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Executive Summary
The Sustainable Water Company has thoroughly investigated water in the South East Queensland region
over a period of thirteen weeks. During this time a strategic policy framework for the management of water
in the South East Queensland Regional Landscape has been developed. The strategic policy framework consists
of five principles, including sustainable water supply and demand, land-use, water quality, adapting a whole
catchment management approach and, utilising and developing technology and innovative infrastructure to
plan for current and future generations. The principles are accomplished through eight policies, supported by
nineteen actions, which aim to provide the most beneficial outcome for South East Queensland region.
The framework is intended to alleviate pressures placed on water resources in the regional landscape,
through community involvement and, innovative and strategic management approaches. Other natural
resource management initiatives used currently and in the past include the 2000 Regional Framework for
Growth Management and the South East Queensland Natural Resource Management Plan 2009-2031. The
Desired Regional Outcomes of the South East Queensland Regional Plan 2009-2031 and targets of the South
East Queensland Natural Resource Management Plan 2009-2031 incorporate similar understandings and
focuses, and have been incorporated into the strategic framework.
The principles outlined in the framework are overarched by development and planning principles. Each
development principle has been implemented with anticipation of the most sustainable and beneficial
outcome for the region, these include the: Principle of Subsidiarity, Precautionary Principle, Integration
Principle, Biodiversity Principle and Principle of Ecological Sustainable Development.
The team identified a number of primary themes important to the region. These include: natural
hazards, water quality, water management, catchment management, and the contested landscape. The
preferred strategic framework was formed to address the pressures from these issues. After creating
alternatives, a combination of the three were used to produce the best outcome for the SEQ Regional
Landscape. This process created a viable framework, which attempts to work in conjunction with the South
East Queensland Regional Plan 2009-2031.
All of the principles, policies and actions formed were the result of the information developed in the
early stages of research during this project. The Sustainable Water Company investigated the South East
Queensland region following project objectives which were overarched by the South East Queensland Regional
Plan 2009-2031. The objectives included: gaining an understanding of the natural landscape and water
management, identifying the relationship between water and the natural landscape and reviewing past and
present frameworks and plans relevant to water management in the region.
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Table of Contents
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 1
Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................................. 2
List of Tables, Figures and Maps........................................................................................................................ 4
Glossary of Terms .............................................................................................................................................. 5
Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ 6
1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.1 Purpose and Scope .................................................................................................................................. 7
1.2 Project Objectives .................................................................................................................................... 7
1.3
Assumptions ...................................................................................................................................... 8
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Glossary of Terms
Anthropogenic
The influences of human race activities on the natural environment (MerriamWebster, 2015).
Community
Management Programs
Escarpment
High Priority/Timing
To be completed within the next five years due to the risk of severe
environmental, social or economic impacts associated with delay.
High Resource
Implications
Integrated Catchment
Management (ICM)
Low Priority/Timing
To be completed within the next fifteen years due to the risk of less significant
environmental, social or economic impacts associated with delay.
Low Resource
Implications
Medium Priority/Timing
To be completed within the next ten years due to the risk of significant
environmental, social or economic impacts associated with delay.
Medium Resource
Implications
The TWCM concept addresses the different elements of the water cycle
within an urban area and its catchment, advancing a whole system approach
to the management of water whilst enhancing and protecting the
environmental values of receiving waters (Queensland Government, 2009b).
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DRO
GEKO
IDAS
IPA
LGA
MATs
MoA
Memorandum of Agreement
NGO
Non-Government Organisation
NRM
QFF
QFJA
QIP
RFGM
RLOSAC
SEQ
SEQIPP
SEQRP
SEQTOLSMA
SEQWS
WSUD
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1.0 Introduction
The following section outlines the purpose of this report and establishes the overall project objectives,
which are overarched by the aims of the South East Queensland Regional Plan 2009-2031 (SEQRP). The key
assumptions which have been made throughout the study, and may have affected the outcome of the
strategic policy framework, have also been highlighted.
