, jarred, marred, parred, scarred, sparred, starred, tarred ARIKID barked, harked, larked, parked, sharked, sparked, ARIMID armed, charmed, farmed, harmed ARINID barned, darned ARIPID carped, harped, tarped ARIVID carved, starved Page 23WORDS THAT END IN ‘ed’, continued AIS/D gassed, glassed, grassed, massed, passed, sassed A/SHID ashed, bashed, cashed, clashed, crashed, dashed, flashed, gashed, hashed, lashed, mashed, slashed, smashed, splashed, stashed, thrashed AIS/KID asked, basked, masked AISI/PID clasped, gasped, grasped, rasped AITICHID _ batched, hatched, latched, matched, patched, scratched, snatched, thatched ¢cratcncned is one of 7 one-syllable easy-to-read words which have nine letters) JALLID balled, bawled, brawled, called, crawled, drawled, galled, halled, hauled, malled, mauled, pall, pawled, scrawled, shawled, sprawled, stalled, spalled, trawled, walled AWID awed, cawed, clawed, hawed, jawed, pawed, sawed, yawed AWIKID gawked, hawked AWINICHID haunched, raunched, paunched, staunched AWINI/D dawned, fawned, pawned, yawned /AWI/ZID caused, paused AAILID bailed, failed, hailed, jailed, mailed, nailed, railed, sailed, ailed, wailed AAIMID aimed, blaimed, claimed, maimed AAINID brained, chained, drained, gained, grained, pained, rained, slained, sprained, stained, strained, trained AIZ/ID jazzed, razzed E/BID blebbed, ebbed, webbed EG/D begged, egged, legged, pegged, E/K/D _becked, checked, decked, necked, pecked, wrecked, trekked E/K/SI/D flexed, hexed, sexed, vexed, wrecked, xed E/LICHID _ belched, squelched (squichedis one of 7 one-syllable easy-to-read words which have 9 letters.) E/LID _ belled, celled, felled, jelled, shelled, smelled, spelled, swelled, welled, yelled E/LIP/D helped, whelped, yelped E/M/D hemmed, stemmed Page 24WORDS THAT END IN ‘ed’, continued E/N/ICHID _ benched, clenched, frenched, quenched, wenched, wrenched E/P/D pepped, prepped, repped, stepped E/S/D blessed, dressed, messed, pressed, stressed, tressed, yessed E/TICH/D _ etched, fetched, retched, sketched, stretched (stretched is one of 7 one-syliable easy-to-read words which have 9 letters.) EE/CHID __ beached, bleached, breached, leeched, screeched (screeched is one of 7 one-syllable easy-to-read words which have 9 letters.) EE/F/D beefed, leafed, reefed EE/K/D beaked, freaked, Greeked, leaked, peaked, peeked, reeked, squeaked, streaked EE/L/D healed, keeled, kneeled, peeled, reeled, sealed EE/M/D beamed, creamed, deemed, dreamed, reamed, screamed, seemed, steamed, streamed, teamed, teemed, EE/N/D beaned, cleaned, gleaned, leaned, peened, screened, weaned EE/P/D beeped, bleeped, creeped, heaped, jeeped, leaped, peeped, reaped, seeped, steeped, weeped EE/RID cheered, cleared, feared, geared, jeered, leered, neared, peered, reared, seared, sheared, speared, steered, teared, veered EE/S/D creased, greased, leased EE/VID cleaved, heaved, leaved, peeved, sheaved, sleeved, weaved EE/Z/D greased, pleased, teased, wheezed I/BID __ bibbed, cribbed, dibbed, fibbed, gibbed, nibbed, ribbed VEID __ biffed, miffed, riffed, stiffed, whiffed VGID _ jigged, pigged, rigged, swigged, zigged W/K/D bricked, clicked, fixed, flicked, kicked, licked, nicked, picked, slicked, ticked, tricked, wicked VLID _ billed, chilled, dilled, filled, killed, milled, pilled, rilled, shilled, skilled, spilled, stilled, swilled, thrilled, tilled, trilled, twilled, willed V/LIK/D bilked, milked Page 25WORDS THAT END IN ‘ed’, continued /M/D — brimmed, dimmed, rimmed, shimmed, skimmed, slimmed, trimmed I/M/P/D_ blimped, crimped, limped, pimped, primped, scrimped, wimped V/N/ICH/ID clinched, flinched, inched, lynched, pinched I/N/D__ binned, chinned, finned, grinned, pinned, sinned, ING/D dinged, kinged, pinged, ringed, winged, zinged INK/D _ blinked, brinked, clinked, dinked, finked, inked, kinked, inked, pinked, plinked, slinked, winked I/P/D chipped, clipped, dipped, dripped, flipped, gripped, hipped, kipped, lipped, nipped, quipped, ripped, shipped, sipped, skipped, slipped, snipped, stripped, tipped, tripped, whipped, yipped, zipped VSID dissed, hissed, kissed, missed VSH/D_ dished, fished, splished, swished, wished WS/K/D_ frisked, risked, whisked VS/P/D_lisped VTICHID ditched, fitched, flitched, glitched, hitched, itched pitched, scritched, snitched, stitched, switched, twitched, Witched (scritchedis one of 7 one-sylable easy-to-read words which have 9 letters.) VZID __ fizzed, frizzed, quizzed, whizzed ICE/D diced, spiced, spliced, priced, riced INE/D _ dined, lined, mined, pined, shined, splined, whined, wined O/BID _ blobbed, bobbed, fobbed, globbed, gobbed, jobbed, knobbed, lobbed, mobbed, robbed, sobbed, throbbed O/FID doffed, offed O/GID bogged, clogged, cogged, dogged, flogged, fogged, hogged, jogged, logged, slogged, togged O/K/ID blocked, chocked, clocked, crocked, cocked, docked, flocked, hocked, jocked, knocked, locked, mocked, pocked, rocked, shocked, socked, stocked O/LID dolled, lolled O/M/P/Dclomped, comped, pomped, romped, stomped O/NID_ conned, donned ONGID bonged, ding-dinged, gonged, longed, thronged, wronged ONKID bonked, conked, honked, plonked O/PID bopped, chopped, clopped, copped, cropped, dopped, dropped, flopped, glopped, hopped, lopped, mopped, Page 26WORDS THAT END IN ‘ed’, continued plopped, popped, propped, shopped, slopped, sopped, stopped, stropped, topped O/SID _ bossed, flossed, glossed, tossed O/SHID boshed, moshed, noshed O/TICHID _ blotched, botched, notched, scotched, watched OE/FID oafed, loafed OE/KID cloaked, croaked, soaked OE/MID foamed, roamed OE/NID loaned, moaned ORID _ bored, cored, gored, pored, roared, soared, scored, stored OY/LID boiled, broiled, coiled, foiled, oiled, roiled, soiled, toiled OYINID coined, joined U/BID clubbed, cubbed, drubbed, dubbed, flubbed, grubbed, Eee rubbed, shrubbed, snubbed, stubbed, subbed, tubbe U/F/D _ bluffed, buffed, cuffed, duffed, fluffed, huffed, luffed, muffed, puffed, ruffed, scruffed, scuffed, stuffed U/GID bugged, chugged, drugged, glugged, hugged, lugged, mugged, plugged, shrugged, slugged, tugged U/KID bucked, chucked, clucked, ducked, hucked, lucked, mucked, plucked, shucked, sucked, trucked, tucked U/LID — culled, dulled, gulled, hulled, lulled, mulled, skulled U/LIKID bulked, hulked, sulked, skulked U/LIPID gulped, pulped U/M/ID bummed, chummed, drummed, gummed, hummed, plummed, scrummed, scummed, slummed, summed, U/MI/P/D bumped, clumped, dumped, grumped, humped, jumped, lumped, plumped, pumped, rumped, stumped, thumped, trumped U/NICHID _ brunched, bunched, crunched, hunched, lunched, munched, punched, scrunched (crunched is one of 7 one-sylable easy-to-read words which have 9 letters ) U/N/ID _ dunned, gunned, punned, shunned, stunned, sunned U/N/KID bunked, chunked, clunked, dunked, gunked, junked, punked, skunked, U/P/D cupped, supped, upped UR/CH/D churched, lurched, perched Page 27WORDS THAT END IN ‘ed’, continued URIFID surfed, turfed URIKID clerked, dirked, irked, jerked, lurked, murked, perked, shirked, smirked URIL/D burled, curled, furled, hurled, knurled, purled, squirreled (‘squirreled’, a 10-letter word is the longest single syllable word in the English language) URIMID bermed, firmed, termed UR/N/D burned, churned, kerned, spurned, turned URIPID burped, chirped, slurped URI/S/D cursed, nursed, pursed, U/SID___ bussed, cussed, fussed, mussed U/SHID brushed, crushed, gushed, hushed, mushed, rushed, shushed U/S/K/D husked, tusked U/TICHID clutched, dutched UUH/KID _ booked, brooked, cooked, hooked, looked, rooked, U/Z/D buzzed, fuzzed, OO/D _ booed, cooed, glued, oohed, shooed, sued, wooed, OO/FID goofed, hoofed, proofed, roofed OO/LID cooled, fooled, pooled, stooled, tooled OO/MID boomed, bloomed, doomed, groomed, loomed, roomed, voomed, zoomed OOI/NID cooned, crooned, mooned, spooned, swooned OO/P/D cooped, drooped, gooped, hooped, looped, pooped, stooped, whooped OO/RID moored OWID _ bowed, cowed, vowed, wowed OWILID fouled, howled, toweled OWINID browned, clowned, downed, drowned, frowned OW/SID bloused, doused, loused OW/Z/D browsed, dowsed, housed, roused Page 28‘ 3 bi? 3 a er ; Ir ; & UP words have the speech-sound /ur/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single werd on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. Aberdeen absurd absurdity adverb adverse adversity advertent affirm affirmative after afterburner afterdeck aftereffect aftermath afterworld aileron airliner asteroid barter batter battery beer bereft berg berm better bewildered bird bleeder blur boaster boomer boomers border borderline bordering bummer burb burg burl burn burnish burnt burp burr burs bury butter camper carpenter catcher catheter chapter chatter chattering checker clatter clattering cleaner clincher clobber clunker coaster coater coffer coffers concur confer cooper copper cower cur Page 29 curb curd curl curry curt curve curvy defer deliver delivery demur derby deter deterrent differ different differently diner direct director directory dirk dirt dirty dormer eager employer enter erg ergo ergs err errs ever examiner explorer farmer faster fatter feeler fern filter finer finger fir firm firs first fisher fisherman flatter floater flower former fur furl furlong furnish furs further furtive gardener gird girl giver glower hatter her herd‘er’, ‘ir’, & ’ur’ have the speech-sound /ur/, continued NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. hers hoer hooter hunker hunter hurdle hurl hurt hurray hurry indirect infer inferred innkeeper interject interline interplay intersect intertwine irk irks jailer jerk kerf kern knitter larder lather latter launder launderette libertine liberty liner liver longer looter mailer master masterful maternity matter maverick meager member members miller miner minelayer mister modern modernity mouser murder murmer muster murk murky nailer nearer nicer niner nipper number nurse nursed nursery opera ouster Page 30 outer outermost perch perfect perform performer perhaps perimeter perjure perjurer perjury perk perky perm permanent permanently permissible permissive permit permitted perpindicular perplex perplexing perplexity persist persistent persistently persnickety perspective pert pertain pertinent pertly pertness perturb perverse perversity pervert pervert perverted quitter quiver quivering quiveringly raider Tapper rather recliner recur refer referee refinery remember renter resurrect river roamer roaster robber rocker rockers romper roofer roomer sadder saturn saturnine serf setter shatter shiner shipper‘er’, ir’, & ’ur’ have the speech-sound /ur/, continued NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. shirt shiver shopper shorter shower shriner shudder shutter singer sinner sipper skimmer skipper slather slipper sliver slobber slumber slur ‘slurry slurs smaller smallest smarter smatter smattering spender ‘splatter splattering splinter sprinter spur squirm squirt stern sticker stickery stinker stinks stir sucker summer surf surfer swagger swimmer tamper tatter tatters tattered teacher term tern territory terror terrors there thicker thinner thinker third thirst thirsty thirteen thirteenth thirty-three thirty-nine thunder thumper toaster topsy-turvy transfer trickery Page 31 turf turk turn turpentine turtle tweeter twister twitter under underclass. undercut underdog underline undermine undermined uderpants. underpass undershot underway underwent underwhelm underwhelming uninterested upper upperclass upperclassman uppercut urn urns, usher usherette verb verbs verified volunteer waiter were whenever whether whir whisper whisperer whispering whistler wicker wiltering winery winter wither withering wrapper yesterday yurta 3 IC@’ words have the speech-sound /ice/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. advice nicer allspice nicest device overpriced dice price dicey priced entice priceless enticement rice ice sacrifice iceberg sacrificed iceboat slice icebox sliced ice-cream slicer iced slicers Iceland spice icelander splice icelandic spliced iceman suffice ice-skate sufficed lice thrice mice twice nice vice nicely viceroy Page 32NOTE: This list does not cover every single w fin? I@° words have the speech-sound /ii/ applied certified classified cried cries denied denies die died dies dried dries exemplified fie fortified fried fries glorified hie hied horrified Page 33 cord on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. implied intensified lie lied lies mortified personified petrified pied pries pried ratified scarified tie tied tried tries verified vie vies viedi+ 3 ING’ words have the speech-sound /ine/ OBSERVE THESE OVERIDING PATTERNS: THEY SHOULD BE TREATED AS MEMORY WORDS. 1. If “ine” starts a word it does not have the sound /ine/: inedible, ineffable, inept, ineptly, ineptness, inequitable, inequity, inert, inertly, inestimable, inestimably, inevitability, inevitable, inevitably. 2. If “ine” is within “inent’ it does not have an /ine/ sound: abstinent, continent, con- tinental, eminent, imminent, impertinent, incontinent, intercontinental, pertinent, prominent, subcontinent, transcontinental. 3. If “ine” is within “aine” it does not have the sound /ine/: abstained, brained, chained, detained, detainee, drained, entertained, explained, gained, grained, obtained, ordained, pained, plainer, slained, sprained, stained, strained, strainer, trainee, trained, trainer. 4. If “ine” is within “oine” it does not have the sound /ine/: coined, enjoined, joined, purloined. 5. If “ine” is part of “inet” it does not have the sound /ine/, bassinet, cabinet, kinetic, martinet, spinet. 4-syllable 2-syllable brine aline liner refined minesweeper dine alpine miner reline ninety-nine fine blueline moonshine — shiner ninety-one line coastline niner shriner ninety-six mine combine nineteen starshine ninety-three mined confine ninety streamline ninety-two nine divine online sunshine opaline pine decline opine supine saturnine Rhine declined opined sixty-nine shine define outline 3-syllable __ thirty-nine shined diner outlined alinement _ turpentine shines enshrine outshine —_ alkaline twenty-nine shrine equine pined asinine underline shrines finely pines borderline undermine sine finer quinine columbine valentine spline finest redline fifty-nine winery swine Incline redlined florentine thine inclined refine forty-nine 4-syllable tine interline nine-ninety-nine twine intertwine ninety-seven vine intertwined refinery _ whine libertine seventy-nine wine linebacker wines minelayer Page 34a 3 Ing words have the speech-sound /ing/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but itis a good sample. aborning according accordingly adorning affecting alarming bing bingo bleating bordering boring bring bucking buckling candling choosing claiming clamming cling clinking cloying dampening darling defrauding despoiling destroying ding dingo ding-a-ling disarming duckling ducting dumpling finger fingering fitting fittingly flamingo flitting fling galling gosling gringo grousing gunslinger inching inkling ingot inning jabbering jelling joshing jostling kindling king kingly knitting ling linger lingo malinger ming mingle misgiving mockingbird nestling niggling overwhelming overwhelmingly pairing patterning pending permitting ping pinking pleating Page 35 plinking plucking quisling quitting quivering quiveringly rafting resting ring ringer ringleader ringlet ringmaster sapling sashaying shearing shelling sheltering shingle shingles sibling sing singer singing single singles singly sling slingshot smattering spring springy starling sting stinger stingray string stringer strings stringy stripling swilling swing swinger swinging swimming swimmingly thing thingamajig things tingle tingling tingly twinkling underwhelming upbringing vanning vending waxwing wing winging wingless wings wingspan wingtip wittingly wrestling wring wringer wringing wrinkling wronging zing zingera 3 In k words have the speech-sound /ink/ NOTE: This list does not cover blink brink clink clinked clinking dink dinked dinky fink finked ink inkling inky link linkd linking mink pink pinked pinking pinky plink plinked plinking rink shrink sink sinking slink slinked Page 36 every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but itis a good sample. slinky stink stinker stinks stinky think thinker thinking thinks twinkle twinkling uplink wink winked winkingknack knapsack knead kneaded kneading knee kneecap kneedeep kneejerk kneeing kneel kneeling knees knell knelt knickers knick-knack knish Page 37 ‘kn’ at the eae of a word, has the mee sound Int NOTE: This list doe: i Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. " knishes knit knitted knitter knitting knob knobby knock knocker knocking knockout knockwurst knot knotty knuckler knurl knurled knurling‘ 3 le at the end of a word has the speech-sound ull NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. addle agile apple assemble axle battle bedazzle beetle befuddle belittle bindle bindle-stiff bluebottle bobble boggle Bonneville boodle boondoggle bottle Braille bramble brickle brindle bristle brittle bubble buckle bumble bundle bungle burble burgle bustle caboodle candle canoodle carbuncle castle cattle chicle chortle chuckle clavicle cobble cockle coddle collapsible collectible combustible comestible compactible compatible comprehensible compressible condensible conductible connectible constructible contemptible contractible controvertible convertible corruptible crackle credible crinkle cripple cuddle curdle crumble crumple dabble dangle Danville dapple dawdle Page 38 dazzle deckle deductible defensible depressible destructible dibble diddle dimple dingle dipsy-doodle discussible disgruntle dismantle disbursible dissemble distensible distractible divisible dog-paddle doodle draggle dribble drizzle ductile duffle dullsville dwindle eagle edible embattle embezzle enbrittle ennoble entangle erodible eruptible espadrille Evansville example exhaustible expansible expressible extendible exstensible feasible fertile fettle fickle fiddle fiddle-faddle fizzle flapdoodle flexible foible follicle frazzle fumble gabble gaggle gamble garble gargle gargoyle gazelle gerbille giggle girdle gobble goggle grackle grabble granduncle grapple griddle grille‘le’ at the end of a word has the speech-sound u/l, continued NOTE: This list does not cover every single werd on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. grizzle grumble gullible guzzle hackle haggle handle hardscrabble hassle heckle hobble hornswoggle horrible hostile Hoyle Hubble huddle humble Huntsville hurdle hustle immersible impassible imperishible impermissible implausible impossible impressible inadmissible inaudible includible incombustible incompatible incontrovertible incorruptible incredible indefensible indelible indestructible indivisible inedible