ResearchExperiment:Testingwhethercolorofcandyaffectspreference

ChelseaZerbe&ElizabethSoto

Abstract
Inthisresearchproject,wesetouttofindifcolorplaysaroleinouroverallpreferenceof
things,specificallyinthisexperiment,candy.Thiswaschosenbecauseitwasinterestingto
noticethatmostpeoplegravitatetowardacertaincolorofcandyfirstwhengiventheoption.
Evenwhenthecandydoesnthavedifferentflavors(i.e.M&Ms),peopleareattractedtocertain
colors.Ourmethodofgatheringevidencetosupportthiswasbyavisualexperimentandablind
tastetest.WestartedoutbyhavingPSUcollegestudentschooseoutofthreedifferentcolors
(red,green,white)whichcandytheypreferedtohavejustbasedonthecolor.Wealsousedan
onlinesurveytogatherthisinformation.Furthermore,weconductedablindtastetesttoseeif
students,aswellassomeofourfriendswithinthesameagegroup,wouldleantoadifferent
colorjustbytastealone.Itisourbeliefthatpeoplewouldbemorelikelytoenjoyacertainpiece
ofcandyjustbasedonitscolor.Allofthepvaluesareonetailedandtherewasoneforeachof
thethreecolorsofcandy.Redspvaluewas.276anditisbeingcomparedtohowpopularitwas
amongthesubjectswhentheywereblindfoldedandwhentheywerent.Whitespvaluewas
.172andisbeingcomparedofhowpopularitwaswhenthesubjectswereblindfoldedandwhen
theywerent.Greenswas.046andthiswashowpopularitwaswhensubjectswereblindfolded
comparedtowhentheywerent.Thistellsusthatgreenhadasignificantdifferenceofpreference
whensubjectswereblindfolded.

Introduction
ColorattractedconsumersandcanshapetheirperceptionaccordingtoMilne(2012).
Humansareattractedtodifferentbrandsofthesameproductbasedsolelyonthepreferenceand
interpretationofthecolorofthelogo.Differentcolorsandhuesofthatcolormeandifferent
thingstothehumaneyewhenobservingthemaccordingtoMilne(2012).Thisstudyidentified
fivemainhumantraitsthatarelookedforwhensearchingthroughtheaislesandobserving
brandsofproducts.Thesetraitsconsistedofsincerity,excitement,competence,sophistication,
andruggedness.Thesepersonalitytraitscorrespondedtodifferentcolorssuchas,blacksand
purplesidentifywithsophisticationsaidMilne(2012).
Howeverthesaturationofthecolororthehueofitcanalsomakethesubjectinterpretthe
branddifferently.Thestudytheyconductedtookthesubjectsandmadethemevaluatetwo
condompackages.Therewerenorealbrandsused,itwasbasedsolelyonthepackage
appearance.Onewaspurpletorepresentsophisticationhowever,itwasalighterhueofpurple
tomakeitidentifyassophisticated.Themoresaturatedthecoloristhenthemoreruggedit
wouldappear,comparedtosophisticated(2012).Aspredictedthedifferentcolormanipulations
ofthepackagespredictedwhichtraitswouldbeappliedtowhichpackage.Thepurplewasrated
asmoresophisticated,whiletheredwasmorerugged(2012).Thiscanrelatebacktothe
experimentathandbecausedifferentcolorsrepresentdifferentqualitiestopeople.Thesubjects
gravitatedtowardaspecificcolorthatcorrespondedbacktothemselvesandwhattheyliked
whichcouldrelatebackintowhichcandytheypicked.
Colorisonewaytoenhancetheeffectivenessofonlineproductdemonstrations,because
colororganizesinformationpresentationandfocusesattention,twovitalfunctionsofonline