8. To develop a Discussion Paper that explores the concept of water and propose a framework for the
strategic management of water through the regional landscape in the SEQ region.
9. To confirm the Discussion Paper proposals against the perceptions and aspirations of selected targeted
community stakeholders.
1.3 Assumptions
The framework outlined in this report identifies innovative and strategic solutions to recognise and
suitably manage the macro challenges for water in SEQ, with special consideration of the regional landscape.
The key assumptions, which have affected the product of this study and have been considered throughout
the process are as follows;
The future revisions of the South East Queensland Regional Plan 2009-2031 will remain a statutory
document and this framework will be integrated with it to effectively manage water in the SEQ
Regional Landscape.
The general population of the SEQ region are concerned about the conservation of water for future
uses, and will want to provide contributions to its management.
As a result of State or Local Government elections, there will be no change to governing parties.
The urban footprint, as identified in the South East Queensland Regional Plan 2009-2031, will remain
unchanged.
The current population will grow to 4.6 million people by the year 2031 (Queensland Government,
2009b), based on the following:
o Birth rates will remain as 13.3 per 1,000 population [Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS),
2013b].
o Death rates will remain as 6.4 per 1,000 population (ABS, 2013c).
o Overseas migration will remain as, at 238,000 people (net) [ABS, 2013 a].
o Interstate migration will remain as 22,107 arrivals and 20,053 departures in Queensland
(ABS, 2013a).
o There are no significant health epidemics.
The current projections of climate change and the intensity of natural hazards will continue on as
predicted. This will result in:
o Sea level rise along the SEQ coastline (to a maximum of 1.1 meters), resulting in the loss of
land mass (OzCoasts (Geoscience Australia), 2015).
o Population increase due to climate change refugees.
o Cyclones, earthquakes, hail storms, flooding, etc., will be more intense but less common
(Department of Local Government, Infrastructure and Planning, 2015).
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Map 1: SEQ Catchment Area and Local Government Boundary Comparison Map. Source: Reformed from the Queensland
Government (2009b).
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NATURAL HAZARDS
WATER QUALITY
In 2014 there was an overall decline in freshwater grades and an improvement in estuaries and
marine grades across SEQ (Healthy Waterways, 2014c). Estuary and marine ecosystems have improved
noticeably with the reduction in point source pollution and upgraded waste water plants, although this
varies across catchments. However, freshwater quality has declined due to the excessive clearing of
riparian vegetation, resulting in higher sediment and nutrient loads in SEQ waterways. Supported by
the Queensland Government (2009b) and Department of Environment and Resource Management
(2009).
Water quality and ecosystem services are being threatened, due to anthropogenic disturbances. Cross
regional planning instruments can be utilised to protect and conserve the regions resources, to monitor
water quality.
SEQ relies heavily on a number of key water catchment areas, which service the entire region.
Catchments need to be protected and rehabilitated from non-point source pollution, to ensure
continued use (Queensland Government, 2008).
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CONTESTED LANDSCAPE
CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT
WATER MANAGEMENT
To ensure an adequate supply of freshwater and groundwater for the regions population, water
resources need to be sustainably allocated to ensure their endurance.
Freshwater has been identified as a limited resource, which means alternative water resources
need to be managed and protected in order to ensure that they safeguard the SEQ region for future
water security. Since the millennium drought the Queensland Government has developed WaterQ: A
thirty year strategy for Queenslands Water Sector, which aims to effectively manage our natural
resources. The strategy aims to enhance efficiency by using waste and sewage treatment plants as
energy resources and innovating new technologies in order to improve the way we use water. Ground
water is found beneath the earth's surface and is replenished during rainfall. In SEQ ground water is
extracted for irrigation and domestic use. In past years drought conditions have also placed
groundwater resources under pressure. Supported by Department of Energy and Water Supply (2014)
and Department of Environment and Resource Management (2009).
There is significant nutrient run off from development areas into catchments resulting in nitrogen
phosphate poisoning of waterways. Developments need to be effectively managed to avoid the
degradation of these environments.