inexhaustible inexpressible infeasible infertile inflexible insensible intermingle interruptible invisible irradicable irresistible irresponsible jangle jiggle jingle Joggle jostle juggle jumble jungle kiddle kindle kerfuffle kettle kibble Knoxville knuckle ladle little mandible mangle manhandle mantle marble meddle mettle mingle Page 39 mishandle middle mizzle mottle muddle muffle multiple mumble muzzle myrtle Nashville needle nestle nettle nibble niggle nimble nipple noble noncombustible noncompatible noncompressble nonconvertible nondeductible noodle nozzle nuzzle octuple ogle omissible organelle ostensible packsaddle paddle panhandle paradiddle parbuckle particle passible pebble peddle perishible periwinkle perceptible perfectible permissible pestle pickle piddle piffle pimple plausible poodle popsicle possible potable prattle preventible prickle principle puddle puzzle purple quibble quintuple rabble ramble raffle raggle-taggle ramble ramshackle rankle rassle rattle razzle razzle-dazzle rectangle reprehensible‘le’ at the end of a word has the speech-sound ull, continued NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. resemble resistible responsible reversible revertible riddle riffle ripple Rip van Winkle risible royale rubble ruffle rumble rumple saddle sample scrabble scramble scrapple scribble scuttle scuffle sensible septuple settle sextuple shackle shamble shingle shuffle shuttle sickle simple single sizzle skedaddle skiffle shamble skimble-skamble skittle smuggle sniffle snuffle snuggle spackle spangle sparkle speckle spindle spittle spraddle sprinkle spritzle squabble squiggle startle steeple stickle stipple stopple straddle straggle strangle struggle stubble stumble submersible subsample suckle supple supressible Page 40 swaddle swashbuckle swindle swizzle syllable tackle tangle taradiddle tattle teakettle temple tensile terrible testicle thimble thistle throttle tickle tingle tinkle tipple tittle tittle-tattle toddle toggle tootle topple trample transmissible treakle treble tremble trestle trickle triple truckle truffle trundle tubercle turnbuckle tumble turtle tussle twaddle twiddle twinkle uncle vesicle vehicle ventricle versatile vesicle visible waggle wangle warble wheedle whiffle whistle whittle wiggle wimble wimple winkle wobble wrangle wrestler wriggle wrinklefad O at the end of a word has the speech-sound /oo/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. afro gecko no aglo ghetto no-go alto go no-no ammo go-go auto Po (the river) hello pro Barbaro (roper noun) HO so cargo info S0-SO stucco deco limo demo lo tempo domino tho memo ergo yo expo yo-yo Page 41‘ 3 ‘ 3 oa & O€@ words have the speech-sounds /oo/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. aircoach coax load roast aloe doe loaf roaster boar float loam roe board floater loan soak boast floats loaner soap boaster floe moan soar boat foal moaning toad boats foam oaf toady carload gloat oafs toast charcoal gloam oak toaster coal gloaming oaks toasty coach goad oar toe coal goal oat toes coast goat oath whoa coaster goats oats woe coasting goes oatmeal woes coastline hoax poem coat hoe road coater hoer roam coating hoes roamer coats Joe roan roar Page 42Cay? ‘ 3 Ol & oy words have the speech-sounds /oy/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. adjoin ahoy airfoil alloy annoy annoying asteroid avoid avoidable boil boiled boiler boiling boils boycott boyish broil broiled boy boys boysenberry cloister cloy cloying coil coiled coiling coin coins coit coy coyly deploy destroy destroyer destroying doily doyenne enjoin employ employer employment enjoy enjoyment exploit exploiting foil foist foyer Page 43 hoi-polloi hoist hoy join joiner joinery joint joints joist joy joys joystick loin moist noise noisily noisy oil oiler oils oily oy parboil poi purloin purloined roil soil soy soybeans spoil spoiler spoiling toil toiling toilet toilette toiletry toy toying toys void voilei ‘ , ‘oo & UE’ words have the speech-sound /uu/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but itis a good sample. accrue blueline flue moonshine root aircool blues fluegelhorn moor rooted avenue blueshift fondue moose rue barroom bluesy foo’ moot rued black-and- bluebells glued noon rues blue Brueghel goo oops shoo blue cartoon goof ooze shoot bluebeard cartoons goon overdue soon blueberry chopsuey goop poof subdue bluebonnet —_ construe goose pooh sue blue-chip countersue gruel pool sued blued clue hoof pooled sues bluefin cruel hoof poop too boo coo hoot pooped tool boob cool hooter poor toon boom coon kook poorer toot boomer coop kooky poorly Tuesday boomers cooper loom Purdue true boon coos looming pursue true-blue boos coot loon pursued trued boost doom loop residue undue boot doomed loot retinue untrue booty doozy looted revenue woo bluegill due looter restroom woof bluegrass duel looting roof woos blue-green duelists misconstrue —_ roofer z00 blueing dues moo room zoom bluejacket ensue mood roomer zoos bluejeans ensued moon roomette zoot Page 44‘ 3 ook words have the speech-sounds uuh/k NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample, book booked bookend bookkeeper bookkeeping bookish bookishness booking booklet bookmark bookmarks bookmarker bookseller bookshelf bookshelves bookshop bookstall bookstore bookworm books brook brooked brooklet Brooklyn brooks cashbook chapbook checkbook chinook cook cookbook cooked cooker cookery cookhouse cooking cookout cooks cooktop cooky crook crookback crooked crookeder crookedest crookedly crookedness. crookery crookneck crooks daybook e-book fishhook forsook gadzookery gadzooks gobbledegook handbook hornbook hook Hooke, Robert hooked hooking hooks hookup. hooky logbook look looked looker look-in looking lookout look-see looks Page 45 lookup, matchbook mistook nook nooks onlooker outlook overbook overcook overcooked overlook overlooked overlooking overtook partook passbook playbook pocketbook pothook rook rooked rookery rooking schnook scrapbook shook shook-up sketchbook snook snooker snookered songbook tenterhook textbook Tillamook took undertook unhook wishbook wordbook workbook yearbook * Gobbledegook is not perfectly phonetic because the “le” is mislead- ing in the middle of a word. But since it is such a nice word we are allowing it Pronounce it either gob-el-dee-gook or gob-le-dee-gook.‘ ’ OF’ words have the speech-sounds /or/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. abductor abnormality abhore abhored abhorrent absorb absorbed absorbent absorbing aborning abort abortive acorn accord according actor adaptor adore adorn adsorb aggressor airborn afterworld arborist bachelor bachellorette before border bordering borderland borderlands borderline bore borer bores boric boring boringly boringness born captor carnivore chore chortle comfort comport conform coral corbel corbelled cord corded Corinth cork corkboard corker cormorant com cornball corncob corncrib Cornish cornrow corny corral correct correctly correspond director directory doric dork dorm dormer dormitory dormouse dory effort efforts effortless effortlessly explore explorer Page 46 export factor factory florentine for ford forded fore forget forgetful forgetting forgive forgiven forgiveness forgiver forgivingly forgo forgone forgot forgotten forlorn forlornly form formality format formative formats formed former formerly formfitting formic forming formless formlessly formlessness forms forrest fort forth fortified fortifies fortify forty forty-one forty-two forty-three forty-six forty-seven forty-nine glorified glorify glory gordo gore gorilla gory grantor history horde horizontality horn hornbeam hornbill hornblende hornedness hornet hornets. horning hornless hornpipe horn-rims horns horntail horrid horrific horrified horrify horror‘or’ has the speech-sound /or/, continued NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. horse ignore ignoring implore import inform informative inquisitor inspector instore instructor Jordan laboratory Labrador lord lordy lore mayoral memorize minor minority moral morale morality moralize morbid morbidity more moribund morn morning morninglory mortified mortify nor nordic norm normality norms norse North Norway or ore orb orbs orbit orbiter orbiting orbits orca ordain ordained ordaining ordeal order ordered ordering orders organic oryx perfunctory porch porches pore pork porn port porter portico quorum rector rectory restore Page 47 restored restoring sailor satisfactory score scored scores shore shorn short shorter shorts snore snort snorts sordid sore sort splendor spore sport store storm story suborn suborned sores sordid sort sorting sorts store storing story swore sworn tailor territory terror terrors torch tore torment tormenting tormentor torments torn torpidity torpor torrid tort torts transitory vendor victor victory wore world wom yor yore‘ 3 ‘ J ou & OW’ words have the speech-sounds /ow/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. abound dormouse — mount pouch thou about douse mouse pound thousand account dow mouser pout tout accounting dowdy mouth pow towel around down mouths powder towelled astound dowry powderburn _ towelette noun powderpuff tower blouse flout now power town bound flower powered boundary foul ouch powerful unbound boundless fowl our proud unsound bout frowsy ours prow unwound bow oust prowess brow glower ouster prowl vouch browse gout out voucher browsed gown outer round vow brown ground outermost rout vows browned grounding outcrop row brownish outfit rows without hound outlast wound chow house outlaw scoundrel wow cloud how outline scow wows clout howl outlined scowl clown oust shout yowl clowned joust outs shouting clowning jowl outshine shouts zounds clownish jowly ow shower zowee count loud owl sound counter louse owls sounds cow lousy sour cower lout plow souse cowl plowed South cows, plows sow crown sows Page 48‘ 3 q UP words have the speech-sounds k/w NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. antiquity aqueduct aquifer aquiline banquet conquest consequent consequently delinquent equability equable equably equitable equip equipment equitably equity harlequin inequitable inequity iniquity inquest inquisitive inquisitor inquest inquisitlve liquid liquidity perquisite pipsqueak quack quacks quark quarrel quarrels quarreled quarreling quay queasy queen queer queerest quell quells quelling query quest quibbling quick quicker quickest quickly quill quilt quilter quilts quilting quints quintette quip quips quipping quit quitclaim quits quitter quitting quiver quivering quiveringly quiz quorum squeak squeaky squeamish squelch squint squirm squirms squirmed squirming squirrel squirrels * squirreled squirreling squirt squirts squirted squirting tranquil tranquility vanquish “squirreled” is the longest single-syl.able word in the English language Page 49‘ 3 sh words have the speech-sounds /sh/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. abolish airbrush airmanship ash ashy bash brackish brash brownish brush brushed burnish cash clash crash crayfish crawfish crush dash dish English enshrine famished fish fisherman fishy flash flashy freakish furnish gash gosh gush hairbrush harsh hash hush josh lash lashes lush lushly marsh mash mesh moonshine mush mushy nosh outshine partnership posh priggish puckish push pushy rash rubbish tush sash sashay sashes sh shad shag sham shard shards shark sharp sharpen shatter she shear shearing shears she'd she'll shim shin shine shined shiner shiny ship ships shipped shipper Page 50 shirt shiver shod shoo shoot shop shopper shore shorn short shorter shorts shot shout shouted shouting shouts shower shrine shriner shrines shrink shrimp shrug shrugs shrunk shuck shucks shudder shun shunt shunted shush shut shutter shy sluggish smallish smash squeamish starshine stash sunshine swish swishy thrash thrush toothbrush tranship transhipped trash trashy undershot unselfish upshot usher usherette wish wishes6 3 th words have the speech-sounds /th/ & /thh/ ‘th’ comes in two flavors: voiced and unvoiced. They are separated below. NOTE: This list does not cover every single won on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. Ith/ unvoicea absinthe aftermath bath catheter eleventh ethics fifteenth fifth forth hath kith lath math moth mouth myth myths ninety-three North nth oath path pith prosthetic seventh sixteenth sixth South sympathetic tenth thatch thaw thick thicker thickest thicket thin thing thinner think thinker thinking third thirst thirsty thirteen thirteenth thirty thirty-nine thou thousand thrash three throaty throngs thrush thud thug thunder thumper twelfth with without Page 51 Ithh/ voice further rather rhythm rhythmic. slather than that the (sight word) their (sight word) them then there (sight word) they (sight word) thine this tho (sight word) thus thy (sight word) wither withering mouths Poth voiced or not6 3 wh words have the speech-sound /w/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. buckwheat cartwheel cogwheel cowhand freewheeling pinwheel whack wham whammy wheat wheaten wheedle wheel wheelchair wheels wheeze wheezy whelk whelp when whenever whet whether which whichever whiff Whig whim whimper whimsical whimsically whimsy whine whinny whip whiplash whipper-snapper whippet whipping whir whirl whirligig whirlpool whirlwind whisk Page 52 whisker whiskers whisper whist whit whither whittle whiz whoa whoop whoosh whopper whopping whorl‘ ’ WI’ words have the speech-sound /r/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. cowry wreaks wring dowry wreath wringer handwritten wreathe wrinkling shipwreck wreck wrinkly underwritten wrecked wrist unwrap wrecker wristband wrack wrecking wristlet wracked wren wrists wracking wrench writ wraith wrenched written wrangler wrenching wrong wrap wrest wrongs wrapped wrestler wrongful wrap-up wretch wrongly wrapper wretchedly wrung wrath wretchedness wry wrathful wriggler wryly wreak wriggling wryness Page 53ce ” y-central words have the speech-sound /i/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample, abyss onyx sympathetic oryx sympathy crypt synapse cryptic pygmy synopsis crystal syntactic cyst rhythm syntax cystic rhythmic synthesis synthetic dyslexic styptic synthetically sybil system Gladys sycamore systematic syllable systemic hymn syllabus systolic sylvan lynch symbolic tryst symbolically typical myth symmetric typically mythic symmetrical typana symmetry tympanum This “y-central’ rule does not apply to the following compound words that end in “yard”. They have to be treated as memory words. backyard, barnyard, churchyard, dockyard, farmyard, lumberyard, shipyard, stockyard Page 54“y” has an /ii/ sound at the end of these 17 single syllable words: by, cry, dry, fly, fry, my, ply, pry, shy, sky, sly, spy, sty, thy, try, why & wry. “y” ending longer words have the speech-sound /ee/ NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. ability affability apathy bandy bounty abjectly affably aplenty bashfully boyishly abnormality affinity apostasy battery brainy abnormally agreeably appallingly beady brandy abominably aimlessly applicability beastly brashly abruptly airily aptly beefy brassy absently alacrity archenemy belfry bratty, absinthe alarmingly archery, bellicosity breezily abstractly alertly archly belly breezy absurdity alkalinity archway Betty brevity absurdly allegorically ardently bevy briskly abundantly allegory army bigamy bubbly abysmally amatory artery Billy buddy academically ambivalently _ artfully billy buffoonery academy amenity artillery bitterly buggy accordingly amicability artistically blandly bulky accountability amicably artistry bleakly bumpy activity amity artlessly blissfully bunny adamantly amnesty artsy blowzy Burgundy adaptability amply arty bluntly burly adeptly analytically assembly blurry buttery admirably anatomically astonishingly _ blustery cabby admiralty Andy astoundingly boastfully calamity admissibility animosity athletically bobby calumny admittedly annoyingly availability bodily campy admonitory anomaly avidity body candidly adorably antibody avidly boggy candy adroitly antipathy avoidably bonny cannery adultery antiquity badly booby cannily adversity antiseptically baggy booty canny advertly apathetically banality botany captivity Page 55“y” ending longer words have the speech-sound /ee/, continued NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy~To-Read list, but it is a good sample. carnally carpentry categorically category cattily catty cavalry cavity charmingly chastity chatty cheaply cheekily cheeky cheesy chilly choosy choppy chubby chummy churlishly classically cleanly cleverly clingy clinically cloudy clumsily clumsy cocky colicky comically competently concavity conductivity confidently consequently constantly coolly copy cosmically county crabby craftily crafty craggy cranny crappy crassly creaky creamery creamy credibility credibly creditably creepy criminally crinkly crisply crispy critically crockery cruddy crumbly crummy crunchy crusty cryptically cuddly culpability cunningly curly currently curry curtly curtsy curvy cutlery daddy daffy daily daintily dainty dairy daisy dally damnably dandy darkly deerly deftly demagogy density dentistry deprecatory Derby derby destiny desultory devilishly deviltry differently difficulty diffidently dignity dilatory dimly dinky directly dirty disability disagreeably disappointingly discreetly discriminatory disdainfully disgustingly disloyalty dismally disorderly Page 56 distantly distillery distrustfully diversity divinity divisibility divvy dizzily dizzy doily dolly dominantly dormitory dory dowdy downy dowry drably drafty dramatically drastically dreamily dreamy dressy drizzly droopy drowsily drowsy duchy dumpy dusky dusty eagerly easily easterly easy eatery ecstasy ecstatically eddy elderly embassy Emily eminently empathy emptily empty endlessly enigmatically enmity entertainingly entity entry envy epilepsy equability equably equitably equity ethically ethnically evidently excretory expertly extrinsically faculty faintly fairly fairy faithfully faithlessly fallibility fallibly family fanatically fanny fantastically fantasy fatality feasibility“y” ending longer words have the speech-sound /ee/, continued NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy~To-Read list, but it is a good sample. feasibly federally feebly feelingly femininity fertility fervently fervidly festivity fiery fifty filmy filthy finicky firmly firstly ffiscally fishery fishy fitfully fittingly fixedly fixity fizzy flabby flamboyantly flammability flashy flatly flatteringly flattery fleetingly fleshly fleshy flexibility flimsily flimsy flinty flippantly floozy floppy floury flowery fluffy flurry fluttery foamy folly fondly foolery foolhardy