Professional Documents
Culture Documents
HELICOPTER Mi-1'71
FLIGHT MANUAL
BOOK I
FLICHT OPERATION
Section
SERVICE INFORMATION
ATTENTION!
1 The helicopter is not equipped with the following:
* "Trevoga" system,
o EYB-8A helicopter control unit,
2 The helicopter is equipped with the following:
* ramp with electrical-hydraulic drive instead of cargo clainshell doors,
"Orlan-85ST" radio instead of "Baltlan-20" radio,
e "Almaz-UPM" voice information reporting system instead of "Almaz-UP",
* RH external &el tank of increased capacity instead of the standard one,
s GYP-1-2 series 2 flight data recorder unit instead of the analog 5YP1-2.
3 The helicopter is additionally equipped with the following:
* RFI sliding door,
* long static line for paradropping through the RH door,
a elements for SLG-300 hoist installation near the RH sliding door,
additional troop seats (4 pcs.) on the frame,
* GNS-430 satellite navigation system wirh SAE-35 encoding feet-graduated
altimeter
* KT-76C ATC transponder
due to installatio~lof the IW sliding door, the KO-50 compartment is
Notes:
shifted to the area over the RW door.
FLIGHT MANUAL
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Sept 09104
Section, Sub-Section,
Subject
1.6. Usage of
Check-List and
Procedures
Title Page of
1
2
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3
4
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Section 2
5
6
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Contents of
718
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Section 2
2.1. Helicopter
General contents
Dec 08/05
Category
2
3
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tion of Operating
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Condition
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'Title Page of
2.3. Minimum
Section 1
Contents of
Crew
Section 1
1.1. Foreword
1.2. Purpose of
112
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2.4. Maximum
Number of
Occupants
1.1
1.2
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1.3
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1.411
1.412
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Sept 09104
Dec 23193
Sept 09104
Flight Manual
1.3. Flight Manual
Holder's Duties
1.4. Usage of
Symbols and
Dec 23193
Abbreviation
1.5. Revision
System
1.5
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LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES
PAGE 1
Dec 08105
FLIGHT MANUAL
Page
Date
Dec23193
Dec 23/93
Title Page of
Scction 3
Contents of
Section 3
3.1. Calculation of
Flight Data
3.1. Calculation of
Flight Data
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.5
3.1.6
3.1.7
3.1.8
3.1.9
3.1.10
3.1.11
3.1.12
3.1.13
3.1.14
3.1.15
3.1.16
3.1.17
3.1.18
3.1.19
3.1.20
3.1.21
3.1.22
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3.1.27128
3.1.29130
3.1.31
3.1.32
3.1.33
3.1.34
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Section, Sub-section,
Page
Subject
3.1. Calculation of
3.1.37
Flight Data
3.1.38
3.1.39
3.1.40
3.1.41
3.1.42
3.1.43
3.1.44
3.1.45
3.1.46
3.1.47
3.1.48
3.1.49
3.1.50
3.1.51
3.1.52
3.1.53
3.1.54
3.1.55
3.1.56
3.1.57
3.1.58
3.1.59
3.1.60
3.1.61
3.1.62
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3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
3.2.6
3.2.7
3.2.8
3.2.9
3.2.10
3.2.1 1
3.2.12
3.2.13
3.2.14
3.2.15
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FLIGHT MANUAL
Page
Date
Section, Sub-section,
Subject
Page
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Title Page of
Section 4
Contents of
Sectio~l4
112
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4.1. Taxiing
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.314
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.2.5
4.2.6
4.2.7
4.2.8
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
4.3.516
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
4.4.4
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.3
4.5.4
4.5.5
4.5.718
4.6.1
4.6.2
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4.6.4
4.6.5
4.6.6
4.6.7
4.618
4.6.9
4.6.10
4.6.1 1
4.6.12
4.7.1
4.7.2
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4.6. Landing
Approach
4.7. Landing
1
Title Page of
Section 4a
4a.l Extreme LowAltitude Fliglits
Date
4.9.1
4.9.2
4.9.3
4.9.4
4.9.5
:4f8
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112
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4a.l.1
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FLIGHT MANUAL
Section, Sub-Section,
Subject
Page
Date
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Mountai~iousArea
4a.9.6
43.10. Flights
for Killing Wild
Ani~nsls
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4a.3. Peculiarities of
Flights wit11 Use of
Dust-, Sand- and
Snow-Covered Pads
4a.4. Instrument
IFivinn
4a.5. Night Flights
4a.6. Peculiarities
of Flights to Sites
Selected from Air
48.4.3
4a.4.4
4a.5.1
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Date
Page
11
1
43.1 1. Flizhts
for ~ r o o u k e
Csrgoes and
/~srachutists
11
II
11
4a.10.l
4a.10.2
4a.10.3
4a.10.4
4a.ll.l
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1
I
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1
1
Title Page of
Section 5
Contents of
Section 5
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5.4. Danger
(Excessive) Vibration of Engine
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FLIGHT MANUAL
Section, Subject
Rise or
5.6.2
Dee 23193
Dec 23193
Engine Oil
5.7. Failure of Engine Temperature
Regulator
5.7.1
5.7.2
Dec 23193
Dec 23193
5.8. Troubles of
Gearboxes
5.8.1
5.8.2
Dec 23/93
Dee 23193
5.9. Failure of
vice Tank Booster
Pump
5.9.112
5.10. Failure of
Transfer Pumps
5.10.1
5.10.2
5.11.Cloggingof
Fuel Filter
5.11.1
5.1 1.2
5.12. Illumination
of 270-1 FUEL
MAIN
5.13. Failure of
viceTank Float
Valve
5.14. Failure of
Hydraulic System
5.15. Failure of
Gyro Horizon
5.16. Failure of
Gvro Horizo~ls
5.17. Failure of
Monitoring Unit
GI<K-18
5.18. Failure of
/Speed I~idicators
5.19. Ground
nance
5.20. Low-Frequency Oscillations of Helicooter in Flight
Page
Date
Page
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5.13.112
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5.14.2
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5.15.1
5.15.2
5.1 5.314
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5.18.1
5.18.2
5.19.1
5.19.2
5.20.1
5.20.2
16.1. General
6.2. Emerzencv
Check-Out
Sheets
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6.5. Fire in
Compartment
Dec 23193
5.17.112
Contents of
Section 6
Dec 23193
5.12.1
5.12.2
5.16.1
1.16.2
Section 6
6.6. Failure of
Two Engines in
Flieht
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6.8. Flight with
All Generators
Inoperative
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FLIGHT MANUAL
Section, Sub-section,
Page
Date
' Subject
6.9. Emergency
La~ldi~lg
6.10. Ditching
6.9.1
6.9.2
6.9.3
6.9.4
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6.10.1
6.10.2
6.10.3
6.10.4
6.10.516
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6.1 1.112
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6.12. "Vortcx-Ring"
State
6.12.1
6.12.2
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6.13.1
6.13.2
6.13.3
6.13.4
6.13.516
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6.14.1
6.14.2
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6.14. Occurrence of
Low- Frequency
Vertical Oscillatio~ls
Title Page of
Section 7
Cotltet?tsof
Section 7
7.1. Basic Characteristic
7.2. Su~n~ilary
of
Characteristic
Speeds
112
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7.1.1
7.1.2
7.1.3
7.1.4
7.2.112
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Page
Date
7.3. Takeoff
7.3.1
7.3.2
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7.4. Climb
7.4.1
7.4.2
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7.5. Cruising
Flight
7.5.1
7.5.2
7.5.3
7.5.4
7.5.5
7.5.6
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7.6. Descent
7.6.112
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7.7. Approach
and Landing
7.7.112
Dec 23193
7.8. Operational
Limits
7.8.112
Dec 23193
7.9. Position
Error Correctio~~s
7.9.112
Dec 23/93
7.10. Helicopter
Control Features
7.10.1
7.10.2
7.10.3
7.10.4
7.10.5
7.10.6
7.10.7
7.10.8
7.10.9
7.10.10
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7.11.1
7.1 1.2
7.11.3
7.11.4
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i
i
FLIGHT MANUAL
FLIGHTMANUAL
GENERAL CONTENTS
Book One
GENERAL CONTENTS
Page
Section 1. SERVICE 1.1. Foreword
1.1
INFORMATION
..........................
of Flight Manual . . . . . . . . . .
1.2
.....
1.3
1.2. Purpose
...............
......................
Number of Occupants . . . . . . .
Flight Limitations . . . . . . . .
........
........................
Data on Calculation . . . .
3.1.1.
General
3.1.2. Initial
3.1.3.
3.1.4.
Determination of Required
of Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .Optimum
. . . . . . . . Quantity
3.1.5.
Determination of Maximum
........Permissible Takeoff Mass of
. . . . . . . .Helicopter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1.6.
Determination of Maximum of
Landing Mass
. . . . . . . .Helicopter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . Permissible
3.1.7.
Determination of Payload
.......
3.1.8.
3.1.9.
. . . . . . . . Fuel Consumption at
. . . . . . . . Stages . . . . .....................
Dec 23/93
General Contents
FLIGHT MANUAL
GENERAL CONTENTS .Book One
3.1.10. Calculation of Return Boundary . .
Page
3.1.21
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.23/24
Pre-Flight Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1
General ........................ 3.2.1
Helicopter External Inspection . 3.2.2
Helicopter Internal Inspection . 3.2.9
3.2.5.
Section 4 . NORMAL
4.1.
PROCEDURES
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
4.5.
4.6.
4.7.
4.8.
4.9.
........
Taxiing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Takeoff and Low-Altitude Flight .
Climb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cruising Flight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Descent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Landing Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Landing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Check-Out Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of Acceptable Failures . . . .
Extreme Low-Altitude Flights . . .
Flights in Mountainous Area . . . .
Peculiarities of Flights with
Use of Dust..
Sand- and SnowCovered Pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Instrument Flying . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Night Flights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Peculiarities of Flights
To Sites Selected from Air . . . . .
Flights with External Store . . . .
Flights for Performing Building
and Installation Operations . . . .
Flights for Extinguishing
Forest Fires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flights for Killing Wild
Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Contents
Dec 23/93
3.2.22
4.1.1
4.2.1
4.3.1
4.4.1
4.5.1
4.6.1
4.7.1
4.8.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
GENERAL CONTENTS - Book One
Page
Section 5. ABNORMAL
PROCEDURES
5.1
... . . . . . . . ....
Generol C o n t e n t s
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGHT MANUAL
GENERAL CONTENTS . Book One
Section 6 .
EMERGENCIES
6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
Section 7 .
PERFORMANCE
Page
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 . 1 . 1
Emergency Check-Out Sheets . . . . . . 6.2.1
Rules for Use of Emergency
Check-Out Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3.1
Fire in Engine. Main Gearbox.
Auxilia.ry Power Unit BCY.
K O - 5 0 Heater Compartments . . . . . . . 6 . 4 . 1
Fire in Ca.rgo Compartment . . . . . . . 6 . 5 . 1
Failure of Two Engines in
Flight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 . 6 . 1
Plight with. One Engine
inoperative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 . 7 . 1
Flight with All Generators . . . . . . .
Inoperative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8.1
Emergency Landing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 . 9 . 1
Ditching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10.1
External Store Emergency
Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.11.112
"Vortex-Ring" State . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 . 1 2 . 1
Failure of Directional Control
in Flight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.13.1
Occurrence of Low-Frequency
Vertical Oscillations . . . . . . . . . . .
Basic Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary of Characteristic
Speeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Takeoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Climb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cruising Flight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Descent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approach and Landing . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operational Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Position Error Corrections
Helicopter Control Features . . . . .
Nomographs. Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(cont'd)
General Contents
4
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
GENERAL CONTENTS . Book TWO
Page
Book 2
Section 8
8.1.
OPERATION OF
HELICOPTER SYSTEMS 8.2.
AND EQUIPMENT
8.3.
8.4.
8.5.
8.6.
8.7.
8.8.
8.9.
8.10.
8.11.
8.12.
8.13.
8.14.
8.15.
8.16.
8.17.
8.18.
8.19.
8.20.
8.21.
8.22.
8.23.
Appendices
Dec 23/93
General Contents
FLIGHT MANUAL
GENERAL CONTENTS - Book Two
Page
9.3.
9.4.
9.5.
9.6.
9.7.
Elimination of Out-of-Track
Condition of Main Rotor Blades . .
Instructions on Helicopter
Fueling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary Checklist for Crew . . . . . .
Measuring Helicopter Rotor
Thrust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reference Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ceneral Contents
000
Dec 23/93
9.3.1
9.4.1
9.5.1
9.6.1
9.7.1/2
I3
Fi
FLIGHT MANUAL
SERVICE INFORMATION - Contents
S e c t i o n 1
SERVICE INFORMATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.1. Foreword
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1
1.2. Purpose of Flight Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2
1.3. Flight Manual Holder's Duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3
1.4. Usage of Symbols and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . 4
1 . 5 . Revision System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5
1.6. Usage of Checklists and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6
000
Dec 23/93
Contents
1.1/2
FLIGHT MANUAL
SERVICE INFORMATION - Foreword
1.1.
FOREWORD
1.1.1.
The helicopter Flight Manual contains the information, instructions and recommendations required for the complete
use of the helicopter capabilities and safe accomplishment
of the flight within the established limitations, flight
and operating conditions. The skilled operation of the
helicopter is provided if the Manual is thoroughly studied
by the personnel and the instructions laid down therein
are correctly followed.
1.1.2.
Service Information;
2.
3.
4.
Normal Procedures;
6. Emergencies;
7. Flight Performance;
Book 2. Operation of Helicopter Systems and Equipment,
comprising the following sections:
000
Dec 23/93
1.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
SERVICE INFORMATION - Purpose of Flight Manual
1.2.
1.2.1.
The helicopter Flight Manual is the basic flight and technical document which determines and specifies the particular flight operation rules and piloting technique for
the given type of helicopter, with the helicopter flying
peculiarities taken into account.
1.2.2.
1.2.3.
1.2
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
SERVICE INFORMATION - Flight Manual Holder's Duties
1.3.
1.3.1.
1.3.2.
1.3.3.
1.3.4.
000
Dec 23/93
1.3
FLIGHT MANUAL
SERVICE INFORMATION - Usage of Symbols and Abbreviations
1.4.
1.4.1.
1.4.2.
1.4.3.
000
(cont'd)
1.4.4.
- aircraft commander;
ADF
AMB
APU
CA
CB
- circuit breaker;
CCI
CS
DA
- drift angle;
DH
AS1
ATC
CP
decision height;
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
1.4/1
FLIGHT MANUAL
f9
SERVICE INFORMATION
DPD
DRA
- danger-restricted altitude;
EP
- emergency power;
FE
- flight engineer;
FM
FR
GCAS
IPS
LA
- local airline;
LSE
ME
- navigator;
ON
OFF
- turned off;
RA
FO
HIFS
IFR
Plight Manual;
flight operator;
fuel reserve;
helicopter
helicopter intergrated flight system;
instrument flight rules;
ice protection system;
main rotor;
turned on;
radio acids;
RWY
SGH
TR
runway;
tail rotor;
VHF
UHF
VFR
SR NDB
ISA
FLIGHT MANUAL
SERVICE INFORMATION
Revision System
1.5.
1.5.1.
1.5.3.
1.5.4.
1.5
FLIGHT MANUAL
2/
s'i
1.6.
1.6.1.
preparation
and
training
according
to
the
1.6.:.
1.6
000
Dec 23/93
Section 2
GENERAL OPERATIONAL
LIMITATIONS
FLIGHT MANUAL
GENERAL OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS
a5
Contents
2
S e c t i o n
GENERAL OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
2.6.
Page
Helicopter Category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1
General Limitations of Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . 2.2
Minimum Crew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5
Maximum Number of Occupants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6
General Flight Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7
Systems and Equipment Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.15
000
Dec 23/93
Contents
2.1/2
FLIGHT MANUAL
GENERAL OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS - Helicopter Category
2.1.
HELICOPTER CATEGORY
2.1.1.
2.1.2.
2.1.3.
Dec 23/93
2.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
GENERAL OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS - General Limitations
of Operating Conditions
(cont'd)
2.2
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGHT MANUAL
GENERAL OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS - General Limitations
of Operating Conditions
2.2.3.3.
visibility
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
Note. The
(cont'd)
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
2.3
FLIGHT MANUAL
GENERAL OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS - General Limitations
of Operating Conditions
2.4
000
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
GENERAL OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS - Minimum Crew
2.3.
MINIMUM CREW
2.3.1.
2.3.2.
000
Dec 2 3 / 9 8
2.5
FLIGHT MANUAL
GENERAL OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS - Maximum Number of Occupants
2.4.
2.4.1.
2.4.2.
2.6
000
Dec 23/93
3x,
FLIGHTMANUAL
GENERAL OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS - General Flight Limitations
2.5.1.1.
plus 300 mm
fore of main
rotor axis)
plus 257 mm
minus 95 mm
aft of main
rotor axis)
plus 20 mm
13,000 kg
4000 kg
4000 kg.
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
2.7
FLIGHTMANUAL
GENERAL OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS - General Fliqht Limitations
2.5.3.
2.5.3.1. During the flight at the transient power settings, the main
rotor speed may be increased for a short time not exceeding
20 s:
101 %
103 %
108 %
2.5.3.2. During the flight, the main rotor speed may be decreased
for a short time:
75 %.
2.5.3.3. The main rotor speed at which the generators are automatically switched off is less than 88 % .
2.5.4.
Flight Speed
2.8
(cont' d )
Dec 08/05
FLIGHT MANUAL
GENERAL OPERATION=
Altitude, m
Up to 1000
2000
3000
4000
4800
5000
maximum
minimum
maximum
~ninirnum
230
195
160
120
100
60
60
60
60
80
250
60
60
60
60
60
60
130
100
6000
230
210
170
140
80
Notes: 1. With the normal takeoff mass and aft center of gravity (with the colnmon
center of gravity of the cargo being carried positioned opposite the red arrow
on the cargo compartment starboard), the maximum flying airspeed is limited
up to 240 kmlh.
2.
With the flight mass exceeding the normal one for the helicopter with minus
center of gravity, the maximum climb speed is limited to 220 kmlh.
2.5.4.2.
It is allowed to perform the vertical descent and power-on glide at the speeds less than 40
kmlh, with the vertical velocity not exceeding 4 mls.
2.5.5.
2.5.5.1.
The maximum rate of hovering turn should not exceed 12 degls. In this case, the pedal
reversal time in changing the hovering turn direction should be at least 3 s.
2.5.5.2.
At the wind velocity more than 10 mls, the 360-degree turns are intolerable.
2.5.5.3.
It is allowed to perform the turns and 360-degree banked turns at the roll angles not
exceeding:
(a)
15 deg, throughout the entire range of airspeeds and flight masses of the helicopter
in the IFR conditions
(cont'd
Sept 09104
2.9
FLIGHT MANUAL
I
I
and at night and also when flying with the external store, in the extreme turbule~lceconditions, with
one engine operating, in the main rotor autorotation mode and at altitudes over 3000 m;
(b) 30 deg, while flying as per VFR, at the flight airspeeds up to 250 kmlh, with the normal flight mass
amounting to 11 100 kg and less, at the altitudes ranging from 50 to 3000 In.
It is allowed to perform the euergetic turns (in case of necessity) with the angles of roll amouilting
up to 45 deg., while flying as per VFR at the altitudes of 50 to 1000 m, with the helicopter flight
mass 11 100 kg and less, at the airspeeds ranging from 100 to 200 kmlh.