Nitrogen and phosphorous are plant nutrients which can become problematic when they enter
waterways excessively causing algae blooms. These nutrients can be picked up by storm water or water
from waste water treatment plants; which can also contain high levels of nutrients. Litter, including
plastics and cigarette butts is another major pollutant, which affects wildlife, aquatic habitats, and
water quality (Healthy Waterways, 2012). Supported by the Department of Communication and
Information, Local Government, Planning and Sport (2000) and Healthy Waterways (2010).
Water values in SEQ extend beyond the immediate use-value of resources. They also incorporate
stakeholder values. In order to preserve all of these use and non-use values, water needs to be
adequately managed based on a whole system approach.
SEQs regional landscape provides aesthetic, recreational, tourism, cultural, ecological,
hydrological, and natural resource value. Stakeholders including: State Governments, Local
Government, natural resource organisations, industry, community groups and traditional owners must
be considered when looking at the management of SEQs waterways. Supported by the Queensland
Government (2009b).
These key issues have indicated the need for a review of past and current management frameworks
for water in the region, to identify areas in need of improvement. They also acknowledged the importance
of a contemporary framework whose principles, policies, and actions would, upon implementation,
successfully manage water in the SEQ Regional Landscape and alleviate pressures on one of the worlds most
precious resources (United States Geological Survey [USGS], 2014b).
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POLICY INITIATIVES
STATE GOVERNMENT
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GOVERNING BODY
POLICY INITIATIVES
Review viability and risks to existing and future water supply sources and storages
and develop appropriate strategies to resolve potential opportunities and
problems
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
COLLABORATION OF LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS AND
COMMUNITIES
LOCAL GOVERNMENT,
CARRIED OUT BY COMMUITY
PARTICIPATION
Prepare and implement Water Resource Plans (WRPs) for all major catchments in
SEQ, with priority given to high growth and high demand areas
3.2 South East Queensland Regional Plan 2009-2031 and South East Queensland
Natural Resource Management Plan 2009-2031
The South East Queensland Regional Plan 2009-2031 aims to incorporate a range of initiatives that
benefit the region. The plan produces a number of aims and goals however, the plan is separated into several
sections, dedicated to informing the audience of the purposes of the plan. The vision for the region includes
addressing climate change and oil supply vulnerability, protection of the regional landscape, support rural
production, accommodating future residential and employment growth, facilitating growth in the west,
delivering smart growth, regional accessibility, building a series of strong identifiable communities, and
providing infrastructure and its service.
The SEQ plan also incorporates a number of desired outcomes of the region, identified as DROs. Each
DRO has actions that are implemented to achieve the best outcome for the region. There are eleven different
DROs listed in the regional plan, each DRO aims to achieve an outcome in social, environmental, cultural and
economic values.
The DROs of the SEQRP are similar to those of the targets and themes of the Natural Regional
Management Plan. The NRM targets and themes are twelve in total, including: air and atmosphere, coastal
and marine, community, land, nature conservation, regional landscape areas, water, and traditional owners.
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The Queensland Infrastructure Plan aims to improve the use of current and future infrastructure in the
state, including water infrastructure in SEQ. A main aim in the creation of this plan was to balance the needs
of Queensland against the available and the decreasing natural resources. To provide infrastructure to areas
that will support natural resource activity, such as SEQ. One of the focuses of the plan is to maximise safety,
reliability and connectivity during extreme weather events (Department of Local Government and Planning,
2011, p.9), stressing the importance of resilience against climate change and its predicted long-term effects.
Although this is a plan specific to the state of Queensland, the plan described the significant need in SEQ for
securing water for the future as, population growth will require additional security of water supplies
(Department of Local Government and Planning, 2011, p.86).
Priority infrastructure needs and areas for the SEQ region are identified in the SEQIPP, which stresses
the management of infrastructure for the supply and demand of water in the region (for current and future
infrastructure). The plan requires that water-intensive businesses must prepare a Water Efficiency
Management Plan. The plan identifies that water projects are to be undertaken with high priority, which
includes a recycled water and desalination plant. The SEQIPP also identifies the significant funding provided
by the Queensland Government to supply suitable infrastructure in the SEQ Regional Landscape.
