Professional Documents
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A B D
Location of any Weld is its Category
Weld Categories
Category = Location
Categories in a Cylinderical Shell
Categories in a Head
Ii is not Permitted to
Have a Straight
Flange on a
Hemispherical Head
Nozzle Installed in a Chamber
Category = Location
Definition of Stress: S
Me
ta l Ba Area A
r
Force F
Force F
Stress = S =
Area A
Simple Stress Calculation
W
H
W = 15 mm
F 6 000 N
H = 10 mm S= = =2 40 N/mm 2
F = 6 000 N A 15 x 10 mm
CALCULATING FORCE
FORCE
STRESS =
AREA
CHANGING THE FORMULA AROUND TO FIND FORCE
BREAKS
Note the Similarity
E = 1.00
E = < 1.00
JOINT EFFICIENCY E
BY USING RADIOGRAPHY
1 WELD TYPE
2 DEGREE OF RADIOGRAPHY
TYPE 1
TYPE 1
TYPE 1
TYPE 1
THEREFORE……….
LET US LOOK AT FULL RADIOGRAPHY
NO XRAY SPOT
TYPE 1
FULL FULL
FULL FULL
E = 1,0
E = 1,0
E = 0,85
E = 0,85
REMEMBER UW-11(a)(5)(b)
NONE FULL
NO CATEGORY A WELD
NO CATEGORY A WELD
UW-12(d) SAYS:
“SEAMLESS VESSEL SECTIONS OR HEADS SHALL BE
CONSIDERED EQUIVALENT TO WELDED PARTS IN
WHICH ALL CATEGORY A WELDS ARE TYPE
1…..WHEN THE SPOT RADIOGRAPHY OF UW-
11(a)(5)(b) REQUIREMENTS ARE MET……”
CONSIDER A SEAMLESS COMPONENT
SPOT NONE
NO CATEGORY A WELD
E = 0,85
E= 1,0 E = 0,85
CONSIDER A SEAMLESS COMPONENT
NO CATEGORY A WELDS
UW-2 SAYS:
“… ALL BUTT WELDED JOINTS SHALL BE FULLY
RADIOGRAPHE, EXCEPT UNDER PROVISION OS UW-
2(a)(2) AND UW-2(a)(3) BELOW AND UW-4(a)(4)….”