foolishly forestry formality formally formidably forty foully foundry foxy frailty frantically fraternally fraternity freaky freely frenetically frenzy freshly fretfully frilly frippery friskily frisky, frivolity frizzy frowzy frumpy fundamentally funnily funny furry fussily fussy fusty fuzzily fuzzy gabby gaiety gaily gainfully gainsay galaxy gallantly gallantry gallery gantry garlicky geeky ghastly giddily giddy gimmickry gimmicky gimpy gladly glassy gleefully glibly glibness glittery gloomily gloomy glory glossy golly goofy gory gossipy grainy Page 57 grammatically Grammy grandly granny grassy gravelly gravity greasy greedily greedy greenery grimly grisly gritty grizzly groggily groggy groovy grouchy groundlessly grubby gruffly grumpily grumpy gullibility gully gummy gunnery guppy gushy gusty gutsy haberdashery habitability handily handy happily happy hardily hardly hardy harmfully harmlessly harmonically harpy harshly heatedly hectically heedlessly hefty hellishly helpfully helplessly Henry heredity hermetically hesitantly hillbilly hilly hippy historically holly homily hominy horizontally horny horsy hospitably hospitality hostelry hostility hotly howdy huffy, humbly husbandry huskily, husky hussy hypnotically“y” ending longer words have the speech-sound /ee/, continued NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. hypocrisy icky iffy immensity imminently immodestly immodesty immorality immorally immortality immortally impassivity impeccably impenetrability impenetrably impertinently imperturbably impishly implacability implacably importantly impossibility impossibly impracticality improbability improbably improperly inability inactivity inadvertently inanity incompetently increasingly incredibility incredibly indelibly indemnity independently indifferently indignantly indignity indirectly indiscreetly indispensably indivisibly indomitably industry ineptly inequity inertly inestimably inevitability inevitably infallibility infallibly infamy infantry infertility infidelity infinitesimally infinity infirmity inflammatory inflexibility inflexibly informality informally iniquity injury inky insanity insensibility insensibly insensitivity insignificantly insistently instability instantly instrumentality insufferably integrity intensity intently interestingly interminably intermittently internally interrogatory intolerably intrepidly intrinsically invalidity inventory invisibility invisibly invulnerability Italy Jaggedly jalopy jazzy jelly Jenny jerkily Jerky Jetty Jiffy Jimmy jimmy jittery jointly jollity jolly joyfully jumpy justly keenly Kennedy kingly kinky kitty Page 58 knobby loyally knotty loyalty kooky luckily lackadaisically lucky laconically lumpy lamentably _lustfully lastly lustily laterally lusty latterly maddeningly lavatory madly lavishly magnanimity laxity magnetically laxly maidenly leafy mainly leaky majestically lechery majesty lefty majority leggy malady levity malignantly levy malignity liberality mandatory liberally manfully liberty manifestly Lily manly lily mannerly limpidity mannishly limpidly markedly limply marketability lingeringly marshy liquidity masterfully listlessly masterly litany mastery literally maternally livery maternity loamy mathematically lobby meagerly loony mealy lordly meaningfully loudly meanly lousy measly“y” ending longer words have the speech-sound /ee/, continued NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. meaty medically meekly melodically mentality mentally messily messy methodi- cally metrically middy militantly milky mimicry minimally ministry minority minty miserably misery mistily misty mockery mockingly modernity modestly modesty moiety mommy monstrosity moodily moody morally morbidity morbidly mortality mortally mousy mucky muddy muggy multiply mummy murkily murky mushy musky mussy musty mystery nappy nastily nasty nativity nattily natty navigability neatly needlessly needy negative nerdy nervy nicely nifty nimbly ninny nippy nocturnally noisily noisy nominally nondairy nonentity nonsensically normality, normally northeasterly northerly northwesterly novelty nunnery nursery nutty objectivity oddity oddly oily optically optimistically optometry orally oratory orderly organdy organically omery ostensibly outstandingly paddy painfully painlessly palpatly panicky pansy pantry partly passably passivity patently paternally paternity pathetically patty pebbly pedantically pedaniry pederasty peevishly Page 59 penalty penitently penny peppery peppy perfidy perjury perky permanently perplexity persistently persnickety pertly perversity pesky pessimistically petty picky piggy pimply pithily pithy pitifully Pitilessly pity plainly playfully pleasingly plentifully plenty plucky plushy pointedly pointlessly pointy polity pomposity poppy portability portly possibility possibly potbelly pottery potty poverty powdery powerfully powerlessly practicability practicality practically pragmatically predatory prefatory preferably preppy presently prickly primly prissy privy probability probably problematically profitability profitably prominently promptly properly property proudly proximity proxy publicly puffy pulpy punchy puppetry puppy“y” ending longer words have the speech-sound /ee/, continued NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. purgatory purportedly pussy Putty pygmy quackery quaintly queasily queasy queenly quickly quirky quizzically radically raggedly raggedy raillery railway rainy rally rampantly rapidity rapidly rashly raspy ratty readability recklessly reedy relativity relevantly remedy repertory respiratory restfully restlessly revelry reverently ribaldry richly rickety risky robbery rocketry rocky roomy roundly rowdy royalty rubbery ruddy, ruefully rugby, ruggedly rummy runny rusty sacristy sadistically saintly Sally sally sandy sanity sappy sarcastically sardonically sassy satanically satiny sawy scabby scantily scanty ‘scornfully scraggly scrappy screenplay scrubby scruffy scullery scummy scurry scurvy scuzzy seamy seedy seemingly seemly selectivity selfishly selflessly senility sensibility sensibly sensitivity sentimentality sentimentally sentry serenity servility seventy severally sexy shabbily shabby shaggy shanty sharply sheepishly shiftily shifty shimmy shinny shivery shoddily shoddy shortly showery shrubbery Page 60 shrubby sickly signally signatory significantly silky silly silvery simply sinfully singly sissy sisterly sixty skeptically skillfully skimpy skinny skulduggery slaphappy sleazy sleekly sleepily sleepy sleety slickly slinky slippery slithery ‘sloppily sloppy sluggishly slushy smartly smelly smithy smoggy smoothly smugly smutty snappy snazzy sneaky snippy snobbery snobby snooty snugly soapy soggy solidly somberly soothingly sordidly soundly sourly southeasterly southwesterly spasmodically speakeasy speedily speedy spiffy spindly splashy splendidly spooky sporty spotlessly spotty squeaky squirmy squishy stability staggeringly staidly starchy starkly starry statistically“y” ending longer words have the speech-sound /ee/, continued NOTE: This list does not cover every single word on our Easy-To-Read list, but it is a good sample. steamy steely steeply sterility sternly sticky stiffly stocky stolidly stormily stormy story stoutly straggly streaky strictly stringy stubby study stuffy stumpy sturdily sturdy subjectivity suddenly sudsy sulkily sulky sullenly sully sultry summery sundry sunny suppository surly sweetly swiftly swimmingly swingingly symbolically symmetrically symmetry sympathetically sympathy synthetically systematically tabby tacky tactfully tactically tactlessly taffy tally tannery tapestry tardily tardy, tarry tartly taxidermy teeny telemetry telepathy temptingly tenderly terminally terrifically testy thickly thinly thirdly thirstily thirsty thirty thorny thriftily thrifty throaty timidity timidly tingly tinny tipsily tipsy tizzy toady toasty tocsin toddy toiletry tolerably tolerantly tomfoolery Tommy toothy topically transitory trashy travesty treaty trendy trickery tricky trimly Trinity trustfully trusty tubby tummy tweedy ‘twenty twiggy ugly unaccountably unavoidably uncannily uncanny underbelly underhandedly Page 61 understandably uneasily uneasy unfailingly unfairly unfaithfully unfeelingly ungainly ungodly unhappily unhappy unjustly unluckily unlucky unmanly unmannerly unseemly unselfishly, unspeakably unthinkingly unwillingly unwittingly uppity urbanity vainly validity validly vanity vapidity varsity vastly velvety verbally verbosity versatility vertically vestry virility viscosity visibility visibly vividly volatility vulnerability wacky waxy weakly weekly westerly whammy wheezy whimsically whimsy whinny wickedly wiggly willfully willingly wimpy windy wintry wishfully wispy wistfully witlessly wittily wittingly witty wobbly woefully woozy wrinkly yeasty yucky yummy zippyThese are the classic words for beginners, All the vowels are short and the words are therefor easy to read. If the words are not in the beginners’ speaking vocabularies, teach them. They are easy to learn. bad, bag, bam, ban, bat bed, beg, bet bib, bid, big, bin, bit, biz bob, bod, bog, bon, ‘bop, bot, box bub, bud, bug, bum, bun, bus, but cab, cad, cam, can, cap, cat cob, cod, cog, con, cop, cot cub, cup, cut dab, dad, dam den, deb did, dig, dim, din, dip doc, dog, don, dop, dot dub, dud, dug, dun’ fab, fad, fat, fan, fax fed. fez fib, fig, fin, fit, fix fob, fog, fox fun gab, gad, gag, gal, gam, gas, gat get, gem gig, gin gob, god, got, gut, gum, gun, gym had, hag, ham, has, hat hem, hen, het, hex hid, him, hip, hit hob, hod, hog, hop, hot hub, hug, huh! hut jab, jag, jam jet 4ib, jig Job, jog, jot Jug, jut keg, ken, kid, kit lab, lad, lag, lap, lam, lax led, leg, let lib, lid, Tip, lit lob, log, lop, lot, lox, lug Page 62 307 Easy-To-Read CVC words in alphabetical order mad, man, mat, map, max med, men, met mid, mix mob, mod, mom, mop mud, mug, mum nab, nag, nap net nib, nil, nip, nit, nix nob, Nod, non, not nub, nun, nut pad, pad, pal, pan, pap, pat, pax Peg, pen, pep, pet pic, pig, pin, pip, pit, pix Pod, ‘pon, pop, pot, pox pub, pug, pun, pup, pus, put rad, rag, ram, ran, rap, rat red, ref, rep, rev rib, rid, rig, rim, rip rob, rod, rom, rot tub, rug, rum, run, rut sad, sag, san, sap, sat, sax set, sex sin, sip, sis, sit, six 0b, sod, sot, Sop sub, sum, sun tab, tad, tag, tam, tan, tap, tat, tax ten tic, tin, tip, ‘tis, tit top, tot tub, tug, tut van, vat vet, vex vim wag, wax web, wed, wet wig, win, wit, wiz wok yak, yam, yap yen, yes, yet yin, yip yum, yup yob, yon zag, zap zig, Zip, zitMostly CVC and VC words in common phrases. They all have short vowels -- except the “A”, “I” and “OK” BET AND WIN + GETSET + ALEGUP + INACAN BIG AND BAD + HOB NOB + AFATCAT + INACUP BOX AND LID + HOT POT + APIGPEN + INADEN CAN AND LID + HUG BUG + ASETUP. + INAFIT CAT AND DOG + JETSET + BETONIT + INAHAT CUP AND LID + LAP NAP + CUTITIN + INAPEN MAD AND SAD + MAX TAX + DIDITFIT? + INARUT MOMANDDAD = + _- MOB JOB + DOITUP IS THOT? MOMAND POP —+_-NABLAB + FITHIM IN + ISITIN? UP AND IN + NITWIT + FITUS IN + ISITON? BAG IT + PEGLEG + FITITIN + ISITNOT? BIG DOG + PEN MEN + FIX HIM UP + IS ITOK? CUT UP + POP TOP + FIXUS UP + ITISHOT FAT CAT + PUN FUN + FIXITUP + ITISIN HIP HOP + RAG BAG + GETACAB + ITISNOT HOT BUN + RED BED + GETAGUN + ITISOK HOT POT + SAD DAD + GETHIMIN + ITIS SAD HOT ROD + SAD LAD + GETHIMON + LETHIM ON NOT YET + SITPIT + GETHIMUP + LETHIM UP RED HOT + SOTROT + GETAJOB + PUT HIM IN TIN MAN + TAN FAN + GETITIN + PUTHIM ON TIP TOP + TAN VAN + GETITON + PUT HIM UP TOP GUN + TOT POT + GETITUP + PUTITIN TOP HAT + TOP COP + HOP ON IT + PUTITON ZIG ZAG + WET VET + HOP ON POP + PUTITUP BAD CAD + WET SET + HOTDOGBUN + PUTUSIN BIG DIG. + ABIG CAT + LAM IN + PUTUS ON BIG PIG + ABIG DOG + 1AM UP + PUTUS UP BIG RIG. + ABIG GAL + 1AM SAD + SETITUP BIG WIG + ABIG HAT + 1CAN NOT + SITONIT FAT BAT + ABIG HEN + 1DIDIT + SOITIS FAT CAT + ABIGMAN + 1 DID NOT + TAPAKEG FOX POX + ABIG DOG + 1GOTIN + UPON TOP FUN RUN + ABIGPIG + 1GOTON + YES IDID! GAB LAB + ABIG HOG + INABAG GAL PAL + ABUM RAP + INABOX Page 6340 EASY-TO-READ 2-, 3- & 4-LETTER-WORD PHRASES Challenge your student to write a bunch more. BET AND WIN BIG AND BAD BIG RED DOG BOX & LID CAN AND LID CAB AND BUS CAT AND DOG CUP AND LID CUT AND RUN DOG AND BUN GAS AND OIL GET AHOT DOG GET AND GO PAL AND GAL HAM AND EGGS HE AND | HE AND SHE HIT AND RUN HIM NOT HER HIS AND HERS Page 64 HUG A BUG IN AND OUT MAAND PA MAD AND SAD MAN AND BOY MOM & DAD MOM AND POP HIS PET CAT NEW AND OLD ON AND OFF PRO AND CON PUT IT ON TAP THE KEG THE HOT DOG THICK & THIN THIS, NOT THAT UP AND IN WET AND DRY YOU AND ME ZIG AND ZAGEASY-TO-READ sentences for beginning readers. All the vowels are short except those in the short, very common words; A, THE, HE, SHE, ME, MY, TO and DO. ‘The number in the [brackets] below are the target times, in seconds, to hit 50 words / minute This is equal to the DIBELS target for the Spring of 2nd grade. ACAT CAN BE AFUN PET IF YOU DO NOT HIT IT. DO NOT BUG A BIG KID, IT WILL GET HIM MAD. DID THAT MAN PUT A WET WIG ON HIS NOB? HE SAT ON A GOB OF GUM AND IT GOT HIM MAD. (45 WORDS) [54] Rene 1AM A MAN AM I NOT? | WILL NOT SHUT UP. THE BIG BED BUG BIT HIM ON HIS LEG. YUK IT UP, DO NOT BE SAD AND MAD. DO NOT BE APIG, DO NOT HOG TT. (39 WORDS) [47] OAD 9. SHE SAT ONABIG GOB OF GOO. 10. THE HAT DID NOT FIT? 11. PUTA BIT OF HAM ON A BUN AND PUT IT IN THE RED BAG 12. SHE WAS AS MAD AS A WET HEN. (36 WORDS) [43] 19.DO NOT LCT IM UP TO DAT 14.DO NOT PUT AHAT ON A BED. 15. DID HE GET AHOT DOG ON ABIG BUN? 16. HE BIT HIS LIP AND DID NOT NAG OR BEG. (35 WORDS) [42] 17. THE DOG SAT ONALOG WITH ABUG , ACAT AND AHOG, 18. DID YOU GET ON ABUS OR GO BY CAB? 19. THE RAT RAN INA ZIG ZAG PATH -- THE CAT DID NOT GET HIM. 20. THE HEN GOT A BUG AND PUT IT INA BOX. (49 WORDS) [59] 21,DID YOU SIT WITH HIS SIS AND HIS DAD? 22,MY MOM AND DAD SAT WITH MY SIS IN A TAN VAN 23, THE MAD LAD SAT IN HIS HUT AND THAT WAS THAT. 24, THAT IS MY PET DOG, DO NOT HIT IT WITH A BAT. (44 WORDS) [53] 25,DO NOT PUT A CAT INA BOX WITH A DOG 26,1 AM FED UP WITH THAT DOG. HE HAS YET TO GETARAT, I WILL GET RID OF HIM WHEN | CAN 27. THE FISH HAS A FIN ON HIM. 28, PUT THE RED TOP ON THE TIN POT. (49 WORDS) [59] 29, THE MAN HAD A PEG LEG; HE DID NOT RUN WITH THEM. 30, DID YOU PUTA TAG ON THAT BIG RED DOG? 31, YOU CAN NOT HUG A BUG; YOU CAN NOT PAT A RAT, 32,1 WILL NOT SIT ON THAT BOX; DO NOT GET IT. (45 WORDS) [54] Page 65SOME 2-WORD PHRASES Challenge your students to make up more and use these and theirs in sentences. AND YET... CUT UP AM |? DO IT AM NOT DO NOT ARE YOU? DOG DAYS ASKWHY DOGHIM ATIT FAR OUT AT ME FAT CAT AT ONE FOR NOW AT US G.I. JOE BAG IT GET BY BE IN GET IN BE UP GET ON BIG DOG GET OUT BY ALL GO BY BY HER GO DO BY HIM GO FAR BY IT GO IN BY ME GO NOW BY NOW GO ON CUT IN GO OFF CUT OUT GO OUT GO UP HAHA HE CAN HE DID HE MAY HE HAD HER WAY HIP HOP HO HO HOT BUN HOT POT HOT ROD HOW NOW HM HM 1AM | CAN | MAY 1DO 1GO r'LLGO I'LL SAY I'M IN I'M IT I'M ON I'M OK I'M SAD I'M UP IS IT? ITIS! TWILL NON PRO NOT NOW NOT YET OH BOY OH ME OH MY OPT IN OPT OUT PIG OUT RED HOT SAY NO SAY YES SHE DID SHE MAY THE END TIN MAN TIP TOP TO ME TOP GUN TOP HAT UP ON WE DO WHO ME? WHY ME? WHY NOW? YOU DO YOU CAN YOU GO ZIG ZAG ALL THE WORDS IN THE PIECES ARE SELECTED-PHONETIC WORDS, Page 6634 Easy To -Read 1-, 2- AND 3-LETTER-WORD “AND” PHRASES Tell us which ones we missed. Challenge your students to write a bunch more. ARM AND LEG BET AND WIN BIG AND BAD BOX AND LID BOY AND GAL CAN AND LID CAR AND BUS CAT AND DOG CUP AND LID CUT AND DRY DOG AND BUN GAS AND OIL GET AND GO HAM AND EGGS HE AND | HE AND SHE HEM AND HAW HIM AND HER HIS AND HERS IN AND OUT MAAND PA MAD AND SAD MAN AND BOY MOM AND DAD MOM AND POP ON AND OFF SEAAND SKY SIT AND EAT TO AND FRO UP AND IN WET AND DRY YOU AND | YOU AND ME ZIG AND ZAG ALL THE WORDS IN THESE PIECES ARE EASY-TO-READ WORDS Page 67A SELECTION OF FIFTY-FOUR MINI-RHYMES Some of these are common and some are not. Challenge your students to create and write more of these Mini-Rhymes over the course of the school year. BAD CAD BIG DIG BIG PIG BIG RIG BIG WIG BOY TOY COY BOY DAB JAB FAT BAT FAT CAT FOX POX FUN ONE FUN RUN GAB LAB GAL PAL GET SET HER FUR HOT POT HUG BUG I CRY I TRY JET SET JOY BOY LAP NAP MAY DAY MAX TAX MOB JOB NAB LAB NAG HAG NIT WIT OY BOY PAY DAY PEG LEG PEN MEN POP TOP PUN FUN RAG BAG RAW LAW RED BED SAD DAD SAD LAD SIT PIT SAY NAY TAN FAN TAN VAN TOT POT TOP COP WE SEE WEE PEA WET VET WET PET WHY CRY? WHY TRY? WRY EYE ALL THE WORDS IN THESE PIECES ARE EASY-TO-READ WORDS Page 68Use the hundreds of phrases, rhymes and epigrams to challenge your students in a variety of ways. Have them select their favorites ... have them write some of their own .... ask them to memorize a few. This is the kind of thing that might be fun for them to do with their families and bring in the results for posting on a bulletin board. SOME ASLY FOX FIT HIM IN HE GOT OUT IF YOU CAN AS ITIS FIT ME IN HE IS IN INABAG 3-WORD ag we aRE FIT US IN HE IS OUT IN ABOX PHRASES asyouarRE FIT ITIN HE IS SAD INA CAN AT THE END FIX HER UP HE SAW HER INACAR ACTOF MAN = ATTHE TIP FIX HM UP HE SAW HIM INA CUP ABAD DAY — AT THE TOP FIX ME UP HE SAW IT IN ADEN ABAD WAY AWAY OUT FIX US UP HE SAW ME INAFIT ABIG CAT BETHE ONE —FIXITUP. HE SAW US IN AHAT ABIG DAY BET ON IT FUNFORALL HE WAS IN INAJAR ABIGDOG § BUTNOTNOW GETACAB HE WAS OUT —INAPEN ABIG GAL BUYITNOW — GETAGUN HE WAS SAD INARUT ABIG HAT BYTHE WAY GETHERIN. — HIMANDHER ~— INAWAY ABIG HEN CATANDDOG GETHERNOW HIMAND ME IN AND OUT ABIG MAN CUTANDRUN GETHERON — HITITOUT IN HER EAR ABIGDOG —-CUTITIN GETHER OUT HOP ON IT IN HIS EAR ABIG PIG. CUT IT OUT GETHERUP HOPONPOP _INFORIT ABIGHOG = CUTINTWO ——GETHIMIN HOP TO IT IN THE AIR ABUMRAP —_DAYBYDAY = GETHIMNOW HOTDOGBUN __ IN THE BAG ALEG UP DID IT FIT? GETHIMON — HOWARE YOU? IN THE BOX ANEWCAR DID HE GO? GETHIMOUT — HOWIS HE? IN THE CAN ANEWWAY DIDSHEGO? = GETHIMUP —- HOWIS IT? IN THE CUP ADD IT UP DIDYOUGO? ~~ GETAJOB HOWIS SHE? INTHE DAY AFAT CAT DOTHE DAY — GETITALL HOWWAS IT? IN THE DEN AIMAT IT DOTHE JOB —GETITIN HOW WAS HE? IN THE END AIMFORIT DO ITNOW GETITNOW — HOWWAS SHE? IN THE JAR ALLFORONE DO ITUP GET IT ON 1AM IN IN THE PEN ALLTHE WAY DONOTASK — GETIT OFF 1AM OUT IN THE SUN ANEAGLEEYE DONOTCRY GETITOUT —‘ | AMUP IN THE SEA ANOLDCAT DONOTDIG — GETITUP 1AM SAD IN THE SKY ANOLDPAL DO NOTFIB GETOUTNOW CAN NOT IN MY EAR ANOLD GUY DONOTGO GO BY BUS 1DID IT IN MY WAY ANOLDGAL DONOTHEM GO BY CAR 1 DID NOT IN THE WAY ANOLDDOG DONOTHAW GOFORIT 1 DID SO 1 SAWIT APIG PEN DO NOT LIE GOONNOW 1DO NOW 1 SAW HIM ARE YOU OK? DO NOT SIN HE AND | 1GOT IN | SAWHER ASET UP EAT AFIG HEAND SHE | GOT ON 1S ITART? ASK HER OUT FIT HER IN HE GOTONE — | GOT OUT 1S IT HE? Page 