The WaterQ document is guided by the Queensland Plan to provide guidelines in a five stage plan for
the conservation of water in the state of Queensland. It stresses areas of management in climate variability,
urban design, pollution and degraded catchments, lack of innovation and technology, population growth,
and responsible and productive use of water.
The SEQWS is a plan specific to the SEQ region but produced with the same purpose as WaterQ. It
follows a strict process for identifying issues surrounding water in the region and solutions for its sustainable
management (Figure 1). Some of the issues and management solutions identified by this plan include that:
The rural production areas of SEQ are facing challenges relating to affordable access to water
Water resources need to be managed on a total water-cycle basis
The need for plans to specify the following:
o The proportion of water allocated to the environment
o The amount of water already allocated for all uses
o The available water for future allocation and use
Recreation and lifestyle factors of amenity and landscape are important to consider when creating
management solutions for water
Possible solutions for education, and behaviour and training landscape managers and workers to
implement behaviour changes.
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Figure 1: Water Resource Planning in SEQ. Source: Queensland Water Commission (2010)
The SEQTOLSMA aims to engage Aboriginal Traditional Owners fully in the planning processes, at all
levels of government with alliances in the community. Therefore, SEQ Catchments were to create a
Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) to ensure Aboriginal recognition and Cultural Heritage Duty of Care
considerations are satisfied and implemented in plans relevant to SEQ. The plan recognised Integrated
Catchment Management as an engaging tool along with Traditional Owner input schemes (e.g. mapping of
sites and landscapes of cultural heritage significance).
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Page | 17
Birth rates
Death rates
Overseas migration rates
Interstate migration rates
Significant health epidemics
Climate predictions of temperature, sea level rise, carbon levels and severity of natural hazards
Page | 18
PRIORITIES
Water security
Land-use management
Water quality
Ecosystem management
Infrastructure and technology
The current SEQRP sets an urban footprint for the region (Map 2) in order to contain urban sprawl
and other associated effects.
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Map 2: Current Population Growth and Climate Change Assumption. Source: Reformed from the Queensland
Government (2009b)
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Table 4: High Population Growth and Severe Climate Change Framework Information
ASSUMPTIONS
High fertility rates
Low mortality rate
High overseas and interstate migration
No significant epidemics
Health rate stays constant to current predictions
Climate predictions of temperature, sea level and
severity of natural hazards are all higher than
currently predicted
PRIORITIES
Water security will be a significant issues ensuring
enough water is available to the public will be
difficult
Preservation of water resources in development
the creation of a megalopolis will ensure urban
sprawl becomes less of a problem in the future
Water quality will need to be constantly monitored
to protect the vital water resource
Ecosystem management ensuring planning
adequately manages the increased threat from
natural hazards
Infrastructure and technology utilising future
technology to ensure the best management of
water
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Map 3: High Population Growth and Sever Climate Change Assumption. Source: Reformed from the
Queensland Government (2009b).
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PRIORITIES
Water security will be less of a priority with a
smaller population
Preservation of water resources is not necessary
for survival but is still planned for
Water quality
Infrastructure and technology is more important
to ensure that infrastructure is available to the
population without being over allocated
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Map 4: Low Population Growth and Climate Change Assumption. Source: Reformed from the Queensland
Government (2009b).
Page | 24
WEAKNESSES
Gaps in mitigation
for climate change
Minimal focus on
impacts of climate
change
Limited economic
resources to
implement the
framework
OPPORTUNITIES
Possibility for more
emphasis on
climate change
issues
Potential for more
depth into
conservation,
preservation and
restoration
initiatives.