softwaredemonstrationsaccordingtoEnglishZemke(1988).Whenademonstrationispresented
asthisone,onewouldwantthesubjectstofocusoncertainthingsthattheyneedtopayattention
to.Colorseemedtobethesimplestandeasywaytoclarifyandidentifywhichthingsneedtobe
ofmoreimportance.Thisstudyhighlightedthatputtingthingsinthesamecolorwithinthe
demonstrationrepresentsconsistency.Colorisnotaqualityoflightitissimplytheresultof
sensationsthatcomefromthelightwavesenteringthroughtheeyesandbeinginterpretedbya
colorsensitivenervoussystemsaidEnglishZemke(1988).Thedifferentwavelengthsthehuman
eyeisabletoseeiswhatmakesuptherainbowofcolorsthatwe,ashumans,areableto
distinguish.Andmanyhuesandshadesexistwithinthecolorspectrum.Colorsareallbasedon
perceptionoftheeyeforexample,thesaturationofacolordependsonthewidthofa
wavelengthband.Thenarrowerthebandis,themoresaturatedthecolorwillappear.
Thecolorsinthesedemonstrations(andmostproducts)areusedtoenhancethe
conveyanceofinformationaccordingtoEnglishZemke(1988).Colorscanbeusedtoidentify
manythingssuchas,changeoftopicinthedemonstrations,makingitclearthatanarrayof
informationisappliedtothesametopicwhenputinthesamecolorscheme,oreventhrowingoff
theaestheticofthedemoitself.Twocolorsthatdontlookrightorcorrespondcorrectlytoeach
othercanhurttheeyesvisually,itmakesithardtofocuson.Usingcolortoorganizeinformation
andfocusattentionincreasedtheamountofinformationthatisbeingconveyedbecausebyusing
thesecolortricksitmakesiteasiertoretaintheinformationonthedemoandunderstandit,
EnglishZemke(1988).
Colorisperceivedinmosteveryobjectweencounterinourdailylives,evenbeing
presentinourdreamsaccordingtoElliot(2013).Colorseemedtoplayaveryimportantpartin

ourlives,whichalldependsonhowweperceiveitaccordingtothecontextthatitspresented
within.Popularopinionsaboundonthenatureofcolorassociationsandonpresumedinfluences
ofcoloronourfeelings,aestheticjudgments,andbeyondsaidElliot(2013).Thisstudypointed
outthattherearemanywelldevelopedresearcharticleswrittenaboutcolorintermsofhowcolor
isdefinedandmodeledbasedonhowtheeyeandthebrainprocesscolor,oronhowcolorterms
arerepresentedinlanguage.Howeverhepointedoutthereisnotalotofresearchoutthereto
comparetothatexaminescolorperceptiononpsychologicalfunctioninginhumans.
Thisstudyalsotalkedabouthowpeoplewouldratecertainthingshigherinattractiveness
basedoncolor.Forexamplemenwouldrateawomanhigherinattractivenessifshewasinared
borderedphotoordressedinred,Elliot(2013).Infacttherewereanumberofthingsgathered
thatmenwoulddoifthewomanwaswearingredorsomethingofthatsortsuchas:morelikely
tocontactawomanonadatingwebsitethatdisplaysred,tipwaitressesmoregenerouslyifthey
areinred,orapproachawomanatabarthatiswearingredlipstick,Elliot(2013).Thereseemed
tobesometypeofaffixiationwithredwithinthehumanspecies,perhapsitsbecauseinsurvival
moderedsignalsdanger.Perhapsitsignaledanadrenalinerushandthatswhatwe,ashumans,
areattractedto.
EcologicalvalencetheoryorEVTissupposedtoproposethenotionthatcolorassociated
objectsaffectthepreferenceofthecolorinpeopleaccordingtoTaylor(2012).Insimplerterms
thiswouldmeanthatwe,ashumans,enjoycolorsmorewhentheyareassociatedwithsomething
thatisenjoyed(e.g.blueisassociatedwithocean,sky,etc.Brownisassociatedwithrottenfood,
excretion,etc.)Thiscouldhavetodowithdifferentsurvivaltacticsthatweveadaptedto.Blue
iscommonlylikedbecausetheobjectsweassociateitwithlikecleanwaterorabeautifulsky

