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STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR THE

MANAGEMENT OF WATER IN THE


SOUTH EAST QUEENSLAND REGIONAL
LANDSCAPE
Supporting Report

Strategic Planning Studio (3097ENV)


Convenor: Darryl Low Choy
Undergraduate Group: Four
Date Due: June 5th, 2015
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Executive Summary
The Sustainable Water Company has thoroughly investigated water in the South East Queensland region
over a period of thirteen weeks. During this time a strategic policy framework for the management of water
in the South East Queensland Regional Landscape has been developed. The strategic policy framework consists
of five principles, including sustainable water supply and demand, land-use, water quality, adapting a whole
catchment management approach and, utilising and developing technology and innovative infrastructure to
plan for current and future generations. The principles are accomplished through eight policies, supported by
nineteen actions, which aim to provide the most beneficial outcome for South East Queensland region.
The framework is intended to alleviate pressures placed on water resources in the regional landscape,
through community involvement and, innovative and strategic management approaches. Other natural
resource management initiatives used currently and in the past include the 2000 Regional Framework for
Growth Management and the South East Queensland Natural Resource Management Plan 2009-2031. The
Desired Regional Outcomes of the South East Queensland Regional Plan 2009-2031 and targets of the South
East Queensland Natural Resource Management Plan 2009-2031 incorporate similar understandings and
focuses, and have been incorporated into the strategic framework.
The principles outlined in the framework are overarched by development and planning principles. Each
development principle has been implemented with anticipation of the most sustainable and beneficial
outcome for the region, these include the: Principle of Subsidiarity, Precautionary Principle, Integration
Principle, Biodiversity Principle and Principle of Ecological Sustainable Development.
The team identified a number of primary themes important to the region. These include: natural
hazards, water quality, water management, catchment management, and the contested landscape. The
preferred strategic framework was formed to address the pressures from these issues. After creating
alternatives, a combination of the three were used to produce the best outcome for the SEQ Regional
Landscape. This process created a viable framework, which attempts to work in conjunction with the South
East Queensland Regional Plan 2009-2031.
All of the principles, policies and actions formed were the result of the information developed in the
early stages of research during this project. The Sustainable Water Company investigated the South East
Queensland region following project objectives which were overarched by the South East Queensland Regional
Plan 2009-2031. The objectives included: gaining an understanding of the natural landscape and water
management, identifying the relationship between water and the natural landscape and reviewing past and
present frameworks and plans relevant to water management in the region.

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Table of Contents
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 1
Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................................. 2
List of Tables, Figures and Maps........................................................................................................................ 4
Glossary of Terms .............................................................................................................................................. 5
Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ 6
1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.1 Purpose and Scope .................................................................................................................................. 7
1.2 Project Objectives .................................................................................................................................... 7
1.3

Assumptions ...................................................................................................................................... 8

2.0 Background Statement ................................................................................................................................ 9


2.1 Attributes of South East Queensland ...................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Associated Key Issues ............................................................................................................................ 11
3.0 Past Water and Natural Resource Management Initiatives ...................................................................... 13
3.1 Regional Frameworks for Growth Management ................................................................................... 13
3.2 South East Queensland Regional Plan 2009-2031 and South East Queensland Natural Resource
Management Plan 2009-2031 ..................................................................................................................... 14
3.3 Other Relevant Plans in South East Queensland ................................................................................... 15
4.0 Strategic Policy Framework Options ......................................................................................................... 17
4.1 Relevant Planning Principles ................................................................................................................. 17
4.1.1 The Principle of Subsidiarity ........................................................................................................... 17
4.1.2 The Precautionary Principle............................................................................................................ 17
4.1.3 The Integration Principle ................................................................................................................ 17
4.1.4 The Principle of Ecological Sustainable Development.................................................................... 18
4.1.5 The Biodiversity Principle ............................................................................................................... 18
4.2 Strategic Policy Framework Options Summary ..................................................................................... 18
4.2.1 Current Population and Climate Change Framework..................................................................... 18
4.2.2 High Population and Severe Climate Change Framework .............................................................. 21
4.2.3 Low Population and No Climate Change Framework ..................................................................... 23
5.0 Preferred Strategic Policy Framework ....................................................................................................... 25
5.1 Preferred Strategic Policy Framework ................................................................................................... 28
5.2 Strategic Policy Themes ......................................................................................................................... 29
5.2.1 Water Security ................................................................................................................................ 29
5.2.2 Land-Use Management .................................................................................................................. 29
5.2.3 Water Quality ................................................................................................................................. 29
5.2.4 Catchment Management................................................................................................................ 30
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5.2.5 Infrastructure and Technology ....................................................................................................... 30


5.3 Strategic Principles, Policies and Actions .............................................................................................. 31
5.4 Implementation Matters ....................................................................................................................... 36
6.0 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................. 37
Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 38
Appendices ...................................................................................................................................................... 52
Appendix A: Current Population Growth and Climate Change Framework ................................................ 52
Appendix B: High Population Growth and Severe Climate Change Framework ......................................... 53
Appendix C: Low Population Growth and No Climate Change Framework ................................................ 54

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List of Tables, Figures and Maps


Table 1: Current Key Issues Relevant to Water in the Regional Landscape..................................................... 11
Table 2: Examples of Policy Proposals in the 2000 RFGM ............................................................................... 13
Table 3: Current Population Growth and Climate Change Framework Information ....................................... 19
Table 4: High Population Growth and Severe Climate Change Framework Information ................................ 21
Table 5: Low Population Growth and Climate Change Framework Information ............................................ 23
Table 6: SWOT Analysis of Strategic Policy Framework Options ..................................................................... 25
Figure 1: Water Resource Planning in SEQ. Source: Queensland Water Commission (2010)......................... 16
Map 1: SEQ Catchment Area and Local Government Boundary Comparison Map. Source: Reformed from the
Queensland Government (2009b). .................................................................................................................. 10
Map 2: Current Population Growth and Climate Change Assumption. Source: Reformed from the
Queensland Government (2009b) ................................................................................................................... 20
Map 3: High Population Growth and Sever Climate Change Assumption. Source: Reformed from the
Queensland Government (2009b). .................................................................................................................. 22
Map 4: Low Population Growth and Climate Change Assumption. Source: Reformed from the Queensland
Government (2009b). ...................................................................................................................................... 24

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Glossary of Terms
Anthropogenic

The influences of human race activities on the natural environment (MerriamWebster, 2015).

