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Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI

Merging man and maths

Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 1.0.1

Page 385

IMPORTANT FORMULAS
The Law of Cosine
a2 b2 c2 2bc cos
c2 a 2 b2 2ab cos
b2 c 2 a 2
cos
2bc

b2 c2 a 2 2ca cos
c 2 a 2 b2
cos
2ca

a 2 b2 c 2
cos
2ab

.
.

The Law of Sine

a
b
c

sin sin sin

.
.

The Law of Tangent

a b tan 2

a b tan
2

b c tan 2

b c tan
2

c a tan 2

c a tan
2

.
.

Half Angle Formulas

( s b)( s c)

( s c)( s a)
sin
sin
2
bc
2
ca

s ( s a)

s ( s b)
cos
cos
2
bc
2
ac

( s b)( s c)

( s c)( s a)
tan
tan
2
s ( s a)
2
s ( s b)
abc
where s
2s a b c
2

( s a)( s b)
2
ab

s ( s c)
cos
2
ab

( s a)( s b)
tan
2
s ( s c)

sin

.
.

Area of the Triangle ( )

1
1
1
bc sin ca sin ab sin
2
2
2
2
2
a sin sin b sin sin c 2 sin sin

2sin
2sin
2sin
s (s a)(s b)(s c)

(Heros Formula)

.
.

FSc-I - 12.8 - 2

Circum Radius ( R )
a
b
c
R

2sin 2sin 2sin

abc
4

.
.

In-Radius ( = r )

r
s
.
.

Escribed Circle

r1
sa

r2

s b

r3

sc

.
.

Question # 1
R.H.S 4 R sin

sin

sin

2
2
2
( s b)( s c) ( s a)( s c) ( s a)( s b)
4R
bc
ac
ab
( s b)( s c)( s a)( s c)( s a)( s b)
4R
(bc)(ac)(ab)

( s a ) 2 ( s b) 2 ( s c ) 2
4R
a 2b2c 2
( s a)( s b)( s c)
4R
abc
abc ( s a)( s b)( s c)
4

abc
4
( s a)( s b)( s c)
s( s a)( s b)( s c)

s
2

s (s a)( s b)( s c)

r = L.H.S
s

Question # 1 (ii)
R.H.S 4 R cos

cos

cos

2
2
2
s ( s a ) s ( s b) s ( s c )
4R
bc
ac
ab

abc
4

FSc-I - 12.8 - 3

s 2 s( s a)( s b)( s c)
4R
(bc)(ac)(ab)
4R

a sin

abc
4
s
4 abc

s
abc

abc
4

= L.H.S

Question # 2
We take
a sin

s2 2
4R 2 2 2
abc

sin

sec

a sin

sin

2 cos
2
( s a)( s c) ( s a)( s b)
a
ac
ab
2

1
s(s a)
bc
bc
s(s a)

( s a)( s c)
ac

( s a)( s b)
ab

( s a)( s c)( s a)( s b)(bc)

(ac)(ab) s ( s a)

( s a)( s b)( s c)
a2s

s( s a)( s b)( s c)

s
as

s( s a)( s b)( s c)
a2 s2

r . (i)
2
2
2
Similarly prove yourself

b sin
c sin

sin

sin
sin

sec

sec
sec

2
2
2
From (i), (ii) and (iii)
r a sin

sin

Question # 3 (i)
R.H.S = 4 R sin

r . (ii)

*Correction

r . (iii)

*Correction

sec

cos

b sin

cos

2
2
( s b)( s c)
4R
bc

sin

sec

c sin

2
s ( s b)
ac

s ( s c)
ab

sin

sec

FSc-I - 12.8 - 4

s 2 ( s b) 2 ( s c ) 2
( s b)( s c) s ( s b) s ( s c)
4R
4R
a 2b 2 c 2
(bc)(ac)(ab)
abc
abc s (s b)(s c) (s a )
s ( s b)( s c)
4

R
4R
4
abc
( s a)
4
abc
s ( s a)( s b)( s c)

( s a)

r1 = R.H.S

( s a)
( s a)

Question # 3 (ii) & (iii)

Do yourself
Question # 4 (i)
R.H.S = s tan

2
( s b)( s c)
( s b)( s c) s ( s a)
s
s

s ( s a)
s ( s a)
s (s a)
s

s ( s a)( s b)( s c)
s 2 (s a)2

r1 = L.H.S

s 2 ( s a)2
s ( s a)
( s a)

Question # 4 (ii) & (iii)

Do yourself
Question # 5 (i)
L.H.S = r1 r2 r2 r3 r3 r1

a
s

b
s

b
s

s c s a
2
2
2

( s a)( s b) ( s b)( s c) ( s c)( s a)

1
1
1
2

( s a)( s b) ( s b)( s c) ( s c)( s a)

3s a b c
s c s a s b
2
2

( s a)( s b)( s c)
( s a)( s b)( s c)

3s 2s
2

( s a)( s b)( s c)

abc
2

FSc-I - 12.8 - 5

s
s
2

( s a)( s b)( s c) s
2

s2
2
2 s
2

2 s = R.H.S
s ( s a)( s b)( s c)

Quesiton # 5 (ii)
L.H.S = r r1 r2 r3

s s a s b s c
4
4
2 2 = R.H.S

s ( s a)( s b)( s c)
Question # 5 (iii)
L.H.S r1 r2 r3 r
1
1
1

s a s b s c s
s a s b s c s
( s b) ( s a )
2s b a
s ( s c)
ssc

s ( s c)
( s a)( s b)
( s a)( s b) s( s c)
a bcba
c
2s a b c

(
s

a
)(
s

b
)
s
(
s

c
)

c
c
1
1

( s a)( s b) s( s c)
( s a)( s b) s( s c)

s 2 sc s 2 as bs ab
s ( s c) ( s a)( s b)
c

c
2
s ( s a)( s b)( s c)