69IS ITHER? IS THOT? IS ITIN? IS IT SHE? Is ITSO? Is ITNOW? IS IT OFF? IS ITON? IS IT NOT? IS IT OK? ITISART IT IS HE ITIS HER ITIS HOT ITISIN ITIS SHE ITIS SO IT IS NOW IT IS OFF IS ITON IT IS NOT ITIS ODD ITIS OK ITIS SAD IT WAS SAD IT WAS ODD IT WAS OUT | WAS SAD JOY TO YOU IT WILL BE LEG IT OUT LET IT BE LET ITGO LET IT OUT LET ME BE LET ME GO LET ME OFF LET ME ON LET ME OUT LET ME SEE LET ME UP LET HER BE LET HER GO 3-WORD PHRASES CONTINUED LET HER OFF PUT IT OUT LET HER ON PUT US IN LET HER OUT PUT US ON LET HER UP PUT US UP LET HIM BE PUT US OUT LET HIM GO RUN FOR IT LET HIM OFF SAY IT NOT LET HIM ON SAY IT NOW LET HIM OUT SAY NO SIN LET HIM UP SEAAND SKY ME OH MY SEE NO SIN MOMAND DAD — SET “EMUP. ODDSAND ENDS = SET IT UP OLDAS SIN SET IT OUT ON AND ON SHE SAW HER ON MY WAY SHE SAW HIM ON OUR WAY SHE SAW IT ON THE BUS SHE SAW ME ON THE COB SHE SAW US ON THE DOT SIT IT OUT ON THE FLY SITON IT ON THE MAT SOITIS ON THE TOP SO IT WAS ON THE WAY SO SUE ME ON TOP OF TAP A KEG ONE AND ALL TEE IT UP ONE AND ONE THE OLD WAY ONE FOR ALL THE WAY IN ONE FOR ME THE WAY OUT ONE FOR YOU THE WAY UP OUT FOR FUN TIEABOW PAY UP NOW TIEAFLY PUT HER IN TIEATIE PUT HER ON TIT FOR TAT PUT HER OUT TO AND FRO PUT HER UP TWO AND TWO PUT HIM IN UP FOR IT PUT HIM ON UP ON TOP PUT HIM OUT WAS IT YOU? PUT HIM UP WAS IT HIM? PUT ITIN WAS IT HER? PUT ITON WAY TO GO PUT IT UP WAY TOO BIG Page 70 WAY TOO HOT WAY TOO FAT WAY WAY OUT WE ARE ALL WE SAW HER, WE SAW HIM WE SAWIT WHY NOT HER? WHY NOT HIM? WHY NOT ME? WHY NOT NOW? WHY NOT US? WHY NOT YOU? WIN OR DIE WOE IS ME YES AND NO YES | DID YES HE DID YES SHE DID YES WE DID YES YOU DID YES YOU CAN YET TO BE YOUAND I YOU AND HE YOU AND SHE YOU AND ME YOU AND US YOU AND WE, YOU CAN NOT YOU DOG YOU YOU GO GAL YOU SLY FOX ZIG AND ZAG4-WORD PHRASES Aim at the sun ASK IF YOU MAY BAD ARTIST, BAD ART Be as you are Did it add up? DO NOT LET GO GET IT FOR ME GET OUT OF BED GET TO THE TOP Go now, go out He is anag How did you do? HOW DO YOU DO lam aman | DID NOT TRY do, do you? In war we die 11 CUIS 1WO WAYS: ITIS AN ART ON TOP OF IT OUT IN THE AIR Oy, woe is me SON OF AGUN THE ART OF WAR THE DOGS OF WAR THE WAY TO GO WHO LET YOU OUT? Win if you can 5-WORD PHRASES Be aman my son BE ALL YOU CAN BE BIG BUGS EAT WEE BUGS Can you fit it in? Doctor, doctor, fix him up. Do it, do it now Do it to the max GET OUT OF THE WAY Go gal, go for it It can cut two ways ITIS ALL ART TO ME He had a dry wit HE HAD AWRY GRIN HE MAY SET YOU UP How is it by you? 1AM, SO 1 WILL TAMAS 1AM 11 CAN BE SEI UP Itwas a bum rap IT WAS A SET UP Oh say can you see One and one are two Ow, | bit my lip Puta lid on it SAY IT IS NOT ART SHE GOT IN MY WAY SHE MAY SET IT UP THE ARC OF THE SUN The cat in the hat WE DIG OUR OWN RUTS YOU AND ME ARE WE YOU CAN DO ITTOO YOU CAN TOO DO IT YOU TWO CAN DO IT We are all our own Who did it and way? Who let the dogs out? Page 71 6-WORD PHRASES Aboy is not aman Aboy will be a boy Act can not be had ART CAN LET US SEE Call the doctor., call him now Did you see the see-saw? DO NOT BUG ABIG KID Do not fly in a fog DO NOT GET IN THE WAY Fit fun in all you do HE IS ON THE WAY UP | SAW IT ON THE FLY 1 WAS OUT FOR THE DAY IF IT IS FUN, DO IT IT MAY BE A SET UP IT WAS AN ACT OF MAN LET GO THE DOGS OF WAR Let it go, let it be MY LEG IS CUT IN TWO Put a bug in her ear She is sly as a fox She was shy as a doe So say you one and all? That is one fat, fat cat To be or not to be ... (W.S.) WHY IS ITAS IT IS? You can not con a con You can not fox a fox7-WORD PHRASES AND SENTENCES A dim oaf is a bad foe. Aman and his art are one. ‘Add it up and get the sum. All for one and one for all Are you the one for the job? As far as they can see Ask if itis OK to go By the way, let it go bye. Did you fry that egg in pig fat? Do not ask an ox to tea. Do not ask a pig to dine at the Ritz. Do not get in your own way. Do not lie and do not fib. Fun, fun, fun —is it the aim? Get fun out of all you do. He has an ear to ear gap. 1am aman, am | not? 1 do now, but | did not di it then. If it is to be, let it be me. If you can not do “X", do “Y*. If you go, go all the way. If you think you can, you can. Is he the man for the job? Itwas a joy -- it was fun Itwas at 7 —on the dot It was fun for one and all -we had a ball On and on, it has no end. One day, you may fiy a jet One for all and all for one Run it, or be run by it Say to all, "He was a man’, (SHAKESPEARE) So it was and so itis. The bed bug bit his big toe. The cow and her cud are one. The sun and the sky are one. Was the hen or the egg first? Who is it | ask for the job? Yuk it up, do not be sad. You can do it if you try. Page 72LONGER PHRASES AND SENTENCES ‘Adoe can hop and so can a kid ‘Anap can be as a ray of sun ~ It can cut the fog A new toy can be a joy, but it can kill the day. Be not the first to act, but be not the last. Add vim, wit and fun to the job. ‘Add a nap to the day if you can Aim for all the X's and O's you can get ‘An old pal is often a lot of fun Are you on the ball or are you off? Artis the act of a man to say the way he is and the way he sees As the boy is, so is the man. Ask for me if you get in a jam Ask the big kids to let you do it too At the end of the day — the sun set. At the end of the day it may be OK. Did the cow say ‘moo’, or did the cow go, moo? Did the hen lay an egg a day? Did you do it or did you not? Dip the fig in the dip and see howiit is. Do, do, do what you do, do, do to me. Do not aim at air. Do not ask a pig how to act. Do not be a pig, do not hog it. Do not buy a pig in a sack Do not fib to get out of a fix Do not let him up to bat. Do not let the cat out of the bag Do not let the day go by -- act now. Do not let the goo get on you. Do not lie. Own up to it if you did it Do not put a dog and a cat in one box. Do not put a hat on a bed. Do not put two cats in one bag. Do not say it if it is not so. Do not “try”. As you try, the day may die Do not try to fox a fox Do not use an ax if an awl can do the job Get out of my way and let me do it on my own, He ate a hot dog on a bun He ate the hot dog and the bun. He bit his lip and let it go He is a man who can not be had He is all man, from tip to toe. He is way too big, way to fat He sat on a big gob of goo. He was an ad man, but he did not add up. He was hot -- she put him on ice He was so far out, he was back in Hm, let me see, do | do or do | not? | ate a bit of it. It was not for me. I met her, she was not for me. | saw her cry and did not ask why. Page 73MORE LONGER PHRASES AND SENTENCES Ifitis to be, it is up to me. Ifitis to be, let it be me to do it IF ITIS TO BE, LET IT BE NOW. IF IT IS TO BE, WHY NOT ME, WHY NOT NOW? If we see a pig fly, you can go. IF YOU ARE IN A RUT, DO NOT DIG IF YOU ARE IN, GET IN ALL THE WAY. IF YOU DO NOT DO “x", DO “Y" IF YOU DO NOT GET IT, SAY SO. IF YOU GET IN, GET ALL THE WAY IN IF YOU GET OUT, GET ALL THE WAY OUT. IF YOU VEX ME, I'LL PUT HEX ON YOU ILL DO IT IF YOU DO IT OR IF YOU DO NOT DOIT. ILL GO IF YOU ASK ME IN AN OK WAY. IS HE THE MAN I ASK FOR A JOB? Is it an odd or is it an end? IS IT IN YOU TO BE ANACE? IS IT OK TO GO TO WAR IF YOU ARE NOT HIT? IS ITYES, OR IS IT NO? DO 1 DO IT CR DO 1 GO? IS THE SUN NOT FOR ALL TO SEE? IS THE AIR NOT FOR YOU AND ME? IT DID NOT FIT? WAS IT AN ODD ORAN END? IT, MY BOY, IS AS OLD AS SIN. IT WAS ABIG JOB, BUT YOU DID IT. IT WAS A RAW, WET AND DAMP DAY. IT WAS NOT HER. SHE DID NOT DOT. LET A PAL IN ON THE JOY AND THE FUN OF ALL YOU DO. LET THE MAN BE THE ONE HE IS. OLD MAN, YOU OFT ACTAS AKID ACTS. PUT ABIT OF HAM AND EGG ON A BUN AND I'LL EAT IT NOW. PUT IT ON MY TAB. PUT THE BALL IN THE CAN, PUT THE CAN IN THE BOX AND PUT THE BOX IN THE BAG. RAW FAT IS BAD FOR YOU ~ DO NOT EAT IT. SAY YES TO FUN, SAY YES TO JOY. LET THE DAY BE A TOY. SHE HAD AWRY WAY AND A DRY WIT. SHE HAD ITALL, BUT IT ILL FIT HER. SHE WAS AS MAD AS A WET HEN SO IT WAS AND SO IT WILL BE. THE BOY IS THE DAD TO THE MAN THE CAT CAN MEW, THE PIG CAN WEE. THE CAT CAN NOT CAW, THE COW CAN NOT SING. THE EBB AND FLO OF TO AND FRO. THE OSTRICH CAN'T FLY, BUT HE GETS BY. THE FOX AND HER KIT ARE IN THE DEN THE HAT WAS ON THE BED AND HE SAT ON IT. THE PIG HAS HIS PEN, THE FOX HAS HER DEN. THE SUN IN THE SKY LIT UP THE DAY. TRY IT_IF IT IS NOT FOR YOU, BAG IT. TRY NOT -- DO IT OR DO NOT DOT. YOU CAN GET THE FLU OR THE FLU BUG CAN GET YOU Page 74MORE LONGER PHRASES AND SENTENCES VOW TO AID A PAL WHO HAS HAD A BAD DAY OR IS INABAD WAY WE ALL OWN THE SUN, THE SEA, THE AIR, THE SKY. WE ARE ALL IN FOR IT, SHE, HE, YOU AND |. WE ARE ALL KIN, BY WAY OF THE SEAAND SKY, WHO ARE YOU AND WHY ARE YOU THE WAY YOU ARE? WHO ARE YOU TO SAY I MAY NOT GO? WHO IS THE MAN | AM TO BE? WIN IF YOU CAN, BUT DO NOT CRY ORACT UP IF YOU DO NOT WIN. WHY DID | DO IT? HM, LET ME SEE. WHY DID YOU NOT DO THE JOB YET? YOU ARE OK, YOU ARE AN ACE --BET ON YOU. YOU CAN BE AS OLD AS SIN AND YET BE AN ASS. YOU CAN DO ALOT IF YOU TRY -- BUT YOU CAN NOT DO IT ALL. YOU CAN DO IT IF YOU AIM FOR THE SKY. YOU CAN NOT SEE INAFOG AT SEA. MOM AND DAD, ARE YOU SAD? OUR KIDS ARE NOWAT WAR ACOT HAS 4 LEGS, BUT IT CAN NOT RUN. APEAINAPOD CAN BE ODD, BUT IT IS NOT THE WAY TO BET. PUT ON AHAT, TIE YOUR TIE AND LEAVE. BE NICE OR LEAVE 1AM FED UP. I'M MAD, | AM. DO NOT HEM AND DO NOT HAW. EAT AND GET FAT. DO NOT EAT AND YOU DIE. YOU CAN NOT WIN. DOA DAY OF FUN. DO A DAY OF SUN. HE GOT ONE. SHE GOT ONE TOO. DID YOU GET ONE TOO? OR DID YOU GET TWO? NA, NAY, NO, NON — IT IS “NO’, DO NOT GO ON. ASAD PAIR ~ HE IS AN OAF -- AND SHE IS A SAP. Selected Easy-To-Read headlines / From NY Times - online 6/14/06 Tropical Storm Weakens Before Hitting Florida Unexpected Victory for New Baptist Leader Canada Conservative Gets Aggressive With Big Oil THE ROAD BACK HEAT 98, MAVERICKS 96 ‘Too Soon to Cheer in Baghdad Detainees in Despair The Mark of the Bust Page 75186 SENTENCES USING OUR EASY-TO-READ WORDS CONOGTRON= 10. 7 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20, 21 22. 23. 24, 25, 26. 27. 28, 29. 30. 3 32. 33. 34, 35. 36. 37. 38. 39, 40. 41 42. . Why are you that way; why did you do it the way you did it? Did you do it? No? Why not? You can not have it the way you want it all the time. . I did not see him or her when they last visited us. | will not call them. Do not flinch when the chips are on the line. . Feet, do not fail me now. . Can you tell me? Look into it and help me out if you can. . Was he the one who said the time was up? He did not say it that way, see it that way or do it that way. Do | have to do it now? . Can you come down in a day or two? If not, call. Did you have a long peek at it? Is it up to him to do it? . The artist's eye is his best tool. Will you do it now? There has to be a first step in a long trip. . It has been a long time from then to now. He had his, and that was all. He did it -- but | do not see how he did it. . Do it my way or do not do it at all. Did you get his number? He said she is on her way. Do not turn your back on your buddy. Be nice to your Mom and Dad -- do not vex them. . You can not hug a bug. you can not pat a rat -- but you can tie a fly. . The chunk “num” plus the chunk “ber” add up to “number”. 2 + 2 = 4 (NOTE: all numerical “sentences” are allowed in our Easy-To-Read system) Dogs and cats have tails: some tails are curly and some are not. Did you see the gleam in his eye when he went for it? | had no clue why she acted the way she did -- she was nasty. No, no -- a thousand times no. He put a ring on her finger. Do not flaunt your riches -- do not put them on display. Play with matches and you will get burnt. Live free or die. . Catch me if you can. . It is gone with the wind. Shoot for the moon or put your gun away. - You must have the fat with the lean. Do not give up the ship. Page 7643. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. SOME MORE OF THE 186 SENTENCES USING OUR EASY-TO-READ WORDS Easy come, easy go. If you are on the sea, sail; if on land, sit. Tell me who you hang with, and | will tell you who you will be. Who will bell the cat? Begin with a bang, end with a bust. If you do it, do it well The rain falls on the rich as well as the poor. Put up or shut up. Men brag to avoid fear. Boys will be boys. The moon is not seen when the sun is out. Keep thy shop and thy shop will keep thee. When the cat is away, the mice will play. If you do not feed the cats, you must fed the rats Do not play with a mad dog. 58. All's well that ends well. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. oe 72. 73. 74, 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. Clay on sand is fine land, but sand on clay does not pay. He that lies down with dogs will get up with fleas. If you can't lick ‘em, join ‘em. If you sell the cow, you sell the milk. The dog will have his day. Avoid hitting, but if you must hit, hit will all your strength and power. Sink or swim. She got in his eye and that was the end of the story. You must have dreams, but if you try to live on dreams, you wil not live well. Love me, love my dog If you call a dog a dog, he wil not get mad. The clever man will ask, the fool will not. East is East and West is West and never the two will meet It is easy to fall down. It is not so easy to fall up. He had so much luck, he fell up the hill. She that eats ‘til she is sick, must fast ‘til she is well You must plow with the oxen you have. Live and let live. Even the sun has spots What will be will be. That is the way it is, get over it or get lost. Men who fear to love are in love with fear. You can't plant figs and expect nuts. Fish or cut bait. Do not give your eggs to a fool to keep well. Page 77MORE OF THE 186 SENTENCES USING OUR EASY-TO-READ WORDS 84, 85. 86. 87, 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93, 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101 102 103. 104 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110 me 112. 113. 114, 115 116. 117. 118. 119, No pain, no gain. If two play, one must win and one must not. All is well that ends well. The best is yet to come. Put up or get out of the game Do not mess with the big dogs. Do not bug the big kids. Ifs ands and buts do not ad up to much. When your jest is at its best, let it rest. He who runs fast, wil not run long. Do not kiss and tell. Do not bray at an ass. He is no man who can’t say “no”. Time waits for no man A day of pain is as long as a week of ease. Soon paid is well paid. If you hang on, you will win Do it and disclaim it. If not you, who? If not now, when? Do not spit into the wind. Do not tell all you know or do all you can. If you can pull, pull. If you can’t pull, push. If you can’t pull or push, get out of the way. All you need is love. Self love is true love. If you play by the rules, you may not win, but you will feel OK. The biggest kids went to a summer camp. | once went to a summer camp next to a river. In the summer, when there were no classes, my Mom often went with us on trips to a beach which was at the mouth of the Hudson river. Give a man six cans of beer, a bucket of ice and he will be very happy on a lazy summer afternoon. There was a quaint picket fence at the garden perimeter. The blooms were aglow and the faint smell of cut grass put her in a dreamy mood. Summer is the season to enjoy your garden. Winter is the season for roasting chestnuts and sledding on a big hill. In fall, the leaves turn from green to tan, red and brown. Can you pick out the blue, green, gray, red, peach, silver, black, brown and tan crayons? Winter turns to Spring and the world puts on her best outfit | went to two different shops and this was the best price. Page 78EVEN MORE OF THE 186 SENTENCES USING OUR EASY-TO-READ WORDS 120. 121 ae 123. 124. 125. 126 127 128. 129, 130. 131 132. 133. 134 1365. 136. 137 138 139 140. 141 142 143. 144. 145. 146 147. 148 149. 150. 151 152. 153. 154 155. 156 A bunny is a small rabbit, new to the world -- eager to hop and run. A rabbit can be a nice pet in a small house. Do you have a master-plan for yourself or do you just go with the flo? Robert Burns went on the road less travell’d. You must be 100% satisfied -- if you are not, your cash is returned on the spot. He implied that senility runs in your family. | think it saunters. Jogging is not my thing -- I'd rather saunter. He found a copper penny in the still stream. The bubbling stream roiled along. | will have poached eggs with ham, sweet butter on a crispy roll, a cup of black coffee and a dish of fresh peaches with whipped cream on top -- that's it. She went to the spa for a mud-pacx. Do your best and you will get better. The past was present yesterday. He may have been chairman of the board, but | say he is a feckless fool. A different perspective, by itself, can often solve a problem. She sternly rejected him and all he said The stern is the back of the boat. When involved in a shouting match, remember, the loudest voice is not the smartest. Layer by layer, he peeled back her veneer of tranquility. Ariver of tranquility may lead to a sea of adversity. He went directly to the optometrist to get a pair of glasses When adversity rears its ugly inevitability, we will hit back. The chicken ran back and forth shouting “The sky is falling”. Put it in your backpack and leave quickly. | do not expect to see you with it again in this classroom. Online throngs reject a stern morality. Gardening Bogs Down a Law Firm ( headline from an online story by the NY Times) She kept her passive smile: it never left when she was hurt so badly. The moon is yours and mine -- anc so is the sun, the wind and the sea. It was figment of his not-so-active brain. He was a souse and a perfect louse. She was as plain as a gray day. Fear causes stress. He was given an order to go to the back of the room. Switch to a better system now. He bet on the wrong horse and lost all his cash. Cash out -- get all your winnings and run to the nearest exit. Jack-The-Ripper’s exploits sicken’d the country. Page 79STILL MORE OF THE 186 SENTENCES USING OUR EASY-TO-READ WORDS 157. His is a poor man, but he has an air of dignity. 158. Do not joust with a jerk 159. This, in short, is my analysis: the deal is not worth your time. 160. We all act subjectively: we cannot do it differently 161. Do not contradict me -- do as | say. 162. Will you stay or will you go? 163. Will you be around at crunch time? 164. The status was not clear when we went to press. 165. Shall we consider a voucher system? 166. Do not press your luck -- the dice may be loaded, 167. The sentry was on duty -- dawn to dusk. 168. | went on Tuesday and got back on Thursday, 169. His raw fervor was quickly quelled by a withering look from his boss. 170. Look at it from her perspective -- see it as she sees it, 171. Join me on a trip to the coast of Spain. 