Community
Management Programs

A management system based on the relationship between the community


and environmental monitoring programs are known as Community-Based
Environmental Monitoring (CBM). This system is a social practice that makes
contributions to the environmental management and protection of the
ecosystems (Burgos, Paez, Carmona, Rivas, 2013; Nare, Odiyo, Francis,
Potgieter, 2011).

Escarpment

An area of the Earth where elevation changes suddenly (National


Geographic Society, 2015), for example a steep slope or cliff bottom.

High Priority/Timing

To be completed within the next five years due to the risk of severe
environmental, social or economic impacts associated with delay.

High Resource
Implications

Will require a significant amount of resources in order to complete action,


such as funding, personnel, equipment, time, and natural resource use.

Integrated Catchment
Management (ICM)

ICM is a management practice that understands that water resources and


other catchment ecosystem components are interconnected. Therefore, they
should be managed holistically (Hughes & Quinn, 2014). The mission for the
integrated management program is to manage sustainability in development
at the catchment level, especially when resources are viewed as the limited
factor (Hughes & Quinn, 2014; Macleod, Scholefield & Haygarth, 2007).

Low Priority/Timing

To be completed within the next fifteen years due to the risk of less significant
environmental, social or economic impacts associated with delay.

Low Resource
Implications

Will require a minimal amount of resources in order to complete action, such


as funding, personnel, equipment, time, and natural resource use.

Medium Priority/Timing

To be completed within the next ten years due to the risk of significant
environmental, social or economic impacts associated with delay.

Medium Resource
Implications

Will require a moderate amount of resources in order to complete action,


such as funding, personnel, equipment, time, and natural resource use.

Total Water Cycle


Management (TWCM)

The TWCM concept addresses the different elements of the water cycle
within an urban area and its catchment, advancing a whole system approach
to the management of water whilst enhancing and protecting the
environmental values of receiving waters (Queensland Government, 2009b).

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Acronyms and Abbreviations


BREC

Brisbane Region Environment Council

DRO

Desired Regional Outcome

GEKO

Gold Coast and Hinterland Environment Council

IDAS

Integrated Development Assessment System

IPA

Integrated Planning Act 1997

LGA

Local Government Area

MATs

Management Action Targets

MoA

Memorandum of Agreement

NGO

Non-Government Organisation

NRM

Natural Resource Management

QFF

Queensland Farmer Federation

QFJA

Queensland Fisheries Joint Authority

QIP

Queensland Infrastructure Plan 2011

RFGM

Regional Framework for Growth Management

RLOSAC

Regional Landscape and Open Space Advisory Committee

SEQ NRM Plan

South East Queensland National Resource Management Plan 2009-2031

SEQ

South East Queensland

SEQIPP

South East Queensland Infrastructure Plan and Program 2009

SEQRP

South East Queensland Regional Plan 2009-2031

SEQTOLSMA

South East Queensland Traditional Owner Cultural Resource


Management Plan 2008

SEQWS

South East Queensland Water Strategy Plan

WSUD

Water Sensitive Urban Design

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1.0 Introduction
The following section outlines the purpose of this report and establishes the overall project objectives,
which are overarched by the aims of the South East Queensland Regional Plan 2009-2031 (SEQRP). The key
assumptions which have been made throughout the study, and may have affected the outcome of the
strategic policy framework, have also been highlighted.

1.1 Purpose and Scope


This supporting report summarises the key findings from the multi-phased study conducted in order
to advise the Regional Landscape and Open Space Advisory Committee (RLOSAC). As a result of a review
conducted on past and current initiatives for planning in Australias most rapidly growing metropolitan
region. It was found that water is a ubiquitous issue and without proper management, the SEQ region will
suffer. The Sustainable Water Company have found that if development continues at expected rates,
innovative and integrated solutions which focus on sustainable and strategic management, are the best ways
to ensure water security in the South East Queensland (SEQ) Regional Landscape. Therefore, the creation of
a regional framework establishes options to identify and manage the macro challenges related to water in
the SEQ Regional Landscape, which will assist in planning for non-urban areas and conserving a valuable
natural resource. This report outlines this framework (including the selected principles, policies and actions)
to sustainably manage water in SEQ, with respect to the regional landscape and consideration of past and
present strategies.

1.2 Project Objectives


A number of study objectives have been used in order to guide the project and assist in the production
of a discussion paper which identifies water management practices for the SEQ regional landscape, in
accordance with the desired outcome specified in the project brief. Currently, these objectives are still
applicable to the project at hand. The specific project objectives are:
1. To understand the regional-scale environmental attributes that define the SEQ regional landscape and
their contribution to defining the SEQ region plans.
2. To derive a working definition of water management capable of implementation through the
regional and local planning processes (e.g. State Planning Policy, Queensland Planning Provisions and
Regional Plans).
3. To explore the relationships between water and the regional landscape.
4. To evaluate past Regional Framework for Growth Management (RFGM) initiatives in relation to water
and water related issues.
5. To explore emergent trends of a strategic nature related to water management associated with
regional landscape planning.
6. To establish the current state of knowledge and experience, in terms of best management practices
and innovative policy options, for the planning and strategic management of water through the
regional landscape paradigm.
7. To derive a strategic framework for the management of water, underpinned by a Triple Bottom Line
(TBL) approach, which can address the South East Queensland Regional Plan 2009-2031s (SEQRP)
Vision Statement and commitment to manage water.
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8. To develop a Discussion Paper that explores the concept of water and propose a framework for the
strategic management of water through the regional landscape in the SEQ region.
9. To confirm the Discussion Paper proposals against the perceptions and aspirations of selected targeted
community stakeholders.

