Benchmark#5:AnsweringYourResearchQuestions

DueDate:May13,2016

Directions:
UsingyourresearchandCornellNotes,use
thebest
informationyoufoundfrom
yoursourcestoansweryourresearchquestions.Followthestepsbelow:

1) CopyandpastethesourcesyouusedforyournotesintotheSourceboxandnumber
eachsource
2) Takethequestionsyouusedduringyourresearchandpasteonequestionintoeachrow
onthelefthandside
3) Answerthequestionsontherighthandsideofthetable(providesourcenumbersfor
whereyoufoundyouranswers)
4) Figureoutwhatyouandyourgroupstillneedstolearnandresearchmoreaboutand
whatnewquestionsyouhave.

Mr.RutherfordsExample:

Sources
1)
http://education.nationalgeographic.org/activity/technologyandcontrolancientrome/
http://education.nationalgeographic.org/activity/technologyandcontrolancientrome/
2)
http://rome.mrdonn.org/achievements.html
3)
http://rome.mrdonn.org/romanroads.html
4)
http://www.knowtheromans.co.uk/Categories/SubCatagories/Inventions/
5)
http://www.history.com/news/historylists/10innovationsthatbuiltancientrome
6)
http://www.historyforkids.net/romanscience.html
7)
http://www.scientiareview.org/pdfs/258.pdf
8)
http://www.ducksters.com/history/ancient_roman_engineering.php
9)
http://www.ngkids.co.uk/history/10factsabouttheancientRomans
10)
http://www.dkfindout.com/us/history/ancientrome/

QuestionsandAnswers:
1)Whatinventions/innovations TheRomansinventedandinnovatedaqueducts,roads,arches,
didtheancientRomans
amphitheatersandconcrete.(Sources1,3,5)TheRomansalso
create?
inventedandinnovatedsewersystemsandtheJulianCalendar
(Sources2,4)

Whatdoyoustillneedtolearnmoreabout?
Questionyoustillhave:

HowweretheRomaninventionsbuilt?
WhatmaterialsdidtheRomansusetobuildthese

Informationyoustillneedtolearn

Istillneedtolearnmoreabouthowthese
inventionsworkedandwhattheywereusedfor.

inventions

Ialsoneedtofindoutthecausesofbuildingthese
inventionsandinnovationsandtheeffectsthese
innovationshadonRomans.

YourWork

Sources
1.
http://www.paralumun.com/romewar.htm

2.
http://www.ancient.eu/Roman_Warfare

3.
http://www.tribunesandtriumphs.org/romanarmy/romanwars.htm

4. http://www.mrdowling.com/702rome.html
5. http://www.mrdowling.com/702punic.html
6. http://www.mrdowling.com/702caesar.html

7. http://www.ducksters.com/history/ancient_roman_wars_battles.php
8. http://www.ducksters.com/history/ancient_rome_army_legions.php
9. www.romanempire.net/army/tactics.html
10. http://www.ancientmilitary.com/romanweapons.htm
11. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VtLa2mWGMbI

HistoryTextbook

QuestionsandAnswers:
Questions

Answers(Source#)

Armain:Whatkindofwarstook
placeinancientRome?

Romefoughtahandfulofwarswhentheywerestillastrongand
powerfulculture.TheRomanshavehadcivilwars,warswithother
cultures,warsaboutresources,andwarsaboutcontrollingotherlands.
OneexampleofawarthatRomereallyfoughthardinarethePunic
wars.ThePunicwarswerethreewarsfoughtbetweenRomeand
Carthage.WhenthePunicwarsstarted,Carthagehadalotofproperty
likeNorthAfrica,alotofSpain,andapartofSicily.TheGreekcitiesin
southernItalyfoughtCarthageovertradingrightsbutwhenRome
conqueredtheGreekscities,thebattlewasdrawnwithCarthage.The
firstwarstartedin264B.C.E.Thebattlewasmostlyatsea.Thewars
lastedforaboutatleast40years.But,Romewasstrongduringallof

thesewarsandnevergaveup.(Source#1andTextbook)
Armain:Whatcausedsomany
warsinRome?