172. It is darkest just before dawn. 173. Love me tender, love me true. 174. More than that | cannot say. 175. What accounts for his angry mood? 176. It is a murky mess -- a catch 22. 177. Dutch and British troops have joined our efforts. 178. Jimmy Carter, our ex-president, is now working for a charity. 179. Akilowatt is one thousand watts, not a whit more or less. 180. He was at the point of no return. 181. It was a must-see event. 182. It made my blood boil to see him act in that foolish way. 183. He pinned his foe to the wall like a butterfly. 184. Clean up your mess. 185. Barbaro, the horse that was the winner in the Kentucky Derby, hurt his leg when he ran in the Preakness. It now appears that he will be OK and serve as a Stud for the rest of his days. 186. We sit between the devil and the deep blue sea. Page 80INDEX TO RHYME SETS 431 COMMON ONE-SYLLABLE, EASY-TO-READ RHYME SETS Jal* rhyme sets alb to a/z/d 82 to 84 /all, Jar!, lawl rhyme sets /all/ to aw/z/d 84 to 85 Jaal rhyme sets aa/ch to aa/z /d 85 to 86 Jel rhyme sets e/b to elt/s 86 to 88 leel rhyme sets lee/ to ee/z/d 88 lil rhyme sets i/b to i/z/d 90 to 92 lii/ rhyme sets lice/ to ine/z 93 Jol rhyme sets Io! to oft/ch/d 93 to 95 lool rhyme sets /oo/ to oo/t 95 Jor!, lowl, loy/ rhyme sets /or/ to oy/z 95 to 97 Jul rhyme sets Jul to u/z/d 97 to 100 Juul rhyme sets /uu/ to uu/z 100 to 101 * ~- See page 107 for speech-sound table Also see pages 23 to 28 for all the words that end in “ed” and are thus rhyme sets. Page 81431 COMMON ONE-SYLLABLE, EASY-TO-READ RHYME SETS KIDS LOVE RHYMES, RHYMING AND RHYTHM In many cases, a new rhyme set can be created by cdding an “s” to a given rhyme set. We did not show all “s-added” sets below because some of them did not add any new base words. For instance, ading an “s” to the a/b set immediately below, does not show any new base words, but adding an “s” to the a/k/ set gives 10 new words Also see pages 23 to 28 for all the words that end in “ed” and are thus rhyme sets. AIB A/BID AICH AICH/D AID AIFIT AIG AIGID JAIRI AIR/D AIK IAI RHYMES ab, blab, cab, crab, dab, drab, flab, gab, grab, jab, lab, nab, scab, slab, stab, tab blabbed, cabbed, crabbed, dabbed, gabbed, grabbed, jabbed, nabbed, scabbed, slabbed, stabbed, tabbed batch, catch, hatch, latch, match, patch, scratch, snatch thatch (also see a/tch) batched, hatched, latched, matched, patched, scratched, snatched, thatched (also see a/tch/d ad, ad, add, bad, brad, cad, chad, clad, dad, fad, gad, glad, grad, had, lad, mad, pad, rad, sad, shad, tad craft, daft, draft, haft, raft, shaft bag, brag, crag, drag, flag, frag, gag, hag, jag, lag, nag, rag, sag, shag, slag, snag, stag, swag, tag,wag, zag bagged, bragged, dragged, flagged, fragged, gagged, lagged, nagged, sagged, shagged, slagged, snagged, swagged, tagged, wagged, zagged air, fair, hair, lair, layer, pair, payer, player, prayer, slayer, stair aired, layered, paired, back, black, clack, crack, flack, hack, jack, lack, pack, quack, rack, sack, shack, slack, smack, snack, stack, tack, track, whack, wrack, yak A/KID & A/K/T act, backed, blacked, clacked, cracked, fact, AIKIS hacked, jacked, lacked, packed, pact, quacked, racked, sacked, shacked, slacked, smacked, snacked, stacked, tacked, tact, tracked, whacked, wracked, yacked, fact, pact, tact Add an “s” to most of the above, plus; ax, axe, fax, flax, lax, max, pax, sax, tax, wax Page 82AIL gal, pal AIM am, bam, cam, clam, cram, dam, dram, gam, gram, ham, jam, lam, pram, ram, Sam, scam, scram, sham, slam, spam, swam, tam, tram, wham, yam A/IM/D bammed, cammed, clammed, crammed, dammed, hammed, jammed, lammed, rammed, scammed, scrammed, shammed, slammed, spammed, whammed AIM/IP amp, camp, clamp, damp, lamp, ramp, scamp, stamp tamp, tramp, vamp AIN an, ban, bran, can, clan, fan, man, pan, plan, ran, san, scan, span, tan, than, van AINICH blanch, branch, ranch, stanch A/NICHID _ blanched, branched, ranched, stanched AINID and, band, banned, bland, brand, canned, fanned, gland, grand, hand, land, manned, panned, planned, sand, scanned, spanned, stand, strand, tanned, vanned, sand, stand AIN/T ant, cant, pant, plant, rant, scant AIP cap, chap, clap, crap, flap, gap, lap, map, nap, pap, rap sap, scrap, slap, snap, tap. trap, wrap, yap, zap AIPID & A/P/T apt, capped, chapped, clapped, crapped, flapped, gapped, lapped, mapped, napped, rapped, rapt, sapped, scrapped, slapped, snapped, tapped, trapped, wrapped, yapped, zapped AIS ass, bass, class, crass, gas, glass, grass, lass, mass, pass, sass AIS/ID gassed, glassed, grassed, massed, passed, sassed AISH _ ash, bash, brash, cash, clash, crash, dash, flash, gash hash, lash, mash, rash, sash, slash, smash, splash, stash, thrash AISHID ashed, bashed, cashed, clashed, crashed, dashed, lashed, gashed, hashed, lashed, mashed, slashed, smashed, splashed, stashed, thrashed AISIK _ ask, bask, cask, flask, mask, task AIS/KID asked, basked, masked AIS/P _ asp, clasp, gasp, grasp, hasp, rasp AISI/PID clasped, gasped, grasped, rasped AIS/T cast, blast, cast, fast, last, mast, past, vast Also see pages 23 to 28 for all the words that end in “ed” and are thus rhyme sets. Page 83AIT AITCH at, bat, batt, brat, cat, chat, drat, fat, flat, frat, gat, hat, mat, rat, sat, scat, slat, spat, stat, tat, that, vat batch, catch, hatch, latch, match, patch, scratch, snatch thatch -- also see a/ch AITCH/ID batched, hatched, latched, matched, patched, AITH AZ A/ziID JALLI ALL/D scratched, snatched, thatched (scratched is one of 7 one-syllable easy-to-read words which have nine letters.) bath, hath, lath, math, path, wrath as, has, jazz, razz jazzed, razzed /ALL/, JAR/ AND /AW/ RHYMES all, awl, ball, bawl, brawl, call, crawl, drawl, fall, gall, hall haul, mall, maul, pall, pawl, scrawl, shawl, sprawl, stall, spall, tall, trawl, wall, y'all balled, bawled, brawled, called, crawled, drawled, galled, halled, hauled, malled, mauled, pawled, scrawled, shawled, sprawled, stalled, spalled, trawled, walled, y’alled awls, balls, bawls, brawls, calls, crawls, drawls, falls, galls, halls, hauls, malls, mauls, pawls, scrawls, shawls, sprawls, stalls, spalls, trawls, walls are, bar, car, far, gar, jar, mar, par, parr, r, scar, spar, star, tar barb, carb barbed, carbed bard, barred, card, hard, jarred, lard, marred, parred, scarred, sparred, starred, tarred, yard arc, ark, bark, dark, hark, lark, park, quark, shark, spark, stark barked, harked, larked, parked, sharked, sparked, arm, charm, farm, harm armed, charmed, farmed, harmed barn, darn barned, darned carp, harp, sharp, tarp carped, harped, tarped art, cart, dart, hart, mart, part, start, tart carve, starve Page 84ARIVID carved, starved ARIZ __ bars, cars, gars, jars, mars, pars, scars, spars, stars, tars IAW/ awe, caw, haw, jaw, law, maw, paw, raw, saw, straw, taw, yaw AWID awed, baud, cawed, clawed fraud, hawed, jawed, laud, pawed, sawed, yawed AWIDI/Z bauds, frauds, lauds AWIK — auk, gawk, hawk AWIKID gawked, hawked AWI/N _ dawn, fawn, lawn, pawn, prawn, sawn, spawn, yawn AWINICH _ haunch, raunch, paunch, staunch AWINICHID haunched, raunched, paunched, staunched AWINID dawned, fawned, pawned, pawned, yawned AWINIS dawns, fawns, lawns, pawns, prawns, spawns, yawns AWIZ —awes, cause, caws, gauze, haws, jaws, laws, maws, paws, pause, saws, straws, taws, yaws AWIZI/D caused, paused IAAI RHYMES IAAI a, bay, bray, cay, clay, day, dray, flay, fray, gray, grey, hay, j, jay, k, lay, may, nay, pay, play, pray, quay, ray, say, shay, slay, spay, splay, spray, stay, stray, sway, they, tray, way AAICH OR AAITICH aitch, h AAID _ aid, braid, laid, maid, paid, raid, staid AAID/Z aids, maids, raids, AAIL bail, fail, grail, hail, jail, mail, nail, pail, rail, sail, ail, wail AAILID ailed, bailed, failed, hailed, jailed, mailed, nailed, railed, sailed, tailed, wailed AAILIZ_ bails, fails, hails, jails, mails, nails, pails, rails, sails, ails wails AAIM — aim, claim, maim AAIMID aimed, blaimed, claimed, maimed AAIMIZ aims, claims, maims AAIN _ brain, chain, drain, gain, grain, lain, main, pain, rain, slain, sprain, stain, strain, swain, Spain, train, twain, vain AAINID brained, chained, drained, gained, grained, pained, rained, slained, sprained, stained, strained, trained AAINIZ brains, chains, drains, gains, grains, mains, pains, rains sprains, stains, strains, swains, trains AAIS ace, base, chase Page 85AAIT _ bait, gait, plait, strait, trait, wait AAITIZ baits, gaits, plaits, straits, traits, waits AAIZ _ bays, braise, chaise, clays, days, flays, frays, gays, grays, jays, slays, maize, lays, nays, pays, plays, praise, prays, quays, raise, rays, slays, stays, strays, shays, slays, spays, sprays, ways AAI/ZID braised, praised, raised /E/ RHYMES Also see pages 23 to 28 for all the words that end in “ed” and are thus rhyme sets. E/B bleb, deb, ebb, web E/B/D blebbed, ebbed, webbed E/B/Z blebs, debs, ebbs, webs E/D bed, bled, bred, Ed, fed, fled, led, Ned, pled, read, red, said, shed, shred, sled, sped, Ted, wed, zed E/D/IZ _ beds, eds, reds, sheds, shreds, sleds, weds E/F clef, f, Jeff, ref E/F/T _ cleft, deft, heft, left, theft, weft ee hefts, lefts, thefts El beg, dreg, egg, keg, leg, Meg, peg, skeg, ye EG/D begged egoed, legge 7 pegged, : Dua E/G/Z begs, dregs, eggs, kegs, legs, Megs, pegs, skegs, yeggs E/K beck, check, deck, drek, heck, neck, peck, wreck, spec, speck, trek E/K/ID becked, checked, decked, necked, pecked, wrecked, trekked E/K/IS — checks, decks, ex, flex, hex, rex, necks, pecks, sects, sex, specks, treks, trex, vex, wrecks, x E/K/SI/D flexed, hexed, sexed, vexed, wrecked, xed E/KI/SI/T next, text E/L bell, cell, dell, el, ell, fell, hell, jell, knell, |, sell, shell, smell, spell, swell, tell, well, yell E/LICH belch, squelch E/LICH/D _ belched, squelched (squeiched is one of 7 one-syllable easy-to-read words which have 9 letters.) E/L/D _ belled, celled, felled, jelled, shelled, smelled, spelled, swelled, welled, weld, yelled E/LID/Z gelds, melds, welds E/LIF — elf, pelf, self, shelf Page 86E/L/IM — elm, helm, whelm E/L/M/Z elms, helms, whelms E/LIP _ help, kelp, whelp, yelp E/LIPID helped, kelped, whelped, yelped E/LIP/S helps, yelps E/LIT _ belt, celt, felt, melt, pelt, smelt, welt E/LITIZ belts, celts, felts, melts, pelts, smelts, welts E/LIZ bells, cells, dells, els, ells, jells, sells, shells, smells, spells, swells, tells, wells, yells E/M ‘em, fem, hem, m, stem, them E/M/D hemmed, stemmed E/M/P hemp, temp E/M/Z hems, stems E/N den, fen, glen, hen, ken, men, n, pen, ten, then, when, wren, yen, zen E/N/CH bench, clench, french, quench, stench, wench, wrench E/N/CHID _ benched, clenched, frenched, quenched, wenched, wrenched E/N/D pee end, fend, lend, mend, pend, rend, send, spend, end, trend, vend, wend E/N/D/Z bance, ends, fends, lends, mends, pends, rends, sends, spends, tends, tens, trends, vends, wends, wrens, yens E/NG/TH __ length, strength E/NG/TH/S lengths, strengths (‘strengths’ is one of 7 one-syllable easy-to-read words which have 9 letters.) "Strergths” is the only one of these long words which has one vowel) E/N/S dense, sense, tense E/N/T _ bent, dent, lent, pent, rent, sent, spent, stent, tent, vent went E/NIT/S dents, pents, rents, stents, tents, vents E/N/Z dens, fens, glens, hens, pens, tens, yens (ve also einidiz above Many would say that set and this set have the same sounds.) E/P pep, prep, rep, step, strep, yep E/P/D pepped, prepped, repped, stepped, yepped E/PIS _ peps, preps, reps, steps, yeps E/P/T _ kept, lept, slept, wept E/S bless, chess, dress, less, mess, press, s, stress, tress, yes E/S/D blessed, dressed, messed, pressed, stressed, tressed, Also see pages 23 to 28 for all the words that end in “ed” and are thus rhyme sets. Page 87yessed E/SIT _ best, blest, chest, crest, fest, jest, lest, nest, pest, quest, rest, test, vest, west, wrest, zest E/S/TIS chests, crests, fests, jests, nests, pests, quests, rests, tests, vests, wrests, E/T bet, fret, get, het, jet, let, met, net, pet, set, stet, vet, wet, whet, yet E/TICH etch, fetch, ketch, retch, sketch, stretch, wretch E/TICH/ID _ etched, fetched, retched, sketched, stretched (stretched is one of 7 one-syllable easy-to-read words which have 9 letters.) E/TIS _ bets, frets, gets, jets, lets, mets, nets, pets, sets, stets, vets, wets, whets IEE! RHYMES the - stands for any letter in all heads) EE b, be, bee, c, d, e, fee, g, he, lee, me, knee, p, pea, sea, see, she, t, tea, the, thee, tee, vee, we, wee, whee, z EE/B_ dweeb EE/CH beach, beech, bleach, breach, breech, leech, screech, teach EE/CH/D beached, bleached, breached, leeched, screeched (screeched is one of 7 one-syllable easy-to-read words which have 9 letters. (“squir- reled’, a 10-letter word is the longest single syllable word in the English language) EE/D bead, bleed, breed, creed, deed, feed, freed, greed, he'd, heed, lead, mead, need, plead, read, reed, seed, she'd, teed, treed, tweed, we’d, weed EE/D/Z beads, bleeds, breeds, creeds, deeds, feeds, freed, heeds, leads, meads, needs, pleads, reads, reeds, seeds, tweeds, weeds EE/F beef, leaf, reef EE/F/D beefed, leafed, reefed EE/K _ beak, bleak, creek, freak, geek, Greek, leak, leek, meek, peak, peek, reek, seek, sleek, squeak, streak, teak, weak, week EE/K/D beaked, freaked, Greeked, leaked, peaked, peeked, reeked, squeaked, streaked, EE/K/S_ beaks, creeks, freaks, geeks, Greeks, leaks, leeks, peaks, peeks, reeks, seeks, squeaks, streaks, weeks EE/L creel, deal, eel, feel, heal, heel, keel, kneel, meal, peel, real, reel, seal EE/L/D healed, keeled, kneeled, peeled, reeled, sealed Page 88EE/L/Z EE/M EE/M/D EE/M/Z EE/N EE/N/D EE/N/Z EE/P EE/P/D EE/P/S EE/R EE/R/D EE/RIZ EE/S creels, deals, eels, feels, heals, heels, keels, kneels, meals, peels, reels, seals beam, cream, deem, dream, ream, scream, seam, seem steam, stream, team, teem, ream beamed, creamed, deemed, dreamed, reamed, screamed, seemed, steamed, streamed, teamed, teemed, beams, creams, deems, dreams, reams, screams, seams, seems, steams, streams, teams, teems, bean, been, clean, dean, glean, Jean, keen, lean, mean, peen, queen, screen, seen, sheen, spleen, teen, wean beaned, cleaned, gleaned, leaned, peened, screened, weaned beans, cleans, deans, gleans, Jeans, means, peens, queens, screens, spleens, teens, weans beep, bleep, cheap, creep, heap, jeep, keep, leap, neap peep, reap, seep, sheep, sleep, steep, weep beeped, bleeped, creeped, heaped, jeeped, leaped, peeped, reaped, seeped, steeped, weeped beeps, bleeps, creeps, heaps, jeeps, keeps, leaps, peeps, reaps, seeps, sleeps, weeps beer, cheer, clear, dear, deer, ear, fear, gear, hear, jeer, leer, near, peer, rear, sear, seer, shear, sheer, steer, tear, veer, year cheered, cleared, feared, geared, jeered, leered, neared, peered, reared, seared, sheared, speared, steered, teared, veered beers, cheers, clears, dears, ears, fears, gears, hears, jeers, leers, nears, peers, rears, sears, seers, shears, steers, tears, veers, years crease, geese, grease, lease EE/S/D & EE/S/T beast, creased, feast, greased, leased, least. EE/T EE/T/S EE/V EE/VID yeast beat, beet, bleat, cheat, cleat, feat, feet, fete, heat, meat meet, neat, peat, seat, sheet, sleet, street, teat, treat, wheat beats, beets, bleats, cheats, cleats, feats, fetes, heats, meats, meets, seats, sheets, sleets, streets, teats, treats, wheats cleave, eave, heave, leave, peeve, sheave, sleeve, weave cleaved, heaved, leaved, peeved, sheaved, sleeved, Page 89EE/VIZ EE/Z EE/Z/D VB VB/D VBIZ VD DIZ VF VFID VFIS VEIT VFITIS VG VGID UGIZ WK VKID VKIS VL VLD VLIK VLIK/D VLIKIS VLIZ weaved cleaves, eaves, heaves, leaves, peeves, sheaves, sleeves, weaves bees, cheese, fees, jeez, knees, peas, please, seas, sees, sleaze, tease, tees, trees, wheeze cheesed, greased, pleased, sleazed, teased, wheezed Il] RAYMES bib, crib, dib, fib, gib, glib, jib, lib, nib,rib bibbed, cribbed, dibbed, fibbed, gibbed, nibbed, ribbed bibs, cribs, dibs, fibs, gibs, jibs, nibs, ribs bid, did, grid, hid, id, kid, lid, mid-, rid, skid, slid, squid bids, grids, ids, kids, lids, rids, skids, squids biff, cliff, miff, riff, stiff, tiff, whiff biffed, miffed, riffed, stiffed, whiffed biffs, cliffs, miffs, riffs, stiffs, tiffs, whiffs drift, gift, grift, lift, rift, shift, shrift, sift, swift, thrift drifts, gifts, grifts, lifts, rifts, shifts, sifts, swifts, thrifts big, brig, dig, fig, gig, jig, pig, prig, rig, swig, trig, twig, wig Zi gigged, jigged, pigged, rigged, swigged, zigged brigs, digs, figs, gigs, jigs, pigs, prigs, rigs, swigs, trigs, twigs, wigs, zigs brick, chick, click, flick, hick, kick, lick, nick, pick, prick, quick, sick, slick, stick, thick, tic, tick, trick, wick bricked, clicked, fixed, flicked, kicked, licked, nicked, picked, slicked, ticked, tricked, wicked bricks, chicks, clicks, fix, flicks, licks, hicks, kicks, licks, mix, nicks, picks, pricks, six, tix, pix, slicks, sticks, tics, ticks, tricks, wicks bill, chill, dill, fill, gill, hill, ill, Jill, kill, Lil, mill, nil, pill, quill, rill, shill, shrill, sill, skill, spill, still, swill, thrill, ‘til, till, trill, twill, will billed, chilled, dilled, filled, killed, milled, pilled, rilled, shilled, silled, skilled, spilled, stilled, swilled, thrilled, tilled, trilled, twilled, willed bilk, ilk, milk, silk bilked, milked bilks, milks, silks bills, chills, fills, gills, hills, ills, kills, mills, pills, quills, Page 90VLIT ULITIS vM VM/D VMIZ MIP VM/P/D UMIPIS VN NICH tills, shills, shrills, sills, skills, spills, stills, swills, thrills, tills, trills, twills, wills gilt, hilt, jilt, kilt, lilt, milt, quilt, silt, spilt, stilt, tilt, wilt hilts, jilts, kilts, lilts, quilts, stilts, tilts, wilts brim, dim, grim, him, prim, rim, scrim, shim, skim, slim swim, trim, vim, whim brimmed, dimmed, rimmed, shimmed, skimmed, slimmed, trimmed brims, dims, rims, scrims, shims, skims, slims, swims, trims, whims blimp, chimp, crimp, gimp, imp, limp, pimp, primp,scrimp, shrimp, simp, wimp blimped, crimped, limped, pimped, primped,scrimped, wimped blimps, chimps, crimps, imps, limps, pimps, primps, scrimps, shrimps, simps, wimps bin, chin, din, fin, grin, in, inn, kin, pin, shin, sin, skin, spin thin, tin, twin, win, yin clinch, finch, flinch, inch, lynch, pinch VN/CH/D clinched, finched, flinched, inched, lynched, pinched UN/D AING/ ING/D ING/Z JINKI INK/D INK/S UNIZ UNIT UNITIS binned, chinned, dinned, finned, grinned, pinned, sinned, skinned, thinned, tinned, twinned bing, bling, bring, cling, ding, fling, king, ling, Ming, ping, ting, sing, sling, sting, string, thing, wing, wring, zing dinged, kinged, pinged, ringed, winged, zinged bings, blings, brings, clings, dings, flings, kings, lings, pings, rings, sings, slings, stings, strings, things, wings, wrings, zings blink, brink, clink, dink, drink, fink, ink, kink, link, mink, pink, plink, rink, shrink, sink, slink, stink, think, wink, zinc