1.3 Assumptions
The framework outlined in this report identifies innovative and strategic solutions to recognise and
suitably manage the macro challenges for water in SEQ, with special consideration of the regional landscape.
The key assumptions, which have affected the product of this study and have been considered throughout
the process are as follows;
The future revisions of the South East Queensland Regional Plan 2009-2031 will remain a statutory
document and this framework will be integrated with it to effectively manage water in the SEQ
Regional Landscape.
The general population of the SEQ region are concerned about the conservation of water for future
uses, and will want to provide contributions to its management.
As a result of State or Local Government elections, there will be no change to governing parties.
The urban footprint, as identified in the South East Queensland Regional Plan 2009-2031, will remain
unchanged.
The current population will grow to 4.6 million people by the year 2031 (Queensland Government,
2009b), based on the following:
o Birth rates will remain as 13.3 per 1,000 population [Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS),
2013b].
o Death rates will remain as 6.4 per 1,000 population (ABS, 2013c).
o Overseas migration will remain as, at 238,000 people (net) [ABS, 2013 a].
o Interstate migration will remain as 22,107 arrivals and 20,053 departures in Queensland
(ABS, 2013a).
o There are no significant health epidemics.

The current projections of climate change and the intensity of natural hazards will continue on as
predicted. This will result in:
o Sea level rise along the SEQ coastline (to a maximum of 1.1 meters), resulting in the loss of
land mass (OzCoasts (Geoscience Australia), 2015).
o Population increase due to climate change refugees.
o Cyclones, earthquakes, hail storms, flooding, etc., will be more intense but less common
(Department of Local Government, Infrastructure and Planning, 2015).

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2.0 Background Statement


The following section describes the environmental and landscape attributes of South East Queensland,
as identified by the comprehensive information collected by The Sustainable Water Company. After extensive
analysis of this information the team discovered the key issues related to water in the region, which are
outlined below.

2.1 Attributes of South East Queensland


South East Queensland (SEQ) is the fastest growing metropolitan region in Australia and consists of
twelve local government authorities (LGAs) (Department of State Development, Infrastructure, and Planning,
2014). The region covers a total area of approximately 2.2 million hectares and is highly biodiverse with many
species of native vegetation (Queensland Government, 2009b).
The region is known to have three topographic areas, the coastal zone, the Brisbane/Bremer River
system and the hinterland mountains (Granger & Leiba, 2001). Much of SEQ region is surrounded by hills,
mountains, and ridgelines, including the escarpment known as The Great Dividing Range. This area has
created the low lying, flat areas in the SEQ Regional Landscape, which historically has seen residential
developments prone to the effects of flooding (Granger & Leiba, 2001).
SEQs coastline has been extensively modified to accommodate a number of urban centres and their
associated infrastructure, including large areas of residential canal estates, seen predominantly in the Gold
Coast area. In addition, the waterways of SEQ are fundamental to the region, providing quality of life,
economic growth, environmental values and a variety of ecosystem services including: water supply and
quality, recreational opportunities, scenic amenity, transport, and food production (Queensland
Government, 2009b). There are a total of fourteen catchments (1.2 million hectares) running across and
through the region (Map 1), the largest flowing directly into Moreton Bay (McDonald et al., 2010).
The SEQRP states that the regional landscape underpins the regions liveability (Queensland
Government, 2009b, p.11) and holds non-urban values. One challenge associated with the management of
the regional landscape is that more than half is privately owned (Department of Infrastructure and Planning,
2009), making the enforcement of planning instruments difficult at times. The SEQRP states that the area can
hold at least one of the following values:

National or conservation parks


Water catchments, water storages and groundwater resources
Cultural and heritage values (both traditional and non-indigenous)
Endangered ecosystems
Native forest
Agricultural and productive lands
Land that creates an inter urban break
Significant biodiversity
Koala habitat

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Map 1: SEQ Catchment Area and Local Government Boundary Comparison Map. Source: Reformed from the Queensland
Government (2009b).

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2.2 Associated Key Issues


SEQ is faced with a number of issues relating to water and natural resource management in the
regional landscape. After extensive research into: planning instruments, natural hazards, water as an
ecosystem service, water quality, water and catchment management, and water related values, eleven
current key issues in the region were discovered (Table 1).

Table 1: Current Key Issues Relevant to Water in the Regional Landscape

NATURAL HAZARDS

CURRENT KEY ISSUES RELEVANT TO WATER IN THE REGIONAL LANDSCAPE


Climate change has resulted in variations of weather patterns, including: floods, droughts, and severe
rainfall. These variations greatly affect water availability and need to be adequately planned for.
Climate change has placed increasing pressure on SEQ's natural resources, including water and
its availability. This has become increasingly obvious since Queensland's millennium drought
(Queensland Government, 2009b). In the past few years SEQ has seen a decline in rainfall and a rise
in overall temperatures, which has led to many severe weather events including: heatwaves, floods,
and bushfires (Bureau of Meteorology, 2015b).
Water quality and ecosystem services are being threatened due to anthropogenic disturbances. Cross
regional planning instruments can be utilised to protect and conserve the regions resources, to improve
water quality.

WATER QUALITY

In 2014 there was an overall decline in freshwater grades and an improvement in estuaries and
marine grades across SEQ (Healthy Waterways, 2014c). Estuary and marine ecosystems have improved
noticeably with the reduction in point source pollution and upgraded waste water plants, although this
varies across catchments. However, freshwater quality has declined due to the excessive clearing of
riparian vegetation, resulting in higher sediment and nutrient loads in SEQ waterways. Supported by
the Queensland Government (2009b) and Department of Environment and Resource Management
(2009).
Water quality and ecosystem services are being threatened, due to anthropogenic disturbances. Cross
regional planning instruments can be utilised to protect and conserve the regions resources, to monitor
water quality.
SEQ relies heavily on a number of key water catchment areas, which service the entire region.
Catchments need to be protected and rehabilitated from non-point source pollution, to ensure
continued use (Queensland Government, 2008).

