AllPartnersnames:Jaelyn,Caroline,Julia,Colleen

DateofExperiment:
DateofLaboratoryReport:

TitleofExperiment

(REMEMBER:DontuseIYOUWEOURorMYUsetheitaandthis.)

INTRODUCTION

Inthisexperiment,differenttypesofstoneswillbebeingtestedtoseewhattypestandsbestwithacidrain.The
differentstonesthatarebeingtestedarelimestone,marble,andgranite.Thesestoneswillbesoakedinanacidic
substance(vinegar)toseewhichstonehastheleastamountofchangeinmass.Thisexperimentwillshowpeople
suchascarpenterswhatstoneisbestusedforharshweathers.

DONOTSUMMARIZETHEPROCEDURE
DONOTCOPYTHEBACKGROUNDFROMANYLABHANDOUT
PROBLEM
Whatistheeffectofthetypeofstoneonthechangeinmassofthestonewhensoakedinvinegarforaperiodof
time.

HYPOTHESIS
Ifthetypeofstoneisgranite,thenthechangeinmassofthestonewhensoakedinacidicconditionswilldecrease
themostbecausemarblewillnotresistchemicalweathering.

VARIABLES
IndependentVariable:
Typeofstone(limestone,granite,marble)
DependentVariable:
Changeinmassofstone(grams)
Constants:
Allrockspresoakedindistilledwater
Volumeofvinegar(100mL)
VinegarpH
startingmassofmaterials(50g+/3g)
timesoaked(2days)
Control:
allmaterialsaresoakedin100mLofdistilledwaterfor2days.pHofwatershouldbe7.

MATERIALS

Limestone
Marble
Granite
250mLbeakers
GraduatedCylinder
DistilledVinegar(AceticAcid)
pHindicator
pHmeter(digital)
DistilledWater
Digitalscale
4Papertowels

SAFETY

weargoggles
waftinsteadofsmell
donotingestanychemicals
wearyourhairup
placerocksamplesgentlyintoglassware

PROCEDURE
1. Presoakallrocksamplesindistilledwaterfor24hoursminimum
2. Chooseasampleofrockfromthedistilledwaterandpatdrywithapapertowel
3. Placetherocksampleonthezeroedscale.Addorremoverocksamplesuntilthetotalmassreaches50g
(+/3g)
4. RecordinitialmassofthesampleDataTable1
5. Placetherocksampleintotheproperlylabeled250mLbeaker
6. Usingagraduatedcylinder,measureout100mLofvinegarandpourintothelabeledbeakercontaining
therocksample.(Replacevinegarwithdistilledwaterforcontrol)
7. Pourasmallsampleofvinegarandasmallsampleofdistilledwaterintotwoseparatebeakers(fromtheir
originalsamples)
8. MeasureeachsolutionspHwithadigitalpHmeterandwith5dropsofUniversalindicatorsolution
(usethecolorchartprovidedtodeterminetheinitialpHcolor).
9. RecordinitialpHandinitialpHcolorinDataTable1.
10. Allowthesamplestosoakfortwodays.
11. Removeallsamplesfromthesolutionusingtweezersandplacethemondrypapertowels.
12. Patallsamplesdrywithanewpapertowel.
13. Placeallsamplesonazeroedscale.
14. RecordthefinalmassofthesamplesinDataTable1.
15. Repeatsteps8and9using10dropsofUniversalIndicator.

CLEANINGPROCEDURE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Returnallrocksamplestothecorrectbeakerbythescales.
Discardofsolutioninthewastebeakerinthehood.
Removetapefrombeakerandthrowaway.
Washanddrybeakerandtweezersandreturntolabcart.
Discardofpapertowelsinthetrashbin.
Washhandswithsoapandwater.
Returngogglestocabinet.
Standatyourlabtableforsafetycheckbyteacher

RESULTS

DataTable1:AverageWeightforPacificSalmonSpecies
SalmonSpecies
King
Sockeye
Silver
Chum
Humpback

AverageWeight(lbs)
15
8
12
15
5


Theabovedatatableisanexampleofhowyoursshouldbeformatted.Youcancopyandpastethetablefroma
googlesheetsfile.Makesureyourdatatablehasa
descriptive

title
,
headings(withunits),andalldata(nounitsin
thetableitself)
.Datatablesshouldbeformattedonthepageneatly(
directlybelowtheirtitle,cleartext,large
enoughtosee,inthecorrectsection/orderofthereport,notsplitormissingcolumnsonanotherpage,etc
).

Calculations
Describehowthecalculationswereperformed.Forexample,someonewoulddescribetheexamplebelowby
saying:
theaverageofalltrialswascalculatedbytakingthesumofalltrialsanddividingbythenumberoftrials
(seecalculationbelow).
Then,providetheformulaandonesamplecalculation.

Forexample:

Formula:Trial1+Trial2+Trial3+=Total#ofTrials=Average
Calculation:5+4+5+6=204=5(lbs)

Graph1:AverageWeightforPacificSalmonSpecies

Youcancopyandpastethegraphfromanexcelfileorfromagooglesheetsfile.Besurethatthegraphhasa
descriptivetitle
,XandY
axislabels

withunits
,
correcttype
ofgraphisused(bar,line,orscatter),andhasaclear
andcorrect
legend
.Graphsshouldbeformattedonthepageneatly(
directlybelowtheirtitle,cleartext,large
enoughtosee,inthecorrectsection/orderofthereport,notsplitormissinglabelsonanotherpage,etc
).

