BHASMIKARAN AND

STANDARDIZTION TECHNIQUE

DR. NILKANTH S. KHADTAR

M.D. (sch)
 Purushoym Lokasmmit: ….. || Ch. Sh.
5/4

 Elements IN Univerce = Body

Elements

 LohanamMaranam Srestham
Sarvesam Rasabhasmana||
CHRONOLOGY
In Vedic period:
 Atharvaveda :-Swarna(Dakshayani Hiranya) for internal
use
In Samhita Kala:
 CHARAK:-Lohadi Rasayana, Dwitiya Indrokta Rasayana
 SUSRUT:-Ayaskriti
 A. HRIDAY:-Anjana Nirmana with incinerate Of Sisaka,
Gandhaka ,Tamra, Haratala, Vanga and Anjana IN
Andhamusha
 7th century to 14th century:golden age of Rasashastra
 Rasarnava detailed description regarding the incineration method
DEFINATION
 Maran literally means killing

 The process which converts the purified metals

and minerals into Bhasma after subjecting them
to levigation (Bhavana) with Swarasa (Juice) and
Agni Samyoga (Puta) is called Marana
(incineration) Yadavji trikamji

 Marana is a process of transformation by which

purified and detoxified materials are transformed
into absorbable, adaptable and assimable form.
Objectives :

 Reduction in particle size.

 Elimination of certain unwanted elements.
 Transformation into suitable compound form.
 To make the material non-irritant to the G.I. tract.
 To increase potency and quality of the material.
 Conversion into absorbable, adaptable and
assimilable form.
 To make the material suitable for therapeutic uses.
ACCOUTREMENTS FOR MARANA
 Yantras
 Kharala Yantra - for Mardana and Bhavana
 Sarava Samputa - (putayantra)
 Andh Musa - Bhasma Yantra
 Kosthi

 Puta: Mahaputa , gajaput etc.

 Maraka Dravya: Herbal drugs,

Gandhak,Ariloha.
METHADOLOGY
1. Shodhana
2. Jarana
3. Bhavana
4. Chakrika Nirmana
5. Puta (Agni Samyoga)
6. Swangasheeta (Self-cooling
7. Kuttanam (pestling)
8. Samrakshana
 Shodhana :

 It is a process of purification and detoxification by

which physical and chemical impurities and toxic
materials are eliminated and substances are
subjected for further processing.
 It is the process bringing about physical and
chemical changes
 Eliminates :
 Natural impurities
 Physical impurities
 Chemical impurities
 Jarana :To obtain powder form of Putiloha

 Bhavana : process of wet grinding in which materials are

ground with particular liquid media for a specific period
facilitates in easy absorption or further processing.
 Cakrika: Agglomeration process that converts fine powders or
granules of bulk drugs into small free flowing spherical units
ranging in size from 0.5 to 1.5 mm.

 Puta: Device by which one can judge that Samyaka Paka of the
drug is occurred. This Paka is achieved by Agni created with
the help of Cowdung cakes.

 Swangasheeta (Self-cooling):
 Kuttanam (pestling):
 Samrakshana:
Significance of Marana Process
The process of Marana is having its own importance among all
other Kalpanas
Substance Substance after Marana
before Marana

Heaviness Lightness
Hardness Softness
Macroform Microform
Roughness Smoothness
Not assimilable More assimilable form
form
Not potent form More potent form ,Enhance the property of
substance,
Stable for longer time, Lesser dose required,
Rapid spreading through the body and
rapid relief
 CLASSICAL ANALYTICAL PARAMETERS OF
BHASMA
SrNo. Pattern of Property of Bhasmato Quality of Bhasma
examinatio be examined
n
Darshana General features Nishchandra (metallic
1 (inspection) ustreless)
Colour As per molecule

2 Sparsha(touc Mardana (rubbing)

h)
Rekhapurnata (filling the
furrows of inger tips)
Slakshnatvam (smoothness).
Anjanasannibha (as soft and
smooth as collirium)
Rasa (taste) Taste GataRasatva (tastelessness)
3
Special test Water test Varitara (floats on water
4 surface),Unam test.
contact with MitraPanchaka Apunarbhavata (irreversible to
original metallic state)
In contact with Rajata Niruttha (cannot be retrieved
Physicochemical parameters
Physical parameters Chemical parameters

Varitara Varna

Unam test, GataRasatvam ,

Rekhapurnata Nishchandratvam

Slakshnatvam Apunarbhavata

Susukshma , Niruttha

Anjana Sannibha . Nirdhumatvam

Analytical tests
Organoleptic characters:
 Sound : The Bhasma should have
imperceptible sound on grinding the Bhasma
between teeth.
 Colour : depends
 Touch - Soft ~ Imperceptible coarseness in
the Bhasma
 Taste - The Bhasma should be tasteless
 Odour - The Bhasma should be odourless
Physico-chemical parameters
 pH :

 Ash Value (AV):

 Acid Insoluble Ash (AIA) :

 Particle Size Distribution

 X-ray Diffraction

 Inductively Coupled Plasma - Emission

Spectroscopy

 UV-Visible Spectrophotometry