Rapid development resulting in water resources becoming limited and vulnerable


South East Queensland is the largest growing metropolitan region in Australia, creating a demand
for infrastructure, recreation, and tourism (Healthy Waterways, 2014c). This requires extensive
development in order to meet infrastructure needs, thereby, placing demand on the region's water
resources and their management. Supported by the Department of Communication and Information,
Local Government, Planning and Sport (2000).

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CURRENT KEY ISSUES RELEVANT TO WATER IN THE REGIONAL LANDSCAPE

CONTESTED LANDSCAPE

CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT

WATER MANAGEMENT

To ensure an adequate supply of freshwater and groundwater for the regions population, water
resources need to be sustainably allocated to ensure their endurance.
Freshwater has been identified as a limited resource, which means alternative water resources
need to be managed and protected in order to ensure that they safeguard the SEQ region for future
water security. Since the millennium drought the Queensland Government has developed WaterQ: A
thirty year strategy for Queenslands Water Sector, which aims to effectively manage our natural
resources. The strategy aims to enhance efficiency by using waste and sewage treatment plants as
energy resources and innovating new technologies in order to improve the way we use water. Ground
water is found beneath the earth's surface and is replenished during rainfall. In SEQ ground water is
extracted for irrigation and domestic use. In past years drought conditions have also placed
groundwater resources under pressure. Supported by Department of Energy and Water Supply (2014)
and Department of Environment and Resource Management (2009).
There is significant nutrient run off from development areas into catchments resulting in nitrogen
phosphate poisoning of waterways. Developments need to be effectively managed to avoid the
degradation of these environments.
Nitrogen and phosphorous are plant nutrients which can become problematic when they enter
waterways excessively causing algae blooms. These nutrients can be picked up by storm water or water
from waste water treatment plants; which can also contain high levels of nutrients. Litter, including
plastics and cigarette butts is another major pollutant, which affects wildlife, aquatic habitats, and
water quality (Healthy Waterways, 2012). Supported by the Department of Communication and
Information, Local Government, Planning and Sport (2000) and Healthy Waterways (2010).
Water values in SEQ extend beyond the immediate use-value of resources. They also incorporate
stakeholder values. In order to preserve all of these use and non-use values, water needs to be
adequately managed based on a whole system approach.
SEQs regional landscape provides aesthetic, recreational, tourism, cultural, ecological,
hydrological, and natural resource value. Stakeholders including: State Governments, Local
Government, natural resource organisations, industry, community groups and traditional owners must
be considered when looking at the management of SEQs waterways. Supported by the Queensland
Government (2009b).

These key issues have indicated the need for a review of past and current management frameworks
for water in the region, to identify areas in need of improvement. They also acknowledged the importance
of a contemporary framework whose principles, policies, and actions would, upon implementation,
successfully manage water in the SEQ Regional Landscape and alleviate pressures on one of the worlds most
precious resources (United States Geological Survey [USGS], 2014b).

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3.0 Past Water and Natural Resource Management Initiatives


Water has long been managed in South East Queensland and is a key aspect of the regions natural
resources. In recent years the management of water has come a long way within the region. The past plans
and initiatives have been used as key guiding principles for the future management of this natural resource.
The following initiatives and plans have been used to manage the water resources of the region. Among all
plans it has been found that integrated long-term planning decisions are the best hope for ongoing and
effective water management.

3.1 Regional Frameworks for Growth Management


As a natural resource management initiative, the 2000 RFGM can be considered a comprehensive
management framework for water in the SEQ Regional Landscape. It highlights the importance and benefits
of effective water management by governments, and stipulates that successful growth management begins
with the successful allocation and protection of the regions water resources.
The 2000 RFGM is an amended edition of the original RFGM, released in 1994. However, the
understanding of the importance of water was dramatically developed in this time, resulting in the new plan,
which is currently in place today. In both RFGM initiatives, water was recognised as an important
environmental resource and notably, in the 2000 RFGM the link was made between water and the economic
growth of the region. Water was then linked to urban development, ecosystem services, climate change
mitigation, vegetation management, agriculture and the use of water to extract other natural resources,
including Coal Seam Gas. These links were noted within the 1994 RFGM but not adequately considered.
Within the framework of the 2000 RFGM, several water management strategies were proposed, to
encourage effective water management in SEQ for the future.
A key improvement of the RFGM initiative between the 1994 and 2000 plans was the introduction of
a governing body that would oversee most of the proposed policies. As some water management plans affect
large areas, the 2000 RFGM was able to ensure effective management through policy initiatives to be carried
out at both Local and State Government. Furthermore, some policy initiatives may require governing bodies
to work in collaboration with the community while others may not, and the RFGM defined these situations
as well (Table 2).

Table 2: Examples of Policy Proposals in the 2000 RFGM


GOVERNING BODY

POLICY INITIATIVES

STATE GOVERNMENT

Complete and implement an SEQ regional water quality management strategy


(SEQRWQMS)

STATE GOVERNMENT DEFINES


THE FOCUS AREAS, LOCAL
GOVERNMENT MANAGES
INDIVIDUAL CONSERVATION
PROJECTS

Make adequate provision of water for the environmental requirements of all


catchments in SEQ, through water resource auditing, planning and licensing
processes.
Prepare and implement water supply plans for consistency with the regional water
infrastructure plan and identify and protect existing and potential water supply
services in accordance with DNR guidelines
Ensure areas such as water conservation areas and extractive materials situated
close to urban environments are identified and protected in planning schemes