dontthreatenoursurvival.Incontrasttothat,brownwouldbedislikedbecausefoodturns
brownwhenitbecomesrotten.Eatingrottenfoodcanmakesomeoneextremelysickso
adaptivelythatcouldbewhybrownisdisliked,Taylor(2012).
Inthisstudyeightcolorsweregivenindifferentsaturations,hues,light,etc(red,blue,
green,purple,orange,cyan,chartreuse,yellow)andthesubjectsweretoldtolistobjects
associatedwitheverycolor,Taylor(2012).Howevertheycouldntbeobjectsthatheldpersonal
valueorabstractconcepts(colorswithfeelings).Thoseobjectslistedwerethentakenandthe
subjectsweretoldtoratetheobjectsonhowwelltheyassociatedwiththecolorgiven.Results
showedthatbluepeakedatthecolorbeingassociatedwithahighnumberofpositiveobjects
whereasyellowwasthecolorthatwasassociatedwiththeleastamountofpositiveobjects.This
relatesbacktotheexperimentathandbecausepeoplemightbemoreattractedtoredorgreen
candybecausethosehaveobjectsthattheycanbeassociatedwith.Greenspecificallycouldhave
morepositiveobjectsassociatedwithitthenred(redcouldsignaldanger)however,white
representsnothingtohumans.Itstheabsenceofcolor,itcouldcorrespondtotheunknown
whichmightbewhypeoplearentattractedtoitwhengiventheoptiontotakeitcomparedtothe
redorgreen.
AccordingtoWeiHe(2011)theunclearpictureofthesexdifferenceincolorpreference
mightresultfrompersonalityvariations.Malestypicallypreferdarkercolorssuchasblueand
green.Whilefemalesprefercolorssuchaspink,purple,andwhite.Colorslikegraywere
associatedwithneuroticismanxietyandorangecanbeassociatedwithhostilityoraggression.
Therecouldalsobecolorpreferencedifferencesbecausethosecolorsmentionedbeforeare
usuallycoupledwiththatgenderfrombirth.Bluegoeswithboysandpinkgoestothegirls.A

colorlikeyellowisusuallyneutralwithchildren(whichmoreparentsarechoosingtomakethe
nurserywhenhavingachildinsteadofboxingitintoonecolor).Onceagainthisarticle
reinforcestheideaofcolorandthatitisassociatedwithdifferentobjectsandpersonalitiesin
society.Whichcouldbewhypeoplearemoredrawntowarddifferentcolorsofcandyandnotthe
whiteone.
Thisstudyistotestwhethercandycoloraffectsone'spreferencewhengiventhe
opportunitytopickjustoneofthreecandiespresented.Ournullhypothesisisthatstudents
wouldhavenopreferenceincandycolorandthatthereshouldbenodifferencebetweenthe
coloredcandiestoanoncoloredcandy.Theexperimentwewouldbeconductinghastodowith
colorassociationoffood,specificallywithcandy.Wewantedtoseeiftheresadifference
betweencolorsincandies.Peopleclaimwhattheirfavoritecolorofcandyisallthetimesowe
areinterestedtoknowifcoloractuallydoesmakeallthedifference.Wewanttoseeifthe
subjectswouldpreferonecandyovertheotherifthecolorwasntpresentanymore.Ithasbeen
saidthatmostofthetimehumanswouldeatwiththeireyesnottomention,thatmostallofus
wouldclaimofhavingafavoriteflavor/colorofcandy.Forexample,somepeopleonlyeatthe
redcandies.Sowearecurioustoseeifitsallabouttheflavororthecolor.

Methods
OurgrouptestedcollegestudentsatPSUtoseeiftheywouldpreferacertaintypeof
candybasedonthecolorofthecandyalone.Wesatupatablewiththreedifferentcolorsof
AirHeadcandyforstudentstochoosefrom,onered,onegreen,andonewhite.Theyweregiven
nobackgroundknowledgeonwhateachflavorwasandhadtochoosesolelyoncolorbecause

weremovedthewrappingandcutupthecandyintosmallpieces.Also,wemadeanonline
surveyallowingmorepeopletovotewhichcandytheywouldchoosebasedonitscolor.Wefelt
thiswasacceptabletodobecausethisportionoftheexperimentwasjustbasedonacolor
preferenceandnotatastepreference.Wealsoconductedablindtastetesttoseeifacertaincolor
waslikedmorethananotherjustbasedontaste.Wehadeachofthestudentsputonablindfold
andhadthemtryeachofcandy.Afterwards,wehadthestudentspickiftheylikedCandyA(red),
CandyB(green)orCandyC(white).Itwasourtheorythatstudentswouldhaveapreferenceof
colorandwouldfavortheredpiecesofAirHeadmorethanthegreenorwhitepiecesbecausered
isknowntobeamoreappealingcolor.Asmentionedbefore,oursamplewascollegestudentson
thePSUcampus.Ourpopulationwasaanyonefromtheagesof1865.
Weconductedanexperimentalstudybecauseweintentionallyintroducedthisexperiment
tostudentstoobservewhatwouldhappen.Whatmakesthisanexperimentalstudyishavingtwo
differentgroupstrythecandyunderdifferentscenarios.Ourcontrolledgroupisthegroupof
studentsthatwillbeabletochoosethecandybasedonsight.Ourtestgroupisthegroupof
studentsthatwillhavetochoosethecandybasedontaste.Ourexplanatoryvariableisbeingable
toseeornotseethecandy.Ourresponsevariablewillbewhichcandythestudentsprefer.We
obtainedabout50+studentstopickacandycolorandwefeelthatwasenoughsufficient
evidencetodeterminetheresultsfromthevisualportionoftheexperiment.Weobtained40
resultsfromourblindtastetest.Webelievethatthiswasenoughsufficientevidencetohelpour
researchproject.
Oneconfoundingvariableourgroupthoughtwouldbeaproblemindoingthis
experimentisthatstudentsmightbeconsciouslyorunconsciouslysuspiciousabouttakingcandy