When performing the banked turns and turns at the altitudes up to 50 111over the relief, the tolerable
angle of roll in value is numerically equal to the flight altitude (i.e. at the altitudeof 10 m - 10 deg,
20 m - 20 deg, 30 111- 30 deg ), but in all cases it should not exceed 45 deg;
(c) 20 deg, while flying as per VFR, at the airspeeds up to 250 kmlh, with the flight mass over 11 100
kg., with the altitudes ranging from 50 m to 3000 m.
Maximum allowed angles of pitch for nose-up pitching and diving.. ........................
.20 deg.
I1
Due to the absence of accelerometer at the helicopter, the maximum rate of pitch angle measurement
should not exceed:
-
(cont'd)
2.10
Sept 09104
FLIGHT MANUAL
GENERAL OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS - General Flight Limitations
2.5.6.3.
2.5.7.
2.5.7.1.
Tolerable wind
velocity at engine
start and shutdown, m/s
Tolerable wind
velocity during
helicopter hovering, takeoff and
landing, m/s
25
25
Headwind, 0 deg
R - h crosswind,
90 deg
L - h crosswind,
270 deg
Tailwind, 180 deg
10
15
Dec 23/93
2.11
FLIGHT MANUAL
GENERAL OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS - General Flight Limitations
For increasing the takeoff (landing) mass of the helicopter,
it is allowed to perform the takeoff (landing), with the
dust protection device ejector switched off, at the
helicopter commander's discretion.
It is recommended to operate the helicopter without the use
of the dust protection device in winter conditions at the
snow-covered airfields.
2.5.8.
2.5.8.1. The minimum dimensions of the landing pads for no-run takeoff and landing without the use of ground effect are
21x17 m .
2.5.8.2. The minimum dimensions of the landing pads for non-run takeoff and landing in the ground effect and for takeoff and
landing with run and roll are indicated in the Table 2.2
given below. The dimensions of the stopways and shoulders
should be at least 5 m.
I
Pressure altitude, m
1500
Over
Over
Over
Over
Notes:
and less
1500 to 2000
2000 to 3000
3000 to 3500
3500 to 4000
flight masses determined from the nomographs presented in Figs 3.1.1, 3.1.3 are given without ac
count of the engine failure at takeoff and landing.
2. The surface of the pad for takeoff and landing
with run and roll (pavement and ground conditions)
should ensure the safe run of the helicopter at
takeoff and its roll at landing.
(cont'd)
2.12
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
GENERAL OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS - General Flight Limitations
M u - 8AMT
pads for the no-run takeoff and landing are 10x10 m , for the
takeoff and landings with run and roll are 110x20 m.
Notes: 1. It is allowed to arrange the working area in any
place of the landing pad.
- for the non-run takeoff and landing without the use of the
ground effect: L1 = 15, Lz = 300/150 m) in the direction of
the landing pad
longitudinal or cross center line,
respectively), tgel = 1/10, tge2 = 1/2, tgP1 = 1/10, tgP2 = 1/1;
for the non-run takeoff and landing in the ground effect and
takeoff and landing with run and roll:
L1 = 100 m, L2 = 1120 m, tg01 = 1/10, tgB2 = 1/8, tgPl = 1/2,
(in this case, width bl of the obstacle limitation
conventional plane at the end of leg L1 is 100 m, whereas
width bz at the end of leg L2 is 660 m)
2 . 5 . 8 . 5 . The no-run landing and takeoff without shutting down the en-
up to 7 deg;
up to 5 deg;
up to 7 deg;
up to 3 deg.
(cont'd)
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
2.13
FLIGHT MANUAL
GENERAL OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS - General Flight Limitations
The maximum slope values of the pad for performing the norun takeoff and landing, with the engines shut down, should
not exceed 3 deg.
2.5.8.6.
The landing pad working area should have the underlying surface
strength at least 3 kgf/cm2; in this case, the height of the
working area surface roughness should not exceed 0.1 m.
2.5.8.7.
- deflect the control stick backward from the neutral position through more than 1/2 of the control stick travel in
all flying conditions, with the forward speeds exceeding
8 0 km/h;
- deflect the control stick backward through more than 1 1 2
of the control stick travel behind the neutral position,
with the main rotor collective pitch being less than 3 deg
against the rotor pitch indicator when performing the helicopter landing with roll and taxiing.
2.14
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
41
2.6.
FLIGIIT MANUAL
GENERAL OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS - Gcneral F l i g h t L i m i t a t i o n s
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
2.16
i%
FLIGHT MANUAL
GENERAL OPEEATIONAL LIMITATIONS - General Flight Limitations
Example. With a right-hand crossmind direction of 40 relative to the helicopter heading, the maximum wind
velocity is 15 m/s (point 6)
Maximum Velocity of Wind Versus Its Direction Relative to
Helicopter Heading During Helicopter Hovering, Takeoff
and Landing
Figure 2.1.2
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
A-A
Figure 2.1.3
2.18
Section
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT
Section
Contents
....................
3.1.1
3.1.
3.1.1.
General
3.1.2.
Initial
3.1.3.
3.1.4.
3.1.5.
3.1.6.
3.1.7.
Determination of Payload
3.1.8.
3.1.9.
.......................................
Data on Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1.1
3.1.1
..
......................
1. j . 3
3.,.9
3.1. i l
................
3.1.2'~
3.1.2?;/?4
Pre-Flight Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.:.
......................................
Helicopter External Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preparation of Engines for Starting . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.,
General
3.2.9
3.2.:1.9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.22
Contei?t.:j
3 . 3. / ?:
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data
3.1.
3.1.1.
General
Before each flight, the crew must carry out the flight calculation which includes the following procedures:
3.1.3.
should
be
Dec 23/93
3.1.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data
fuel consumption) altitude, with the actual situation taken
into account: the weather conditions, wind velocity and direction in the altitudes, enroute flight distance. When flying the helicopter in the still conditions, the fuel consumption decreases with the altitude increase, reaching the
minimum value at an altitude of 3000 m , with the helicopter
flight mass being close to -the normal one (11,100 kg) and at
an altitude of 2000 In when the helicopter flight mass is
equal to the maximum one (13,000 kg). As far as the wind
effect is concerned, the optimum altitude of flight will be
that at which the ground speed variation under the wind
effect is the most favourable (the maximum increase or minimum decrease of the ground speed).
3.1.3.2. Selection of Optimum Flight Speed
For performing the horizontal flight, the speed is selected
proceeding from the requirements and conditions of the mission: whether the flight is aimed at reaching the maximum
range or maximum endurance. It is recommended to perform the
prolonged flights at the cruising speeds or the speeds close
to them within an accuracy of -10 km/h. In this case, the
engine power rating in flight should correspond (approximately) to the cruising power rating (refer to Item 8.2.2).
The maximum flight time (maxj.mum flight endurance) is reached when flying the helicopter at speeds of 120 to
140 h / h
The maximum flight range of the helicopter is obtained at
the speeds corresponding to the minimum consumptions of fuel
per kilometer and determined for the particular conditions
of the flight frbm the graphs presented in Figs 3.1.14 to
3.1.20.
The maximum range and maximum endurance speeds (cruising and
economical speeds) are indicated in Table 7.5.1.
The speed for carrying the external store is determined by
the conditions of its behaviour. With the speed increasing
within the range of recommended speeds for carrying the
externai. stores, the flight range increases.
(coi~t'd)
3.1.2
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data
5/
Dec 23/93
3.1.3
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Fligh'
Data
3 . 1 . 4 . 2 . The quantity of fuel filled into the tanks should exceed the
required amount of fuel by 50 kg (the ground fuel consumption - 30 k g and unusable fuel - 20 kg).
3 . 1 . 4 . 3 . If the flight is performed at the speeds lower or higher
is determined by the fuel. tank capzcity. The fuel tanks are filled
by gravity fuelling through the filler necks.
Fuel tanks
3.1.
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
Capacity,
-y
Mass, k g , at
= 0 . 7 7 5 kg/l
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data
3.1.5.
The maximum permissible takeoff mass ensuring the accomplishment of the level flight at the optimum speed and at the
altitude exceeding the takeoff pad elevation by 300 m , with
one engine failed and the other engine operating at the
emergency power, is determined from the nomograph presented
in Fig. 3.1.5.
Dec 23/93
3.1.5
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data
3.1.5.5.The increment of the maximum permissible mass of the helicopter at takeoff and landing under the wind effect on the
pad is determined from the graphs presented in Figs. 3.1.2
and 3 . 1 . 4 .
In determining the maximum permissible mass, with the wind
effect taken into account, one should bear in mind that the
wind direction and velocity may vary in the process of takeoff and landing. Therefore, in determining the maximum permissible mass under the unsteady wind conditions, it is necessary to take the minimum value of maximum permissible
mass for the possible wind variation range.
In all cases, the limit mass should not exceed the helicopter maximum takeoff mass - 13,000 kg.
3 . 1 . 5 . 6 .The procedure for determining the maximum permissible takeoff mass of the helicopter from the nornographs is given in
examples 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.
E x a m ~ l e1 .
3.1.6
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data
13,220 k g , but not more than to 13,000 kg according to Subitem 3.1.5.7; thus, the helicopter
takeoff mass should be taken to be 13,000 kg.
E x a m ~ l e2.
Solution.
Example 3 .
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data
maximum permissible takeoff mass for the no-run
takeoff in the ground effect, it will amount to
12,050 kg. To obtain the takeoff mass for the
running takeoff, it is necessary to increase this
value by 500 kg; in this case, the takeoff mass in
the given conditions at the running takeoff will
amount to 12,050 kg + 500 kg = 12;550 kg.
Example 4. Determine the maximum permissible takeoff mass of
the helicopter, which allows the accomplishment
of the horizontal flight at the optimum speed
and at the altitude exceeding the pad height by
300 m , with one engine failed and the other
engine
operating
at
the
emergency
power,
provided that the outside air temperature is
minus 30 OC, the pad elevation is 1500 m.
Solution
3.1.6.
(a) if the height of the pad planned for landing the helicopter is equal to the height of the airfield of depar-
3.1.8
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data
ture, then the outside air temperature is taken to be
equal to the temperature at the airfield of departure;
(b) if the takeoff and landing pads have the different elevations, the outside temperature variation is estimated
in accordance with the International Standard Atmosphere
(the temperature drops by 6 . 5 OC for every 1000 m of the
height increase).
If the data on the wind are not available and it is
impossible to determine the wind direction at landing,
calculate the helicopter maximum permissible mass for
the most unfavourable combination of the wind velocity
and direction (the tail wind velocity is 4 to 6 m/s).
3.1.7.
Determination of Payload
3.1 . I .1. Payload mass value mp/l if it is not specified by the flight
conditions, is determined from the formula:
where: mt/,
mload
takeoff
mass
is
determined
as
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data
Table 3 . 1 . 2
I
I
with
cargo
located
inside
fuselage
Name of mass
with:
with external carried
people
with
with
store
one ad. two a d ditiona ditiotank
na 1
tanks
- unloaded helicopter
- crew (three members)
- oil, when system is
fully filled with oi
- drainable remainder
of unusable fuel
- entrance ladder
- cargo ramps
- external store
- winch FJI-47
- additional fuel tank
with fasteners and
mounting fittings
- seats with seat
belts for 27 seats
7240
240
72
20
7
49
(cont'd)
3.1.10
7628
Loaded helicopter,
including:
Ferrying
helicopter
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data
59
3.1.8.
Dec 23/93
3.1.11
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data
reference points at which the
flight parameters are checked.
other
The distance flown, flight time and quantity of fuel consumed during the takeoff and climb in the maximum climb rate
conditions (with the engines running at the nominal power,
indicated airspeed being in compliance with the recommendations laid down in Section 7 ) are selected from Table 3.1.3.
3.1.12
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data
3.1.9.3.Descent, Approach and Landing
The distance flown, flight time and quantity of fuel consumed during the descent and landing (without allowance for
the time and fuel consumption during the approach) are
selected from Table 3.1.4.
Table 3.1.4
Top of
descent,
m
Indicated
airspeed,
km/h
Rate of
descent,
m/s
td
min
3
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
500
100
Deceleration
Hovering
Dec 23/93
3.1.13
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data
Table 3 . 1 . 5
Helicopter
mass in hover0
ing, m
3.1.14
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
64
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data
The quantity of fuel consumed by the engines during their
operation on the ground includes:
the fuel consumption in starting and warning up the engines, taxiing to the takeoff position - 30 kg for 5 min
( 6 kglmin);
(a) The length of the route horizontal leg (Lh,f) is calculated from the formula:
Lh.f
"
(Lcl
Ldes)
(3.1.31,
where L
is
the total length of the route between the airfields of departure and destination (it is determined as a result of plotting the route);
Lc 1
is
Ldes
is
where: T
at
takeoff;
(refer to
tcl
tdes
tappr
Dec 23/93
time
at
landing
(refer
to
3.1.15
FI,IGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data
If time T is not assigned, the flight time on the horizontal
leg is calculated from the formula:
th.f
where: Vtrue
ue
Lh.f
(3.1.5)
+U e
Vtrue the true airspeed of the flight;
is
is
velocity
(refer
to
where
is
Mend
K'C4end'Lh.f
(3.1.7)
- 0.5;
where: K
Mst -
'qst
Lh.f
(3.1.8),
- 0.5 (Mst
(cont
3.1.16
'
Mend)
'dl
Dec 23/93
(3.1.9).
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data
The fuel consumption in flight, with one engine shut down,
is calculated by reference to the data presented in Table
3 . 1 . 6 . Fuel consumption per hour Q = q . Vtrue for any of
speeds and altitu.des is determined from the graphs presented
in Figs 3.1.20 to 3.1.27. Values q and Q at the long-range
cruise speeds for the various flight masses are indicated in
Table 7.5.2.
3.1.9.6.Calculation of Flight Range and Endurance
Carrying External Store
for Helicopter
Vind, km/h
160
100
110
120
130
140
1.3
1.7
2.1
2 . 5 3 . 0 3.6
170
180
190
200
210
Dec 23/93
150
220
230
240
3.1.17
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data
In this case, the mean flight mass for determining the fuel
consumption per kilometer is taken with due account of the
external store mass.
When carrying the external stores having the maximum crosssection other than that of 1 m 2 , the increment of fuel consumption per kilometer is determined by multiplying the percentage of its increment Aq when carrying the external store
with maximum cross-section of 1 m2 (refer to Table 3.1.5) by
the actual maximum cross-section of the carried store.
When calculating the flight range and endurance of the helicopter carrying the external store, it is necessary to additionally take into account:
the fuel consumption and time for the takeoff and cargo
attachment - 60 k g , 4 minutes;
the fuel consumption and time for selection of a site,
cargo release and landing - 50 k g , 5 minutes.
3.1.9.7.Allowance for Influence of Various Factors
on Calculated Characteristics of Flight
The flight calculation should be made with allowance for
influence of the wind, difference between the outside air
temperature and the standard one, main rotor speed, engine
power take-off t o t h e helicopter systems.
(a) Wind Direction and Velocity
It is recommended to take the wind influence into account
with the aid of the so-called equivalent wind adopted and
approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO). The equivalent wind implies a false wind which
always coincides with the route direction and gives much the
same value of the ground speed as the true wind. For the
equivalent wind velocity versus the velocity and direction
of true wind, refer to Table 3 . 1 . 8 .
Practically, Table 3 . 1 . 8 ensures the sufficient accuracy for
the entire range of wind velocities of the helicopter. It is
recommended to make the calculation of the fuel consumption
in flight with allowance for the wind by reference to the
3.1.10
Dec 23/93
d .F
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data
air track covered by the helicopter in flight to the assigned range under the influence of the equivalent headwind
or tail wind.
The time in flight on a route leg may be determined either
by the air track and true airspeed or by the actual length
of the track leg and ground speed. The helicopter air track
is determined with the use of the graph presented in Fig.
3.1.34.
For using the graph presented in Fig. 3 . 1 . 3 4 , proceed as
follows :
Dec 23/93
3.1.19
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data
Table 3 . 1 . 8
Equivalent Wind Velocity at True Wind Velocity
Wind
Tail wind
Headwind
Wind angle
degree
right left
drift drift
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
360
350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
20
20
19
17
15
12
9
6
2
I
4
8
11
12
16
17
19
20
20
30
30
28
25
22
18
13
8
3
2
7
12
17
21
24
26
28
30
30
40
39
37
34
29
23
17
10
2
4
11
18
23
28
32 1
36
38
39
40
50
49
46
42
35
28
20
11
1
7
15
23
30
36
41
47
49
50
60
59
55
49
42
33
22
12
70
69
64
57
49
37
24
12
80
78
73
65
54
41
26
12
1
10
20
29
37
44
1
14
25
36
45
53
3
18
60
31
43
54
62
80
(cont ' d l
3.1.20
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data
69
3 % , when the ice protection system of the air intakes and inlet guide vane assemblies of the engines
are switched on;
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
3.1.21
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data
of action of the helicopter. If the helicopter returns from
the flight route to the alternate airfield, the critical
point should be located at such a distance from the alternate airfield so that the actual air track of the helicopter
does not exceed the remaining distance of flight by reference to the actual quantity of fuel remained aboard the
helicopter.
The distance to the critical point of return to the airfield
of departure is calculated from the formula:
where: LC , p
L
range
with
available
ue
V , kmlh
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
1.4
1.9
2.5
3.1
3.9
4.7
5.5
6.5
7=20
0.7
1.4
1.7
2.2
2.8
3.3
4.6
7-30
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.4
1.8
2.1
2.5
2.9
- 15'
(cont'd)
3.1.22
Uec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
(cont' d)
Dec 23/93
3.1.23/24
*qj/?q
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT
FLIGHT MANUAL
of Flight Data. Nomographs. Graphs
. Calculation
Deo 23/93
3 5/?6
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT
FLXGICT MANUAL
of Flight Data, Nomographs, Graphs
- Calculation
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
3.1.2'7,'2S
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data, Nomographs, Graphs
(cont'dt
Dec 23/93
3.1.29/30
?9
PREPARATION FOX FLIGHT
FLIGHT MANUAL
Calculation of Flight Data, Nomoaraahs, G r a ~ h s
Dec 23/93
3.1.31
F L I G H T MANUAL
Dec 23/93
YO
8/
PLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATlOS I'OK FLIGIII' -
1 I
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
-3.1.33
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT
C a l c u l a t i o n of F l i g h t D a t a , Nomographs, Graphs
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
3.1.34.
82
83
PREPARATION FOR FLIGIIT
FLIGHT MANUAL
Calculation of F l i ~ h tData, Nomographs, Graphs
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
3.2.. 25
FLIGHT MANUAL
Calculation of Flight Data, Nomographs, Graphs
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
3.1.36
8Y
85
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT
FLIGHT MANUAL
Calculation of Flight Data, Nomographs, Graphs
(cont'd'l
86
FLIGIfT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT
Lop, km
ljD0 ~ I S A; mfg
fT
(cont'd)
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
3.1.35
87
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT
FLIGHT MANUAL
Calculation of Flight Data, Nomographs, Graphs
t ~ : mLq
s ~for 3D-min fight of &p
I I
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
:;.1.>9
FLIGlIT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT
Calculation of F l i g h t Data, N o m o g r a p h s , G r a p h s
(cotit'dl
Dec 23/93
3.1.40
8,3
89
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT
FLIGHT MANUAL
Calculation of Flight Data, Nomographs, Graphs
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
?.. ?. ,!2.