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GOVERNING BODY

POLICY INITIATIVES

STATE GOVERNMENT WITH


COMMUNITY INPUT TO
PINPOINT THE REAL ISSUES
FACING SOCIETY

Review viability and risks to existing and future water supply sources and storages
and develop appropriate strategies to resolve potential opportunities and
problems

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Develop and implement groundwater management plans for individual aquifers


within the region in accordance with the agriculture and resource management
council of Australia and New Zealand (ARMCANZ)
Prepare flood management guidelines for implementation through planning
schemes

COLLABORATION OF LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS AND
COMMUNITIES

Implement the environmental protection (water) policy and other programs


across the SEQ region in order to protect and manage the regions riverine, coastal
and groundwater quality

LOCAL GOVERNMENT,
CARRIED OUT BY COMMUITY
PARTICIPATION

Prepare and implement Water Resource Plans (WRPs) for all major catchments in
SEQ, with priority given to high growth and high demand areas

3.2 South East Queensland Regional Plan 2009-2031 and South East Queensland
Natural Resource Management Plan 2009-2031
The South East Queensland Regional Plan 2009-2031 aims to incorporate a range of initiatives that
benefit the region. The plan produces a number of aims and goals however, the plan is separated into several
sections, dedicated to informing the audience of the purposes of the plan. The vision for the region includes
addressing climate change and oil supply vulnerability, protection of the regional landscape, support rural
production, accommodating future residential and employment growth, facilitating growth in the west,
delivering smart growth, regional accessibility, building a series of strong identifiable communities, and
providing infrastructure and its service.
The SEQ plan also incorporates a number of desired outcomes of the region, identified as DROs. Each
DRO has actions that are implemented to achieve the best outcome for the region. There are eleven different
DROs listed in the regional plan, each DRO aims to achieve an outcome in social, environmental, cultural and
economic values.
The DROs of the SEQRP are similar to those of the targets and themes of the Natural Regional
Management Plan. The NRM targets and themes are twelve in total, including: air and atmosphere, coastal
and marine, community, land, nature conservation, regional landscape areas, water, and traditional owners.

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3.3 Other Relevant Plans in South East Queensland


Apart from the past planning initiatives and the SEQRP and SEQ NRM Plan, there are other plans
relevant to the management of water as a natural resource in the SEQ region. These include but are not
limited to the:

The Queensland Infrastructure Plan (QIP)


The South East Queensland Infrastructure Plan (SEQIP)
WaterQ: Queenslands 30-Year Strategy
The South East Queensland Water Strategy (SEQWS)
The South East Queensland Traditional Owner Cultural Resource Management Plan (SEQTOLSMA)

The Queensland Infrastructure Plan aims to improve the use of current and future infrastructure in the
state, including water infrastructure in SEQ. A main aim in the creation of this plan was to balance the needs
of Queensland against the available and the decreasing natural resources. To provide infrastructure to areas
that will support natural resource activity, such as SEQ. One of the focuses of the plan is to maximise safety,
reliability and connectivity during extreme weather events (Department of Local Government and Planning,
2011, p.9), stressing the importance of resilience against climate change and its predicted long-term effects.
Although this is a plan specific to the state of Queensland, the plan described the significant need in SEQ for
securing water for the future as, population growth will require additional security of water supplies
(Department of Local Government and Planning, 2011, p.86).
Priority infrastructure needs and areas for the SEQ region are identified in the SEQIPP, which stresses
the management of infrastructure for the supply and demand of water in the region (for current and future
infrastructure). The plan requires that water-intensive businesses must prepare a Water Efficiency
Management Plan. The plan identifies that water projects are to be undertaken with high priority, which
includes a recycled water and desalination plant. The SEQIPP also identifies the significant funding provided
by the Queensland Government to supply suitable infrastructure in the SEQ Regional Landscape.
The WaterQ document is guided by the Queensland Plan to provide guidelines in a five stage plan for
the conservation of water in the state of Queensland. It stresses areas of management in climate variability,
urban design, pollution and degraded catchments, lack of innovation and technology, population growth,
and responsible and productive use of water.
The SEQWS is a plan specific to the SEQ region but produced with the same purpose as WaterQ. It
follows a strict process for identifying issues surrounding water in the region and solutions for its sustainable
management (Figure 1). Some of the issues and management solutions identified by this plan include that:
The rural production areas of SEQ are facing challenges relating to affordable access to water
Water resources need to be managed on a total water-cycle basis
The need for plans to specify the following:
o The proportion of water allocated to the environment
o The amount of water already allocated for all uses
o The available water for future allocation and use
Recreation and lifestyle factors of amenity and landscape are important to consider when creating
management solutions for water
Possible solutions for education, and behaviour and training landscape managers and workers to
implement behaviour changes.

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Figure 1: Water Resource Planning in SEQ. Source: Queensland Water Commission (2010)

The SEQTOLSMA aims to engage Aboriginal Traditional Owners fully in the planning processes, at all
levels of government with alliances in the community. Therefore, SEQ Catchments were to create a
Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) to ensure Aboriginal recognition and Cultural Heritage Duty of Care
considerations are satisfied and implemented in plans relevant to SEQ. The plan recognised Integrated
Catchment Management as an engaging tool along with Traditional Owner input schemes (e.g. mapping of
sites and landscapes of cultural heritage significance).

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4.0 Strategic Policy Framework Options


After the comprehensive analysis of past and current plans and identification of key issues relating to
water in the SEQ Regional Landscape, The Sustainable Water Company selected to address these through
the creation of three strategic policy framework options. These options were based on three different
scenarios of population growth and climate change with varying assumption, which are described in the
following section. The overarching principles used for each option which are also integrated into the
preferred strategic policy (Section 5.0)

4.1 Relevant Planning Principles


These principles have been utilised throughout the policy creation process. Each of the three strategic
policy framework options incorporates an individual combination of the five. The preferred strategic
framework and consequential principles, policies and actions integrate all five to create the most beneficial
outcome for SEQ (Section 5.0).