Opportunities to
limit growth and
improve the
environment
Potential for
greater focus on
climate change
mitigation by
communities
THREATS
Natural hazards
have not been
adequately
planned for in
unforeseen
circumstances
Changes in
government may
change the
situation
Unpredictable
economy may limit
opportunities for
implementation
Water scarcity is a
less pressing issue
so it can be easily
managed
Existing
management tools
can be used
Triple bottom line
approach
Easier to
implement: less
population and less
environmental
threats
Easier to
incorporate the
community and
integrated
management
Water scarcity is a
less pressing issue
and can be easily
managed
Existing
management tools
can be used
Triple bottom line
approach
Easier to implement
less population
and less
environmental
threats
Easier to
incorporate he
community and
integrated
management
Unrealistic
expectations of
population growth
and climate change
Uncertainty over
the impacts of a low
population
Infrastructure and
restoration may
prove to be too
intense for the
situation
Predictions have a
degree of
uncertainty
incorporated into
the estimations
Threats to the
environment may
reduce the level of
significance the
environment has to
society, and thus
also the level of
management
People may become
more relaxed about
their water use and
become wasteful
and unsustainable
Page | 25
STRENGTHS
Potential to use
community
engagement to
improve
environment
through
conservation
strategies more
people = more
change
The situation can
and has been
effectively planned
for, despite the
unrealistic
predictions
Effectively utilises
integrated
management
Emphasis on
development
management, less
on population
management no
limits to growth
High population and
effective
management
good economy
Creation of a
megalopolis
provides the
opportunity for
innovative urban
design
WEAKNESSES
Framework is
separated from the
economy does not
limit growth
There is uncertainty
of the effects of
climate change
thereby making it
difficult to plan for
the future
Current policies
being used to plan
for an alternative
future, may not be
adequate
OPPORTUNITIES
Technology in the
future may provide
opportunities for
new water
management
strategies
Changes in
government or wars
could cause a lack
of focus on issues
THREATS
Technology may not
progress quickly
enough to meet the
demands for
management
Unpredictability
may result in the
framework being
insufficient
Climate change may
become a bigger
issue than what was
planned before
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Policy 2:
Adequately
consider the
supply of water to
the SEQ Regional
Landscape to avoid
water scarcity.
Page | 31
Policy 3: Control
land-use in SEQ to
preserve
waterways,
catchments,
wetlands,
estuaries, and
Moreton Bay.
Policy 4: Manage
development that
impacts on the
SEQ Regional
Landscape to
ensure water is
protected and
provided.
Page | 32
Principle 3: Improve water quality through the preservation of the Regional Landscape of SEQ.
Policy 5: Improve
water quality
through the
conservation and
protection of
waterways,
catchments,
wetlands,
estuaries, and
Moreton Bay.
Page | 33
Principle 4: Apply a whole catchment management approach to preserve and restore the SEQ Regional Landscape.
Policy 7: Manage
catchment areas in
the SEQ Regional
Landscape taking
into account water
quality and
quantity, aquatic
and terrestrial
biodiversity.
Page | 34
Principle 5: Utilise infrastructure and technology to maintain water management in the SEQ Regional Landscape and accommodate
for the future.
Policy 8: Ensure
infrastructure and
technology are
consistently
updated and
utilised to
maximise the
effective-ness of
water management
practices in SEQ.
Page | 35
Page | 36
6.0 Conclusion
The Sustainable Water Company have proposed a framework for the management of water in the
SEQ Regional Landscape. Through a multi-phase study, this report has been constructed to justify the
preferred strategic policy framework and associated principles, policies and actions, which includes an
analysis of the area and its predominant features. This included an investigation into the key issues that
influence these features. The resulting framework proposed in this report is intended to alleviate pressures
on water resources in the regional landscape. Through community involvement, innovative and strategic
management approaches, the framework will be used to advise Regional Landscape and Open Space
Advisory Committee, on how to effective manage water in the South East Queensland Regional Landscape.
The regional framework proposes a series of principles, policies and action that address five key themes
related to water management in the regional landscape. It is intended to be implemented in conjunction
with other natural resource initiatives including the South East Queensland Regional Plan 20009-2031 and
the South East Queensland Natural Resource Management Plan 2009-2031.
Page | 37
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Appendices
Appendix A: Current Population Growth and Climate Change Framework
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