fromanunknownperson.Wethoughtthatthissuspicioncouldaffecttheresultsofthe
experimentorlimitourdatacollectingoverall.Wethoughtitcouldmaybegivethestudenta
morenegativemoodwhichinturncouldaffecttaste.Therewereacoupleofstudentsthatwere
suspiciousofwhatweweredoingbuttheyatethecandyanywaysoitwasntasbigofafactoras
wethoughtitwouldbe.Webelievethatthosestudentsjustwouldnttrytheexperimentifthey
didntlikecandy.

Results
Thedatathathasbeencalculatedthroughourexperimentiscategoricaldataandsothere
wasaslightlydifferentprocesstothecalculations.Sampleproportionswereusedtocalculatethe
data.Thedatainthetablebelowistorepresentourrawdatathatwascollected.Table1shows
thetotalnumberofpeopleparticipatedinthefirstpartoftheexperimentandshowshowmany
peoplepickedeachcandy.Thiswasthedatabeforeitwascalculatedoutandappliedtothe
statisticalequations.
Table1:Peoplewhopickedwhichcandytheypreferredwhentheycouldseethecandy,
tastewasnotanimportantfactor

#ofpeoplewhocouldseethecandyandwho
couldpicktheonetheypreferredtohave

CandyA(
Red
)

22people

CandyB(
Green
)

19people

CandyC(White)

15people

TotalNumberofPeople

57people

Figure1a:Piechartshowspercentageofwhichcandypeoplepickedwhentheycouldsee
thecandytheypicked,controlgroup,tastewasnotimportantinthispart

Figure1aissupposedtoillustratethecontrolgroupandthepercentageofwhichcolored
candywaschosenbythesubjectswhengiventhethreeoptionsandtoldtopicktheonethatwas
themostappealingtothem.Theredcandywaschosen39%ofthetimewithamarginoferroras
+/12.8%,whilethegreenwasrathercloseatbeingpicked35%ofthetimewithamarginof
errorat12.6%.Itisnotahugedifferencebutthewhitecandyislowerthangreenandred,sitting
at26%ofpeoplechoosingthewhitecandyastheonetheywouldgravitatetowardfirstwitha
marginoferrorat11.6%.

Figure1b:Bargraphshowspercentageofcandypeoplepickedwhentheywereabletosee
thecandytheywerechoosing,confidenceintervalsarealsopresent.Thereisoverlapwhich
meansnosignificantdifferentbetweenpopulationmeans.Thetasteisalsonotimportantin
thispartoftheexperiment

Figure1bistoillustratethedatapresentedinthepiechartasthecontrolgroupbutthebar

graphalsoincludedtheconfidenceintervalsforeachofthethreegroupsofcandy.Thiscame
fromthestandarderrorofmeanwhichwascalculatedas.064forredinthecontrolgroup,as
.063forgreeninthecontrolgroup,and.058forwhiteinthecontrolgroup.Theconfidence
intervalforred,thatbeginsat.39,was.128.Theconfidenceintervalforgreen,thatbeginsat.35,
was.126.Finallytheconfidenceintervalforwhite,thatstartedat.26,was.116.
Thedatatablebelowisalsotoillustratetherawdatathatwascollectedfromthesecond
partoftheexperiment.Onceagainitshowsthetotalnumberofpeoplethatparticipatedinthis
partoftheexperiment.Italsoshowshowmanypeoplepickedeachcandywhentheywere
blindfoldedandateallthreekindsandaskedtopicktheirfavorite.Thisdataisforbeforethe
dataanalysishasbeenappliedtoitandthecalculationshavebeendone.