CONCLUSION
Usetheparagraphdescriptionsbelowtohelpyououtlineadetailedconclusion.Leave12spacesbetweeneach
section(claim,data,andexplanation)forclearerformatting.

Whatistheeffectofthetypeofstoneonthestoneschangeinmasswhensoakedinvinegarforaperiodoftime?
Thehypothesisofthisexperimentsuggeststhatifthetypeofstoneisgranite,thenthechangeinmassofthestone
whensoakedinacidicconditionswilldecreasethemostbecausemarblewillnotresistchemicalweathering.Inthe
experiment.Thedatashowsthattherock,granitestartedatamassof49.7thenendedat49.6whenbeingsoakedin
vinigearfor24hours,whengraintiewassoakedinwaterfor24hoursitstartedat50.7andendedat50.8.Alsothe
phbalancestartedat

Supportwithdata(3ormoresentences):
First,
explainALLdata
(numbers)fromthedatatable&graphthat
ledto
eithersupporting

orrejectingthehypothesis.
ItisOKtorejectthehypothesisbutyouhavetosupportitwith
DATA.Refertothegraphasevidencetobackupyourjudgmentaboutthehypothesis.
Forexample,Thedata


tableshowsthatkingsalmonandchumweigh,onaverage,15pounds,butsilverfishweigh12pounds,sockeye
weigh8pounds,andhumpbackweigh5poundsonaverage.Thisdoesnotsupportthehypothesisthatallpacific
salmonweighthesamebecauseeachofthespeciesmeasuredshowedadifferentaverageweight.Theonly
exceptionwaskingsalmonandchum,whichbothwerefoundtohaveanaverageweightof15pounds.
If
available,comparetheclassdatatoyourdata.Arethereanyoutliers(trialswhichseemnottofollowatrend)?Ifso,
providealogicalreasonastowhythisdatashouldorshouldnotberemovedfromthesetandwhatcouldhave
causedittobeanoutlier.Inthiscase,youwouldsay
therearenoobviousoutliersinthedata.

Explainthescientificreasoning(3ormoresentences):

Inthis(
MOSTIMPORTANT)
section,useyour
understandingofthe
scientificconcept
ofthislabtoexplainwhatthedataissaying,evenifyourhypothesiswas
unsupported.Forexample,

Kingsalmonandchumsalmonweighsignificantlymorethanhumpbacksalmon
becausetheirmatinghabitsdiffersignificantly.Kingandchumsalmonarerequiredtotravelafartherdistanceto
mateandtherefore,haveevolvedastheneedforsizeandstrengthbecamenecessaryforthemtomatesuccessfully.
Humpbacksalmontravelashorterdistancetomateandalsotravelupsmallerstreams,requiringthemtobe
smallerinsizetomate.Thisexplainsclearlywhykingandchumsalmonwouldweigh15poundsonaverageand
humpbacksalmonwouldweighonly5poundsonaverage.
Inotherwords,explain,usingscientificconcepts,the
whytheresultswerewhattheywere.(Thisiswheretheclassnotes,becausestatements,andbackgroundresearch
relatetothedatathatwascollected)

VALIDITY
Usetheparagraphdescriptionsbelowtohelpyououtlineaclearevaluationofthedatasvalidity.Usethenotes
youjotteddownafterlabtohelpyoubrainstorm.Leave12spacesbetweeneachsection(improvementsand
constants)forclearerformatting.

Improvementwithexplanations:
Tomakethisexperimentmorevalid,thestoneshouldhavebeensoakedinvinegaroutsidesoitcould
experienceactualweatheringalongwiththevinegar.Thiswouldhaveshowthatthestonecanholdupinharsh
whetherevenmorebecauseitwouldbeexperiencingrealwhetherinsteadofcreatedweatheringQuestionthat
shouldbeaskedinthisexperimentisifthestonewascompletelycleanwithnoweatheringsubstanceonitbefore
thisexperimentwasstarted.Ifthestonehadalreadyexperiencedharshweatheringrecently,itcouldbeaweaker
stoneandhavealesserchanceofholdingupinthevinegar.Ifso,thechangeinmassofthestonefromstartto
finishwouldbedifferent.Ifthestoneisweak,itwillslowlybreakapartanddecaymakingitevenweakercausing
thechangeinmasstodecreasedramatically.
Thestartingmassofeachrockisheldconstant.Ifthiswasnotconstant,eachstonewouldhaveavery
differentchangeinmassfromonerocktotheother.Thetimesoakedwas2days.Thiswasheldconstantbecauseit
increasesthevalidity.Ifonestonewassoakedforalongerperiodoftime,itcoulddecreaseinmassmorethanthe
otherstone.AnothervariablethatisheldconstantisthevinegarspH.ifonevinegarismoreacidicthantheother,
theresultswillvary.Themoreacidic,themoredecreaseinmasstherockwillhave.Thelessacidic,theless
decreaseinmasstherockwillhave.Tokeepitvalid,thepHofthesubstance(vinegar)isheldconstant.