PLIGHT MANUAL
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
3.1.42
$0
91
FLIGHT MANUAL
(cont'd)
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
PLIGHT MANUAL
C a l c u l a t i o n of F l i g h t Data, N o m o g r a p h s , G r a p h s
3%
5j
FLIGHT MANUAL
(cont'd)
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
;.1,ci
. FLIGHT MANUAL
-'~ a i l c u l a t i o nof P l i g h t Data, Nornographs , Graphs
(cont'd)
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
3.1.46
94'
PREPARATION FOR PLIGHT
FLIGHT MANUAL
Calculation of Flight Data, Nomographs, Graphs
(cont'd)
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
3.1.47
PLIGHT MANUAL
Calculation of Flight Data, Nomographs, Graphs
(cont'dt
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
3.1.48
96
91
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT
FLIGHT MANUAL
Calculation of Flizht Data, Nomo~ravhs.Gravhs
(cont'd)
FLIGHT MANUAL
Calculation o f Flight Data, Nomographs, Graphs
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
3.1.50
38
29
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT
FLIGHT MANUAL
Calculation of Flight Data, Nomographs, Graphs
MH)
500
COO
200
PLIGHT MANUAL
Calculation of Plight Data, Nornographs, Graphs
(cont'd)
3.1.52
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
(5'0
FLIGHT MANUAL
Calculation of Flight Data, Nomographs, Graphs
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
.,
..*
,.I.;.,
PLIGIfT MANUAL
( . 3 ? ~ ~ 1 3 1 1 0 of
1 1 Fllgl~t D a t a , Nomographs, Graphs
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGIIT hlANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT
{OY
105'
FLIGHT MANUAL
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
-,
.re...
. 2--!
FLIGHT MANUAL
Calculation of Flight Data, Nomographs, Graphs
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
3.1.50
t190
'(OF
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT
FLIGHT MANUAL
Calculation of Fliaht Data, Nomoaraphs, G r a ~ h s
PLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Calculation of Flight Data, Nomographs, Graphs
Figure 3.1.35
3.1.60
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
fLt>j'
/V
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT
FLIGHT MANUAL
Calculation of Flight Data, Ncmographs, Graphs
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT
f
23-
-r
11
000
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
3.1.62
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
3.2.
PRE-FLIGHT CHECK
3.2.1.
General
3.2.1.1. The pre-flight check includes the mandatory inspection operations performed by the crew before flight on the helicopter up to termination of preparation for taxiing-out.
The pre-flight inspection includes the following stages:
external inspection;
helicopter
and
preparation
are
Dec 23/93
3.2.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
- the
- the
- the
- the
- the
- the
3.2.2.
Flight Manual;
Helicopter Registration Certificate;
Helicopter Airworthiness Certificate;
Helicopter Sanitary Condition Log;
Permit to Operate Radio Sets:
Helicopter Weight and Balance Manual.
Operations performed
Check :
- the skin and glazing of the flight
and cargo compartments for condition
- the windows and doors for condition
- the oil and fuel for absence of
leakage
Engines
Check:
- for absence of foreign objects;
- the cowls for intactness and cowl
locks for serviceability;
- for absence of oil and fuel leakages
Landing gear
3.2.2
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
3 . 2 . 2 . 3 . Checklist for Co-Pilot to Perform
External Inspection
To be inspected
Operations performed
Check:
- the skin and glazing of the flight
and cargo compartments, windows and
doors for condition;
- windshield wipers for attachment and
mating contact:
- the antennae for proper attachment
and fairings for intactness;
- the pitot-static tube for condition
and proper attachment, make sure that
the slip covers are removed
Engines
Check :
- for absence of foreign objects;
- the cowls for intactness and cowl
locks for serviceability;
- for absence of oil and fuel leakages
Landing gear
Helicopter inspection
results
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
3.2.3
FLXGIIT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
3 . 2 . 2 . 4 . Checklist for Flight Engineer to Perform
Operations performed
Make sure that they are not damaged, free to open and close.
Open them for inspection and close them
after inspection
Fuselage
Check:
- the skin for being free from damage;
- the compartment glazing for condition;
- the windshield wipers for proper attachment and mating contact;
- the antennae for proper attachment and
the fairings for intactness;
- for absence of leakage of fuel and oil
AMI' ;
- the glasses of the external lighting
and warning systems for intactness;
- to see that the grounding cable is
removed
Heater KO-50
Main rotor
Check:
- for absence of damage to the rotor
blade surface;
- the tips, trim tabs for condition;
3.2.4
Dec 23/93
16
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
Operations performed
To be inspected
Check :
- for absence of leakage of fluid on the
shock strut pistons ;
- the shock struts for proper filling as
indicated by the visible height of the
piston working part which should be:
(a) not more than 1.50 mm, for the nose
landing gear;
(b) for the main landing gear:
(90~20)m m , with the helicopter
weighing 11,100 k g ;
(68220) mm, with the helicopter
weighing 13,000 k g ;
- the wheel tire inflation by the tire
deflection, which should be:
(a) not more than 43 mm, for the nose
landing gear wheels;
(b) not more than 68 mm, for the main
landing gear wheels;
- for absence of the tire creeping with
respect to the trim marks
Check :
- the attachment fittings for intactness;
- for absence of physical damage;
Dec 23/93
3.2.5
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
To be inspected
Operations performed
Check :
- the hubs and blades for absence of
damage ;
- to see that the tail rotor is free from
ice and snow (in winter time);
- the level and colour of oil in the
check sleeves of the blade feathering
hinges, with the blade facing down in
the vertical position;
- to see that the lubricant leakage is
absent
Engines
3.2.6
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
/IF
Operations performed
To be inspected
Main, intermediate,
and tail gearboxes
Check :
Pipelines, hoses
(sleeves) of the hydrau- - for absence of physical damage and
fluid leakage;
lic system
- the level of oil AMr in the hydraulic
tanks by reference to the oil level
sight gauges (the oil level should be
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
3.2.7
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
To be inspected
Operations performed
located at the upper mark of the oil
dipstick)
Fire extinguishers
Fuel system
Check:
- the tanks for proper attachment;
- for absence of fuel lea,kage;
- the tanks for proper filling with fuel
External store
Check :
- the attachment fittings for intactness ;
- for absence of damage to the joints,
electrical locks and wiring;
- for absence of seizure of the clamps
and hooks when they are set in the
various positions in the gripping
fittings;
- the cables for completeness and proper condition (perform the check
before the flight in which the exter
nal store is expected to be used)
External inspection
results
(cont'd)
3.2.8
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
3.2.3.
Helico~terInternal Insaection
Operations performed
To be inspected
Receive
Individual features of
the helicopter
Get acquainted
Flight documentation
Indentification code
To be checked
Upper hatch
Work station
Seat, pedals
Movable blisters
'dl
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
3.2.9
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
To be inspected
Instruments
Operations performed
Oxygen equipment
Aircraft intercom
Check the intercom for proper communication among all crew members after the
flight engineer reports that the onboard electrical system has been energized and checked
Barometric altimeter
3.2.10
Dec 23/93
FLIGHTMANUAL
PREPARATION FOR F'LIGHT
To be inspected
Pre-Fliqht Check
Operations performed
for correspondence to the actual pressure
at the airfield level (the difference
should be within .+ 1 . 5 mm Hg) .
Check for presence of the altimeter table.
Annunciator panel
Ice detector
Fuel system
Heater KO-50
(contId)
Dec 23/93
3.2.11
FLIGHTMANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
Operations performed
To be inspected
- 3 min at to
above minus 40
OC
Wheel brake
3.2.12
(cont'd)
Dec.23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
Operations performed
To be inspected
(b) switch on the integral red lighting
of the instruments,
consoles and panels;
(c) switch on the navigation lights and
beacon MCJI-3;
(dl check the lamps for
serviceability
Crew report of the helicopter internal inspection results
Receive
Dec 23/93
3.2.13
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
(f) report the calculation of center of gravity, takeoff and
landing mass of the helicopter to the helicopter commander.
To be inspected
Operations performed
Individual features of
the helicopter
Work station
Seat, pedals
Movable blister
Annunciator panel
Intercom, communication
radio set
(cont'd)
3.2.14
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT
Pre-Flight Check
To be inspected
Operations performed
Check the fuel quantity gauge for serviceability, determine the total fuel
quantity in the tanks and report the
matter to the helicopter commander
Lighting equipment
Before the night flight, check the instrument integral lighting, the lamps
for serviceability
Oxygen equipment
Ground-speed meter
Weather radar
Long-range navigation
system
Instrument error correc- Check to see that the charts are available
tion charts
Aircraft clock
Barometric altimeters
, Inspection results
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
fa
Inspection of Helicopter
To be inspected
Operations performed
Individual features of
the helicopter
Cargo (passenger) compartment
Flight compartment
glazing
Seat belts
Instruments
Pneumatic system
Oxygen equipment
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
To be inspected
Operations performed
unit by order of the helicopter commander and switch on the APU generator.
Inform the crew members about application of electric power
Annunciators, power
plant instruments, fuel
quantity gauge, booster
and transfer pumps
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
3.2.3.7
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
To be inspected
Operations performed
Lighting equipment
3.2.18
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
Operations performed
To be inspected
Airborne flight data re- Set the flight data recorder system to
the MAN (PYYH.) position
corder system
I Inspection results
3.2.4.
3.2.4.1.
To be inspected
I
Main rotor
Voice recorder
II
/
Control stick
Make sure that the engine shutdown levers are placed in the CLOSED (3AKPbITO)
position
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
3.2.19
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
To be inspected
Operations performed
Tank pumps
Hydraulic system
switches
3.2.20
(cont'd)
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
To be inspected
Operations performed
Operations performed
Engines
Switcher of AC generators
I
I
Tank pumps
External store system
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
3.2.4.5. General Instructions for Cooperation of Crew Members
During Starting, Warm-Up and Test of Engines
(a) Prior to starting the engines, the crew should perform
the check-out as directed in the "Before Starting Engines" section of the check-out sheet.
(b) Only the helicopter commander is allowed to perform the
starting, warm-up and test of the engines; in this
case,
all the crew members should occupy their work stations.
(c) At the crosswind, the first to start is the engine on
the downwind side (when the wind blows from the right,
the first to start is the left engine).
(d) The engines are warmed up and tested, with the dust
protection devices being switched on, and when the outside
air temperature is +5 O C and below, the dust protection
device heater is cut in as well.
(e) While warming up the engines, the crew checks the helicopter systems and equipment for serviceability in compliance with the directions laid down in Section 8 of
the present Flight Manual.
3.2.5.
Operations performed
Engines
Autopilot
3.2.22
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
To be inspected
Operations performed
Identification system
Extreme roll
Wheel brakes
Landing lamps
Obstacles in direction
of taxiing
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
3.2.23
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
3.2.5.2. Checklist for Co-Pilot to Inspect Helicopter Before
Taxiing
To be inspected
Instruments
Operations performed
Make sure that the instruments read
properly
Automatic direction
finder APK
Blister
3.2.24
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT - Pre-Flight Check
3.2.5.3. Checklist for Flight Engineer to Inspect Helicopter Before
Taxiing-Out
To be inspected
Operations performed
Cargo compartment
Grounding cable
Work station
Storage batteries,
generators
Engines, transmission,
hydraulic system
/ Tachometric equipment
3.2.25
FLIGHT MANUAL
PREPARATION FORFLIGHT -Pre-Flight Check
- - A
Figure 3.2.1
3.2.26
Section 4
5:
.-6
+-2
Cd
NORMAL PROCEDURES
Gn
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Contents
S e c t i o n
NORMAL PROCEDURES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.1. Taxiing
Page
.............................................
4.1.1
.....................
4.2.1
................................................
.............................................
.....................................
....................................
.............................................
.....................................
.........................
Dec 23/93
Contents
4.1/2
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES
Taxiing
TAXIING
General
Prior to taxiing the helicopter, it is necessary to
perform all the operations specified in the "Before
Taxiing-Out" checklist and in the "Before Taxiing-Out"
section of the check-out sheet.
Perform all the operations as directed in the "Taxiing"
section of the check-out sheet.
Perform the taxiing on the hard and even surface of the
pad (refer to Section 2) at the speed n o t exceeding
30 kmlh and the wind velocities indicated in Item 2.5.7.3.
If the pad condition does not ensure the taxiing or the
wind velocity exceeds the tolerable value, it is necessary
to perform a hop instead of the taxiing or takeoff directly from the pad, acting as directed in Sub-Section 4 . 2 . TAKEOFF.
At the hindered parkings, if it is impossible to perform
the taxiing, hop or takeoff, the helicopter should be
towed to the starting and holding point.
In case of the crosswind taxiing, to prevent the
helicopter spontaneous turn upwind and banking downwind,
it is necesary to counteract the turn by the respective
deflection of the pedals, and the banking, by deflecting
the control stick upwind.
While taxiing the helicopter on the wet ground or ground
covered with precipitation, then, prior to parking the
helicopter, it is necessary to brake the main landing gear
wheels 2 or 3 times to remove moisture from the brakes and
to prevent freezing of the brake shoes during the
helicopter parking.
It is necessary to taxi the helicopter on the snow-covered
pads, if possible, on the rolled cover (on the prepared
pads) .
In the day time, in the conditions of poor visibility, the
rotor blade tip lights, navigation lights and flashing
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
4.1.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES
Taxiing
on.
If
necessary,
the
4.1.2.
4.1.3.
Taxiing Conditions
4.1.3.1.
4.1.2
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Taxiing
.-793
194
4.1.3.2.
If it is impossible to perform the taxiing without skidding, for example, on the slipping ground, with the crosswind being available thereon, it is necesssary to perform
a hop.
4.1.3.3.
w.NEVER
-000Dec 23/93
4.1.3/4
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Takeoff and Low-Altitude Flight
4.2.
4.2.1.
General
climb without
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
4.2.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Takeoff and Low-Altitude Flight
All the types of takeoffs and low-altitude flights near the
ground should be performed so as to avoid the helicopter
prolonged staying in the danger areas of altitude and airspeed shown on the graph presented in Fig. 7 . 3 . 3 of the present Flight Manual, determined from the conditions of landing safety in case of failure of one engine.
The minimum dimensions of the helicopters and landing pads
as well as the maximum angles of their approach areas should
correspond to the recommendations laid down in Sub-section
2 . 6 of the present Flight Manual.
Each time, prior to performing a flight, the helicopter
con?mander should execute the check hovering near the ground
with a view to checking the power plant for proper
functioning, helicopter control system for serviceability
and helicopter center of gravity, determining the type of
takeoff.
Before hovering (takeoff), the crew should perform all the
operations specified in the "At Holding Point" and "At
Lineup" sections of the check-out sheet.
The ice protection system is switched on before takeoff in
compliance with the directions laid down in Section 8.
In case of failure of one engine at takeoff, the helicopter
commander should make decision to discontinue or continue
the takeoff depending on the particular situation and
possibilities for 'landing or continuation of the flight. In
this case, act as directed in Item 6 . 7 . 3 for the given
situation.
Vertical Takeoff. Hovering Turns, Hovering Movement and
Low-Altitude Flight Near Ground
The hovering near the ground is performed before each flight
(the check hovering) and also with the view of training and
in performing special operations.
For performing the vertical takeoff and hovering, proceed as
follows:
4.2.2
Dec 23/93
f9F
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Takeoff and Low-Altitude Flight
after making certain that the instruments read normally,
contact the command post and request the clearance for
performing the check hovering;
set the throttle control twist grip to the rightmost
position and increase the main rotor collective pitch up
In this case, the main rotor speed should amount to
to .'3
95 % .
If necessary, set the preset main rotor speed with the aid
of the resetting switch;
One should bear in mind that the takeoff power gained by the
engines is determined by decreasing the main rotor speed,
when moving the collective pitch control lever upward, from
95 X down to 92 to 9 4 % and the engine turbocompressor speed
corresponding to the takeoff power at the given ambient air
temperature, in accordance with the graph presented in Fig.
8.2.3 of the present Flight Manual. Besides, the takeoff
power gain is checked by the crew by reference to the power
indicator.
CAUTION. DURING LIFTOFF, THE HELICOPTER TENDS TO MOVE FORWARD AND TO THE LEFT, THEREFORE, IT IS NECESSARY TO
COUNTERACT THIS TENDENCY BY RESPECTIVELY DEFLECTING
THE CONTROL ELEMENTS AND TRIM OUT THE SLIGHT CONTROL FORCES BY DEPRESSING THE AUTOTRIM BUTTON.
At an altitude of not below 3 m , it is necessary
determine the engine power rating and make certain that:
the power
takeoff ;
reserve
to
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
4.2.3
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Takeoff and Low-Altitude Flight
4.2.2.4.
&-&.
4.2.2.5.
take the wind velocity and direction near the ground into
account. With the wind velocity amounting to 1 0 m/s, the
hovering movement may be performed in any direction with
(cont'd)
4.2.4
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
;Y/B
NORMAL PROCEDURES
FLIGHT MANUAL
Takeoff and Low-Altitude Flight
avoid the forward speed in excess of 10 km/h when performing the backward and cross movements;
Dec 23/93
: 4.2.5
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Takeoff and Low-Altitude Flight
make sure that the indication of the engine instruments is
normal, the hovering height and power reserve are sufficient for accelerating the helicopter;
-descend the helicopter to an altitude of 1 m ;
4.2.4.
4.2.4.1.
The no-run takeoff with acceleration without the ground effect is performed when the obstacles in the takeoff direction do not allow the helicopter acceleration in the ground
effect and when the helicopter carries the external store.
The helicopter takeoff mass should ensure the hovering
without the ground effect; it is predetermined by the
nomograph presented in Figs 3.1.1 and 3 . 1 . 2 .
4.2.4.2.
(cont'd)
4.2.6
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
7rb
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Takeoff and Low-Altitude Flight
f.f-1
gradually deflecting the control stick forward, accelerate the helicopter and, if the excessive power is
available simultaneously increase the engine power till
the takeoff one is gained.
Short Takeoff
4.2.5.1.
4.2.5.2.
touch down the helicopter, decrease the main rotor collective pitch so that the helicopter steadily rests on
the ground;
deflecting the control stick forward and gradually increasing the collective pitch, perform the helicopter
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
4.2.7
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Takeoff and Low-Altitude Flight
'transition to the takeoff running till the speed of 20 to
40 km/h is gained.
Continue to increase the main rotor collective pitch (till
the takeoff power is gained) and pull the control stick
backward, lift off the helicopter. During the takeoff run,
the helicopter tends to raise the main landing gear wheels
off the ground first and then, the nose' landing gear wheel.
Counteract this tendency at the moment of liftoff by pulling
the control stick backward. After liftoff, bring the indicated airspeed of 60 to 70 km/h, executing at the same time
a gradual climb: counteract the changes in the lateral and
directional trims as well as the helicopter tendency for the
altitude loss at the moment of energetic acceleration by
deflecting the respective control elements. Counteract the
helicopter drift tendency at the crosswind takeoff by deflecting the control stick windward. The right-hand crosswind
takeoff is more complicated and requires the particular
attention.
At all types of takeoff, perform a climb till the obstacles
are negotiated at the airspeed of 60 to 70 km/h.
After flying over the obstacles (but at the altitude not less
than 20 m), it is necessary to accelerate the helicopter to'
an airspeed of 120 km/h.
This airspeed should be maintained constant till an altitude
of 1 0 0 m is reached. After climbing to an altitude of 1 0 0 m ,
change over the he'licopter to the steady power in accordance
with the flight mission.
4.2.6.
4.2.6.1.
4.2.8
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Climb
4.3.
CLIMB
4.3.1.
General
sary to change over the pressure scale of barometric altimeters from the airfield pressure to the 760-mm Hg readout.
When flying 'the helicopter at low altitudes, below the lower
flight level, after exit from the circle, the minimum pressure reduced to the sea level is set on the route. Initially, the pressure readout is set by the co-pilot, then
after his report and after rollout on the course, by the
helicopter commander.