4.1.1 The Principle of Subsidiarity


This principle suggests that the decisions made in a political system should be undertaken at the lowest
level of governance in order to implement adequate action, while providing a strong presumption in favour
of decentralization (Jordan, 2000; Jordan & Jeppesen, 2000; Minoia et al., 2009; Evans & Zimmermann, 2014).
The Subsidiarity Principle will influence the implementation of policies that will positively benefit a range of
issues relating to the SEQ region, in specific relation to the regional landscape. The key issues identified in
the SEQ region have been highlighted throughout the policy creation process to incorporate the subsidiarity
principle. This is due to the importance of local governance on issues in SEQ. The Subsidiarity principle is used
to incorporate the local population in the decision-making process, implementation, and monitoring.

4.1.2 The Precautionary Principle


The Precautionary Principle, is described as when action is taken to prevent serious or irreversible
threats to the environment, regardless of the scientific certainty (United Nations Environment Programme
(UNEP), 2015). Through incorporating this principle into policy design, decision makers can attempt to
alleviate potential negative effects social, environmental, economic and cultural values (Nash, 2010). The
principle will be incorporated into the implementation of actions for the policy which intends to improve the
quality of water sources. As the principle will determine the weaknesses identified in water issues and reduce
risk through the identification of uncertainty found in the water quality processes.

4.1.3 The Integration Principle


The Integration Principle identifies the necessity for short and long-term economic, social, and
environmental outcomes which occur during the decision-making process. These can be effectively
integrated to distinguish and develop a region through Strategic Regional Planning (Urbis, 2008). The
outcomes that the principle will highlight can be integrated into policy design and establish areas for further
improvement. These can include various cultural values, history, and natural systems.

Page | 17

4.1.4 The Principle of Ecological Sustainable Development


The Principle of Ecological Sustainable Development is to provide for the current society without
compromising the needs of future generations (Wang, Zha, & Lu, 2009). This principle will establish a level of
significance to the cross-regional issues of SEQ. As the principle will provide a framework that includes
planning instruments which implement a range of sustainable actions that aim to provide for current
generations without compromising the needs of future generations.

4.1.5 The Biodiversity Principle


The Principle of Biodiversity establishes that the intrinsic value of biological diversity and ecological
integrity should be a fundamental consideration in decision making and the characteristics of ecosystems
build on in the development and nurturing of healthy and sustainable urban and regional landscapes (Urbis,
2008, p.9). The biodiversity aims to conserve the biological diversity of ecosystems to sustain vital
components of the area. Therefore, through the incorporation of this principle into the policy framework, it
will fundamentally protect riparian vegetation in the SEQ Regional Landscape in catchment areas.

4.2 Strategic Policy Framework Options Summary


The following outlines the three strategic policy framework options that The Sustainable Water
Company created in order to address the issues identified in Section 2.2. After a review of these it was
decided that a combination of the three would be more beneficial for water management in the region. All
three of the following scenarios have the same assumptions with varying projections of population and
climate change. These assumptions are:

Birth rates
Death rates
Overseas migration rates
Interstate migration rates
Significant health epidemics
Climate predictions of temperature, sea level rise, carbon levels and severity of natural hazards

4.2.1 Current Population and Climate Change Framework


According to the South East Queensland Regional Plan 2009-2031 (SEQRP), the current projected
population by 2031 in the South East Queensland (SEQ) Region will be 4.6 million people. This framework
has been based on the current projection for climate change. If climate change continues to progress at a
rate that climate specialists predict, it will result in a slow rise in global temperature, slow rise in sea levels
and less common but greater intensity of natural hazards. As a result of these assumptions (Table 3), there
will be an influx of climate refugees. The effects of this scenario have been addressed through the
subsequent framework (Appendix A).

Page | 18

Table 3: Current Population Growth and Climate Change Framework Information


ASSUMPTIONS
Birth rates
Death rates
Overseas migration remains at the same rate
Interstate migration remains at the same rate
The current state of health in the region remains the same and there are
no significant health epidemics
The current intensity and occurrence of natural hazards remain the same
as they are currently

PRIORITIES
Water security
Land-use management
Water quality
Ecosystem management
Infrastructure and technology

The specifics on these assumptions can in Section 1.4.

The current SEQRP sets an urban footprint for the region (Map 2) in order to contain urban sprawl
and other associated effects.

Page | 19

Map 2: Current Population Growth and Climate Change Assumption. Source: Reformed from the Queensland
Government (2009b)

Page | 20

4.2.2 High Population and Severe Climate Change Framework


This framework (Appendix B) has been based on a higher than expected population growth and
climate change. As a result of this, the current urban footprint, outlined in the SEQRP, will require
amendment as described in Map 3. In this scenario, population growth would have caused the
development of a megalopolis, connecting population centres along the East coastline of Australia. In this
scenario, climate change is assumed to be worse than current predictions had indicated. Thereby,
indicating that natural hazards are expected to occur at a higher intensity and more often than compared
to current predictions. The assumptions and priorities of this scenario are described below (Table 4).

Table 4: High Population Growth and Severe Climate Change Framework Information
ASSUMPTIONS
High fertility rates
Low mortality rate
High overseas and interstate migration
No significant epidemics
Health rate stays constant to current predictions
Climate predictions of temperature, sea level and
severity of natural hazards are all higher than
currently predicted

PRIORITIES
Water security will be a significant issues ensuring
enough water is available to the public will be
difficult
Preservation of water resources in development
the creation of a megalopolis will ensure urban
sprawl becomes less of a problem in the future
Water quality will need to be constantly monitored
to protect the vital water resource
Ecosystem management ensuring planning
adequately manages the increased threat from
natural hazards
Infrastructure and technology utilising future
technology to ensure the best management of
water

Page | 21

Map 3: High Population Growth and Sever Climate Change Assumption. Source: Reformed from the
Queensland Government (2009b).