Table2:Peoplewhopickedthecandytheypreferredafterblindtastingallthreeofthem

#ofpeopleblindfoldedwhochosethecandy
theypreferredthemostaftertryingallthree

CandyA(
Red
)

18people

CandyB(
Green
)

8people

CandyC(White)

14people

TotalNumberofPeople

40people

Figure2a:Piechartshowspercentageofpeoplethatpickedwhichcandytheypreferred
afterblindtastetestingallthree,experimentalgroup

Figure2aissupposedtoillustratetheexperimentalgroupandthepercentageofwhich
coloredcandywaschosenbythesubjectswhenblindfoldedandtoldtotryallthreepiecesof
candy.Afterthattheywereaskedwhichonetheylikedorpreferredthemost.Theredcandywas
chosen45%ofthetimewithamarginoferrorat15.6%,whilethegreenwasnoticeablylower

thantheothertwocolorsat20%withamarginoferrorat12.6%.Itshallalsobenotedthatthe
greenbeingpickedwasalsomuchlowerthaninthecontrolgroup.Thereisstilladifference
betweenredandwhitebutitscloserthancomparedtohowgreenis.Whiteissittingat35%of
peoplechoosingthewhitecandyastheonetheypreferredofallthreeofthecandieswitha
marginoferrorat15%.
Figure2b:Bargraphshowspercentageofpeoplethatpickedwhichcandytheypreferred
afterblindtastetestingallthree,confidenceintervalsalsopresent.Thereisoverlapwhich
meansthereisnosignificantdifferencebetweenpopulationmeans.

Figure2bistoillustratethedatapresentedinthepiechartastheexperimentalgroupbut
thebargraphalsoincludedtheconfidenceintervalsforeachofthethreegroupsofcandy.This
camefromthestandarderrorofmeanwhichwascalculatedas.078forredintheexperimental
group,as.063forgreenintheexperimentalgroup,and.075forwhiteintheexperimentalgroup.

Theconfidenceintervalforred,thatbeginsat.45,was.156.Theconfidenceintervalforgreen,
thatbeginsat.20,was.126.Finallytheconfidenceintervalforwhite,thatstartedat.35,was.15.
Redspvaluewas.276anditisbeingcomparedtohowpopularitwasamongthesubjectswhen
theywereblindfoldedandwhentheywerent.Whitespvaluewas.172andisbeingcompared
ofhowpopularitwaswhenthesubjectswereblindfoldedandwhentheywerent.Greenswas
.046andthiswashowpopularitwaswhensubjectswereblindfoldedcomparedtowhenthey
werent.Thistellsusthatgreenhadasignificantdifferenceofpreferencewhensubjectswere
blindfolded.
Table3:Statisticstablesforallthreecolorsofcandy

CandyA(
Red
)

CandyB(
Green
)

CandyC(White)

ZScore

.06/.101=.594

.15/.089=1.68

.09/.095=.947

Percentile

72ndpercentile

5thpercentile

83rdpercentile

PValue

1tailed,=.276

1tailed,=.046

1tailed,=.172

Discussion
Thisdatashowsthenumberofpeoplesurveyed,theywereofferedthreepiecesofcandy
andwereallowedtopickonetotake.Thetableandthegraphsaretorepresentthenumberand
percentageofpeoplethatpickedthethreedifferentcolors(andflavors)ofthecandy.Thecandy
weofferedwereAirHeads.Whenstartingthesurvey,thegreencandy(watermelon)wasleading
prettysteadilyuntiltheredcandy(cherry)startedtocatchup.Theredcandydidsurpassthe
greencandyhowever,thenumberofpeoplewhopickedthesecandiesarefairlyevenbetween
thetwoofthem.Eventhoughmorepeoplepickedthewhitecandythanwhatwepredictedwould