4 . 3 . 1 . 4 . In case of the prolonged climbing, it is necessary to take
tude, the climb should be executed as with the main rotor speed
at least 92 %. During the steady climb, all the crew members
should scan the air space in their sectors of view and report
the helicopter commander on the detected obstacles.
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
4.3.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Climb
4.3.1.8.
4.3.1.9.
4.3.2.1.
To be inspected
Pressure indication on
barometric altimeter
I Set
Heading, airspeed and
altitude according to
the traffic pattern (directions of the air
traffic controller)
4.3.2
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Climb
Operations performed
To be inspected
Engine power rating
Set
Altimeters
Cargo compartment
To be inspected
Barometric altimeter
Heading, flight altitude and airspeed
Check of the flight track and
general orientation
Operations performed
Set the pressure of 760 mm Hg
Check and report the matter to
the helicopter commander
Carry out
Operations performed
To be inspected
Readings of the instruments monitoring the operation of the helicopter power plant and systems
I Lashing
Check
I Check
Make sure
(cont'd)
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
4.3.3
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Climb
The flight engineer reports the check results to the helicopter commander.
4.3.3.
Climb Conditions
4.3.3.1.
4.3.3.2.
4.3.3.3.
Notes: 1. The engine power rating is determined by reference to the engine power indicator until reach-
4.3.4
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Climb
ing the maximum permissible speed of the turbocompressor or gas temperature as specified in
Sub-section 8.2 of the present Flight Manual.
2. On reaching the maximum permissible turbocompressor speed or gas temperature, the power setting and monitoring should be performed by reference to the parameter to be the first to
reach its maximum permissible value.
4.3.3.4.
4.3.4.
4.3.4.1.
4.3.5.
4.3.5.1.
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
4.3.5/6
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Cruisinq Fliqht
4.4.
CRUISING FLIGHT
4.4.1.
General
4.4.1.1. During the level flight, the crew should perform the operations relating to the monitoring and control of the power
plant, systems and equipment of the helicopter, specified
in Section 8 for the cruising flight.
4.4.2.1. Depending on the flight mass and altitude, the level flight
is performed within the range of airspeeds indicated in
Section 7. Maintain the flight altitude above 2700 m,
taking into account the airborne altimeter table data.
It is recommended to perform the prolonged enroute flights
at the cruising airspeeds. With the external conditions
varying, correct the calculated parameters of the cruising
flight in compliance with the directions laid down in SubSection 7.5.
Make the turns and 360 turns at the roll angles indicated
in Section 2.
The power plant operating conditions should be within the
limits indicated in Section 8.
4.4.2.2. For the automatic hold of the heading, it is recommended to
perform the steady flight without turns at the safe
altitude, without depression of the pedals.
4.4.2.3. The prolonged level flight may be performed, with the
control stick and pedals being released, for which purpose
proceed as follows:
(cont'd)
Nov 18/04
4.4.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Cruisinq Flight
4.4.2.4. For transition from the level flight to the climb, gradually deflect the collective pitch control lever to set
the assigned rate of vertical climb and use the control
stick to set the required flight airspeed.
For transition from the level flight to the descent, deflect the collective pitch control lever down till the assigned rate of vertical descent is obtained and use the
control stick to set the assigned flight airspeed.
4.4.2.5. The helicopter tendency to the roll, pitch and yaw
deviations in the transient conditions should be counteracted by the respective deflections of the control stick
and pedals and trim out the control forces by making the
short and frequent depressing on the autotrimmer button.
To prevent the helicopter over swinging, before depressing
the button, do not apply the excessive forces to the
control stick and also perform the transient conditions,
with the autotrimmer button depressed.
4.4.3.
Nov 18/04
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Cruising Flight
the considerable deflection of the control stick forward.
During the further increase in the level flight airspeed,
the amount of control stick forward deflection decreases.
It is necessary to avoid the prolonged flights at the
airspeeds from 20 to 50 km/h since they are accompanied by
the increased vibration of the helicopter structure and
unstable readings of the airspeed indicators.
Peculiarities of Helicooter Flvinp in Turbulent Air
When flying the helicopter in the turbulent (bumpy) air
conditions, the indicated airspeed may vary within 20 to
30 km/h, the heading may vary within 4 to 6 deg and the
rate-of-climb indicator readings are unstable.
When the. helicopter gets into these conditions, it is
necessary to change the flight altitude to leave the
extreme turbulence zone.
When flying the helicopter in the extreme turbulence area,
avoid the sharp pitch-up evolutions, make the turns at a
roll not exceeding 15'.
Do not attempt to exactly hold the
initial flight conditions concerning the altitude and
airspeed, fly the helicopter by reference to the gyro
horizon readings. In the extreme turbulence conditions, it
is necessary to fly the helicopter at the indicated airspeed of 160 to 180 km/h and flight altitude up to 2000 m
and
at the indicated airspeeds by 15 to 30 km/h less
that the maximum airspeed of the flight, with the flight
altitude exceeding 2000 m.
In the extreme turbulence conditions, it is necessary to
perform the flight, with the autopilot altitude channel
disengaged. In case of the pedal jerks, disengage the yaw
channel.
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
4.4.3
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Cruising Flight
The helicopter .takeoff mass should ensure the flight in
the assigned conditions, with one engine being inoperative, at ,the optimum speed; it is determined from the
graph presented in Fig. 3.1.5 of the present Flight
Manual.
4.4.6.2.
4.4.6.3.
4.4.4
Dec 23/93
at
the
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Descent
4.5.
DESCENT
4.5.1.
General
with
the
4.5.1.6. In intercepting the transition level at descent, it is necessary to set the barometric pressure of the landing airfield on altimeters first by the helicopter commander, then
by the co-pilot.
4.5.1.7. For the time of descent, fuel consumption and distance
flown, refer to Section 3.
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
4.5.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Descent
4.5.2.
Operations performed
Get acquainted
Barometric altimeter
1 Set
Heading selector
Disengage
Set to read 60 m
Air space in his sector, especially Observe and estimate by reference to the radio
in the descent direction
conversation with the ATC
controller
4.5.2
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Descent
4 . 5 . 2 . 2 . Checklist for Co-Pilot
Operations performed
To be inspected
Takeoff mass, center of gravity
and amount of remaining fuel
Observe and estimate by reference to the radio conversation with the approach controller
4.5.2.3.
the
helicopter
commander
on
the
To be inspected
Operations performed
Readings of the instruments monitoring the operation of the helicopter power plant and systems
Check
Check
Check
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
4.5.3
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Descent
4.5.3.
Descent Conditions
4.5.3.1.
4.5.3.2.
4.5.3.3.
4.5.3.4.
4.5.4
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
(23
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Descent
The recommended main rotor speed is 95 2 2 % .
The recommended descent rate at the altitudes below 2 0 0 0 m
is within 1 2 0 to 1 8 0 km/h; in this case the vertical rate
should be within 3 to 5 m/s.
Notes: 1. In case of the turbocompressor speed variations
due to actuation of the air bleed valves, change
(increase or decrease) the engine power rating
with a view to stop the periodic opening and
closing of the valves.
2 . When performing the power - on flight, the decre -
4.5.3.6.
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
4.5.5
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Descent
maintain the main rotor speed within the tolerable limits after transition to the autorotation by changing
the collective pitch control lever.
4.5.4.
4.5.4.1.
4.5.5.
4.5.6
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Descent
769
fro
4.5.5.1.
4.5.6.
Holding Flight
4.5.6.1.
coordinated
- 000Dec 23/93
4.5.7/8
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES
Landing Approach
LANDING APPROACH
General
The instrument approach in the day time and at night may
be executed at the airfield provided with the ground controlled approach system (GCAS) and landing system equipment
(LSE) or one locator beacon at the meteorological minima
indicated in Section 2 .
The flight in the airfield area is performed in compliance
with the approach pattern authorized for the given
airfield.
If the airfield is provided with the ground controlled approach system and landing system equipment, the GCA system
is the main approach means, whereas the landing system
equipment is used for monitoring the approach.
While approaching the airfield, the crew should perform
the monitoring and control of the power plant, systems and
equipment of the helicopter, specified in Section 8 for
the given stage of flight and in the "After Transition to
Airfield Level Pressure" and "Before Rollout on Base Leg"
sections of the check-out sheet.
The radio altimeter selector is set to a value of 60 m by
the helicopter commander after transition to the airfield
level pressure, and for the training and practice
purposes, before taxiing-out according to the approach
pattern.
Pilotinp Techniaue
General
The approach maneuver is performed in accordance with the
aeronautical information publication pattern intended for
the piston-engined aircraft and helicopters.
The main approach pattern
approach traffic pattern.
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
is
the
tight
rectangular
4.6.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Landing Approach
Depending on the particular conditions, the airfield approach is performed at one of the lower holding flight
levels or at the preselected circling flight altitude. The
helicopter is brought from the pattern to the locator
outer marker (LOM) or to one of the points of the tight
rectangular approach pattern over the shortest way.
In the first case, perform the approach according to the
standard pattern (refer to the Flight Manual, Fig. 4.6.11,
for which purpose proceed as follows:
turn);
4.6.2
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Landing Approach
YC during the left-hand turn and 120'
during the right-hand turn);
2 drift angle YC
Note. When flying the helicopter in the rectangular pattern, beginning with the moment of flying abeam the
locator outer marker it is necessary to maintain the
forward speed of 160 kmlh, descending, if necessary,
so that, not later than the final turn end moment,
the helicopter occupies the preselected altitude of
the circling flight. If the longitudinal or side
component of wind velocity exceeds 5 m/s, it is
expedient to introduce the corrections into the
Dec 23/93
4.6.3
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Landing Approach
course on %he rectangular legs at a rate of 1.5' for
each meter per second of the wind velocity component, taking into account the respective change in
the check relative bearings;
after accomplishing the turn on final, it is necessary
to set the flight speed of 140 km/h.
It is expedient to hold the flight direction on the base
leg by reference to indicator YI'P-4YIC, for which purpose
proceed as follows:
4.6.4
making the smooth inconsiderable corrective turns, preserve the indicated relation of the angles on the indicator, if the approach angle varies; in this case, the
helicopter will fly along the base leg or the leg close
to it, with the drift being automatically taken into
account:
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Landing Approach
Check the track in direction when flying on the base leg
by reference to the position of the radio compass narrow
pointer on indicator YI'P-4YK with respect to the heading
selector wide pointer, i.e. in the same manner as during
the en-route flight.
In this case:
at the decision altitude of +30 m , the helicopter commander, proceeding with the instrument flying, momentarily shifts his sight (several times, if necessary) to
the out-of-flight compartment space, starts establishing
the visual contact with the ground landmarks and estimates the helicopter position with respect to the runway. In this case, the co-pilot checks the flight only
against the instruments', without distracting his attention to the out-of-flight compartment space;
(cont'd)
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
4.6.5
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Landing Approach
;
if the visual contact with the approach lights is established at the decision altitude and the lateral deviations from the runway center line do not exceed 150 m ,
the helicopter commander gives the "Landing" command and
the visual landing is performed;
4.6.2.4.
rate-of
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Landing Approach
the aeronautical
airfield.
information
publication
Dec 23/93
4.6.7
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Landing Approach
:
set the selector switch located on the intercommunication system control box to the RC2 (PK2) position and
the CIIY - RADIO (CIIY - PAHHO) selector switch to the
RADIO position; in this case, the volume control located
on the intercommunication system control box should be
placed in the maximum volume position;
4.6.8
set the function selector switch to the position corresponding to the alive indicator lamp (WB or NB). If the
NB (YII) indicator lamp illuminates, set the function
selector switch to the NB position;
use the ANT L (or ANT R) (AHT. JI. (HI) button to deflect
the indicator pointer to the left or to the right from
the bearing position and make certain that when the
button is released, the pointer returns to the previous
position :
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Landing Approach
At the great distances, it is necessary to start homing in
the NB (Yn) mode. With the signal volume increasing in the
earphones, it is necessary to change over to the WB (IM)
mode since automatic direction finder APK-YA functions
more reliably in this mode;
if necessary, introduce the corrections into the heading, with the relative bearing being equal to ;
'
0
determine the emergency VHF radio set flyover by reference to the relative bearing change from 0 to 180';
4.6.9
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES
Landing Approach
( c o n t 'dl
4.6.10
Dec 23/93
1'84
F L I G H T
NORMAL PROCEDURES
GO-around
M A N U A L
Landing Approach
Hrtf
%=%,design
Va'i&,des,sn
Hcr
HLOM
LMM
F L I G H T
NORMAL PROCEDURES
M A N U A L
- Landing
Approach
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Landing
4.7.
LANDING
4.7.1.
General
4.7.1.1.
the no-run landing in the ground effect, i . e , the deceleration till the helicopter hovers at the altitude of
2.0 to 3.0 m from the ground to the helicopter landing
gear wheels and the subsequent vertical descent till the
helicopter touches down;
4.7.1.2.
4.7.1.3.
Dec 23/93
4.7.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Landing
4.7.1.4.
Notes:
air. The crosswind or downwind results in increase or decrease of the descent path slope at
the constant forwad speed (airspeed) and descent
rate values. The dependence of the descent angle
on the descent rate at the constant forward
indicated airspeed of 60 to 7 0 km/h for the
various values of crosswind and downwind velocities is shown on the graph presented in
Fig. 4 . 7 . 1 .
4.7.1.5.
4.7.1.6.
4.7.2
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - LANDING
4.7.1.7. When landing' the helicopter in the poor visibility conditions, at the helicopter commander's discretion, the
landing lamps should be switched on.
4.7.2.
Landing Technique
4.7.3
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - LANDING
If the necessity arises to go around after hovering, climb
vertically over the pad to the altitude exceeding the
obstacle height by 10 m, after which accelerate the
helicopter.
4.7.2.2. No-Run Landing in Ground Effect
The helicopter landing at the airfields and on the pads
allowing the use of ground effect is the main type of the
helicopter landing.
It is necessary to start decreasing the vertical and
forward speeds of the flight at the altitude of 40 to 50 m
relative to the touch-down point.
Increase the collective pitch gradually, avoiding the main
rotor speed drop below 88 %, and so that the descent rate
amounts to not more than 1.5 to 2 m/s at the indicated
airspeed below 40 km/h. Beginning with the altitude of 10
to 6 m, smoothly deflecting the control elements, it is
necessary to finely reduce the forward and vertical speeds
of the helicopter so that it hovers at the altitude of 2 to
3 m.
As the helicopter approaches the ground, decrease the descent rate so that, by the moment of touch-down, it does not
exceed 0.2 m/s.
WARNING. A LAG OF INCREASING THE ENGINE POWER AND SHARP INCREASE IN THE ENGINE POWER BEFORE THE HELICOPTER
HOVERING MAY RESULT IN THE MAIN ROTOR SPEED
DECREASE AND ROUGH LANDING.
For going around, it is necessary to increase the collective pitch of the main rotor, avoiding the main rotor speed
drop below 92 % and, deflecting the control stick forward,
accelerate the helicopter to the required forward speed and
go into a climb.
Before touching down, avoid the lateral displacements of
the helicopter, especially to the left.
In the process of deceleration and hovering, trim out the
control
stick
force by
periodically
depressing
the
(cont'd)
4.7.4
Dec 23/93
'.
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Landing
autotrimmer button. Before the helicopter hovering near
the ground, deflect the control stick forward and to the
right to counteract the helicopter tendency to increase in
the pitch angle, turn and left roll. A failure to comply
with this requirement may result in the backward displacement of the helicopter or to its rough landing.
4.7.2.3.
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
4.7.5
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Landing
this case completely the collective pitch, apply the
wheel brake. After the helicopter comes to a stop, set
the control stick to the neutral position, decrease the
main rotor collective pitch and completely turn the
control throttle twist grip to the left so as to prevent
the main rotor starting.
WARNING: 1. IN CASE OF OCCURRENCE OF THE "GROUND RESONANCE" DURING THE LANDING RUN, IT IS NECESSARY
TO DECREASE THE MAIN ROTOR PITCH TO THE MINIMUM VALUE WITHOUT DELAY, TURN THE THROTTLE
CONTROL TWIST GRIP FULLY TO THE LEFT, THEN
SHUT DOWN THE ENGINES.
2. TO PREVENT THE TAIL BOOM CONTACT WITH THE MAIN
ROTOR BLADES, IT IS PROHIBITED TO CONSIDERABLY
PULL THE CONTROL STICK BACKWARD BEHIND THE
NEUTRAL POSITION, WITH THE MAIN ROTOR PITCH
3 AGAINST THE ROTOR PITCH INBEING LESS THAN '
DICATOR.
3. IN CASE OF THE CROSSWIND LANDING, HOLD THE
HELICOPTER AGAINST DRIFT WITH THE AID OF THE
CONTROL STICK DEFLECTED WINDWARD TILL THE COMPLETE TOUCH-DOWN OF THE HELICOPTER AND ITS
STEADY POSITION ON THE GROUND.
4.7.6
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - LANDING
4.7.3.
Post-Flight Inspection
After accomplishing the flight, prior to shutting down the
engines, it is necessary to perform the check inspection
according to the post-flight inspection checklists (refer
to Subitems 4.7.3.1, 4.7.3.2 and 4.7.3.3).
To be inspected
Operations performed
To be switched off
To be switched off
Stopwatch
To be switched off
Seat belt
To be unfastened
Heater KO-50
To be switched off
To be switched off
Hydraulic systems
To be switched off
Flashing light
To be switched off
Operations performed
To
To
To
To
To
be
be
be
be
be
switched
switched
switched
switched
switched
off
off
off
off
off
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - LANDING
4.7.3.3. Post-Flight Inspection Checklist for Helicopter Commander
Operations performed
To be inspected
] Throttle control
] To be
twist grip
(Wheel brake
To be applied
Autopilot
To be disengaged
Gyro horizon
To be switched off
Radio altimeter
To be switched off
IFF transponder
To be received
I To be
received
engines
(cont' d)
4.7.8
Dec 23/93
F L I G H T
W A N U A L
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
4.7.9/10
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
CHECK-OUT SHEET
General
The check-out sheet allows the crew to additionally check
the accomplishment of the most important operations defining the helicopter and its crew readiness for the next
flight stage and having the direct influence on the flight
safety .
The preparation for each flight stage should be carried
out in accordance with the checklists; the check against
the check-out sheet should be initiated only after each
member of the crew has reported on accomplishment of the
preparation in accordance with the checklist.
The check with use of the check-out sheet is a set of
mandatory operations carried out under supervision of the
helicopter commander at the assigned flight lines when
preparing for flights of any purpose.
The contents of check operations are given in the checkout sheet in the conventional generalized form, decoded in
the detailed contents of the check-out sheet of the present sub-section.
The check in compliance with the check-out sheet is initiated at the assigned flight lines by the command of the
helicopter commander.
After delivering the "Read the check-out sheet" command,
each crew member should be ready to carry out the read
check operations concerned and report as soon as the
operations are accomplished.
The respective section of the check-out sheet is read
aloud througtr the intercommuniction system (intercom) by
the flight engineer who after the last report on the
respective section of the check-out sheet, reports the
helicopter commander on the accomplishment of the check
against the respective section of the check-out sheet.
Dec 23/93
4.8.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
4.8.1.7.
4.8.2
the "At Holding Point" section to be read before requesting the clearance for taxiing-out to the lineup;
the "At
takeoff
all the
section
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
- the "After Transition to Airfield-Level Pressure" section to be read after receiving the descent clearance by
reference to the airfield-level pressure; depending on
the flight altitude, the "Before Descent" and "After
Transition to Airfield-Level Pressure" may be combined.
4.8.2.
No.