Page | 22

4.2.3 Low Population and No Climate Change Framework


A lower population prediction was used as a scenario in the development of this framework. As a
result, low density residential developments will occur more frequently than what are currently occurring
creating a lower urban footprint (Map 4). The possible effects of this framework are, urban sprawl with low
levels of congestion on roads. This scenario is based on the prediction that there is no climate change. This
would mean that the critiques were correct in saying that climate change was not real and no change has
occurred. Simply, the previous changes being seen were natural fluctuations of the climate which were
not related human activity. Assumptions and priorities associated with this scenario have been described
below (Table 5).

Table 5: Low Population Growth and Climate Change Framework Information


ASSUMPTIONS
Fertility rates remain constant
Overseas and interstate migration decreases
Mortality rates increase
Climate change sceptics were correct and the
natural occurrences on Earth are not affected by
human activities

PRIORITIES
Water security will be less of a priority with a
smaller population
Preservation of water resources is not necessary
for survival but is still planned for
Water quality
Infrastructure and technology is more important
to ensure that infrastructure is available to the
population without being over allocated

Page | 23

Map 4: Low Population Growth and Climate Change Assumption. Source: Reformed from the Queensland
Government (2009b).

Page | 24

4.2.4 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Analysis


The Sustainable Water Company conducted a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
(SWOT) analysis of the above three strategic policy framework options (Table 6). This analysis identified to
the team, the need to combine elements from each option to create a best practice framework and
associated principles, policies and actions.

LOW POPULAITON GROWTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE


FRAMEWORK

CURRENT POPULATION GROWTH AND CLIMATE


CHANGE FRAMEWORK

Table 6: SWOT Analysis of Strategic Policy Framework Options


STRENGTHS
Strong emphasis on
water conservation
Policies are planned
based on current
programs
Community
involvement in
many areas of the
framework
supports society
Sustainable focus
Flexible policies
Triple Bottom Line
Based on real
projections thereby
making it easier to
plan for the region

WEAKNESSES
Gaps in mitigation
for climate change
Minimal focus on
impacts of climate
change
Limited economic
resources to
implement the
framework

OPPORTUNITIES
Possibility for more
emphasis on
climate change
issues
Potential for more
depth into
conservation,
preservation and
restoration
initiatives.
Opportunities to
limit growth and
improve the
environment
Potential for
greater focus on
climate change
mitigation by
communities

THREATS
Natural hazards
have not been
adequately
planned for in
unforeseen
circumstances
Changes in
government may
change the
situation
Unpredictable
economy may limit
opportunities for
implementation

Water scarcity is a
less pressing issue
so it can be easily
managed
Existing
management tools
can be used
Triple bottom line
approach
Easier to
implement: less
population and less
environmental
threats
Easier to
incorporate the
community and
integrated
management

Water scarcity is a
less pressing issue
and can be easily
managed
Existing
management tools
can be used
Triple bottom line
approach
Easier to implement
less population
and less
environmental
threats
Easier to
incorporate he
community and
integrated
management

Unrealistic
expectations of
population growth
and climate change
Uncertainty over
the impacts of a low
population
Infrastructure and
restoration may
prove to be too
intense for the
situation

Predictions have a
degree of
uncertainty
incorporated into
the estimations
Threats to the
environment may
reduce the level of
significance the
environment has to
society, and thus
also the level of
management
People may become
more relaxed about
their water use and
become wasteful
and unsustainable

Page | 25

HIGH POPULATION GROWTH AND SEVERE CLIMATE CHANGE FRAMEWORK

STRENGTHS
Potential to use
community
engagement to
improve
environment
through
conservation
strategies more
people = more
change
The situation can
and has been
effectively planned
for, despite the
unrealistic
predictions
Effectively utilises
integrated
management
Emphasis on
development
management, less
on population
management no
limits to growth
High population and
effective
management
good economy
Creation of a
megalopolis
provides the
opportunity for
innovative urban
design

WEAKNESSES
Framework is
separated from the
economy does not
limit growth
There is uncertainty
of the effects of
climate change
thereby making it
difficult to plan for
the future
Current policies
being used to plan
for an alternative
future, may not be
adequate

OPPORTUNITIES
Technology in the
future may provide
opportunities for
new water
management
strategies
Changes in
government or wars
could cause a lack
of focus on issues

THREATS
Technology may not
progress quickly
enough to meet the
demands for
management
Unpredictability
may result in the
framework being
insufficient
Climate change may
become a bigger
issue than what was
planned before

Page | 26

5.0 Preferred Strategic Policy Framework


This section outlines the preferred strategic policy framework, which was derived as a combination
of all three options based on current population and climate change assumption (Section 4.2.1). From the
framework described, five principles for effectively managing water in the SEQ Regional Landscape were
developed along with supporting policies and actions. This section highlights the significance of each theme
or issue involved in the creation of this framework and the coinciding principles, policies and actions.

Page | 27

5.1 Preferred Strategic Policy Framework

Page | 28

5.2 Strategic Policy Themes


The following sections discusses the five different themes of the strategic framework, when
appropriately considered, will help effectively manage water in the SEQ Regional Landscape. These themes
include water security, land-use management, water quality, catchment management, and infrastructure
and technology. Each of these themes were identified through research conducted by The Sustainable Water
Company (Section 2.2) and best practice management approaches were identified for achieving the aims of
the principles outlined in this report (Section 5.3). The elements used to address each theme are identified
in Section 5.1.

5.2.1 Water Security


For the purpose of this study and to achieve the most beneficial outcome for residents in the SEQ
region, water security has been defined as the capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to
adequate quantities of acceptable quality water for sustaining livelihoods, human well-being, and socioeconomic and water related disasters, and for preserving ecosystems in a climate of peace and political
stability (UN-Water, 2014). Deller (2015) provides information on best practice management approaches
such as water allocation plans with sustainable yield limits. This theme is related to natural hazards as the
SEQRP identifies pressures on water resources are increasing with severe weather events (Queensland
Government, 2009b).