blinked, brinked, clinked, dinked, finked, inked, kinked, linked, pinked, plinked, slinked, winked blinks, brinks, clinks, dinks, drinks, finks, inks, kinks, links, minks, pinks, plinks, rinks, shrinks, sinks, slinks, stinks, thinks, winks bins, chins, dins, fins, grins, ins, inns, pins, shins, sins, skins, spins, thins, tins, twins, wins dint, flint, glint, hint, lint, mint, print, quint, splint, sprint, squint, stint, tint blintz, chintz, flints, hints, mints, prints, quints, rinse, Page 91VP V/PID PIS us VS/D VSH VSH/D VSIK VS/K/D USIKIS VS/P V/S/P/D VS/PIS VSIT USITIS vT VTICH VTICHID UTH TIS IN WZ V/Z/D squints, stints, stints chip, clip, dip, drip, flip, grip, hip, kip, lip, nip, pip, quip, rip ship, sip, skip, slip, snip, strip, tip, trip, whip, yip, zip chipped, clipped, dipped, dripped, flipped, gripped, hipped, kipped, lipped, nipped, quipped, ripped, shipped, sipped, skipped, slipped, snipped, stripped, tipped, tripped, whipped, yipped, zipped chips, clips, dips, drips, flips, grips, hips, kips, lips, nips, pips, quips, rips, ships, sips, skips, slips, snips, strips, tips, trips, whips, yips, zips diss, hiss, kiss, miss, sis, this dissed, hissed, kissed, missed dish, fish, splish, swish, wish dished, fished, splished, swished, wished disc, disk, frisk, risk, whisk frisked, risked, whisked discs, disks, frisks, risks, whisks lisp, wisp lisped, wisped lisps, wisps cyst, fist, list, mist, tryst, twist, whist, wrist cysts, fists, lists, mists, trysts, twists, wrists bit, brit, chit, fit, flit, frit, grit, hit, it, kit, knit, lit, mitt, nit, pit, quit, sit, skit, slit, snit, spit, split, tit, twit, whit, wit, writ, zit bitch, ditch, fitch, flitch, glitch, hitch, itch, niche, pitch,rich, snitch, stitch, switch, twitch, witch bitched, ditched, fitched, flitched, glitched, hitched, itched, pitched, scritched, snitched, stitched, switched, twitched, witched (scritched is one of 7 one-syllable easy-to-read words which have 9 letters.) kith, myth, pith, with bits, brits, chits, fits, flits, frits, grits, hits, its, kits, knits, mitts, nits, pits, quits, sits, skits, slits, snits, spits, splits, tits, twits, whits, wits, writs, zits give, live, shiv biz, fizz, frizz, his, is, quiz, ‘tis, wiz, whiz fizzed, frizzed, quizzed, whizzed Also see pages 23 to 28 for all the words that end in “ed” and are thus rhyme sets. Page 92J] RHYMES NCE/ dice, lice, mice, nice, spice, splice, price, rice, thrice, twice vice ICE/D diced, spiced, spliced, priced, riced AW by, cry, die, dry, eye, fie, fly, fry, hie, |, lie, my, pie, ply pry, shy, sky, sly, spy, sty, thy, tie, try, vie, why, wry, y WD cried, died, dried, fried, hied, I'd, lied, pied, shied, spied, tied, tried, vied WZ cries, dies, dries, fries, hies, lies, pies, shies, spies, ties, tries, vies /INE/ brine, chine, dine, fine, line, mine, nine, pine, shine, shrine, sine, spine, spline, swine, thine, tine, twine, vine, whine, wine INE/D dined, lined, mined, pined, shined, splined, whined, wined INE/Z dines, lines, mines, nines, pines, shines, shrines, spines, splines, tines, twines, whines, vines, wines Also see pages 23 to 28 for all the words that end in “ed” and are thus rhyme sets. /O0/ RHYMES /OI a, ah, bah, bra, fa, ha, hah, la, ma, pa, qua, rah, ska, spa o/B blob, bob, cob, fob, glob, gob, hob, job, knob, lob, mob, rob, slob, snob, sob, throb, yob O/BID blobbed, bobbed, fobbed, globbed, gobbed, hobbed, jobbed, knobbed, lobbed, mobbed, robbed, sobbed, throbbed O/B/Z__ blobs, bobs, cobs, fobs, globs, gobs, hobs, jobs, knobs, lobs, mobs, robs, slobs, snobs, sobs, throbs, yobs o/D bod, clod, cod, god, hod, mod, nod, odd, plod, pod, prod, rod, shod, sod, O/D/Z bods, clods, gods, hods, nods, odds, plods, pods, prods, rods, shod O/F doff, off O/FID doffed, offed O/FIT loft, oft, soft OIG bog, clog, cog, dog, flog, fog, frog, grog, hog, jog, log, nog, slog, tog O/GID bogged, clogged, cogged, dogged, flogged, fogged, hogged, jogged, logged, slogged, togged O/GIZ__ bogs, clogs, cogs, dogs, flogs, fogs, frogs, grogs, hogs, Page 93jogs, logs, nogs, slogs, togs O/K bloc, block, chock, clock, crock, cock, doc, dock, flock, frock, grok, hock, jock, knock, lock, mock, pock, rock, shock, sock, stock, tock, wok O/K/ID blocked, chocked, clocked, crocked, cocked, docked, flocked, hocked, jocked, knocked, locked, mocked, pocked, rocked, shocked, socked, stocked O/KIS _ blocks, box, chocks, clocks, cocks, crocks, docs, docks, flocks, fox, frocks, hocks, jocks, knocks, locks, lox, mocks, ox, pox, rocks, shocks, stocks, socks, sox, tocks, vox, woks O/L doll, loll, moll O/LID dolled, lolled O/LIZ dolls, lolls, molls O/M glom, mom, prom, rom, Tom O/M/P _ clomp, comp, pomp, romp, stomp O/MI/P/Dclomped, comped, pomped, romped, stomped O/MIPIS clomps, comps, pomps, romps, stomps O/M/Z_ gloms, moms, proms, roms, Tom’s. Toms O/N bon, con, don, gone, on, yon O/N/D _ bond, conned, fond, pon O/NG _ bong, dong, gong, long, pong, song, strong, throng, tong, wrong O/NGI/D bonged, gonged, longed, thronged, wronged O/NG/Z bongs, dongs, gongs, longs, songs, strong, throngs, tongs, wrongs Note on the “ong” words: Many people pronounce some of the ending two speech sounds as an “o/ng” and many people pronounce them as “aw/ng” O/NG/K/ bonk, conk, honk, plonk, wonk O/NG/KID _ bonked, conked, honked, plonked O/NGI/KIS _ bonks, conks, honks, plonks, wonks o/P bop, chop, clop, cop, crop, dop, drop, flop, fop, glop, hop, lop, mop, op, plop, pop, prop, shop, slop, sop, stop, strop, toy p O/PID bopped, chopped, clopped, copped, cropped, dopped, dropped, flopped, glopped, hopped, lopped, mopped, opt, plopped, popped, propped, shopped, slopped, sopped, stopped, stropped, topped O/P/S _ bops, chops, clops, cops, crops, dops, drops, flops, fops, glops, hops, lops, mops, ops, plops, pops, props, shops, Page 94slops, sops, stops, strops, tops o/s boss’, floss*, gloss*, loss*, moss*, toss* O/S/D__bossed’*, flossed*, glossed*, tossed* O/SH _ bosh, gosh, mosh, nosh, posh O/SHI/D boshed, moshed, noshed OIS/T cost", frost*, lost* OISITIS costs*, frosts* Note on the “ost words: Many people pronounce some of the ending three speech sounds as an ‘o/sit" and many people pronounce them as “aw/sf" O/T blot, bot, clot, cot, dot, got, hot, jot, knot, lot, not, pot, plot, rot, scot, shot, slot, snot, spot, sot, tot, trot O/TICH blotch, botch, crotch, notch, scotch O/TICHID _ blotched, botched, notched, scotched /0O/ RHYMES /Ool do ™sicalnote doe, floe, foe, go, ho, hoe, lo, no, 0, Po, roe, so, toe, woe, yo, Zoe OO/D goad, hoed, load, road, toad, toed OO/F _ oaf, loaf OO/FID oafed, loafed OOI/F/S oafs, loafs OO/K _ cloak, croak, oak, soak OOI/KID cloaked, croaked, soaked OOIKIS cloaks, coax, croaks, hoax, oaks, soaks OO/L _ coal, foal, goal, shoal OOI/LIS coals, foals, goals, shoals OO/M _ foam, loam, poem, roam OO/MID foamed, roamed OO/MIZ foams, loams, poems, roams OOIN _ loan, moan, roan OOINID loaned, moaned OOINI/Z loans, moans, roans OO/S does, floes, foes, goes, hoes, toes, woes OO/T boat, coat, float, gloat, goat, moat, oat JORI, OWI, OY/ RHYMES JOR/ boar, bore, core chore, core, for, fore, gore, lore, more, Nor, oar, or, ore, pore, roar, soar, score, shore, snore, sore, spore, store, swore, tore, wore, yore, YOUF (NOTE: pronunciation for “oar” is usually (long “o” + /ar), which is not precisely the same as /or/ -- but it is very close, so we are calling it a rhyme) Page 95ORID _ board, bored, cord, cored, ford, Ford, gored, horde, lord, pored, roared, soared (see note for ‘oar’ immediately above) Scored, shored, snored, stored ORIDI/Z cords, fords, Fords, hordes, lords ORIK _ cork, fork, pork, stork ORIKIS corks, forks, storks OR/M_— dorm, form, norm, storm OR/MIZ dorms, forms, norms, storms ORIN _ born, corn, horn, morn, porn, scorn, shorn, sworn, thorn, torn ORINI/D corned, horned, scorned OR/N/Z horns, morns, scorns, thorns OR/S _ coarse, horse OR/S/D coarsed, horsed ORIT _ fort, port, sort, tort ORITIZ forts, ports, sorts, torts ORIZ boars, bores, chores, cores, gores, oars, ores, pores, roars, soars, scores, shores, snores, sores, spores, stores (see note for “oar” above) /OW! bow, brow, chow, cow, dow, how, now, ow, plow, pow, prow, row, scow, sow, thou, vow, wow OWID _ bowed, cloud, cowed, crowd, loud, proud, vowed, wowed OWIL bowel, cowl, foul, fowl, howl, jowl, owl, towel (NoTE: The ‘wel” in these words is not always said as though the “e’ is silent, but we are treating it that way. If that does not sit well with you, remove those words.) OWILID fouled, howled, toweled OWILIZ bowels, cowls, fouls, howls, jowls, owls, towels OWIN _ brown, clown, down, drown, frown, gown, noun, town OWINID browned, clowned, downed, drowned, frowned, OWINIZ browns, clowns, downs, drowns, frowns, gowns, nouns, towns OW/S _ blouse, douse, house, louse, mouse OW/SID bloused, browsed, doused, loused, roused OWIT bout, gout, lout, out, pout, rout, shout, spout, stout, tout trout OWITIS bouts, louts, outs, pouts, routs, shouts, spouts, touts OWIZ bows, brows, chows, cows, dowse, house, plows, prows, rouse, rows, SCOWS, SOWS, Vows, WOWS OW/Z/D browsed, dowsed, housed, roused JOY! boy, coy, hoy, joy, koi, poi, soy, toy Page 96Also see pages 23 to 28 for all the words that end in “ed” and are thus rhyme sets. OYI/L _ boil, broil, coil, foil, oil, roil, soil, toil OYILID boiled, broiled, coiled, foiled, oiled, roiled, soiled, toiled OYILIZ boils, broils, coils, foils, oils, roils, soils, toils OY/N _ coin, groin, join, loin OYINID coined, joined OYINIZ coins, groins, joins, loins OYINITIS joints, points OY/Z boys, noise, poise, toys /U/ RHYMES /UI a, huh, the, uh U/B bub, chub, club, cub, drub, dub, flub, grub, hub, nub, pub, rub, shrub, snub, stub, sub,tub U/B/D clubbed, cubbed, drubbed, dubbed, flubbed, grubbed, Oat rubbed, shrubbed, snubbed, stubbed, subbed, tubbe U/B/Z bubs, chubs, clubs, cubs, drubs, dubs, flubs, grubs, hubs, nubs, pubs, rubs, shrubs, snubs, stubs, subs,tubs U/D bud, crud, cud, dud, mud, scud, spud, stud, thud U/D/Z buds, cruds, duds, muds, scuds, spuds, studs, thuds U/F buff, cuff, duff, fluff, gruff, guff, huff, luff, muff, puff, ruff, scruff, scuff, stuff U/FID _ buffed, cuffed, duffed, fluffed, gruffed, guffed, huffed, luffed, muffed, puffed, ruffed, scruffed, scuffed, stuffed U/F/S _ buffs, cuffs, duffs, fluffs, huffs, luffs, muffs, puffs, ruffs, scuffs, stuffs UIG bug, chug, drug, dug, glug, hug, jug, lug, mug, plug, pug, rug, shrug, slug, smug, snug, thug, tug U/G/D bugged, chugged, drugged, glugged, hugged, lugged, mugged, plugged, pugged, shrugged, slugged, tugged U/G/Z bugs, chugs, drugs, glugs, hugs, jugs, lugs, mugs, plugs, pugs, rugs, shrugs, slugs, thugs, tugs U/IK buck, chuck, cluck, duck, huck, luck, muck, pluck, puck, shuck, struck, stuck, suck, truck, tuck, yuck, yuk U/K/D bucked, chucked, clucked, ducked, hucked, lucked, mucked, plucked, shucked, sucked, trucked, tucked, yucked U/KIS — bucks, chucks, clucks, crux, ducks, flux, hucks, mucks Page 97pucks, shucks, sucks, trucks, tucks, tux, yuks, lux U/L cull, dull, gull, hull, lull, mull, null, skull U/LID culled, dulled, gulled, hulled, lulled, mulled, skulled U/L/K _ bulk, hulk, sulk, skulk U/LIKID bulked, hulked, sulked, skulked U/LIKIS bulks, hulks, sulks, skulks U/LIP — gulp, pulp U/LIP/D gulped, pulped U/LIP/S gulps, pulps U/LIZ culls, dulls, gulls, hulls, lulls, mulls, skulls U/M bum, chum, drum, glum, gum, hum, mum, plum, rum scrum, scum, slum, sum, swum, um, yum U/M/D bummed, chummed, drummed, gummed, hummed, mummed, plummed, scrummed, scummed, slummed, summed, U/M/P_ bump, clump, dump, grump, hump, jump, lump, mump plump, pump, rump, stump, sump, thump, trump, ump U/MIP/D bumped, clumped, dumped, grumped, humped, jumped, tne mumped, plumped, pumped, rumped, stumped, thumped, trumped U/MIP/S bumps, clumps, dumps, grumps, humps, jumps, lumps, mumps, pumps, rumps, stumps, sumps, thumps, trumps, umps U/M/Z bums, chums, drums, gums, hums, mums, plums, rums scrums, scums, slums, sums, ums U/N bun, dun, fun, gun, nun, pun, run, shun, spun, stun, sun U/NICH brunch, bunch, crunch, hunch, lunch, munch, punch U/NICHID _ brunched, bunched, crunched, hunched, lunched, munched, punched, scrunched (scrunched is one of 7 one-syllable easy-to-read words which have 9 letters.) U/N/D — dunned, fund, gunned, punned, shunned, stunned, sunned U/NG _ bung, clung, dung, hung, lung, rung, slung, stung, sung swung, tung, wrung U/NG/Z bungs, lungs, rungs U/N/K — bunk, chunk, clunk, drunk, dunk, funk, gunk, hunk, junk, lunk, punk, shrunk, skunk, stunk, trunk U/N/KID bunked, chunked, clunked, dunked, gunked, junked, punked, skunked U/NIKIS bunks, chunks, clunks, drunks, dunks, hunks, junks, lunks, punks, skunks, trunks Page 98Also see pages 23 to 28 for all the words that end in “ed” and are thus rhyme sets. U/N/T _ bunt, hunt, punt, runt, shunt, stunt U/N/T/S bunts, hunts, punts, runts, shunts, stunts U/N/Z buns, duns, guns, nuns, puns, runs, shuns, spun, stuns, suns, u/P cup, pup, sup, up, yup U/P/D cupped, supped, upped U/P/S cups, pups, sups, ups, yups JURI blur, burr, cur, fir, fur, her, per, purr, sir, slur, spur, stir, were, whir URI/B _ burb, curb, herb, verb UR/B/Z burbs, curbs, herbs, verbs URICH birch, church, lurch, perch UR/CH/D churched, lurched, perched URID __ bird, blurred, burred, curd, furred, gird, herd, nerd, purred, sirred, slurred, spurred, stirred, third, whirred URID/Z birds, curds, girds, herds, nerds, thirds URIF _ serf, surf, turf URIF/D surfed, turfed URIF/S serfs, surfs URIG _ berg, burg, erg UR/GI/Z bergs, burgs, ergs UR/K clerk, dirk, irk, jerk, lurk, murk, perk, quirk, shirk, smirk, Turk URI/KID clerked, dirked, irked, jerked, lurked, murked, perked, shirked, smirked URIK/S clerks, dirks, irks, jerks, lurks, murks, perks, quirks, shirks, smirks, Turks UR/L burl, curl, furl, hurl, knurl, purl, squirrel UR/L/D burled, curled, furled, hurled, knurled, purled, squirreled (‘squirreled’, a 10-letter word is the longest single syllable word in the English language) UR/L/Z_burls, curls, furls, hurls, knurls, purls, squirrels UR/M _ berm, firm, sperm, term UR/M/D bermed, firmed, termed UR/MI/Z berms, firms, terms UR/N _ burn, churn, fern, kern, spurn, stern, tern, turn, urn UR/N/D burned, churned, ferned, kerned, spurned, turned UR/N/Z burns, churns, ferns, kerns, spurns, sterns, terns, turns, urns Page 99URIP _ burp, chirp, perp, slurp URIPID burped, chirped, slurped URIP/S burps, chirps, perps, slurps UR/S __ curse, nurse, purse, terse, verse UR/S/D & UR/S/T burst, cursed, first, nursed, pursed, thirst, wurst URIS/T/IS _ bursts, firsts, thirsts URIT __ blurt, curt, dirt, flirt, hurt, pert, shirt, skirt, spurt, squirt, yurt URIT/S blurts, dirts, flirts, hurts, shirts, skirts, spurts, squirts, yurts UR/Z _ blurs, burrs, curs, firs, furs, hers, purrs, sirs, slurs, spurs, stirs, whirs Uu/S bus, buss, cuss, fuss, Gus, muss, plus, pus, thus, us U/S/ID _ bussed, cussed, fussed, mussed U/SH brush, crush, gush, hush, lush, mush, rush, shush, thrush U/SHI/D brushed, crushed, gushed, hushed, mushed, rushed, shushed U/S/K — dusk, husk, musk, tusk U/S/KID husked, tusked U/S/K/S husks, tusks U/S/T _ bust, dust, gust, just, lust, must, rust, thrust, trust U/S/T/S busts, dusts, gusts, lusts, rusts, thrusts, trusts U/T but, butt, cut, glut, gut, hut, jut, mutt, nut, putt, rut, scut shut, smut, strut, tut, what* U/TICH OR U/CH clutch, crutch, dutch, hutch, much, such U/TICHID clutched, dutched U/TIS _ buts, butts, cuts, guts, huts, juts, mutts, nuts, putts, ruts, shuts, truts, tuts UUH/K book, brook, cook, crook, hook, look, nook, rook, schnook, shook, snook, took UUH/K/D booked, brooked, cooked, hooked, looked, rooked, UUH/K/S books, brooks, cooks, crooks, hooks, looks, nooks, rooks U/Z buzz, does, fuzz, was sight wore, U/Z/ID buzzed, fuzzed, /UU/ RHYMES /UU/ blue, boo, clue, coo, do*, due, flue, glue, goo, moo, ooh, Pooh, q, rue, shoo, sprue, sue, to*, too, true, two*, u, woo, you*, Zoo UU/D _ blued, booed, brood, clued, cooed, food, glued, mood, oohed, rued, shooed, sprued, sued, trued, who'd, Page 100Also see pages 23 to 28 for all the words that end in “ed” and are thus rhyme sets. UU/DIZ UU/F UU/F/D UU/F/S UU/L UU/L/D UU/LIZ UU/M wooed, you’d broods, foods, moods goof, hoof, proof, roof, woof goofed, hoofed, proofed, roofed goofs, proofs, roofs cool, fool, pool, stool, tool cooled, fooled, pooled, stooled, tooled cools, fools, pools, stools, tools boom, bloom, doom, groom, loom, room, voom , zoom UU/M/D boomed, bloomed, doomed, groomed, loomed, roomed, UU/M/Z UU/N UU/N/D UU/NIZ UU/P UU/P/D UUIP/S UU/R UU/R/D UU/RIZ UU/S UU/T UUITIS Uu/Z voomed, zoomed booms, blooms, grooms, looms, rooms, vooms , zooms boon, coon, croon, goon, loon, moon, noon, soon, toon, spoon, swoon cooned, crooned, mooned, spooned, swooned boons, coons, croons, goons, loons, moons, toons, spoons, swoons coop, droop, goop, hoop, loop, poop, stoop, whoop cooped, drooped, gooped, hooped, looped, pooped, stooped, whooped coops, droops, goops, hoops, loops, poops, stoops, whoops boor, moor, poor boored, moored boors, moors goose, loose, moose, noose boot, coot, hoot, loot, moot, root, shoot, toot, zoot boots, coots, hoots, loots, roots, shoots, toots blues, boos, clues, coos, dues, flues, glues, lose s9"*w°r, moos, oohs, 00ze, rues, shoos, sues, WoOs, ZOOS Page 101pg. 103 104 105 106 107 108 (a) 108 (b) 109 110 ae 113 114 TO 149 150 INDEX TO APPENDIX 120 MOST COMMON PRINTED WORDS 106 WORDS MOST WRITTEN BY CHILDREN USING THE ALPHABETIC PRINCIPLE TO TEACH LITTLE LOU COSTELLO HOW TO READ READING THE “LONG” VOWELS, SPEECH-SOUND-TO-GUIDE-WORD TABLE FOR THE EASY-TO-READ WORDS SPEECH-SOUNDS ARE ESSENTIALLY SELF-TAUGHT AND SELF CORRECTING THE LETTER SONG TEACHING THE SOUNDS OF WORDS SUGGESTIONS FOR USING THE EASY-TO-READ WORDS FOR CLASSROOM LESSON PLANS THE NEXT STEP: 55 long-vowel, magic “e’, single-syllable rhyme sets INDEX TO ALL THE EASY-TO-READ WORDS, THE EASY-TO-READ WORDS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO THE BOOK Page 102The 120 most common printed words in the English language. Acompilation of two authoritative sources: (1) Fry's 100 most common printed words in the English language’ & (2) Brown Corpus’ 100 most common printed words in the English language” These words are reported to represent about 50% of all printed material See the next page for the most common words written by children. The numbers in front of the words represent the ranking of the words in the Brown Corpus. The words in day 78. lke part 9. was bold are not on| 88. did long people water the children’s 72. do look 98. way list -- next 100 down 85. made 53. said 41. we page. make see 99. well each 81. man 37. She 34. were 5 oa 83. even 89. many 52. so 54. what 57. about find 70. may 65. some 45. when 86 after 73. first 