To be checked
(1)
Storage batteries
(external power
supply)
(2)
Voice recorder
(3)
Readability over
intercommunication
system
Collective pitch
control lever lock
Tail rotor pitch
limit system
(4)
(5)
(6)
Report
Reported by
helicop- co-pilot flight
ter comengi (CP)
mander
neer
(HC)
(FE)
1
Switched on
(connected),
voltage
normal
Switched on,
operative
Good
Dec 23/93
Open
Switched
on, serviceable
Near the
neutral pnsition
4.8.3
.
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
No.
(7
(8)
(9
(10)
(11)
(12)
To be checked
(13)
(14)
(15)
Collective pitch
control lever,
throttle control
twist grip
Annunciators
Information reporting system
Vibration equipment
Flight data recorder BYP
(16)
(17)
(18
(19)
4.8.4
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
No.
To be checked
:eported by
Report
helicopter commander
(HC)
(25)
(26)
(27)
(28)
(29)
Fuel pumps
Fire shut-off
valves
Engine shutdown
levers
External store
station
Cargo
engi -
FIREX
serviceable
ON
Serviceable
. . . ltr
Switched
off
Switched on
Open
Set in the
backward
position
Serviceable
Secured,
arranged,
clearances
normal
APU parameters
Stand-by generator
KYDRAULIC SYSTEM:
MAIN, STBY switches
Report
Leported by
helicop co-pilot flight
ter cam
engi (CP)
mander
neer
(KC)
(FE)
Normal
Switched on
Switched on
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
4.8.5
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
To be checked
Flashing beacons
IIT and T P - P 36 B
selector switches
Readiness for
starting the engines
4.8.3.
Report
Reported by
helicop- co-pilot flight
ter comengi (CP)
mander
neer
(KC)
(FE)
Switched on
Placed in
the MANUAL
position
Engines are
ready for
starting
1
1
No.
To be checked
(1
Engine operation
parameters
Dust protection
device
Gearboxes
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
I
(6)
Radio sets
Report
Normal
Switched on
Warmed up,
serviceable
AUTO START
l 1 /
Switched on,
serviceable
Switched on,
checked
(cont'd)
4.8.6
Reported by
helicop- co-pilot flight
ter comengi (CP)
neer
mander
(HC)
(FE)
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
No.
To be checked
Report
helicop- co-pilot
ter cornmander
I
1 (1)
(2)
(3)
flight
engi -
Switched on
tem of engines,
dust protection device
Ice protection sys- Switched on,
tem of rotors
Switched on
Heaters of pitotstatic tubes,
glass panels
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
To be checked
Report
Reported by
helicop- co-pilot flight
. engiter com(CP)
neer
mander
(HC)
(FE)
Switched on
Switched
off
Switched off
Placed in
the AUTO
position
1
1
(cont ' d )
Dec 23/93
4.8.7
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
No.
To be checked
Report
(5)
(6)
1
1
(7)
Roll monitoring
unit EKK
Compass system
Set
Switched
off, readings normal
Serviceable
Switched on,
slaved
Switched on,
tuned to
LOM (ONDB)
Switched
off, tuned
Switched on
Switched on,
ready for
use
Switched on,
code is set
Switched on
Set
(8)
(9)
(10)
Equipment PCHH
(16)
(17)
Information,
identification
Radio altimeter
Airfield-level
pressure on altimeters
Electronic pressure
regulator, extreme
power
Power plant and
transmission operation parameters
Serviceable,
extreme power selected
Normal
(coi~t'd)
4.8.8
Reported by
helicop- co-pilot flight
ter comengi (CP)
mander
neer
(HC)
(FE)
Dec 23/93
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
No.
Report
To be checked
Central annunciator
panel, red and yello
annunciators
FLIGHT annunciator
Wheel brakes
Obstacles in taxiing direction
Readiness of taxiing
eported by
helicop- co -pilot flight
ter comengi (CP)
mander
neer
(1IC)
(FE)
Dead
On
Released
Absent
Ready
Switched on
Switched on
Normal
Normal
Switched on
Switched
on, extended
Switched
on, checked
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
4.8" 9
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
4.8.4.
Wheel brakes
Obstacles
Main rotor speed
Power plant, systems
4.8.5
No.
Reported by
helicop- co-pilot flight
ter comengi (CP)
mander
neer
(HC)
(FE)
Serviceble
Absent
...
Instrument
readings
normal
Takeoff heading on
compass indicator
Wind direction and
velocity
4.8.10
Report
Report
I Set
Headwind
(from the
left, right
tail wind)
Dec 23/93
Reported by
helicop- co-pilot flight
ter comengi (CP)
mander
neer
(HC)
(FE)
1
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
4.8.6.
Report
helicop
ter com
mander
(HC)
Gyro horizons
Autopilot, roll,
pitch channels
Takeoff method
beported by
co-pilot
(CP)
enpi
- neer
(FE)
Absent
Coincides
with runway magne tic heading
Same readings
Engaged
No - run
takeoff, in
ground ef fect (out
of ground
effect),
running
takeoff
Readiness for take- Ready
off
4.8.7.
No.
Report
teported by
helicop- co-pilot flight
engi ter com(CP)
neer
mander
(FE)
Approach pattern
Mass, center-ofgravity location
Acquainted
Mass . . . kg,
center-ofgravity . . .
(cont'd)
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
4.8.11
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
To be checked
No.
Report
Landing conditions
(3)
Known,
landing
provided . . .
(type of
landing)
Tuned
1
1
(7)
(8)
1
1
Engaged,
altitude
channel and
speed hold
switched
off
Normal
Cargo attachment
Condition of systemd Serviceable
Readiness for
Ready
descent
4.8.8.
No.
Report
ter cornmander
(1)
4.8.12
Airfield-level
pressure on altimeters
Set, . . . mm
altitude
... m
Dec 23/93
engi -
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
2-05.
r;To be checked
Reported by
Report
engi -
ter cornmander
Altitude
of 60 m
4.8.9.
Remaining fuel at
decision altitude
Compass system
Dust protection device
Landing heading
on compass indica-
Report
Reported by
helicop- co-pilot flight
engi (CP)
ter com. neer
mander
(FE)
(HC)
Correspond
to runway
landing
heading
(left,
right of
runway 1
Drift
Drift angle, runway landing heading angle . . .
deg, runway
landing
heading . . .
Compass indicator
readings
( c o n t 'dl
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
4.8-13
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
To b e checked
No.
(3)
(4)
(5)
Heading, altitude,
speed
Type of landing
Readiness for
landing
4.8.10.
Report
Reported by
helicop- co-pilot flight
engi ter com(CP)
mander
neer
(HC)
(FE)
Calculated
No - run
landing in
(out) of
ground,
running
takeoff
Ready
(1)
switflight
Dec 23/93
the
the
on-board
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
(3)
The readability over the intercommunication system good - the flight engineer, co-pilot, helicopter
commander.
All crew members check the intercommuniction system
for proper functioning and make sure that the conversation readability is good.
open - the
The tail rotor pitch limit system - switched on, serviceable - the helicopter commander
The helicopter commander switches on tail rotor pitch
limit system CIIYY-52 and makes certain that the
annilnciator
button with red light filter is dead,
whereas the zero indicator movable index has been
displaced from the leftmost position to the right by
the value corresponding to the air density near the
ground.
(6)
the
neutral
(8)
Dec 23/93
on
board
the
4.8.15
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
Based on the result of the helicopter pre-flight inspection, the flight engineer reports that the flight
papers indicated in Subitem 3.2.1.3, keys and all
blanks are available aboard the helicopter.
removed
the flight
released
4.8.16
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
(15) The collective pitch control lever
stop, throttle control twist grip left - the helicopter commander
on the lower
turned to the
The helicopter commander makes sure that the collective pitch control lever is placed on the lower stop
and the throttle control twist grip is turned to the
left.
(16) The annunciators - serviceable - the helicopter commander, co-pilot, flight engineer
The helicopter commander and co-pilot check 'and report the flight engineer on the annunciator serviceability and setting of the DAY - NIGHT (AEHb - HOYb)
potentiometer to the required position. The flight
engi,neerchecks the annunciators for serviceability.
the
equipment
serviceable
the flight
Dec 23/93
4.8,17
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
tor switch to the MANUAL (PYUHOE) position and checks
the flight data recorder for serviceability and
proper setting of the data: time, date of depature,
flight No. and takeoff mass.
(20) The fire extinguishing system
the flight engineer
FIREX, serviceable
The flight engineer makes sure that the fire extinguishing system is serviceable and the INDICATOR
- FIRE FIGHTING (KOHTPOJIb - AATYHKOB
CHECK
OFHETYUIEHME) selector switch is placed in the FIRE
FIGHTING position, the INDICATOR CHECK annunciator is
dead.
(21) The CONSUMPT (PACXOA) switch-on
the flight
4.8.18
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
that the LEFT OFF (JIEBLm HE PAFOT.),
(IIPABbm HE PABOT.) annunciators are dead.
( 2 6 ) Fire shut-off valves - open
RIGHT
OFF
RIGHT
(1)
normal
the
a+&
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
C2)
The standby.generator - ON
ON - the co-pilot
(6)
normal
the flight
The flight engineer makes sure that the engine operation parameters are within the tolerable limits. The
helicopter commander checks the engine instrument
readings.
(cont'd)
4.8.23
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
(2)
ON
The flight engineer makes sure that the dust protection devices of the engines are switched on and the
LEFT DPD ON (JIEB, II3Y BICJIBYEH), RIGHT DPD ON (IIPAB.
II3Y BICJWYEH) annunciators illuminate.
(3)
The gearboxes
engineer
the flight
By reference to the annunciators and instrument readings, the flight engineer makes sure that the gearboxes are warmed up and serviceable.
AUTO
START
the heli-
ON, checked
Dec 23/93
4.8.21
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
The flight engineer manually switches on the ice protection system of the engines and dust protection device.
- ON,
AUTO
The flight engineer switches on the rotor ice protection system, sets the switch to the AUTO (ABTOMAT)
position.
(1)
- OFF
The flight engineer switches off the standby generator and auxiliary power unit and, by reference to the
respective annunciators which should extinguish,
makes sure that they are deenergized.
- OFF -
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
AUTO
the
The flight engineer sets the lIT and TP-P 36 B selector switches to the AUTO (ABTOMAT.) position.
(5)
set
The helicopter commander makes sure that the main rotor speed against the indicator is within 93 to 97 %.
(6) The gyro horizons - ON, readings normal
copter commander, co-pilot
the heli-
ON, slaved
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
4.8.23
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
of the radio beacon (locator) is correct. The helicopter commander ensures that the APE-CB-APK-YICBselector switch is set to the APK-CB position.
ON, tuned
the co-pilot
The.co-pilot makes sure that the long-range navigation equipment is switched on and the initial data of
first two route legs are introduced.
(11) The weather radar
ON
the co-pilot
( c o n t 'dl
4.8.24
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
(14) The radio altimeter - ON
glows
the flight
The flight engineer makes sure that the PLIGHT annunciator glows.
Dec 23/93
4-8.25
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
( 2 0 ) The wheel brakes
released
der
The helicopter commander releases the wheel brakes
- absent
flight engineer, co-pilot, helicopter commander
the
ready
co-pilot, helicopter commander
The flight engineer, co-pilot and helicopter commander report their readiness for taxiing.
The additional operations to be performed under conditions
of poor visibility:
(1)
- ON -
(2)
- ON -
(2) The red lighting - normal - the flight engineer, copilot, helicopter commander
(cont'd)
4.8.26
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
The flight engineer, co-pilot, helicopter commander
report on degree of illumination of the instrument
boards and consoles with red light.
(3)
ON
the
The co-pilot switches on the rotor blade tip and formation lights.
ON, extended
the co-pilot,
ON, checked
(2)
Dec 23/93
4.8.27
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
distance to. them and reports the matter to the helicopter commander.
The co-pilot observes the right hemisphere and warns
the helicopter commander about the probability of
dangerous closure with the obstacles. The helicopter
commander observes the left hemisphere, in taxiing
the helicopter, he estimates the terrain (slopes,
condition of the ground), obstacles available on the
way, their features, distance to them and also estimates the taxiway width to make certain that it is
sufficient for making the left or right turn.
(3)
In taxiing the helicopter, the flight engineer watches the readings of the instruments and annunciators
of the power plant and systems of the helicopter.
set
(cont'd)
4.8.28
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Checklout Sheet
4.8.10.5.
absent
the co-
(2)
the flight
- ON -
the
(5)
(6)
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
4.8.29
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
4.8.10.6. "efore
acquainted
the co-pilot,
The co-pilot, helicopter commander familiarize themselves with the approach pattern for the given airfield.
(2)
- kg,
center of
the
The co-pilot makes sure that automatic direction finder APE is tuned to the locator outer and middle markers by reference to the results of operations carried out in compliance with the "Before Descent" checklist.
(5)
normal
4.8.30
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
with the operations specified in the "Before Descent"
checklist.
(7) The systems serviceability
engineer
serviceable
the flight
The flight engineer reports on the systems serviceability referring to the check results of instrument
readings and annunciators in compliance with the
"Before Descent" checklist.
At the level-flight transition, the helicopter commander, co-pilot set the landing airfield-level pressure on the barometric altimeters and check the altimeter readings by reference to the information delivered over the intercommunication system.
(2)
an altitude of 60 m set
the
- kg
slaved
Dec 23/93
the co-pilot
1.8.31
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
The co-pilot reports the compass system slaving by
reference to the results of performance of this
operation in accordance with the "Before Descent"
checklist.
(5)
- ON -
set
(2)
(3)
calculated
the
4.8.32
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - Check-Out Sheet
corrective turn to the corrected heading by reference
to the aligned R B and DTA pointers.
000
Dec 23/93
4.8.33/34
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - List of Acceptable Failures
No.
Name of
system
Name of unit,
Clerance
Permistrouble symptom sible num- for flight
ber of
failed
units
1. Failure of
electric
heater of
flight compartment
windshield
on the copilot's
side
2. Failure of
radio-isotope system
Additional
requirements or
conditions
To destina- No icing
enroute
tion airfield
To destination
airfield
Dec 23/93
Same
4.9.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - List of Acceptable Failures
Name of
system
Electric
equipment
Clerance
PermisName of unit,
trouble sympton sible num' for flight
ber of
failed
units
control uni
co-121
3. Illuminatio
of MR IPS
FAIL (OTKA3
IIOC HB) annunciator
4. Failure of
dust protec
tion device
ice protection system
(to be
checked by
current)
1. Failure of
warning
lamps of
generator
failure
2. Failure of
common
lighting
system of
flight and
cargo compartments
3. Failure of
red lighting system
4.9.2
Dec 23/93
Additional
require ments or
conditions
To desti- Same
nation
airfield
To destination
airfield
Same
To destination
airfield
It is necessary to
intensify
watch on
operation
of generators by reference to
ammeter
With emergency lighting system
being serviceable
To destination
airfield
To destination
airfield
Only in
day time
~ X Y
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES
No. Name of
system
Name of unit,
Permis
Clerance
trouble symptom sible num- for flight
ber of
failed
units
4. Some lamps
of red
lighting
faulty
To base
airfield
5. Failure of
one landing
lamp
6. Failure of
To base
airfield
navigation
lights
7. Failure of
flashing
lights
To base
airfield
2. Rate of
climb indicator BAP-3OMK
To base
airfield
To destination
airfield
To destination
airfield
Additional
requirements or
conditions
When adequate visibility of
instruments
required
for performing
flight mission is
provided
With one
landing
lamp being
serviceable
Only in day
time
With navigation
lights
being
serviceable
With helicopter commander ' s
airspeed
indicator
and ground
speed and
drift meter
AHCC being
serviceable
With helicopter
commander's
rate-of-
( c o n t 'dl
Dec 23/93
4.9.3
230
PLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - List of Acceptable Failures
Additional
requirements or
conditions
4.9.4
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - List of Acceptable Failures
Dec 23/93
4.9.5
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - List of Acceptable Failures
No. Name of
system
Name of unit,
PermisClerance
trouble symptom sible num- for flight
ber of
failed
units
drift meter AMCC-32
airfield
To destination
airfield
To destination
airfield
To destination
airfield
13. Heading
indicator
To destination
airfield
(cont'd)
4.9.6
Dec 23/93
Additional
require ments or
conditions
%jd.
FLIGHT MANUAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES - List of Acceptable Failures
$23
L3r/
Name of
system
Clerance
PermisName of unit,
trouble symptom sible num- for flight
ber of
failed
units
1 4 . Command
radio set
" BAKLAN "
(EAICJIAH)
To destination
airfield
Additional
requirements or
conditions
being serviceable
With one
of radio
sets being
serviceable
000
Dec 23/93
4.9.7/8
Section 4a
USE OF HELICOPTER
FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
a3 7
&M
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
S e c t i o n
Contents
4a
Page
4a.l.l
4a.2.1
Dec 23/93
Contents
4a. 1/2
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Low-Altitude Flights
Extreme
4a.l.
4a.l.l.
a short time of flight over the landmarks, rather restricted field of view, a short time to make a decision
to perform a maneuver in case of a sudden apperance of
an obstacle;
the necessity of using the instrument and visual information for the terrain and spatial orientation, which
requires the clear distribution of attention between the
instruments located in the flight compartment and the
ground objects;
the increased effect of such factors as the turbulent
air and possible collision with birds.
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
4.2.1.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Low-Altitude Flights
Extreme
4a.1.2.
4a.1.2.1. Used as the base map for the extreme low-altitude flights
is a map to a 1:200,000 scale.
For the detailed study of the landing area, use the maps
to scales 1:100,000, 1:50,000 and the aerial photographs.
4a.1.2.2. Plotting the course on the map and preparation of the map
for flight at the extreme low altitude are performed in
the same manner as when preparing for any other enroute
flight.
Simultaneously with the course plotting, the crew should
study in detail the terrain on the route legs. Plot the
most elevated points on the map within the zone of 25 km
to either side of the track line. Plotted are also the
known and expected obstacles with indication of their
heights which may be used as the specific landmarks when
flying at the extreme low altitude.
It is necessary to select the flight route clear of the
populated points, industrial and agricultural enterprises
(particularly, the cattle-breeding and poultry farms and
4a.1.2
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Low-Altitude Flights
Extreme
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
4a.1-3
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Low-Altitude Flights
2 ?2
Extreme
4a.1.4
record the fix and time of flying over the check reference points directly on the map since making an entry in
the flight log distracts his attention from the detailed
orientation;
Dec 23/93
& y4.
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Low-Altitude Flights
Extreme
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
48.1.5
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Low-Altitude Flights
SYY
Extreme
The helicopter may approach the pads provided with the VHF
and UHF radio sets (radio beacons) with the aid of
automatic direction finder APK-YJ.
4a.1.3.9. To prevent collision with obstacles when flying the
helicopter at extreme low altitudes, it is allowed to make
the energetic runs at rolls up to 45' with simultaneous
decrease in the flight speed. In this case, the turns may
be made both at the constant value of the main rotor
collective pitch and with the change in its position in
the process of the helicopter turn. With the entry speed
being less than 200 km/h, an energetic turn may be made at
the collective pitch constant value, and at the speeds
exceeding 200 kmlh, both at the constant value of the
collective pitch and with its decrease by 2 to 5O against
the rotor pitch indicator.
\'hen making an energetic entry into a turn at the constant
collective pitch, the main rotor speed increases by 2 to
2.5 % .
\?%en
entering a turn with decrease in the collective
pitch, the main rotor speed rise occurs more energetically, therefore, the rate and value of collective pitch
decreaseland the control stick backward deflection at the
turn should be so that the main rotor speed does not fall
outside the tolerable limits.