5.2.2 Land-Use Management


An understanding of the links between land use, land management practice and resource condition
supports on-ground decisions to change land management practice, and to support sustainable land-use
policies and programs (Department of Agriculture, 2015). Throughout this project, land-use has been
perceived as the uses and development of land in the area of study, which can be used for a variety of
purposes. Brown (2015) provides information on best management approaches for land-use, specific to
riparian vegetation protection from limiting anthropogenic disturbances in close proximity to water
resources. The regional landscape supports urban growth, rural production and productivity, recreational,
cultural, environmental and scenic amenity functions (Queensland Government, 2009b). These functions
are vital to the prosperity and liveability of the region and need to be conserved through the management
of land-use and development.

5.2.3 Water Quality


Sufficient water supply of appropriate quality is a key ingredient in the health and well-being of
humans and ecosystems, and for social and economic development. Water quality is becoming a global
concern of increasing significance, as risks of degradation translate directly into social economic impacts
(UN-Water, 2014). This section includes natural hazard best practice management as the effects on water
resources can be damaging to the livelihood of SEQ. The waterways within the SEQ region provide goods
and services, including: community well-being and economic, social, cultural and environmental values. The
effects of anthropogenic disturbances can impact on nutrients, waste, erosion, vegetation, wildlife and
biodiversity (Healthy Waterways, 2014).

Page | 29

5.2.4 Catchment Management


A sustainable future for our community through management of our natural environmental assets
(SEQ Catchments, 2012). A best practice management study was conducted by the team to identify
Community Based Environmental Management strategies useful to conserving catchments with a Total
Water Cycle Management (TWCM) approach. This approach will increase community involvement to
improve social, economic, environmental, and cultural values within catchments. The catchment areas
relevant to the SEQ region are identified above (Map 1).

5.2.5 Infrastructure and Technology


The great diversity in Queenslands water sector means there is no one size fits all solution. An
industry-led water innovation panel will help the sector find and apply the right technologies and guide
appropriate research into the challenges facing the sector (WaterQ, 2014). The Sustainable Water
Company believes that through the use of innovative and strategic approaches to infrastructure and
technology across all LGAs, water management in the SEQ Regional Landscape will be enhanced. According
to the Department of Energy and Water Supply (2015), technology and innovation are the key to ensuring
water is protected and managed in the SEQ Regional Landscape. In order to effectively plan for growth in
the region, we need to make provisions for future technology and infrastructure innovation.

Page | 30

5.3 Strategic Principles, Policies and Actions


Principle 1: Sustainably manage water supply and demand within the SEQ Regional Landscape to ensure water security.
Policy 1: Optimise
water usage and
allocation to
maintain the
resilience of the
regions resources
to ensure water
security.

Policy 2:
Adequately
consider the
supply of water to
the SEQ Regional
Landscape to avoid
water scarcity.
Page | 31

Principle 2: Effectively allocate land-uses to minimise anthropogenic impacts on water resources.

Policy 3: Control
land-use in SEQ to
preserve
waterways,
catchments,
wetlands,
estuaries, and
Moreton Bay.

Policy 4: Manage
development that
impacts on the
SEQ Regional
Landscape to
ensure water is
protected and
provided.

Page | 32

Principle 3: Improve water quality through the preservation of the Regional Landscape of SEQ.

Policy 5: Improve
water quality
through the
conservation and
protection of
waterways,
catchments,
wetlands,
estuaries, and
Moreton Bay.

Policy 6: Plan for


the negative
effects of
projected changes
in climate,
including natural
hazards.

Page | 33

Principle 4: Apply a whole catchment management approach to preserve and restore the SEQ Regional Landscape.

Policy 7: Manage
catchment areas in
the SEQ Regional
Landscape taking
into account water
quality and
quantity, aquatic
and terrestrial
biodiversity.

Page | 34

Principle 5: Utilise infrastructure and technology to maintain water management in the SEQ Regional Landscape and accommodate
for the future.

Policy 8: Ensure
infrastructure and
technology are
consistently
updated and
utilised to
maximise the
effective-ness of
water management
practices in SEQ.

Page | 35

5.4 Implementation Matters


As this framework and its associated principles, policies and actions are similar to current
frameworks in the SEQ region, there should be limited impacts as a result of implementation. One of the
issues that might arise with this framework is the emphasis towards environmental issues which may result
in differences in values and ideals. Due to the somewhat controversial understanding of climate change,
some stakeholders may disagree with the use of resources and time in addressing the issue. The estimated
population growth rate (4.6 million with varying factors explained in Section 1.3) will influence the policy
implementation process due to the possible trade-offs or environmental sacrifices the agencies may need
to take. As with any planning process, there is a level of uncertainty that this growth will be gradual and in
order to accommodate for this extremity, there may be backlash from stakeholders with strong
environmental views.

Page | 36

6.0 Conclusion
The Sustainable Water Company have proposed a framework for the management of water in the
SEQ Regional Landscape. Through a multi-phase study, this report has been constructed to justify the
preferred strategic policy framework and associated principles, policies and actions, which includes an
analysis of the area and its predominant features. This included an investigation into the key issues that
influence these features. The resulting framework proposed in this report is intended to alleviate pressures
on water resources in the regional landscape. Through community involvement, innovative and strategic
management approaches, the framework will be used to advise Regional Landscape and Open Space
Advisory Committee, on how to effective manage water in the South East Queensland Regional Landscape.
The regional framework proposes a series of principles, policies and action that address five key themes
related to water management in the regional landscape. It is intended to be implemented in conjunction
with other natural resource initiatives including the South East Queensland Regional Plan 20009-2031 and
the South East Queensland Natural Resource Management Plan 2009-2031.

Page | 37

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Appendices
Appendix A: Current Population Growth and Climate Change Framework

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Appendix B: High Population Growth and Severe Climate Change Framework

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Appendix C: Low Population Growth and No Climate Change Framework

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