82. me 77. such 95. where 36. all 11. for 48. more 31. which 87. also 26. from 84. most 59. than 46. who 29. an 96. much 7. that 47. will 3. and get 91. must 1. the” 13. with 74. any go 75. my 40. their word 24. are 60. them 39. would 14. as 22. had 64. new 71, then write 18. at 44. has 49. no 38. there 28. have 23. not 68. these 94. years 93. back 10. he 76. now 30. they 33. you 17. be 35. her number | 21. this 97. your 43. been 42. him 92. through 90. before 15. his 2 of 66. time 25. but how oil 4. to 19. by 46. on 69. two 20. | 32. one call 50. If 62. only 55. up 61. can 6. in 27. or use come 58. into 63. other 67. could 8. is 79. our lao tt 51. out 56. its 80. over SOURCES: 4) The Reading Teachers Book of Lists, Third Edition": by Edward Bernard Fry, Ph.D, Jacqueline E Kress, Ed.D & Dona Lee Fountoukidis, Ed.D. <> 2) The Brown Corpus of Standard American English (1961). This was the first of the computer readable, general lists of English words. It was compiled by WN. Francis and H. Kucera, Brown University, Providence, RI Page 103106 WORDS MOST WRITTEN BY CHILDREN NOTE: The words in bold are NOT on the lists on page 103 From a reading-teachers’ listserv: The scheme we used in England, for reading and writing, was called Breakthrough to Literacy. Someone at the University of London “researched” (who knows in what way, or how thoroughly) the words mos’ often used in WRITING by emergent writers and readers. | use those words on my word wall, with the addition of everyone's first name. Here they are: / Beth It is a good idea to teach children how to read the words they frequently write. after all am and animal are at be because best big boy brother but can can’t car children come day did do down eat favorite for friend from fun get girl give go good had has have he her here him his house how in is it jump like little look made make me my new nice night not of off old on out over people play pretty Page 104 rain ride said saw school see she sister some talk teacher tell that the them there they thing this to up us very want was we went what when where who why will with won’t you your151 USINGHHE AC PHRBEHCEPRAICIPLE TO TEACH LITTLE LOU COSTELLO HOW TO READ TEACHER (T): Good morning, Lou. Today, on your first day of school, we are going to teach you how to read. We will be using the alphabetic, principle. That's where every letter in a printed word stands for a certain speech-sound LOU (L): Good tech -- I'm ready. LET'S GO! T: We are going to start by going through all the very easy short words in alphabetical order: that is all the 1- and 2-letter words. These words are the easiest of the easiest. Every word contains some of the letters of the alphabet. L: Good, I know one and two ~ I can count to two. T: OK, here's the first word, word, itis also a letter L: Wait, are we doing words or letters? T: Words, but “A” is a letter as well as a word. L: 0K. T: So here we have the word “A”. When we see an “A” in print we say the first sound we say when we start to recite the alphabet L: Oh, | know, “A”, “B’, "C” .... So when | see an ‘A’ | say an “A” T: Yes — you've got it, The letter "A”, the word 'A” and the sound “A” are all the same. T: The next word is "AD". Here | have written it on the board -- “A” +“D". Can you say it? L: Sure, “IT” T: No, not “IT”, | want you to say the word I have written on the board —“A’ + "D" L. OK teech. "ADEE". T: No it's not “ADEE, it is “AD”, Can you say AD"? L: Sure I can say “AD” - but you wrote "ADEE” T: I did not, | wrote "AD"-- look “A+ D” L: But you said “A” is said like the first letter of the alphabet ~ remember, "A, B, C"? So if | put the word “A” in front of the word “D" | get “ADEE”. T:"D" is not a word, It is not said as “DEE” L: Why is “A” a word, but "D" is not a word? T: | don't know, that is just the way it is. Just re- member it. That is not asking to much. L: OK teech, anything to make you happy. T: OK -- so when you see “A-D” you say "AD" L: Got it, "AD" ~- that’s easy. Hey, I'm reading already. T: OK the next word is “AH”, can you say “AH"? L: Sure, "AH" It is not only a T: Here, | am going to write it on the board — "A" + "H", Now say it. No-no, don't say “IT”, say the word | have just written on the board. Say "AH" L: Did you spell it correctly? T: Yes I've spelled it correctly. L: Is “H" a word? T: No, "H’ is not a word. Why do you ask? L: Just curious. T: Please say the word I have written on the board, "A" +H" L: So how do | say the “ B, C” or like the “A’ in "AD"? T: Well neither. In this case, the A doesn't have a separate sound -- the whole word "A +H" is said “AH L: OK -- so the printed letter "A" has three sounds —- depending whether it is by itself, be- fore aD" or before an “H’ T. Right. You catch on quickly, You are a smart little kid. Now let's go on to the next word, “AM”. Here it is "A + M“. Can you read that? L: Which of the three sounds of "A" do | use? T: Like the one in front of *D” L: OK, “AM” T: Now the next word is "AN" ~ | will write it Use the A" sound like the A in “AD”. Now read that word L: OK , "AN" T: Now, here is "AS" -~- same “A” as “AD”. L: OK: “AS”. This is pretty easy, but | am glad you are here to tell me which “A” to use. T: You are doing fine. Now try "A +" ~ same “A as in “AD”. Loar’ T: Very, very good — now “A +X”. Here, | have written it L: Which “A” do | use? T: Same as “AD” L: "AX". We're really cruising now. That is the fifth “A”, like the “A” in "AD", in a row. T: OK the next word is “A + W". Um... bear with me, the, um, "A" is alittle different here. L: Wait a minute. Are you kidding me? This is the NINTH word and you are giving me a FOURTH sound for one letter? If you are not kidding me, | want my Momma. like the in Copyright, M. Carbone, 2005 Page 105READING THE “LONG” VOWELS OUTSIDE THE EASY-TO-READ SYSTEM Two reasons why it is so much easier for beginners to read the Easy-To-Read words 1) We have reduced the number of choices for long vowel spelling from 41 to 14 and, 2) Each letter or letter-combination has only one sound if the two rules on page 3 are followed. Words containing the long vowel sound are often spelled in unusual ways as shown below, Here are some sample words, showing how they are spelled on our list of all the common (non-phonetic) very short English words. The spelling would be more varied if we considered longer words session | savesim © | enetvn L | scseg © | setts U spelled asin spelled asin... | spelled asin spelled asin spelled asin a a ay? quay | aye aye eau beau | ew blew ae Mae e be i ! ew sew ieu lieu ai rain ea tea ie pie ° lo ° do ay bay ee bee igh high oe toe 00 boo e' re ei seize uy buy oh oh ooh = pooh ea yea ey key y by ow tow ou you eah = yeah i ski ye bye owe owe oup coup ei lei ie brie oux = roux ey hey u flu ue blue The columns show the long-vowel spelling on the left and words on the right. NOTE: In our easy-to-read system, we did not change the spelling -- we finess the problem by showing the students only words which correspond to the selected spelling. NON-PHONETIC SPELLING | MODIFIED “EASY-TO-READ SPELLING’ -- FOR BEGINNERS Long /al is spelled 9 ways Long /a/ is spelled 3 ways Long /e/ is spelled 8 ways Long /e/ is spelled 4 ways Long /il is spelled 7 ways Long lil is spelled 2 ways — Long /o/ is spelled 7 ways Long /o/ is spelled 3 ways Long /u/ is spelled 10 ways Long /u/ is spelled 2 ways ~“oo” & “ue (A total of 41 ways) (Atotal of 14 ways) Notes: 1. “re" is a music notation symbol (DO, RE, MI, etc.) 2 “Quay’ is regularly pronounced exactly the same as “key”, except in Brick, New Jersey where the "quay’ in “Cherry Quay Cove" is pronounced to rhyme with ‘say’ NOTE: The following statements summarize the most important feature of this system. In the Easy-To-Read system, each letter or letter combination has ONLY ONE SOUND if you follow the two rules on page 3. In non-phonetic words a single vowel may have as many as 8 sounds. Page 106SPEECH-SOUND-TO-GUIDE-WORD TABLE FOR THE EASY-TO-READ WORDS It is often necessary to write in "phonemic notation” or “speech-sound” notation ( a term we prefer and which we will use) when you are communicating in print about how words are said and heard. We use the speech-sound notation shown on this page. TARGET SENTENCE IN ALPHABETIC NOTATION -- Developed by Alan Beale. “That quick beige fox jumped into the air over each thin dog while taking the loot. Look out, | shout, for he's foiled you again. * THE SAME SENTENCE IN OUR SPEECH-SOUND NOTATION “Thh/alt . ciwiilc . blaalzh.. floicls . jlulm/pid . infu. thh/ee . air! . oolviur . ee/ch . thiiin . d/olg wiiil|. tlaafkling . thh/ee . Vuult. Liuuh/c. owit, ./ll/. sh/ow/t... flor. hleelz.. floil/d . yluu . algiaain.” THE SENTENCE IN OUR SPEECH-SOUND NOTATION WITHOUT SLASHES & DOTS Thhat owic baazh focs jumpd intuu thhee air oovur eech thin dog will taking thhee luut. Luuhc owt, Il showt, for heez foild yuu agaan. Please note: The spelling above represents the sounds as taught to beginning readers by the author. The sounds will vary from speaker fo speaker and teacher to teacher. For the most part, we avoid teaching the “schwa’ although most speakers use the schwa more than any other vowel. If you want to represent the last sound i1 the word “the” with a shwa -- you can invent your own symbol for a schwa -- or use “u” the short /u/ and write “th/u”. The speech-sound nota- tion of ‘into’ could be “i/n/t/u" if you want to schwa that last sound. In the chart below, our speech-sound notation is on the left and the target sounds are within the guide words on the right. We have 52 speech-sound symbols lal asin pat Ju asin bottle? IY asin ant, top lal asin ace, pay, maid lu.lee/ as in orally Ith’ as in bath, thin ait] asin air, aero Wl asin wag, white | thn’ asin them fall asin bail lyl asin yet Wl asin of, van Jarl asin car love Jaw! asin law, taut conscnants below --- Izi asin as, zip fel asin bed asin bib lear! asin ear asin cat & kid 1~*h’ is often silent as in feel asin bee, be, tea, dusty Ichi asin chat, catch Baghdad and white lil asin. big, dyslexic Id! asin dad 2~"le"is used only at the ice! asin mice Mi asin fan of words fill asin mine, pie, by Igl asin get is used only at the fine! asin nine ihi asin hat’ start of words fing! asin sing ji! asin jam Jol asin bob, ma Ikis! asin box Joo! asin go, oat, foe Ikw! asin quick Jor! asin for NW asin ail, lot low! asin cow, cloud Im/ asin mom Joy! asin boy, boil In! asin an, knee* Jul asin bugandthe “ain | /ng/ asin length hula Ipl asin pat Jur! asin fur, her, sir Il asin rat, write Juul asin too, cue Isl asin sun Juuh/ asin bush, put Ish) asin ash, shut Juuh.k/ asin took, look, Isk.ill asin skycap, cook skyway + Most speech-sound notation uses about 43 speech-sound symbols. We created 9 more to make the teaching and reading less ambiguous. + These guide-words were picked because we think they are generally pronounced the same way by most speakers + The bold letiers within the guide-words correspond to the speech-sounds on the same line. ‘+ The words on our list of words were selected because they conform 100% to the spelling shown above. That should make it easy to read those words with complete confidence. Page 107SPEECH-SOUNDS ARE ESSENTIALLY SELF-TAUGHT AND SELF CORRECTING If Johnny is told (1) The long a’ sound is the sound he hears when he hears educated speakers say the word "HAY’, and. (2) He should say the word "HAY" the way he hears it, and (3) He should *hear’ or imagine that sound in his head, when he sees the letter combinations related to the long “a’ sound: ‘ay’, “ai’, sometimes “a’ (and a few others) Then it makes no difference what he hears and says as long as he thinks he is correctly repeating what he hears If he hears a twang and says a twang, that is OX. If he hears a drawl and says a twang, that is OK. If he hears the word said perfectly by an educated teacher but says the word with a stutter, a lisp or an accent, that is perfectly OK too for the purpose of learning how to speak and read. Remember: 1) Don't correct pronunciation while teaching reading. There will be plenty of time for that later. Let expert speech-therapists correct serious pronunciation difficulties at the appropriate time. 2) Proper pronunciation is not needed for personal reading, 3) Ifyou must teach sounding-out, don't be a nit-picker. Good enough is OK. You will drive the kids crazy is if you try to get them to dup icate your speech THE LETTER SONG Sing it to the tune of “A You're Adorable” IS FOR ARE AND AD IS FOR BAR AND BAD. IS FOR CAT, CALL, CAN, AND CAR IS FOR DEAL AND D.C. IS FOR EELAND EASY IS FOR FAT, FALL, FAN AND FAR IS FOR GLEE AND GO IS FOR HE AND HO IS FOR ICE, I'M, 'D AND | IS FOR JET AND JOY IS FOR KIT AND KOI IS FOR LICE, LINE, LIED AND LIE “M" IS FOR MAT AND MAY “N" IS FOR NIT AND NAY “O" IS FOR ODD, OIL, OR AND OW “PIS FOR PEAAND PIT “Q" IS FOR QUEEN AND QUIT “R’ IS FOR ROD, ROIL, ROAR AND ROW “S" IS FOR SEE AND SAX “T" IS FOR TEAAND TAX “U" IS FOR UPSTART AND UNTRUE, “VIS FOR VOWAND VENT “W", WOWAND WENT “x ISAKISS FOR ME AND YOU NOW WE HAVE BUT “Y" AND “2” COME NOWAND JOIN WITH ME LET US SING THIS SONG ALL THE WAY “¥" IS FOR YOU AND YEN “Z" IS FOR ZOO AND ZEN THAT'S ALL, AND NOW WE SAY GOOD DAY! Page 108TEACHING THE SOUNDS OF WORDS In the history of humans, the spoken word existed long before the written or printed word appeared The written word is an attempt to describe the spoken word and convey information. But, since there are at least 50 spoken sounds in languages that use the roman alphabet and only 26 letters in that alphabet, the written word has never perfectly described all spoken words Because the spoken word changes constantly over time-and-place, the best we can do is approximate the sounds of the language at any one time-and-place with the printed word. Fortunately, it tums out that this imperfect, gooc-enough system can be handled easily by the magnificent average brain Since reading is basically a translation of the written word, and we know that written word imperfectly describes the spoken word, we should never accept or expect the written word to be the gospel on how words should be pronounced Reading irregular spelling is not a problem for most intelligent adults -- we simply ignore the goofiness and read the word before us as it is meant to be said by our friends and family or by our sense of the language — not by how the printed word looks. Basically we ignore the spelling because we trust our knowledge of the language. ‘When we see the words “to” and “I'm” ~ we know that rhyming the word “to” with “who” and I'm” with “time” does not reflect the way we and our friends say those words most of the time in sentences such as ‘I'm going to go to the sto’e" — which is usually said “ahm goan/ tuh thuh stor” Is it impossible to logically teach that sentence to beginning readers? You can't very well logically teach the single words independently and you can't logically teach the sentence as a whole. Both methods give you significant problems There are literally hundreds of words that present the same problem ~- including every word which contains a schwa. Our suggestions are: (1) teach all words as though the sounds of the letters correspond with those on an alphabet-to-speech-sound chart, (2) ignore all schwas and (3) know full well that the students will pronounce those words in conversation as they hear them said by their teachers, family and friends, You will not be teaching these words as you expect them to be used, but you will be teaching the most reasonable system Remember -- “Good-enough” is way more than adequate for teaching pronunciation. Don’t be a nit-picker when it comes to pronunciation: that will drive kids away from reading. Page 109SUGGESTIONS FOR USING THE EASY-TO-READ WORDS FOR CLASSROOM LESSON PLANS 1) We think the average student can learn all the "Easy-To-Read words in first grade — assuming the students previously know the names of the alphabet letters and generally know (a) the sounds the consonant letters represent and (9) the sounds of the short vowels. 2) We picked a small, but powerful group of letter combinations to start with. The resulting words Give writers a good chance to create interesting and informative sentences -- such as: “The horse Barbaro, which was a victor in the Kentucky Derby, had a leg-shattering fall in the Preakness. He will live the rest of his days on a stud farm.” 3) The students do not have to actually be taught read every single word in order to learn how to read the words -- that is basically the point of the system. Once they know what sounds the unam- biguous letter combinations stand for, they should be able to read any word on the easy-to-read list -- given a few tries to master the rhythm and the syllabic stress of some of the longer words. 4) Itis probably quite important that the students get the specific words you want them to know into their speaking vocabularies. That is best accomplished in a verbal interaction with the stu- dents without the student looking at the word in print. Remember, every student has already proven that they are spoken-word sponges and masters of words they think are important. They will quickly remember words they want to remember. Say the words to the students and have them repeat them. Much reading is learned through the ears, Read the words to them, Have them echo your recitation of six or seven word rhyme sets. 5) Verbally outline and discuss the whole program and verbally go through the list alphabetically. You will be the only one reading ~ the students will be listening and talking appropriately. asking and responding to questions. Verbally discuss every word, all 9,000+ of them. Use them in spoken sentences. Talk about the funny words, the sad words, the nasty words, the smart-alec words, the polite words, the strange words, the words you do not recognize and which you will look up later, the five, six and seven syllable words, the words with 10 or more letters, etc. Rush through this part quickly. 6) __ I's a good idea to focus on the following words early on: (not necessarily in this order) ) CVC words; about 300 words. ) Single syllable rhymes sets: about 430 words ) Common memory words: about 100 words ) The first and last names of students in the class: about 50 words ) The words children most often write: about 106 words ) The 120 most common words. ‘That group of about 1,100 words should serve as @ good foundation on which to build the rest of the other 8,600 words in this book. 6A (6.2 (6.3 (64 (6.5) (66 7) Since all the words on our lists are absolutely phonetic under our rules, all ambiguities have been removed. 