TheRomanshadalotofresourcesthathelpedthemexpandtheir
empireandmakethemmorestrongerandpowerful.Sometimes,those
resourcesstartedwarswithothercultures.Manycultureswanted
Romesresourcestomaketheirempirethemoststrongestandmost
powerfulcountryintheentireancientworld,liketheCarthage,the
Lusitaniantribes,andmore.ButRomedidntjustgivetheinvading
culturestheirresources.Theyfoughtandnevergaveup.Sometimes
Romewouldwin,andsometimes,Romewouldlose.Otherwarswere
causedbecauseofanabsentenceofastrongleader.Withoutastrong
leadertodefendhisorherkingdom,otherssawthisopportunityto
conquerRome.Romeeveninvadedotherculturestoo.Romegotmost
oftheirresourcesfromothercultureslikeGreece.Thereweremany
otherreasonswhythereweresomanywarscausedinRome,butthose
werejustsomebasicreasons.(Source#2and#4)

Armain:Whatkindofweapons
werecommonlyusedduringwars
inRome?

TheRomanswereverydemandingtogettheweaponsthatwere
effectiveandgreatwhenusingitinthebattlefield.TheRomanshada
varietyofweaponsattheirdisposalthatwereusedinwars.Some
examplesoftheweaponstheRomansusedduringwarswerethePilum
andScutum.ApilumisaRomanjavelinametaltipontop.AScutum
wasaRomanshieldwithapictureofaninsectonthesurfaceofthe
shield.ThereweremuchmoreweaponsusedbytheRomansoldiers
duringtimesofwarslikeGladius,aRomansword,theHasta,aRoman
spear,thePugio,aRomandagger,andmore.Theseweaponshavebeen
usedsincethefirstRomanwar,thefirstSamnitewar.(Source#1and
Source#10)

Armain:HowweretheRomans
affectedbywars?(Editedby
Maryo)

TheRomanswereaffectedbysomanywars.Sometimes,theeffect
wouldbegood,orsometimes,theeffectwouldbebad.TheRomans
wouldloselandsometimeswhenlosingawarandorgainlandby
winningawar.Theywouldalsogainotherthings.Oneexampleofawar
RomewonisthefirstMacedonianwar,wheretheresultwasRome
defeatingacultureandgainedmorerespectandsupplies.Oneexample
ofawartheRomanslostwouldbethebattleoftheAllia.Itwasawar
foughtbetweenRomeandtheCelts.Romenotonlylost,butAlliawas
destroyed,makingashadowoverRomanoGallicrelationsforthenext
400years.Soasyoucansee,sometimesgoodeffectstookplacein
Rome,andsometimesbadeffectstookplaceinRome.(Source#1and
HistoryTextbook)

Armain:WhydidtheRomanswant Romewantedtobethemoststrongestandmostpowerfulcultureinall
otherlands?
oftheancientworld.Butinordertodothat,theRomanswouldneed
moreterritorytoexpandtheirempireandgetmoresupplies.So,the
Romanswouldinvadeotherculturesandtaketheirterritoryand
resources.OneexamplewouldbethebattlebetweenGreeceandRome.

RomeinvadedGreeceandplannedtotakealltheirresourcesandmake
GreecepartoftheRomanempire.ButGreecefoughtbackandweren't
willingtogivethemselvesupandbepartofafalseempire.?But,Rome
destroyedSpartaandAthensandtooktheirterritoryandresources.This
madeRomeevenstrongerandmorepowerfulineveryway.Allinall,
Romewasastrongforceandwantedasmuchlandandresourcesas
possibletobethebestcultureinalloftheancientworld.
(Source#1)
Armain:WhatcultureswasRome
atoddswith?(EditedbyJesse)

TheRomanempirehadmanypowerfulenemieswhowantedtosee
Romecrumble.OthercultureswerejealousofRomesresourcesand
strongarmies.So,otherculturessawopportunitiestomakeRomanfall
sotheycangainalltheirresourcesandland.But,Romewasastrong
cultureanddidntfalleasily.WarswereevenstartedbecauseofRomes
enemies,liketheLatinwar.TheLatinwarwasawarbetweentheRoman
republicandtheLatinpeopleofancientItaly.Thewarlastedforabout2
yearsanditendedinadissolutionoftheLatinleague.Anotherwarthat
beganwithRomesenemiesisthethirdSamnitewar.Oneofthe
enemiesofRome,theSamnites,weretriedofpeaceandinvadedRome.
Itwasawarthatlastedfor9years.Butintheend,Romewonand
controlledalloftheItalianpeninsula.(Source#1)

Armain:HowdidRomewinso
manywars?