When making an energetic turn, maintain the selected
altitude of flight in the process of turn by varying the
rate of deceleration or decreasing the roll angle.
Upon reaching an airspeed of 100 km/h, gradually deflect
the control stick forward to stop the further change in
the airspeed and for maintaining the altitude, increase
the engine power rating.
4e.1.6
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
4a.2.
4a.2.1.
General
Dec 23/93
4e.2.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Flights in Mountainous Area
4a.2.2
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Flights in Mountainous Area
4a.2.1.7.
4a.2.2.1. When preparing the helicopter for flight in the mountainous area, apart from fulfilment of the basic recommen-
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
48.2.3
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Flights in Mountainous Area
study the location of separate peaks, direction of ridges, gorges, mountain valleys and their relative position in the strip 50 km wide on both sides of the flight
route and draw the flight pattern. If the flight route
crosses the mountain ridges with great elevations and
there is a possibility with small deviations to plot the
route in the river valleys, it is expedient to plot the
route bypassing the great elevations;
4a.2.4
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Flights in Mountainous Area
Dec 23/93
4a.2.5
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Flights in Mountainous Area
40.2.6
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Flights in Mountainous Area
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
48.2.7
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Flights in Mountainous Area
4a.2.3.8. The approach to the pads with unilateral takeoff calls for
the increased accuracy in planning the approach. The
helicopter may touch down at any spot of the pad at the
safe distance to the obstacles.
4a.2.3.9.
cont'd)
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Flights in Mountainous Area
for estimating the ground strength and pad fitness for the
helicopter
touchdown. During
the
touchdown without
complete decrease in the main rotor pitch, it is necessary
to constantly check the position of the helicopter,
holding it against displacement by timely and proportional
deflections of the control elements.
4a.2.3.11. It is recommended to land the helicopter on the pad, with
the helicopter nose or port side facing the slope. The norun takeoff from and landing on the pads having the
slopes, with the wind velocity amounting to 5 m/s, in any
position with respect to the wind, and at the wind
velocity more than 5 m/s, only into the wind, with the
tolerable slope maximum value taken into account. When
hovering over the pad having a slope, the helicopter has
the tendency to displacement under a slope, which should
be eliminated by deflecting the control stick in the
direction opposite to the displacement.
When the helicopter is landed, with its nose facing the
slope, the helicopter touches down first with the nose
wheel, then with the main landing gear wheels.
As soon as the nose wheel touches down, hold
helicopter
from
moving
back
down
the
slope
proportionally pushing the control stick forward.
the
by
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Flights in Mountainous Area
4a.2.10
Dee 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Flights in Mountainous Area
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
40.2.11
F L I G H T
d5'6
M A N U A L
^6= so
-=lJOO
4000
3000
T=fY
F
E:
+ 2000
r=20
%,
-3
-G
7.30"
lDD0
0 ,
0
. -
50
100
150 2D0
True airspeed, km/h
.
250
300
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
4a.2.12
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS - Peculiarities
of Flights with Use of Dust-, Sand- and Snow-Covered Pads
4a.3.
4a.3.1.
General
CAUTION. THE NO-RUN TAKEOFF AND LANDING AS WELL AS THE
HELICOPTER MOVEMENTS ON THE PADS WHOSE PRELIMINARY PREPARATION WITH A VIEW TO PRECLUDING THE
OCCURRENCE OF A DUST (SNOW) VORTEX IS IMPOSSIBLE
SHOULD BE PERFORMED WITH THE HELICOPTER TAKEOFF
(LANDING) MASS ENSURING THE HELICOPTER EIOVERING
OUT OF THE GROUND EFFECT.
4a.3.2.
Taxiing
(colnt'd)
Dec 23/93
-.
4a.3.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS - Peculiarities
of Flights with Use of Dust-, Sand- and Snow-Covered Pads
4a.3.2.4. The speed of taxiing about the dust- and snow-covered
airfields (pads) should be so that in case of necessity
the helicopter can be stopped at once by applying the
wheel brakes.
4a.3.3.
461.3.2
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
dzsB
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS - Peculiarities
of Flights with Use of Dust-, Sand- and Snow-Covered Pads
4a.3.4.
Dec 23/93
4a.3..3
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS - Peculiarities
of Flights with Use of Dust-, Sand- and Snow-Covered Pads
8 Gd
(cont'd)
?-
4a.3.4
Dec 23/03
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS - Peculiarities
of Flights with Use of D u s t - , Sand- and Snow-Covered Pads
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS - Peculiarities
of Flights with Use of D u s t - , Sand- and Snow-Covered Pads
4a.3.6
000 -
Dec 23/93
L6.L
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS - Instrument Flying
4a.4.
INSTRUMENT FLYING
4a. 4.1.
4a.4.2.
4a.4.3.
the climb at the indicated airspeed of 150 km/h and vertical velocity of 3 to 4 m/s;
I
1
I
The prolonged flight speed should be maintained as directed in Item 4.4.4 of the present Flight Manual.
4a.4.4.
4a.4.5.
4a.4.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS - Instrument Flyinq
4a.4.7.
4a.4.2
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
865
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS - Instrument Flying
4a.4.8.
When flying the helicopter on the instruments, the heli copter commander should check the flight course more
frequently since even at the small roll angle which is
practically unnoticeable for the pilot by reference to the
gyro horizon, the helicopter deviates from the selected
course.
During the instrument flight, the helicopter commander's
attention should be distributed as follows:
- during
cator,
meter;
in the
the climb: the gyro horizon - rate-of-climb indigyro horizon - compass system indicator - altithe gyro horizon - speed indicator and further on
same order;
- during the level flight: the gyro horizon - rate-ofclimb indicator, gyro horizon - compass system indicator
- altimeter, gyro horizon - speed indicator and further
on in the same order. It is necessary to periodically
watch the engine power rating;
when making the 360' banked turns and turns: the gyro
horizon (the miniature airplane - ball) - rate-of-climb
indicator, gyro horizon - compass system indicator rate-of-climb indicator and further on in the same
order:
during the approach descent after making the turn to final: the gyro horizon - compass system indicator - rateof-climb indicator, gyro horizon - compass system indicator - altimeter - speed indicator and further on in
the same order;
when flying on the standby instruments (in
gyro horizon failure) : the turn -and-slip
compass system indicator;
turn-and-slip
rate-of-climb indicator; 'the turn-and-slip
speed indicator - altimeter.
4a.4.9.
case of the
indicator indicator indicator -
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS - Instrument Flying
are
removed
practically
immediately,
which
makes
impression that the helicopter stability is decreased.
4a.4.11.
When flying under the IFR rules, the illusions may appear
in the pilots, i.e. such a state when the helicopter
attitude perceived by the pilot visually against the
instruments does not coincide with the pilot's physiological sensation of the helicopter spatial attitude. This
phenomenon may lead to the spatial disorientation. I n this
case, proceed as follows:
roll out without delay and set the ball of the turn-andslip indicator at the center;
by reference to the readings of the rate-of-climb indicator and speed indicator, ascertain whether the helicopter climbs or descends and gradually level out the
helicopter, after which check to see that the roll and
pitch channels of the autopilot are switched on.
4e.4.4
000 -
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS - Night Flights
d16q
4a.5.
NIGHT FLIGHTS
4a.5.1.
4a.5.2.
4a.5.3.
4a.5.4.
4a.5.5.
Dec 23/93
4a.5.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOIJS OPERATIONS - Night Flights
4a.5.G.
4a.5.7.
4a.5.8.
When flying over the terrain at the dark time (at night),
when the light markers are not available, the helicopter
flying is executed on the instruments, periodically observing the air space (for conducting the circuminspection)
and landmarks (for conducting the orientation).
WARNING. AFTER TAKEOFF, WHILE CLIMBING, IT IS NECESSARY TO
MAKE SURE THAT THE GYRO HORIZONS ARE SERVICEABLE,
FOR WHICH PURPOSE VARY THE ROLL THROUGH AN ANGLE
OF +5 O .
4a.5.9.
4a.5.10.
4a.5.11.
4s.5.2
Dec 23/93
268
%W
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS - Night Flights
necessary to extend the landing lights and
direction of the landing light beams.
adjust the
In the process of landing, the landing light beam direction is corrected. In the process of landing, the altitude
is determined against the radio altimeter with the check
performed by reference to the illuminated sections of the
ground and light markers.
874
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS Peculiarities of Flights to Sites Selected from Air
Dec. 23/93
4a.6.l
2%
FLIGHT MANUAT,
USE OF HRLICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS P e c u l i a r i t i e s of F l i g h t s t o S i t e s S e l e c t e d from A i r
F l i g h t M a n ~ a : ~ Froin
.
t h i s a l t i t u d e , t h e s i t e dimensions,
presence
(absence)
of
t h e o b s t a c l e s on t h e e x p e c t e d
l a n d i n g h e a d i n g a n d p o s s i b l e g o - a r o u n d , wind d i r e c t i o n a r e
determined.
When s e l e c t i n g t h e l a n d i n g s i t e f r o m t h e a i r on t h e mount a i n peak o r r o c k s o v e r h a n g i n g o v e r t h e p r e c i p i c e , i t is
necessary t o perform t h e f l i g h t a t t h e s i t e h e i g h t a t t h e
l a t e r a l d i s t a n c e f r o m i t n o t l e s s t h a n 4 0 ni f o r r e f i n i n g
t h e s i t e lle i g h t , i n s p e c t i n g t h e s u r f a c e c o n d i t i o n a n d
e s t i n i a t i n g t h e s l o p e s ; i n t h i s c a s e , t h e minimum a l t i t u d e
of f l i g h t o v ( ? r t h e o b s t a c l e s s h o u l d be a t l e a s t 1 0 In. A t
t h e i ~ c l i c o l , t ~ ? comlnander's
r
d i s c r e t i o n , clepci~cling on t h e
t e r r a i n r e l i e f , may be i n s p e c t e d by p e r f o r m i n g t h e r e p e a t etl f l i g h t s o v e r t h e s i t e ( a t i t s ].eve11 o r by p e r f o r m i n g
t h e c i r c l i n g f l i g l l t a t t h e iridicatecl a i r s p e e d of a t l e a s t
SO k m / h .
'
WARNING. THE RICH GREEN GRASS COVER ON THE S I T E , CONTRAST1 N G AGAINST THE GENERAL BACKGROUND MAY BE THE
SIGP OF THE TERRAIN SWAMI'Y STATE.
4a.(5.8.
A t t h e wind v e l o c i t y i n e x c c s s o f 5 m / s , i t i s n o t
recommended 1.0 s e l c c t t h e l a n d i n g s i t e s f r o m t h e downwind
s i d e o:f t h e nlassivn o b s t a c l e s i n t h e f o r m o f w a l l s , r i d g e s
o f n l o u n t a i n s , e t c . , a n d a l s o f r o m t h e downwind s i d e o f t h e
f o r e s t e d g e s i n c e when tlic h e l i c o p t e r a p l ~ r o a c h e s s u c h
o b s t a c l e s , i:; g e t s i n t o t h e zone o f i n c r e a s e d t u r , b u l e n c e
of descendin.,r fI.ow, a n d i n t h e c l o s e p r o x i ~ ~ l i t yt o t h e
o b s t a c l e s , below them - t o t h e " s h a d i n g " zollc i n w h i c h t h e
wind v e l o c i t y may be c o n s i d e r a b l y l e s s t h a n o v e r t h e
o b s t a c l e s . Ii' t h e n e c e s s i t y a r i s e s t o l a n d t h e h e l i c o p t e r
ort s u c h a s i t e , t h e h e l i c o p t e r l a n d i n g nixss shoulcl be
c a l c u l a t e d f o r t h e l a n d i n g c o n d i t i o n s o u t of t h e ground
e f f e c t . I t i s ; I-econnnended t o p e r f o r m t h e h o v e r i n g , i f p o s s i b l e , above t h e o b s t a c l e s o r a t a n a l t i t u d e of a t l e a s t
20 m , w i t h t l ~ es u l ~ s e q u a n tv e r t i c a l d e s c e n t o f t h e h e l i c o p t e r u n t i l i.t l : o ~ r c h e sdown. I n tile p r o c e s s o f v e l - - t i c a l . t l e s c e n t , i t i s -1ecc.ssal-y t o l ~ sr e a d y t o c o u n t e r a c t t i l e sllar.],
l a n d i n g o f t.hc h e l i c o p t e r l ~ c c a u a c o f i t s g e t t i n g i n t o t h e
" s h a d i n g " z o ~ t c . F o r p r e v c i n t i n g t l t e he! icop1;er r i r g i t
i s n c c c s s a r , y t,o i r ~ r e et h e mai 1-1 r o t - cr, I l c c t i v e p i tc17
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS Peculiarities of Flights to Sites Selected from Air
in due time and gradually, avoiding the rotational speed
drop below the minimum permissible value.
4a.6.9.
1. The landing site dimensions comply with the requirements laid down in the present Flight Manual.
2. The helicopter landing mass corresponds to the actual
weather conditions.
When the helicopter commander is not sure in the helicopter hover planning accuracy, it is expedient to perform
the level flight with deceleration of 30 to 40 km/h (the
"buffeting") at the height of the site selected in the
mountainous area or at the absolute altitude of at least
50 m over a flat or rolling country. If the helicopter
"settling" does not occur, the helicopter may land.
4a.6.11.
4a.6.12.
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS Peculiarities of Flights to Sites Selected from Air
4a.6.13.
4a.6.14.
4a.6.15.
4a.6.4
Dec. 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS Peculiarities of Flights to Sites Selected from A i r
-
4a.6.17.
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS Peculiarities of Flights to Sites Selected from Air
PITCH OCCURS, WITH THE ENGINES RUNNING, SHUT
DOWN THE ENGINES. THE SUBSEQUENT START OF THE
ENGINES AND TAKEOFF ARE TOLERABLE ONLY AFTER
RECOVERY OF THE HELICOPTER STATIC GROUND POSITION WITH THE AID OF THE GROUND MEANS WITH THE
POSSIBILITY OF THE HELICOPTER REPEATED ROLLING, BEING EXCLUDED.
If the rolling and change in the pitch angle occurred
within + 3 and +so, respectively, it is necessary to
gradually increase the main rotor collective pitch, counteracting the helicopter tendency to displacement towards
the roll and turn due to the uncoordinated forward movement of the pedals and execute the takeoff.
4a.6.18.
4a.6.19.
4a.6.20.
The helicopter takeoff from the site selected from the air
practically does not differ from the takeoff from the
artificial airfields or helidromes, however, calls for the
particular attention on the part of the crew due to the
possible error made by eye in estimating the obstacle
height on the takeoff heading.
For obtaining the maximum steepness of the takeoff path,
it is reco~mnended to use the takeoff power rating, with
the main rotor speed amounting to 92 % , and hold the
minimum indicated airspeed for the given flight altitude
till the obstacles are flown over with subsequent
acceleration of the helicopter till the maximum airspeed
of 120 km/h is obtained and climb to the safe altitude.
4a.6.6
Dec. 23/93
ATTENNION!
On helicopters equipped with hoistdoom winh SLG -300 system the
"LOCK OPEN/JAMOK OTKPbIT" annunciator will be replaced with "LOAD
RELEASE/CI;POC ~ P Y ~ A " .
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
- Flights with External Store
4a.7.
4a.7.1.
General
4a.7.1.1. The helicopter provided with the external store system may
s Cu1.e.
be used for carrying the ex-Le1.11a1
4a.7.1.2. The sites at the store coupling (uncoupling) points should
be prepared: the minor unfastened objects should be
removed, the dusty site should be sprinkled with water and
freshly fallen snow should be compacted.
If the sites cannot be prepared beforehand, before
coupling (uncoupling) the load, it is necessary to hover
over the site and blow out dust or snow with an air jet
from
the
main
rotor.
The
maneuver
for
coupling
(uncoupling) the load is executed only after the site is
well visible from the hovering point.
4 a . 7 . 1 . 3 . The required length' of the slings of the store in each
particular case is selected proceeding from the shape,
dimensions and mass of the load, dimensions and state of
the surface of the load coupling (uncoupling) site,
location of the obstacles in the tahenff, landing area.
4a.7.1.4. The long loads (pipes, power transmission line supports,
etc.) are carried suspended from the store slings both in
horizontal and vertical positions.
Transportation of the load in the horizontal position
ensures the more simple lifting and stowage of the long
load but may lead to the more intensive swinging of the
load in flight as compared with its transportation in the
vertical position.
4a.7.1.5. In some cases, when carrying the external store in the
special conditions (the closed approaches to the loading
or unloading sites, night flights, etc.), at the discretion of the flying unit commander, the flying control
officer (officers) are assigned to one or both sites from
the command and flying personnel authorized for performing
the given type of operations.
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
4a.7.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
IJSE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
- Flights with External Store
4a.7.2
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
- Flights with External Store
during the load coupling and lifting, during the helicopter deceleration before hovering, stowage and uncoupling of the load, fly the helicopter on the commands
from the external store operator watching the working
process ;
transfer the helicopter to (from) the load on the commands from the flight control officer (delivered over
the radio or by the visual signals);
if necessary, give the commands to the external store operator to carry out the emergency mechanical release of the
load.
4a.7.2.3. Apart from the basic duties indicated in the Civil Aviation Flight Manual, the co-pilot should:
during the load coupling, i i i stowage and uncoupling, be sure to maintain the altitude over the obstacles
in the right hemisphere within the possible visibility
from his station:
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
- Flights with External Store
- when in flight, keep the intercommunication system always switched on for transmission and inform the helicopter commander about the load "behaviour" and state of
the slings and electrical lock. The commands should be
short and distinct. For example: "2 m forward", "1 m
right" "Half meter left", "1 m backward", "Up", "Down",
"1 m up", "1 m down", "Rope catches load", "Load coupled", "Slings connected", "Sling stretched", "Load under
detachment (stowage)", "Load lifted (put on)", "Load uncoupled", "Sling dropped", "Load slowly turns", "Load
swings through 4 5 O W , etc.;
inform the helicopter commander ,in due time about the
noticed abnormalities.
In all cases, the external store operator should wear the
goggles protecting his eyes from dust and snow, the safety
belt and have the communication with the helicopter
commander over the intercommunication system (it is not
recommended to use the open microphones due to the great
noise interference).
WARNING. WHEN PERFORMING THE WORK NEAR THE OPEN ENTRY DOOR
OR WITH THE HELICOPTER CARGO DOOR ANGLES REMOVED,
THE EXTERNAL STORE OPERATOR SHOULD WEAR THE SAFETY BELT WHOSE DRIVING ELEMENT IS COUPLED THROUGH
THE SNAP HOOK WITH THE HELICOPTER PRIMARY STRUCTURE (MOORING RINGS PROVIDED ON THE CARGO COMPARTMENT FLOOR, ETC . ) SO AS TO EXCLUDE THE UNINTENTIONAL STEPPING OVER THE ENTRY DOOR EDGE
OR CARGO DOOR APERTURE.
48.7.4
Dcc 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
- Flights with External Store
control
officer
performs
the
following
4a.7.3.
Flight
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
43.7.5
23.2
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
- Flights with External Store
the
helicopter
hovering
mode
is
(cont'd)
4a.7.6
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
Dec 23/93
4a.7.7
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
- Flights with External Store
48.7.8
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
- Flights with External Store
If the
Dec 23/93
48.7.9
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
- Flights with External Store
2. The load swinging complicating the flying decreases with the decrease in the airspeed and
flight altitude. Some symmetrical loads turn in
flight, which practically does not exert an adverse effect on the helicopter flying.