8) _ Don't elaborate on letter-sets (blends) like ‘sp’ and ‘br’ as being something special. After all, each letter in these sets is used with its regular pronunciation: don't make it more complicated than it is. 9) Consider giving all the students a print-out of all these 9,000+ words so they can study them independently. Some students will be able to master the words in a couple of weeks. Give those students more challenging assignments while the rest of the class works on this system. It might be a good idea to ask them to use the 9,000 words to write things for the rest of the class to read Page 110SOME THINGS TO THINK ABOUT BEGINNING READERS DO NOT HAVE TO STICK TO READING WORDS THEY KNOW. 1. It can logically be argued that nobody, no even skilled adult readers, should be expected to accurately understand the meaning of written words which are not in their vocabulary. New words simply can't be reliably “sounded out”. This is primarily because all vowels can be pro- nounced one of a few ways. If there are 3 syllables in a word, that word might be pronounced at least 27 different ways. This is because the 3 vowels or vowel sets in the syllables each have at least three possible speech-sounds (3 x 3 x 3 = 27). Unless the word in known beforehand, it is unreasonable to think the reader will figure out which of the 27 pronunciations is acceptable. 2. _ However, the above may be beside the point. If a student comes across a new word and can figure out approximately what the word means, it makes no difference if he can’t pronounce it correctly. Say you gave a student the following sentence — “If you think a thing is wrong, sig- nify your displeasure’ If the student has never seen “signify” or “displeasure”, but can approxi- mate their meaning, there is no problem if he does not know how they are pronounced. Chanc- es are he will get the idea that “signify” means something like -- "give a sign” and “displeasure” probably means something like the “opposite of pleasure” 3. __ In most cases, it makes no difference whatever if the child does not know how to pro- Nounce a new word while he is reading silently. For instance, if he has never heard or seen the word “Bison” and he is reading a story about the wild west. The story might tell about herds of Bison. You can be almost 100% sure that the context of the story will either (a) give the child a good idea of what a Bison is, (b) or it will at least let him know it is an animal —- and that is probably all he has to immediately know about the beast. It is of no value at all for the child to know that the word “Bison” (1) has a long ‘i’, (2) the “on” is pronounced “un” and (3) the empha- sis is on the first syllable (is it?). That is not germane to the task at hand. He can go on forever not knowing how to say the word without it ever causing him any grief. If he does want to know how to say the word, he can either look it up or ask someone — thus solving his problem in a direct and efficient way. MEMORY WORDS ‘Some very common words can’t be sounded out, even by a very smart student. Those words should be simply treated as “memory words” and the student should essentially memo- rize those words. Students should be told early-on that some words do not follow the alphabetic principle and those words can't be easily sounded out. Trying to sound out the “memory words’, a basically impossible task, can be very stressful and can interfere with learning. Be sure to specifically teach the “memory words’ we have isted in this booklet. VERBAL SHORT TERM MEMORY Beginning readers, even those who are somewhat slow, seem to have a wonderful abil- ity to remember phrases and immediately repeat them. | recently read some 7-word phrases to beginners (individually) and then asked them to read the phrases aloud. Most of the beginners immediately recited the phrases, not even looking at the words. They simply remembered the instant phrase. In some cases, the phrase had words | think they did not know. This raises the question as to how best to use this wonderful ability to get them reading. It suggests to me that we would be better off simply working on expanding the kids vocabulary -- starting by reading interesting things to the kids and/or talking to them about words. TRY LOTS OF SILENT READING While doing all the above, it is best to use teaching techniques wherein the student does not have to read aloud (there are ways to teach without listening to the student). Practically no child has difficulty handling the spoken language over time — do not interfere in that part of his learning, Let it happen naturally. Remind yourself that you are teaching reading, not public speaking Page 111THE NEXT STEP: 55 long-vowel, magic “e”, single-syllable rhyme-sets Once students master the list of Easy-To-Read words in this booklet, they should be intro- duced to the "magic ‘e’ words", wherein the vowel preceding an "e” is pronounced as a long vowel This will probably put another 6,000 words or so on the list; words like “suppose’, ‘advisedly’, “complicated’, ‘prideful’ and ‘protuberant”. You might like to start by adding the 414 rhyme-set words below which are easy to learn and see in print, The words shown here are almost all the single-syllable magic “e” English words. LONG “a” ade bade, blade, fade, glade, grade, jade, lade, made, shade, spade, trade, wade afe safe ake bake, brake, cake, drake, fake, flake, hake, jake, lake, make, quake, rake, sake, shake, slake, snake, stake, take, wake ale ale, bale, dale, gale, hale, kale, male, pale, sale, scale, shale, stale, swale, tale, vale, wale, wale, Yale, ame blame, came, dame, fame, flame, frame, game, lame, name, same, shame, tame ane bane, cane, crane, dane, Jane, lane, mane, pane, plane, sane, vane, wane ape ape, cape, crape, drape, gape, grape, jape, nape, rape, scrape, shape, tape ase base, case, chase, vase ate ate, bate, crate, date, fate, gate, grate, hate, late, mate, pate, plate, prate, rate, sate, skate, slate, spate, state, ave brave, Cave, crave, fave, gave, grave, nave, pave, rave, save, shave, slave, stave, wave aze _ blaze, braze, craze, daze, faze, gaze, glaze, graze, haze, laze, maze, raze LONG “e” ere here, mere, here, were, where ede cede, Mede, Swede eke eke, poke eme creme, meme, scheme, seme, theme, ene ene +=», sene, skene ete Crete, fete, mete, rele, tete (rom tete-a-ete, offen pronounced Yaalt-a/-Vealt:) eve breve, eve, neve LONG ive chive, dive, drive, fe, jv, ve, strive ide bide, chide, hide, ride, side, tide, ife ie, lite, rife, wie ike bike, dike hike, like, mike, pike, ile file, isle, mile, Nile, pile, ie, te, vile, vile iifm dime, ime, mime, rime, time ine dine, fine, line, mine, nine, pine, sine, tne, vine, wine ise vise, vise, ite ite, cite Kite, te, mite, rite, te, site, tte ive dive, ive, five, hive, jive, ve, rive, shrive, skive, strive, thrive, wive ize prize, size Page LONG “o” obe lobe, robe ‘ede bode, code, lode, mode, node, ode, rode, strode ‘oke bloke, broke, choke, coke, hoke, joke, poke, smoke, spoke, stoke, stroke, toke, woke, yoke ole bole, cole, dole, hole, mole, ole, pole, prole, sole, stole, tole, vole, whole ome brome, chrome, dome, gnome, home, Nome, pome, Rome, tome, fone bone, clone, cone, crone, drone, hone, lone, pone, shone, sone, tone, zone ‘ope cope, dope, grope, hope, lope, mope, nope, ope, pope, rope, scope, slope, trope ose (ools) clase, dose, se (00/2) chose, close, hose, nose, pose, prose, rose, those ose (uulz) _lose, whose ote cote, dote, dhote, mote, note, quote, rote, smote, tote, vote, wrote eve (ool) | clove, cove, dove, drove, grove, hove, jove, rove, shrove, stove, strove, throve, trove, wove ove (uly) move, prove oze —cloze, doze, froze ore —_ bore, chore, core, fore, ‘fore, gore, lore, more, ore, pore, score, shore, snore, store, sore, spore, swore, tore, wore, yore LONG “u” ube cube, lube, rube, tube, ude crude, Jude, dude, nude, prude, rude, ‘tude, uke cue, duke, fluke, juke, nuke, puke, uke tule mule, pule, rule, yule ume — brume, flume, fume, Hume (David Hume a philoso- her), plume, spume, une — dune, June, lune, prune, tune lure cure, lure, pure, sure, -ure (noun suffix such as in nature, stature, furniture) use fuse, muse, ruse, 'scuse, use (all have the speech- sound uulz) ute brute, chute, cute, flute, lute, mute uve (no words) uze fuze 112INDEX TO 9,392 EASY-TO-READ PHONETIC- WORDS PLUS 317 MEMORY WORDS Stress and pronunciation Where two listings are given for the same word, that word can be pro- nounced in two different ways by putting stress on different syllables. That difference in pronunciation often changes the meaning and pronunciation of the word. We believe it is best not to discuss stress with beginning readers. Almost all beginning speakers pick up the proper stress in their lan- guage and do not have to be ex- plicitly taught how to stress words properly. Stress also often dictates the speech-sound of the vowel in the syllable. Take the two two-syllable words “ready” and ‘rely’. In “ready”, the last syllable is not stressed and the speech sound of the “y” is /ee/ In “rely” the last syllable is stressed and the “y” speech-sound is i We do not include “rely” or any oth- er word where a terminal “y” has an /ii/ sound on our list of easy-to- read words. Those words can be introduced after the kids become fluent in reading the easy-to read words. 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 Page 113 a to alertly alertness to Athens athletic to bet better to bout bow to called caller to chitchat chock to consort constable to cutlet cutter to disrupt disruptive to eggshell elder to figment filament to frantically frat to goblin gobs to happy hard to hunting huntress to inlay inlay to jut k to lift ligament to marketability marketable to mizzenmast moan to nonstop nonsupport to park parka to planner planning to proverb provident to rest restful to. saying scab to shellac shellfish to silver slob to spoils spoilsport to stubble stubbly to tap tapestry to toad toadstool to twig twiggy to uptown upturn to width wig to zwieback9,392 Easy-To-Read words a to alertly All of these words follow our letter-to-speech-sound correspondence (see page 7). They are therefor “phonetic” and should be Easy-To-Read. a memonyvord aback abacus abaft abash abbess abdominal abduct abeam abet abhor ability abject abjectly abnormal abnormality abnormally abolish abominable abominably abort abortive abound about abracadabra abrupt abruptly abruptness abscond absent absentee absently absinthe absolve absorb absorbent absorbing abstain abstained reverses abstinent "*r=*er abstract abstract abstractly abstractness absurd absurdity absurdly abundant abundantly abut abutment abysmal abysmally abyss academic academically academy acclaim accomplish accomplishment accord accordingly account accountability accountable accountant accounting accredit accrue ‘ace "mon-od achoo acrid acrylic act acting active activist activity actress ad Adam adamant adamantly adapt adaptability adaptable adapter add addend addenda addendum adder addict addict addictive additive addle address addressee adenoidal adenoids adept adept adeptly adepiness admen administer admirable admirably admiral admiralty admissibility admissible admit admittedly admenish admenishment admcnitory adopt adoptive adorable adorably adore adorn adornment adrift adroit adroitly adroiiness adult adulterant adulterer adulteress adultery Advent advent adverb adverse adversity advert advert advice adz afar affability affable affably Page 114 affair affairs affect affecting affinity affirm affirmative affix affix afflict afford affordable afforest afiray afloat aflutter afoul afraid afresh Africa African Afro memorrnors aft after afterbirth afterburner aftereffect aftermath afternoon aftershock age Tere. aggressive aglitter glo eens agnostic ago reeornes agog agree agreeable agreeably agreed agreement aground ahem ahoy aid aide ail aileron ailing ailment aim aimless aimlessly aimlessness ain't air airbag airborne airbrush aircraft airily airing airless airlift airline airlock airmail airman airport airs airship airsick airsickness airstrip airway airy ajar akimbo see akin Al alabaster alacrity Alan alarm alarming alarmingly alarmist alas albacore Albert album alert alertly9,392 Easy-To-Read words alertness alfalfa Alfresco mmr alga alkaline alkalinity alkaloid all allspice aloe aloof aloofness aloud alpaca alpine altimeter alto miners alum alum alumna alumnus am amalgam amass matory Amazon amber ambivalent ambivalently amble amend amendable amendment amends amenity amethyst amicability amicable amicably amid amidships amidst amiss amity ammo =n amnesty amount amp ampersand ample amply an anaconda "w= anagram analysis analyst analytic analytical analytically anapest anathema anatomic anatomical anatomically and android ‘Andy anemometer anesthetic anesthetist animal animosity animus anise Ann annals Anne anneal annex annex annoy annoying annoyingly annul annulment anoint anointment anomaly anon ant Antarctic Antarctica menor anteater antenna anthem anther anthrax antibody antic antics antifreeze antipathy antiquity antiseptic antiseptically antithesis antithetical antler anvil any renee apart apartment apathetic apathetically apathy aplenty apocalypse apocalyptic Apclio menses apostasy appall appalling appaliingly appeal appealing appear appease appeaser append appendix appertain applaud apple applejack applicability applicable applicant applied appoint appointee appointment appositive appraisal appraise appraiser apprehend apprehensive approach approachable apricot apt aptly aptness aqua "ere aqueduct aquifer aquiline arbiter are Page 115 alertness to arch archenemy archer archery archly archway Arctic ardent ardently are argon ark arm armadillo se armament armaments armband armchair armpit armrest arms army arrears arsenal arsenic art artery artful artfully artfulness arthritic Arthur article artifact artillery artisan artist artistic artistically artistry artless artlessly artiessness arts artsy arty as ash ashen ashes ashore ashtray ashy Athens asinine ask aslant asleep asp aspect aspen aspic aspirant aspirate aspirin ass assail assailable assailant assassin assay assay assemble assembler assembly assent assert assertive assess assessment asset assist assistant assort assortment aster asterisk astern asteroid astigmatic astir astonish astonishing astonishingly astonishment astound astounding astoundingly astral astray asunder at Athens9,392 Easy-To-Read words athletic athletically athletics Atlantic, Atlantis atlas atomic atop attach attachment attack attacker attain attainable attainment attempt attend attendant attentive attest attic attract attractive auk auto” automaton avail availabilty available avalanche avatar avenue aver averse avert avid avidity avidly avoid avoidable avoidably avow avowal await away awe awed awful awfully awl awls awning ax axes axis axle axon azimuth Aztec b babble babbler baboon bachelor bachelorette back ackbit backbitten backdrop backer background backhand backhoe backing backlash backpack backpacker backpedal backrest backseat backslapper backslid backstop backtrack backup backyard nenenos bad badiands badly badmouth badness baffle baffled bafflement baffing bag baggy bail ballbondsman ballift balliwick bait ball ballad ballast ballistic ballistics, balloon balloonist ballpark ballplayer ballpoint ballroom balls baluster bamboo bamboozle ban banal banality banana band bandana bandit bandstand andy banish banishment banister banjo banner banns banshee bantam banter baptismal Baptist bar barb Baarharo menor barbell barber barbershop bard bart bark barker bamad bam bamstorm bamyard "ener barred baring barroom bartender barter bash bashful bashfully bashfulness bashing basil basilica "="=reers bask basket basketball bass bassinet merevinrs bassoon Page 116 athletic to bet bat bath bathhouse bathmat bathroom bathtub baton batten batter battery battle battleground battlement bay beeps cree be snorrees beach bead beady beagle beak beaker beam bean beanbag beast beastly beat beaten beater beating beatnik beaver because beck bed bedazzle bedbug bedding bedlam bedpan bedridden bedrock bedroom bedsore bee beech beef beefy beekeeper beeline beep beeper beeswax beet beetle beg belch belfry bell belladonna "er==e= bellboy belle belled bellhop belicosity bellwether belly belt beltway Ben bench benched benchmark bend benefactress benefit Benjamin bent berg Berlin bem bermed Berard berserk berth berthed best best-seller bet Where two listings are given for the same word, that word can be pronounced in two different ways9,392 Easy-To-Read words better bettered betterment Betty bevel bevelled bey bewilder bewildered bewildering bib bibbed biblical bicker bickered bid biden bidder bidding big bigamist bigamy bighom bigmouth bigness bigshot bigwig biked Bill bill billed billet billing Billy billy bimbo ™rev%— bin binned bingo birch bird birdbath birdhouse birdseed birth birthday birthmark bismuth bit bitten bitter bitterly bittern bitterness bittersweet bizarre blab blabbed blabbermouth black blacked blackball blackballed blackbird blacken blackened blackish blackjack blackjacked blacklist blackmail blackmailed blackmailer blackmailing blackness. blackout blacksmith blacktop blacktopped bladder blanch blanched Blanche bland blandishment blandly blandness blast bleach bleached bleachers bleak bleakly bleakness bleary bieat bled bleed bleeder bleeding bleep bleeped blemish blemished blend blender bless blessedness blessing blimp biimped biink blinked biinker biip biipped bliss blissed blissful blissfully blister blistered biisterng bloat blob blobbed bloc: block blocked blocktuster blocktiouse blond bloom bloomed bloomers blooming blooped blooper blot blotter blouse bloused blowzy blubber blubbered blue bluebell bluebird bluefish bluegrass bluejeans bluejay blueprint blues blue-sky bluff bluffed blunder blundered blunderbuss blunderer blunt bluntly bluntness blur blurred blurb blurry blurt blush blushed Page 117 better to bow blusher bluster blusterred blustery boast boaster boastful boastfully boastfulness boat boater boatman Bob bob bobbed bobbin bobble bobbled bobby bobcat bodily bodkin body bog bogged boggle boggled bogay boil boiled boiler boiling bombard bombardment bombast bombastic bonbon bond bonnet bonny boo booed boob booby book booked bookend bookkeeper bookkeeping bookish bookishness booking booklet bookmark bookmarks bookmarker bookseller bookshelf bookshelves bookshop bookstall bookstore bookworm books boom boomed boombox boon boondocks boondoggle boondoggled boost booster boot bootee booth bootleg bootlegged bootlegger bootstraps. booty booze boozed boozer bop) bopped borax bordelaise border bordered borderland borderline bore bored boring born borne boron bosh boshed botanist botany oth ™menort bother bothered bottle bottled bound boundless bounds bountiful bounty bout bow