TheRomanshavewonsomanywars,thousandsofyearsago.Rome
woulduseeverythingtheyhadtodestroytheirenemyandwouldnever
giveup.ThesecrettoRomessuccessisbecauseoftheirimportant
factors.TheRomanshadgreattacticstousewhenbattlingafoe,like
battleformations.TheTortoise,theWedge,andtheOrbaregreatbattle
formationsusedduringRomanwars.Anotherimportantfactorwouldbe
]theplanning.TheRomanswouldplantheirattacksandmakesurethere
arenoflawsintheirplans.ThiswouldusuallyleadtoRomebecoming
victoriousinbattle.TherearemanymorereasonswhyRomewonalot
ofwars,butthosewerejustsomefactorsIlisted.Allinall,thatiswhy
Romewonsomanywars.(Source#3andSource#9)

Estivan:HowdidRomewintwoof
thePunicwars?

WhenallthePunicwarswereover,Romeconqueredalotoflands.It
conqueredthewesternregionoftheMediterranean.ThefirstPunicwar
startedin264B.C.E.andended23yearslaterin241B.C.E..TheRomans
inventedtheblueprintsoftheCarthage,(TheenemyRomewasbattling
duringthePunicwars)shipsandformsforsoldiers.Thiscausedthemto
ultimatelywin.Lateron,inthesecondPunicwar,theCarthageattacked
Italyheadon.AbrilliantCarthagegeneralnamedHannibalsurprisingly
attacksthem.Afterthat,Carthagehadtheupperhandforover15years
untiltheRomanswentandattackedhannibal'shomewhichthencaused
rometohavetheupperhandandwinthatwar.

Maryo:Whatweresomeofthe
battleformationsthattheRomans

OneonthebattleformationsthattheRomansusedwastheTortoise
formation.ThetortoiseformationwasusedinwarsbytheRomansto

usedinwars?

defendfromtheenemy'sfirepower.Anotherbattleformationthatthe
RomansusedwastheOrbformation.TheOrbformationiscreatedby
havingmultiplesoldiersformacirclewiththeirshields.Thatexplains
whyitiscalledtheOrbformation.Finally,thelastformationthatIlltalk
aboutistheWedgeformation.TheWedgeformationwasusedbythe
RomansRomansoldierswouldcometogethertomakeatriangle,and
thefronttipofthetrianglewouldbeattackingtheenemytroops.

Estivan:WhatdidRomelosewhen AfterRomewonallthePunicwarsitdidntjustwinitsfamilieslosta
thePunicwarswereover?
wholebunch.Familieswholostsoldiersinthebattleofwar.Nowafter
thathappenedevenmorelossescamein.Business.Peoplewithsmall
timebusinesseswerereplacedwithbiggerones.Thiscausedpeopleto
nothaveanyeconomyandwouldbeintrouble.
Jesse:Whattypeofwar
formationsdidtheromansuse
duringwars?Source#11

WellthetheRomanswouldgointotheTortoiseformationsotheywould
besafefromanyprojectileweaponsbuttheonlyplacetheywouldbe
abletogetthemwhentheyareintheTortoiseisintheeye.

Jesse:Whattypeofweaponsdid
theromansuseforwar?Source
#11

Maryo:Whatwasoneofthe
OneoftheweaponsusedbyRomansinwarswasaPilum.ThePilumis
dangerousweaponsRomansused aweaponwithaextremelydangerousmetaltipandhasafewinchesof
inwars?
bentwoodenrod.Basically,itwasaRomanspear.Pilumsweremostly
usedinwarsinRomanhistoryandhavebeenaneffectiveweaponfor
theRomans.Spearswereoneofthemostcommonlyusedinwarssuch
asthethreePunicwars,thePyrrhicwar,andmanymorewarsinRoman
history.
Maryo:HowdidRomehave
Dissolutionsandwithwhomdid
theyhaveDissolutions?

Dissolutionistheendsofapartnership.InRomanhistory,therewasa
lotofdissolutionsbetweenmanyleadersandotherpedestriansin
Rome.ManywarswouldbecausedinRomebecauseofdissolutions
betweenleadersofRome.Dissolutionsbetweenleadersorconquerors
ofRomewouldcausemanywars.

ADDMOREROWSFORQUESTIONSIFYOUNEEDTO.

Whatdoyoustillneedtolearnmoreabout?
Questionsyoustillhave:

WeretherereligiousRomangodsthathad
anythingtodowithRomanwars?
DidRomanevertradeothersupplieswith
otherculturesforweapons?
WhowereRomesalliesduringtimesof
warforRome?

Informationyoustillneedtolearn

TheRomansgodsorgoddessesthatwereconnectedto
warsinRome.
ThealliesoftheRomansduringwars.
WhatwarstheRomanslostthousandsofyearsago.