2s 2 s(a b c) ab
2s 2 s(2s) ab
c

2s 2 2s 2 ab abc
abc
4
c
4R = R.H.S

Question # 5 (iv)

L.H.S =

s a s b s c
3
s 3

( s a)( s b)( s c) s ( s a)( s b)( s c)

FSc-I - 12.8 - 6

s 3
s s2
s2 r
2

r s 2 = R.H.S

Question # 6
(i) a 13 , b 14 , c 15
a b c 13 14 15
s

21
2
2
s a 21 13 8
s b 21 14 7
s c 21 15 6
So s (s a)(s b)(s c)
21(8)(7)(6) 7056 84

Now
abc (13)(14)(15)
8.125

4
4(84)
84

4
r
21
s

84
r1

10.5
sa 8

84
r2

12
s b 7

84
r3

12
sc 6
R

(ii)

Do yourself as (i)

Question # 7
(i)
Do yourself as (ii)
(ii) In equilateral triangle all the sides are equal so a b c
abc
aaa
3a
s

2
2
2
3a
1
3
sa
a 1 a a
2
2
2
Now
s (s a)(s b)(s c)
s (s a)(s a)(s a) s ( s a)
3a a 3
3a 4

2 8
16

3 a2

3a 1

a
2 2

FSc-I - 12.8 - 7

Now

r
s

3 a2

3 a2 2
3a

4
3a
6

4
3a

2
3a
abc
a
a
3
a a a

2
4
3
3
3 3
4 3a
4
3a 2
3a

3 a2 2
4

r1

1a
2
sa
4
a
2
3a

r2

2
s b
sa
3a

r3

2
sc
sa

Now
3a
:
6
1

:
6
1 :

3a
:
3
1
:
3
2 :

r : R : r1 : r 2 : r 3

Question # 8
(i) R.H.S r 2 cot
r2

2
1

tan

r2

cot

2
1

tan

cot

3a
:
2
1
:
2
3 :

3a
:
2
1
:
2
3 :

3a
2
1
2
3

ing by

ing by 6

2
1

tan

1
1
1

( s b)( s c)
( s a)( s c)
( s a)( s b)
s ( s a)
s ( s b)
s (s c)

r2

s ( s a)
s ( s b)
s (s c)

( s b)( s c) ( s a)( s c) ( s a)( s b)

s 3 ( s a)( s b)( s c)
( s a ) 2 ( s b) 2 ( s c ) 2

s3
s

r2
( s a)( s b)( s c) s

s4
2

s3
( s a)( s b)( s c)
s4
s ( s a)( s b)( s c)

2
s2
s

r

s
2

3a

FSc-I - 12.8 - 8

(ii)

2 s2
= L.H.S
s2

Do yourself

(iii) R.H.S = 4 Rr cos

4 Rr
4 Rr

cos

cos

2
2
2
s ( s a ) s ( s b) s ( s c )

bc
ca
ab
s ( s a ) s ( s b) s ( s c )
(bc)(ac)(ab)

s 2 s ( s a)( s b)( s c)
s2 2
4 Rr
4 Rr
a 2b2c 2
a 2b 2 c 2
s
abc s
4 Rr
4
= L.H.S

abc
4 s abc

Question # 9
(i) L.H.S

1
2s
abc
4s

abc
abc
abc
2 abc
2

s 4
a
b
c

abc abc abc

1
1
1
1
1
1
= R.H.S

bc ac ab
ab bc ca
1 1 1
R.H.S
r1 r2 r3
1
1
1
s a s b s c

s a s b s c
s a s b s c 3s (a b c)

3s 2s

2s a b c

1
s
1

= L.H.S

r
s

(ii)

1
2r R
2s a b c

FSc-I - 12.8 - 9

Question # 10
a sin

We take

cos

sin

1
2 a sin sin
2
2 cos
2
Now see Question # 2

Question # 11
L.H.S abc sin sin sin
1
1
1
Since ab sin bc sin ca sin
2
2
2
2
2
2
, sin
, sin
sin
ab
bc
ca
2 2 2
Thus L.H.S abc

bc ac ab
2a 2b 2c
abc
2a 2b 2c
abc

2s a b c
2 a b c 2(2s)
4s = R.H.S
Question # 12 (i)
L.H.S (r1 r2 ) tan

2
( s a)( s b)

s ( s c)
s a s b
( s b) ( s a) ( s a)( s b) s ( s c)

s ( s c)
s ( s c)
( s a)( s b)
s b s a s (s a )(s b)(s c)

s 2 ( s c) 2
( s a)( s b)

2s a b
2

2
2
( s a)( s b) s ( s c)
a bc a b

( s a)( s b) s( s c)

2s a b c

2c
2c
2 c = R.H.S

s( s a)( s b)( s c)

(ii) L.H.S r3 r cot

*Correction

FSc-I - 12.8 - 10

1
1
1

1

s c s tan 2
s c s ( s a)( s b)
s ( s c)
s ( s c)
c
s ( s c)
s ( s c)
s (s c)

s ( s c) ( s a)( s b)
s ( s c) ( s a)( s b) s ( s c)

c
c s 2 ( s c) 2
s 2 ( s c) 2

s
(
s

c
)
s
(
s

a
)(
s

b
)(
s

c
)
2

s ( s c)
c s ( s c)
c = R.H.S

s ( s c)

If you found any error, submit at

http://www.mathcity.org/error
Error Analyst
Muhammad Tayyab (CTI): Govt Degree College Daska (2014-15)

Tuesday, March 22, 2005

Updated: March 12, 2014