SHIP RESPONSE TO WAVES

Types of waves:
1. Incident waves
2. Diffracted waves
3. Radiated waves
INCIDENT WAVE:
Wave which is already present in the open sea, propagating in a particular direction . it is also called as an
Ambient wave.
DIFFRACTED WAVE:
size.

Diffraction of waves involve a change in direction of waves as they pass through an object of considerable

RADIATED WAVES:
It is the wave generated by the object upon which the incident wave acts. It is also called as body
generated wave.

Let us consider a body of mass m floating on the free surface of water of density .
Now , force equation of the body in Z direction is ;
m z =F Z

............. (1)

Forces in Z direction responsible for heave are :

1. Weight ( W) acting vertically downwards.
2. Buoyancy ( B O ) acting vertically upwards at the equilibrium position.
3. Change in buoyancy due to heave

in vertically upwards.

4. Incident wave force.

5. Diffraction wave force.
6. Radiated wave force.
m z =W +B O +B +W incident + W diffracted +W radiated
m z = gAZ+ W incident +W radiated

( since W = BO

............. (2)

and diffracted wave force is neglected for very small objects

m z = gAZ+ W exciting z z

On rearranging the equation, we get,

i.e., L <<

m+ z gAZ+ z =W exciting

Where,

............. (3)

isadded mass ,
is damping coefficient ,

( m+ is virtual mass .

W exciting forc e isthe FroudeKrylov force

P=g

H cosh k ( z +h) i(kxt )

.
.e
2
cosh kh

Now integrating the pressure over the water plane area A, we get,
W exciting =g

H cosh k (d +h) it
.
.e . A
2
cosh kh

............. (4)

Taking deep water condition,

2=gk

Where,
On substituting eq. 4in eq. 3, we get
H cosh k (d +h) it
.e . A
cosh kh

( m+ z gAZ + z =g 2 .
Now,

it
z= z . e

and

it
F = F .e

z is the first derivative of zz is the second derivative of z

k=

z =z eit . (i )
z =z eit . ( 2 )

We get ,

[ 2 ( m+ )i + gA] z . eit =F eit

(
[ 2 m+ ) + gA]i
F
z=

| z response amplitude oprator

| z

=tan1

z can be written as

zI
zR

2
R

+ zI2

z =

F
RiI

After rationalisation we get,

z =

F R+ i F I
2
2
R +I

CALCULATION: (from VUGTS experiment)

ADDED MASS COEFFICIENT:

COEFFICIENT:

DAMPING

Where a33 is added mass coefficient and b33 is damping coefficient.

Values of the coefficient are taken from the graph for corresponding frequencies.
Given details :
Length = 10 m
Draft = 2 m
Breadth = 4 m
Wave height = 2 m
Amplitude= 1m
Frequencies ranging from 0.1 rad /sec to 2 rad/sec.

Response amplitude operator vs frequency