4a.7.3.11.When performing the flights with external store, the
navigation is executed during operation of the compass
system in the directional gyro mode, and in the area of
the locator marker steady reception, with the aid of the
direction finder. If possible, plot the flight route away
from the populated points.
4a.7.10
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
- Flights with External Store
Dec 23/93
4a.7.11
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
- Flights with External Store
4s.7.12
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
- Flights with External Store
sling
system
from
the
on the command from the external store operator, the helicopter commander opens the external sling lock by
depressing the tactical release button.
4a.7.3.21. In some cases, for protecting the store and slings against
damage, it is allowed to drop the slings attached to the
rope by lowering the latter, for which purpose, proceed as
follows :
Dec 23/93
4a.7.13
FLIGHT MANUAL
m. It
is allowed to perform the flights with the extended external store sling system and the "spider"
attached to the sling end at an airspeed not exceeding 150 km/h. If the "spider" is not available, the
helicopter may move (hop), with the external store
sling system being extended, at airspeeds not exceeding 60 km/h.
4a.7.14
000
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS Flights for Performing Building and Installation Operations
4a.8.
4a.8.1.
General
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
4a.8.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS Flights for Performing Building and Installation Operations
Flight Peculiarities
4a.8.2
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS Flights for Performing Building and Installation Operations
After making certain that the installed part does not fall
during this descent and displacement of the helicopter and
the riggers moved to the safe place, the external store
operator gives the "Drop" command and after separation of
the slings from the helicopter, he gives the "Slings
dropped" command.
4a.8.3.4. The metallic supports of the power transmission lines are
installed by the overturning method in the following
order:
team about
helicopter
store opeslings.
Dec 23/93
da.8.3
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS Flights for Performing Building and Installation Operations
46.8.4
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS Flights for Extinguishing Forest Fires
4a.9.
4a.9.1.
General
helicopter
may
and
4a.9.1.2. When flying the helicopter with empty water drain unit,
the indicated airspeed should not exceed 160 kmlh.
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Note.
ing and lift of the water drain unit, hover the helicopter over the center of the water drain unit on
the commands from the flight engineer.
4a.9.1.6. Fly to the fire area, with the water drain unit filled
with water to capacity, at an airspeed not exceeding
180 km/h.
4a.9.1.7. When approaching the fire area, it is necessary to
decrease the flight altitude and speed to the optimum ones
at which the fire extinguishing is efficient.
4a.9.2
Dee 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Flights for Extinguishing Forest Fires
Note. When
Dec 23/93
4a.9.3
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS Flights for Extinguishing Forest Fires
- when flying the helicopter with water drain unit, calculate the aimed drain of water on the seats of fire:
the
- supervise the lowering (lifting) of the airborne party firemen and various stores, performing the work of the
dropmaster, control the lowering device (if necessary)
or when the lowering is executed simultaneously from two
points ;
(cont'd)
4a.9.4
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS .
Flights for Extinguishing Forest Fires
Note. The
WARNING: 1. DURING THE FLIGHTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE LOWERING (LIFTING) OF THE PEOPLE AND STORES, THE
DROPMASTERS SHOULD HAVE THE KNIVES FOR CUTTING
THE LOWERING DEVICE STRING IN CASES SPECIFIED
IN SUB-SECTION 9 . 5 OF THE PRESENT FLIGHT
MANUAL.
2. DURING THE LOWERING (LIFTING) OF THE PEOPLE
AND STORES, THE DROPMASTERS SHOULD WEAR THE
SAFETY BELTS WHOSE CARRIERS ARE COUPLED WITH
THE PRIMARY STRUCTURAL MEMBERS OF THE HELICOPTER (THE MOORING RINGS ON THE CARGO COMPARTMENT FLOOR, ETC.) THROUGH THE SNAP HOOKS SO AS
TO EXCLUDE THE UNINTENTIONAL STEPPING OVER THE
EDGE OF THE ENTRY DOOR OR HATCH.
4a.9.3.
Flight Peculiarities
4a.9.3.1. Perform the flights to the fire area for delivering the
airborne party-firemen and various equipment and also the
flights for patrolling the forests at the safe altitude.
4a.9.3.2. Perform the flights over the forest for inspecting the
fire area and selecting the place for landing the fire
team and unloading the equipment at the altitude not below
100 m and the indicated airspeed of at least 100 km/h. In
performing the hoverings and landings, the distance to the
fire edge should be at least 100 m.
Dec 23/93
48.9.5
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Flights for Extinguishing Forest Fires
(cont 'dl
A.a.9.6
Dec 23/93
gf
30h
F L I G H T
M A N U A L
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS - Flights far Extinguishing Forest Fires
Fig. 4a.9.1
- 000 -
Dec 23 93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS Flights for Killing Wild Animals
4a.10.
4a.10.1.
General
Note. A
wind indicator streamer consists of a light duralumin post 800 to 1200 mm long, terminating in the
massive steel tip weighing 1.5 to 2 k g at one end,
secured to the other end of this post is a cloth in
the form of extended isosceles triangle sizing 250
to 350 mm in base and 600 to 800 nun in height.
4a.10.1.3. Permitted to take part in the flights for killing the wild
animals are up to three hunters detached by the hunting
farm administration.
4a.10.1.4. The hunters should be briefed by the crew members on the
embarkation and disembarkation order, precautions to be
observed in handling the rifles aboard the helicopter,
methods of attachment by the safety belts, rules for their
behaviour
during
the
flight. Before
flights, the
respective ground training on the helicopter should be
conducted with respect to all elements of the expected
flight and cooperation of the hunters with the crew which
will execute the flight.
4a.10.1.5. The most experienced hunter well informed of the terrain,
probable locations of the animals, their habits and well
orientated from the air may occupy the seat behind the
flight engineer for the time of search; in this case, the
hunter should be secured with the aid of the safety belt.
4a.10.1.6. It is allowed to kill wild animals from the cargo compartment, depending on the flight conditions:
Dec 23/93
4a.10.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Flights for Killing Wild Animals
The shooting should be delivered only in the lower hemisphere, in the sectors free from the helicopter structural
members (the landing gear, fuel tanks, etc.).
4a.10.1.7. During shooting, the hunters should be reliably secured
with the aid of the safety belts.
4a.10.1.8.Entrusted for performing the given operations are the
pilots authorized for executing the out-of-track flights
with selection of the landing sites from the air and
trained in accordance with the respective program.
4a.10.1.9.Before beginning the killing of the wild animals, thoroughly study and fly around the area where the operations
are expected to be carried out. Pay the particular attention t o the location of the typical reference lines and
areas, natural and artificial obstacles, their elevation
over the terrain.
4a.10.2.
48.10.2
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Flights for Killing Wild Animals
heading, checks the operation of the power plant, consumption of fuel and remaining fuel.
4a.10.2.3.The hunters should fulfil the commands delivered by the
helicopter commander (flight engineer) and conduct the
observation of the assigned sectors of view for detecting
the targets. The most experienced hunter (the group leader) should occupy the seat behind (near) the flight
engineer and conduct the orientation on the terrain,
searching the locations of the animals.
4a.10.3.l. The helicopter flight mass for the given type of operations should be selected proceeding from the conditions
for ensuring the hovering out of the ground effect.
4a.10.3.2. Conduct the search for the wild animals at the indicated
airspeed of 100 to 120 kmlh at an altitude of 100 m. For
the detailed inspection of the terrain, it is allowed to
descend the helicopter to an altitude of 50 to 20 m and
decrease an airspeed to 60 to 40 km/h. Conduct the search
of wild animals by using one of the methods: the divergent
or convergent spiral, tacks, parallel headings, trace
flight. Each of these methods is used depending on the
underlying surface, kind of animals to be killed and stage
of search. It is allowed to execute the trace flight, pursuit of the animals at the airspeed down to the hovering
and also by moving aside or backward.
In all cases, the necessary altitude margin of at least
10 m over the obstacles should be ensured.
For studying the traces of animals, it is allowed to land
the helicopter on the site selected from the air or hover
the helicopter over this site and land the hunter.
In landing the hunter, the hover height should be not more
than 1 m.
4a.10.3.3.Wild animals are killed from an altitude of 20 to 40 m .
The flight speed is equalized with the animal speed
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
48.10.3
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS
Flights for Killing Wild Animals
4a.10.4
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS Flights for Dropping Cargoes and Parachutists
4a.11.
4a.11.1.
General
The helicopter may be used for dropping cargoes and parachutists during the emergency and rescue operations and also for
the national economy purposes.
The cargoes are dropped through the entry door, cargo
hatch, with the doors removed, and the external stores are
released from the external sling system, The cargoes may
be dropped without parachutes and also with the use of
parachutes.
The maximum mass of the cargo dropped through the cargo
hatch should not exceed 500 kg.
The maximum length of the parachute static lines extending
beyond the helicopter (outside) should not exceed 2.5 ni.
The static line ends should be free from the heavy objects
of the "snap hook" type for excluding the helicopter damage when they hit the fuselage after dropping cargoes.
The parachutes should be deployed not earlier than 2 s
after their release.
For ensuring the drop of heavy cargoes manually, they
should be provided with wheels or rolls dropped together
with cargoes or they should be rolled down over the rolls
(rollers, roller conveyer) installed on the helicopter
floor.
When installing the wheels on the cargo to be dropped, use
at least three axles for this purpose since, in case of
the two-axle arrangement, the cargo may hang up at the
door or hatch edge when the front axle wheels leave the
helicopter floor.
Prior to performing the flights, with the doors removed,
the necessary precautions should be taken to preclude the
drop-out or blow-out of the foreign objects.
If several cargoes are intended for dropping, then, when
preparing for flight, the cargo drop sequence should be
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
4a.ll.l
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS Flights for Dropping Cargoes and Parachutists
determined: when dropping the cargoes with use of parachutes, the attachment points of the static lines should
be determined beforehand. The heavy loads provided with
wheels or dropped (rolled down) over the rolls should be
set beforehand in the direction of their movement during
drop. For dropping the cargoes through the cargo hatch, it
is expedient to arrange the cargoes as close to the floor
edge as possible, ensuring in this case the reliable and
at the same time quick-detachable lashing.
The lashing should exclude the spontaneous displacement of
cargoes during the helicopter evolutions in flight.
For lashing the cargoes, use the standard mooring cables
with wedging locks or the textile cords, static lines,
etc. withstanding (according to their tensile strength)
the double mass of the lashed cargo. The mooring cables
with wedging locks should be installed so as to ensure the
free access in flight to the locks. When lashing the cargoes with the aid of textile cords, the points should be
marked beforehand on them, at which they should be cut
before dropping the cargoes. It is expedient to roll down
the solids of revolution (barrel-shaped cargoes) manually
without the use of the wheels and rolls (by "own power"),
including the cargo having the mass up to 500 kg.
The parachutists are dropped in compliance with the directions laid down in the Manual for Civil Aviation ParachuteRescue Training. IT IS PROHIBITED to drop the parachutists
with forced pulling of the cover from the parachute canopy
with the aid of the static line. It is allowed to perform the
parachute jumps with forced deployment of the pack and the
cover pulled from the canopy with the aid of the static line
during the level flight at a speed of 140 to 250 km/h.
The helicopter designed for performing the parachute jumps
should mount the protective casing on the entry door outer
handle and the fairing on the charging pipe connection of
the left strut shock absorber.
4.3.11.2
Dec 23/93
368
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS Flights for Dropping Cargoes and parachutists
the
Civil
the
Dec 23/93
jumps,
the
co-pilot
should
4a.11.3
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS Flights for Dropping Cargoes and Parachutists
Civil
(cont'd)
48.11.4
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS Flights for Dropping Cargoes and Parachutists
4a.11.3.
before flight, check for presence of the protective casing on the entry door handle and the fairing on the pipe
connection of the left strut shock absorber and also
check for presence of the signal means aboard the helicopter (the white and red flags), knife and static line
having the length of at least 6 m with the snap hooks at
the ends;
Peculiarities of Flights
Dec 23/93
do.11.5
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS Flights for Dropping Cargoes and Parachutists
48.11.6
Dec 23/93
3fL
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS Flights for Dropping Cargoes and parachutists
Notes: 1 . Before delivering the "Drop" command, the copilot should take into account the delay in actions of the flight engineer:
Bring the helicopter to the point of paradropping in compliance with the planning laid down in the Manual for Civil
Aviation Parachute-Rescue Training.
(cont'd)
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
48.11.7
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS Flights for Dropping Cargoes and Parachutists
4a.11.3.9. When dropping the parachutists after bringing the helicopter to the "point", the co-pilot should report: "Over
point" to the helicopter commander.
After receiving this report, the helicopter commander
gives the "Get ready" command; on this command, the
flight engineer gives a short signal with the aid of the
horn.
If the flight engineer does the work of the dropmaster,
on this command, he should leave his station, open the
entry door, check the parachute static line for proper
attachment and, keeping contact with the helicopter
commander over the intercommunication system, on the
"Go" command, clear the way to the door with his hand
or bar it on the "Stop" command. If the dropmaster is
present, then, after delivering a short signal with the
aid of the horn for attracting the
parachutists'
attention, on the "Go" command, the flight engineer
should signal with a white flag, and on the "Stop"
command, with a red flag. In this case, the helicopter
entry door should be open beforehand and closed after
jump of the last parachutist and retraction of the static
lines.
4a.11.3.10. For increasing the parachutists' drop accuracy, it is
expedient to drop the harmonizing devlce \a parachute
with cargo - dummy) at the design point.
4a.11.3.11. In case of the parachute catching on the helicopter structure and parachutist hanging, the flight engineer should
immediately report the matter to the helicopter commander
and independently or together with dropmaster, take the
necessary measures to hold the parachutist hanging on the
parachute. In this case, the helicopter commander should
decrease the flight speed down to the minimum one and, if
the flight mass and relief allow, descend the helicopter
with hovering at an altitude of 20 m and gradually lower
the parachutist on the ground. As soon as the parachutist
touches the ground, perform the further descent of the
helicopter with simultaneous movement to the right.
4a.11.8
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
USE OF HELICOPTER FOR VARIOUS OPERATIONS Flights for Dropping Cargoes and parachutists
Dec 23/93
4a.11.9/10
ISeotion 5
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES . Contents
S e c t i o n
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
..................
......................
................
5.10. Failure of Transfer Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.11. Clogging of Fuel Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.12. Illumination of 270-1 FUEL REMAIN Annunciator . . . . . . .
5.13. Failure of Service Tank Float Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.14. Failure of Main Hydraulic System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.15. Failure of Main Gyro Horizon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.16. Failure of Two Gyro Horizons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.17. Failure of Roll Monitoring Unit FKK-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.18. Failure of Two Speed Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.9. Failure of Service Tank Booster Pump
Dec 23/93
..
Contents
5.112
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES - General Instructions on Actions to Be
Taken by Crew Members in Adverse Situations
5.1.
(b)
adverse
situation
in
report to
(failure);
the
helicopter
commander
the
trouble
the co-pilot:
(c)
read the adverse situation check-out sheet as instructed by the helicopter commander;
Dec 23/93
5.1.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES - General Instructions on Actions to Be
Taken by Crew Members in Adverse Situations
5.1.2
000 -
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURS
5.2.
5.2.1.
*
(1) Main rotor speed
*
(2) Cruising speed
*
*
*
To be maintained
Helicopter commander
To be set
Helicopter commander
Flight engineer
Helicopter commander
To be aborted
Helicopter commander,
co -pilot
Helicopter commander,
flight engineer
(7)
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
(8)
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot, flight engineer
5.2.2.
To be intensified
Helicopter commander,
flight engineer
To be reduced
Helicopter commander
To be aborted
Helicopter commander
To be executed
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
*
(3) Mission execution
*
Dec 23/93
Helicopter commander,
flight engineer
5.2.1
jd'i
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURS
(6)
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
(7)
If one of engines is
off, act as in case of
flight with one inoperative engine
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot, flight
engineer
5.2.3.
To be reported
Flight engineer
To be reduced
Helicopter commander
To be aborted
Helicopter commander
To be executed
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
To be intensified
Flight engineer
To be shut down
Helicopter commander,
flight engineer
*
(3) Mission execution
*
operation parameters
If one of engines is
off, act as in case of
flight with one inoperative engine
5.2.4.
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot, flight engineer
Flight engineer
*
(2) Engine power rating
*
To be decreased
Helicopter commander
To be intensified
Flight engineer
To be aborted
Helicopter commander
(cont'd)
5.2.2
Dec 23/93
BW
ABNORMAL PROCEDURS
*
1
FLIGHT MANUAL
Adverse Situation Check-Out Sheets
To be executed
To be intensified
(3)
(4)
If one
act as
flight
rative
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
5.2.6.
Helicopter commander,
flight engineer
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot, flight engineer
engine is off,
in case of
with one inopeengine
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
of engines is o f f ,
in case of
with one inopeengine
Helicopter commander,
flight engineer
Helicopter commander,
f l i g h t engineer
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot, flight engineer
Flight engineer
To be aborted
Helicopter commander
Dec 23/93
5.2.3
FLIGHT MANUAL
326
To be intensified
5.2.7.
*
*
Flight engineer
Helicopter commander
To be aborted
5.2.8.
To be executed
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
Helicopter commander
To be reported
Flight engineer
Flight engineer
To be continued
Helicopter commander
To be reported
Flight engineer
To be aborted
Helicopter commander
*
(3) Mission execution
*
*
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
(3)
Flight engineer,
helicopter commander
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
(7)
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
5.2.9.
To be executed
* ( I ) Illumination of LEFT
To be reported
5.2.6
Dec 23/93
Flight engineer
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURS
*
(2) Engine power rating
*
(3) Mission execution
To be reduced
Helicopter commander
To be aborted
Helicopter commander
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
(5)
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
5.2.10.
To be executed
Flight engineer
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
(3)
*
*
Annunciator
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
Helicopter commander
(Sub-section 5.13)
To be reported
Flight engineer
To be estimated
Helicopter commander
Dec 23/93
Flight engineer
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
5.2.5
.3Al
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURS - Adverse Situation Check-Out Sheets
5.2.12.
Failure of Main Hvdraulic System (Sub-section 5.14)
(1) Failure of main hydra- To be made sure
Flight engineer
lic system
*
*
Flight engineer
Flight engineer
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
(5)
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
5.2.13.
To be executed
To be checked
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
*
(2) Check of safety fuses
*
To be performed
Flight engineer
*
(4) Piloting
*
To be carried out
Co-pilot
To be performed
Helicopter commander
( 6 ) Readings of gyro
To be compared
Helicopter commander,
co -pilot
To be performed
Co-pilot
horizons
( 7 ) Check by reference to
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
Helicopter commander
5.2.14.
( 1 ) Turning-on of gyro
horizons
To be checked
(cont'd)
5.2.6
Dec 23/93
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
FLIGHT MANUAL
3ZY
To be performed
Flight engineer
Helicopter commander
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
(5)
Helicopter commander
5.2.15.
(1) Autopilot
Readings of gyro
horizons
Roll monitoring unit
To be disengaged
To be compared
To be turned off
To be continued
Helicopter commander
Helicopter commander
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
Helicopter commander
To be estimated
speed indicators
Helicopter commander
To be maintained
Dec 23/93
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
5.2.7
3.30
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURS - Adverse Situation Check-Out Sheets
(5) Troubles (failures) oc- To be reported
curred and measures
to ATC service
taken
(6)
5.2.17.
To be performed
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
rol lever
To be deflected
all way down
Helicopter commander
To be turned to
left
Helicopter commander
Helicopter commander,
flight engineer
*(5)
Helicopter commander
To be applied
Helicopter commander
5.2.18.