beitiscleartoseethatthenumberisstilllowerthanthetwocoloredcandies.Thenumber
differenceisnotsignificant,butthereisadifferencepresent.
Thewhitecandy(mysteryflavor)wasmeanttothrowpeopleofforputthemofffromit.
Itsamysteryflavorandontopofthatthecolorofitiswhite.Weassociatedifferentcolorswith
differentflavors(Redcanbecherry,strawberry,watermelon.Greencanbewatermelon,lime,
greenapple,etc.)andsosincethewhitecandyisamysteryflavorandiscolorless,lesspeople
wereinclinedtopickthatone.Mostlikelybecausewe,ashumans,likefamiliarity.Themystery
putsusofftochoosingthewhitecandybecausethereisnocolortoassociateitwithanything.
Ourbrainsareunablebecauseitwouldgooffmemorytoprefercertaincandy(andfoods)but
thereisusuallynomemorybanksforwhitecandy.Whitecandyisnotanormaloccurrencein
thatdomain.Whiteistheabsenceofcolorandsothereisnothingtoassociateitwith.
Inthesecondpartoftheexperiment,wetookthesubjectsandblindfoldedthem.They
weregivenallthreepiecesofcandytotryandafterthatwereaskedwhichonetheypreferredthe
most.Thedatainthispartoftheexperimentendedupprovidingveryinterestingresults.Thered
stillleadmostofthetimehowever,whitetookasignificantleapfrom26%allthewayupto
35%.Morepeoplewereleaningtowardwhitethistimesolelybasedontheflavorofthecandy.
Anotherinterestingpieceofevidenceisthatwhenpeoplecouldseethecolorsmostpeoplewere
takingthegreenonewhenofferedthecandyhowever,nowgreentookabigdropdown.From
35%allthewaydownto20%.Astheexperimentertherewasalsoanobservationtakenabout
thewhiteandgreencandies.Subjectshadsaidthatthegreenandthewhitetastedverysimilar
andwhenpeoplepickedthewhiteone,theythoughttheywerepickingthegreenone.

Finallythepvaluesofferedsomeinterestingresults.Thepvaluefortheredcandywas
.276whichdoesnotshowanysignificanceandthenullhypothesisisacceptedthispvalue
showsthatthenumberoftimestheredcandywaspickedwhensubjectswereblindfolded
comparedtowhentheycouldseewasnotsignificant.Thepvalueforthewhitecandywas.172,
whichstilldoesnotshowsignificantdifferencebecausetherewasnocomparabledifference
betweenhowmanytimeswhitewaspreferredinwhenblindfoldedandwhentheywerent
blindfolded.Howeverthepvalueforthegreencandywas.046whichmeansthatitdidshow
significantdifferenceandweareabletorejectthenullhypothesis.Thispvaluemeansthatthere
wasasignificantdifferencebetweenhowmanypeoplepreferredthegreencandywhenthey
couldseeitversuswhentheywereblindfolded.Whilethesignificantdifferencedidnotshowin
thecolorweinitiallypredicteditwouldappearin,itstilldidappear.Thisaddssupporttothe
notionthatweeatwithoureyesfirst.Theredcandytastesjustdifferentenoughforthesubjects
todiscernfromtheothertwoastheirfavorite.Butthewhiteandgreenhadverysimilartastes
andmostpeoplewereuncertainofwhichcolortheywerechoosing.Mostpeopleassumedthe
bettertastingonetheyhadpickedmustbethegreenone.Thisassumptionmostlikelycomes
fromthefactthatwhitemeansnothingtherefore,itcantbethebest.Wearewearyofthewhite
candybecausethesubjectswouldhavenopreviousknowledgeofit.
Conclusion
Inconclusion,basedonourdatacollectedfromthisexperiment,theredandgreencandy
preferencewisestayedprettyclosetogetherwhilethewhitecandylaggedbehind.Inthevisual
portionofthisexperiment,theredcandywasprefered39%whilethegreencandywasprefereda
close35%.Thewhitewaschosen26%ofthetime.However,intheblindtastetestthe

percentageoffavorabilityforthegreendroppedtoalow20%whilethewhiteclimbedtoa35%.
Theredstayedintheleadat45%.Wecanrejectthenullhypothesisforthecolorgreenbasedon
thedatathatwascollected.Thepercentagedropforthegreencandywasinterestinganduncalled
for,butstillcountstodisregardthenullhypothesisbecausetheresultsdoshowthatthereissome
typeofmanipulatedpreferencetocandygoingon.Ourmotivationforthisexperimentwasto
provethatpeople,specificallyinthiscasecollegestudents,aremoreinclinedtoeitherenjoyor
choosesomethingbasedonitscoloralone.Wecandrawfromthisdatathatcolormayinfact
playaroleinpeoplespreferencesevenifitisjustasmallone.

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AppendixI

CandySurvey
Ofthethreeoptionsofairheadcandy,pleasechoseonethatlooksthemostappetizingandappealingto
you.Whichonewouldyouchoosefirstifpresentedwith?

CandyACandyB

CandyC

Whichcandyfromtheaboveselectionwouldyouchoose?
[]CandyA

[]CandyB

[]CandyC