Helicopter commander
Helicopter commander,
flight engineer
5.2.8
Helicopter commander
Dec 23/93
Helicopter commander
Helicopter commander
Helicopter commander
Helicopter commander
33 1
ABNORMAL PROCEDURS
*
*
*
FLIGHT MANUAL
Adverse Situation Check-Out Sheets
(3) Autopilot
To be engaged
Helicopter commander,
co-pilot
To be continued
Helicopter commander
Helicopter commander
Helicopter commander
Helicopter commander
5.2.2a.
5.2a.l.
5.2a.2.
In the indicated circumstances, the flight safety is determined by the teamwork of the crew performing a complex
of operations under the supervision of the helicopter commander (the list of mandatory operations and their sequence are indicated in the respective check-out sheets).
5.2a.3.
The adverse situation check-out sheets contain the generalized conventional descriptions of the required operations. Alongside with the description of each sheet, the
reference is given to the respective sub-section of the
present Flight Manual, containing the detailed information
on the whole complex of actions to be taken in the adverse
situation, prescribed by the given sheet. The check-out
sheet steps marked with an asterisk ( * ) are primary and
the crew members should know them by heart and perform
them in the respective sequence and scope without loss of
time should the need arise.
5.2a.4.
Under conditions requiring the use of the adverse situation check-out sheets, when the time reserve after execut-
Dec 23/93
5$2.9
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURS - Adverse Situation Check-Out Sheets
ing the first-priority operations allows, the helicopter
commander orders one of the crew members (at his discretion) to read the respective sheet aloud to remind the
crew of the main prescribed operations and to ensure the
possibility of checking them for proper accomplishment.
- 000
5.2.10
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES - Flight with Failed Engine
Control System
5.3.
5.3.1.
General
(a)
Dec 23/93
5.3.1
3 39
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES - Flight with Failed Engine
Control System
(b)
to be maintained
the heli-
to be set
mission execution
helicopter commander
to be
discontinued
the
5.3.2
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES - Flight with Failed Engine
Control System
to
be reported to the ATC service - the helicopter commander, co-pilot
The helicopter commander or the co-pilot (on the command of the helicopter commander) should report to
the ATC service about the engine shutdown and landing
on the airfield or site selected from the air. The
crew should remove the emergency radio set from the
helicopter.
Dec 23/93
5.3.3/6
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
5.4.
5.4.1.
General
The engine excessive vibration in flight is accompanied by
the following symptoms:
annunciator;
5.4.2.
Crew O~eratinpProcedures
The detailed contents of the "Danger (Excessive) Vibration
of Engine" adverse situation check-out sheet:
copter commander
In case of flickering o f the red annunciator button.
the helicopter commander should switch off central
annunciator panel UCO, reduce the engine power
rating; if the LEFT (RIGHT) ENG VIBR ABNORM red
annunciator is dead, the helicopter commander should
Dec 23/93
5.4.1
338
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES - Danger (Excessive) Vibration
of Engine
the helicop-
(5) If the vibration level exceeds the tolerable limit the engine should be shut down - the helicopter commander, flight engineer
(6) The troubles (failures) occurred and measures taken to be reported to the ATC service - the helicopter
commander, co-pilot
The helicopter commander or co-pilot (on the command
of the helicopter commander) should report to the ATC
service about the increased vibration of the engine
and measures taken (to continue or stop the flight).
the helicopter,
5.4.2
000
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
359
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
5.5.
5.5.1.
General
The engine oil system pressure drop is accompanied by the
following symptoms:
5.5.2.
Crew O~eratingProcedures
The detailed contents of the "Drop of Oil Pressure in
Engine" adverse situation check-out sheet:
to be aborted
the helicop-
to be
Dec 23/93
5.5.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
3Yc
intensified
2 kgf/cmZ - the
the helicopter com-
If the oil pressure drops below 2 kgf/cm2, the helicopter commander should shut down the engine with the
engine shutdown valve and order the flight engineer
to close the fuel fire shut-off valve of the failed
engine.
On command from the helicopter commander, the flight
engineer should close the fuel fire shut-off valve of
the failed engine, check the valve closure by reference to illumination of the LEFT (RIGHT) CLOSED
(JIEBMm (IIPAB6m) 3AICPLIT) yellow annunciator.
( 7 ) The troubles (failures) occurred and measures taken -
the helicopter
5.5.2
000
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES - Oil Temperature Rise or Appearance
of Metal Chips in Engine Oil
5.6.
5.6.1.
General
The oil temperature rise or appearance of tho metal chips
in the engine oil is respectively accompanied by the
following symptoms:
5.6.2.
Dec 23/93
5.6.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES - Oil Temperature Rise or Appearance
of Metal Chips in Engine Oil
able limits, the flight engineer should report the
matter to the helicopter commander.
( 4 ) The mission
execution
copter commander
to be aborted
the heli-
(7) The troubles (failures) occurred and measures taken to be reported to the ATC service - the helicopter
commander, co-pilot
The helicopter commander or flight engineer (on the
command from the helicopter commander) should report
to the ATC service about the troubles (failures)
occurred and the measures taken.
( 8 ) If one of the engines is off, act as in case of the
5.6.2
Dec 23/93
the helicopter
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES - Oil Temperature Rise or Appearance
of Metal Chips in Engine Oil
000
Dec 23/93
5.6.314
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES - Failure of Engine Temperature Regulator
5.7.
5.7.1.
General
The engine temperature regulator failure is accompanied by
the following symptoms:
5.7.2.
inlet temperature
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
5.7.1
3Y6
FLIGHT MANUAL
the helicopter
5.7.2
000
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES - Troubles of Gearboxes
5.8.
TROUBLES OF GEARBOXES
5.8.1.
General
The gearbox
symptoms :
troubles
are
accompanied
by
the
following
of
the
of
Gearboxes"
to be aborted
the heli-
Dec 23/93
5.8.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES - Troubles of Gearboxes
In case of appearance of the abnormal noise or buffeting, temperature rise over the maximum permissible
value or oil pressure drop in the main gearbox below
the minimum permissible value and also in case of
illumination of the CHIPS IN GEARBOX OIL or LOW OIL
PRESS IN MAIN GEARBOX, the helicopter commander
should change over to descent without delay at the
lower power of the engines and airspeed of 130 to
140 km/h and land the helicopter on the site selected
from the air, with the landing roll, if possible.
The helicopter commander or the co-pilot (on the command from the helicopter commander) should report to
the troubles (failures) occurred and measures taken
to the ATC service.
000
~~~.
5.8.2
Dec 23/93
3ro
3Y $3
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES - Failure of Service Tank Booster Pump
5.9.
5.9.1.
General
The failure of the service tank
accompanied by the following symptoms:
booster
pump
is
5.9.2.
to be aborted
the heli-
The troubles (failures) occurred and measures taken to be reported to the ATC service - the helicopter
commander, co-pilot
The helicopter commander or co-pilot (on the command
of the helicopter commander) should report to the ATC
service about the troubles (failures) occurred and
measures taken.
(4)
Dec 23/93
5.9.1/2
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
5.10.
5.10.1.
General
The transfer pump failure is accompanied by the following
symptoms :
5.10.2.
the
The flight engineer should inform the helicopter commander about the failure of one of the transfer pumps
and switch off the failed pump.
Dec 23/93
5.10.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
3 Set.
to be reported
the
flight engineer
The flight engineer should report the failure of two
transfer pumps to the helicopter commander and turn
off the left and right pumps.
* ( 6 ) The troubles (failures) occurred and measures taken to be reported to the ATC service - the helicopter
commander, co-pilot
5.10.2
000
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
5.11.
5.11.1.
General
5.11.2.
The helicopter commander should reduce the power rating of the respective engine.
(3) The mission execution
ter commander
5.11.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
5.11.2
000
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES - Illumination of 270-1 FUEL REMAIN
Annunciator
5.12.
5.12.1.
General
Presence of the remaining fuel reserve in the quantity of
270 ltr aboard the helicopter is accompanied by the following symptoms:
flickering of the red annunciator button on central annunciator panel UCO located on the left instrument board
and the 2'70-1 FUEL REMAIN (OCTAJIOCb 270 JI) annunciator
located on the right instrument board;
( 2 ) Possibility
point co-pilot
Dec 23/93
5.12.1
PLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES - Illumination of 270-1 FUEL REMAIN
Annunciator
(3) The troubles (failures) occurred and measures taken to be reported to the ATC service - the helicopter
commander, co-pilot
The helicopter commander or co-pilot (on the command
of the helicopter commander) should report about the
troubles (failures) occurred and measures taken to
the ATC service.
(4) Decision to continue the flight or land the helicopter - to be made - the helicopter commander
Referring to the data received from the co-pilot on
the distance from the helicopter fix to the nearest
airfield and the data received from the flight engineer on the quantity of fuel remained in the service tank, the helicopter commander should make a
decision to continue the flight to the nearest airfield or land the helicopter on the site selected
from the air.
w:
5.12.2
0110
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
33
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
5.13.
5.13.1.
General
The service tank float valve failure is accompanied by the
following symptom:
- with the pumps of the drop fuel tanks running, the quantity of fuel in the service tank decreases.
5.13.2.
Crew O~eratinpProcedures
The detailed contents of the "Service Tank Float Valve
Failure" adverse situation check-out sheet:
be
estimated
the
helicopter
commander
(4) The troubles (failures) occurred and measures taken to be reported to the ATC service - the helicopter
commander, co-pilot
The helicopter commander or co-pilot (on the command
from the helicopter commander) should report about
the troubles (failures) occurred and measures taken
to the ATC service.
000
Dec 23/93
5.13.1/2
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES - Failure of Main Hydraulic System
5.14.
5.14.1.
General
The main hydraulic system failure is accompanied by the
following symptoms:
- flickering of the red annunciator button of central annunciator panel 4CO located on the left instrument board
and illumination of the AUX SYS ON (AYBJIMP. BKJIIOYEHA)
annunciator;
- the information reporting system reads: "Main hydraulic
system failed";
- extinguishment of the MAIN SYS ON (OCHOBHAII BICJIIOYEHA)
green annunciator;
- pressure drop
40 kgf/cm2;
in
the
main
hydraulic
system
below
Crew O ~ e r a t i n eProcedures
The detailed contents of the "Failure of Main Hydraulic
System" adverse situation check-out sheet:
sure
to be made
(2) The MAIN HYDRAULIC SYS (FHAPOCHCT. OCHOBH.) switch to be turned off - the flight engineer
After receiving the confirmation from the flight engineer on the hydraulic system failure, the helicopter commander should order the flight engineer to
set the MAIN HYDRAULIC SYS switch to the OFF (BLIKJI.)
( c o n t 'dl
Dec 23/93
5.14.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
m . For
(3) Monitoring of the auxiliary hydraulic system operation - to be intensified - the flight engineer
The flight engineer should intensify the monitoring
of the auxiliary hydraulic system operation.
(4) The troubles (failures) occurred and measures taken to be reported to the ATC service - the helicopter
commander, co-pilot
The helicopter commander or co-pilot (on the command
from the helicopter commander) should report about
the troubles (failures) occurred and measures taken
to the ATC servj~ce.
(5)
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
5.15.
5.15.1.
General
The main gyro horizon
following symptoms:
5.15.2.
failure
is
accompanied
by
the
Main
Gyro
the
The helicopter commander, co-pilot should make certain that the LEFT GH (Al' JIEB.), RIGHT GH (Ar IIPAB.)
switches are placed in the ON (BICJI.) position.
to be performed
the
Dec 23/93
5.15.1
36 L
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
(4) Piloting
to be executed
the co-pilot
On the command from the helicopter commander, the copilot should take over the control and fly the helicopter by reference to the serviceable gyro horizon.
*(5) Check by reference to the standby gyro horizon - to
be performed - the helicopter commander
When the co-pilot flies the helicopter, the helicopter commander should check the readings against the
standby gyro horizon and render assistance to the copilot in watching the instrument readings.
( 6 ) Readings of the gyro horizons - to be compared - the
helicopter commander, co-pilot
(8) The troubles (failures) occurred and measures taken to be reported to the ATC service - the helicopter
commander, co-pilot
The helicopter commander or co-pilot (on the command
from the helicopter commander) should report about
the troubles (failures) occurred and measures taken
to the ATC service.
(cont'dj
5.15.2
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
FLIGHT MANUAL
365-
5.16.
5.16.1.
General
The failure of two gyro horizons is accompanied by the
following symptoms:
5.16.2.
Crew O~eratinpProcedures
The detailed contents of the "Failure of Two Gyro Horizons" adverse situation check-out sheet:
to be checked
The helicopter commander should disengage the autopilot, the helicopter commander and co-pilot should
make sure that the LEFT GH (Ar JIEB.) and RIGHT GH (Ar
IIPAB.) switches are placed in the ON (BKJI.1 position.
The helicopter commander should order the flight engineer to check the safety fuses for serviceability.
(3) Piloting by reference to the standby gyro horizon to be carried out - the helicopter commander
The helicopter commander should change over to piloting by reference to the standby gyro horizon and duplicating instruments.
(4)
The troubles (failures) occurred and measures taken to be reported to the ATC service - the helicopter
commander, co-pilot
The helicopter commander or co-pilot (on the command
from the helicopter commander) should report the ATC
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
5.16.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES - Failure of Two Gyro Horizons
service about the troubles (failures) occurred and
measures taken.
(5)
5.16,2
000
Dec 23/93
3 3
96J
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES - Failure of Roll Monitoring Unit EKK-18
5.17.
5.17.1.
General
The failure of roll monitoring unit EKK-18 is accompanied
by the following symptoms:
(3)
The troubles (failures) occurred and measures taken to be reported to the ATC service - the helicopter
commander, co-pilot
The helicopter commander or co-pilot (on the command
from the helicopter commander) should report the ATC
service about the troubles (failures) occurred and
measures taken.
000
Dec 23/93
5.17.1/2
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
5.18.
5.18.1.
General
The failure of two speed indicators is accompanied by the
following symptoms:
5.18.2.
disagreement between the indicated speed and the selected flight conditions;
Two
Speed
to
estimated
to be
The helicopter commander should estimate the correctness of the speed indicator readings, for which purpose he should shift the static pressure selector
valve to the LEFT (JIEBAII) position and then to the
RIGHT (IIPABAB) one. If the indicator (indicators)
readings are stable in one of these positions and
correspond to the flight conditions, leave the selector valve in this position and continue the flight.
If the indicator readings are unstable or do not correspond to the flight conditions, set the selector
valve to the COMBINED (OB5EALIHEHHAB) position ; if in
any of the indicated positions of the selector valve,
3w
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
with
the pitot-static tube heaters being serviceable, the speed indicator readings fail to restore to
the normal value, the helicopter commander should
abort the flight.
i@
(3)
"(4)
(5) The troubles (failures) occurred and measures taken to be reported to the ATC service - the helicopter
commander, co-pilot
The helicopter commander or co-pilot (on the command
from the helicopter commander) should report the ATC
service about the troubles (failures) occurred and
measures taken.
the
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
5.19.
GROUND RESONANCE
5.19.1.
General
Ground Resonance
Crew O ~ e r a t i nProcedures
~
when Testinp Enpines under
Ground Resonance Conditions
The detailed contents of the "Ground Resonance in Testing
Engines" adverse situation check-out sheet:
turn
the
throttle
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
5.19.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
5.19.3.
Ground Resonance
turn the
throttle
(3) The control stick - to be held in the neutral position - the helicopter commander
The helicopter commander should
stick in the neutral position.
hold
the
control
the
wheel
19.2
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
5.20.
5.20.1.
General
As a rule, the low-frequency oscillations of the
helicopter in flight occur in the vertical plane at a
frequency of 3 . 5 to 3 . 7 Hz close to the main rotor speed
( 3 . 2 Hz).
5.20.2.
Crew O ~ e r a t i nProcedures
~
The detailed contents of the "Low-Frequency Oscillations
of Helicopter In Flight" adverse situation. check-out
sheet:
the
(3)
After disappearance of the low-frequency oscillations, the helicopter commander should order the
co-pilot to engage the autopilot by the channels.
(cont'd)
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
5.20.1
39Y
FLIGHT MANUAL
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES - Low-Frequency Oscillations of Helicopter
in Flight
to be continued
the heli-
(5) If, after engagement of the autopilot, the oscillations occur again - the actions indicated in Item
(1) to be repeated, the flight speed - to be decreased, the flight with disengaged autopilot - to be
completed - the helicopter commander
If, after engagement of the autopilot, the low-frequency oscillatons occur again, the helicopter commander should repeat the actions indicated in Item (11,
decrease the flight speed by 20 to 30 km/h as compared with the speed at which the oscillations occurred
and complete the flight, with the autopilot being
disengaged.
5.20.2
Dec 23/93
EMERGENCIES
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES . Contents
S e c t i o n
EMERGENCIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 . 1 . 1
6.1.
General
6.2.
6.3.
6.4.
6.5.
6.6.
6.7.
6.8.
6.9.
Emergency Landing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 . 9 . 1
6 . 1 0 . Ditching
6.3.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 . 1 0 . 1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.11.1/2
6.12. "Vortex-Ring"State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 . 1 2 . 1
6 . 1 3 . Failure of Directional Control in Flight . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 . 1 3 . 1
6 . 1 1 . External Store Emergency Release
0 0 0
...
. 6 . 14 . 1
CONTENTS
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
6.112
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES
6 .l.
General
GENERAL
This section contains the instructions for operation of the
helicopter and the crew operating procedurs in the emergency
situations.
An
emergency
situation
is
the
specific
situation
characterized by the necessity of the emergency landing or
situation whose transition to the catastrophic situation may
be prevented due to the considerable increase in the physical
and psychophysiological loads on the crew and calls for the
high skill of the crew members to prevent a disaster.
In case
should :
an
emergency
situation
occurs, the
crew members
report the
(fire);
helicopter
commander
about
the
trouble
(b)the
evacuation after
the
helicopter
co-pilot:
(failures) oc-
Dec 23/93
6.1.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES - General
sures, following
present Section;
the
instructions
indicated
in
the
if necessary, order the co-pilot to read aloud the emergency check-out sheet;
after eliminating the emergency situation, make a decision on whether to continue the flight or land the helicopter;
6.L2
000
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES
6.2.
*(I)
*
*
*
*
Make sure
Flight engineer
(2)
To be switched
on manually
Plight engineer
(3)
Engines
To be closed
Flight engineer
(5)
To be switched
on
Flight engineer
(6)
To be reported
to the ATC
service
(7)
Helicopter
To be deenergized
Flight engineer
To be taken
Helicopter commander
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
6.2.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES
To be transferred for
descent
Make sure
Flight engineer
To be switched on manually
Flight engineer
(3)
*(5)
Flight engineer
To be closed
Flight engineer
(7)
"Distress" signal
To be injected
Helicopter commander
(8)
To be reported
to the ATC
service
To be switched
on
Flight engineer
(G)
(9)
(cont'd)
6.2.2
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES
To be executed
(11)
(12)
The helicopter
To be deenergized
Flight engineer
To be taken
Helicopter commander
(1)
The helicopter
To be transferred for
descent
(2)
Make certain
Flight engineer
(3)
To be switched
on manually
Flight engineer
To be injected
Helicopter commander
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
6.2.3
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES
(5)
To be switched
on
Flight engineer
(6)
(7)
To be executed
(8)
Engines
To be shut
down
(9)
The helicopter
To be deenergized
Flight engineer
(10)
Evacuation measures
To be taken
Helicopter commander ,
*
*
(1) Helicopter
(2)
Make sure
Flight engineer
(3)
To be switched
on manually
Flight engineer
6.2.4
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
385
EMERGENCIES
Flight engineer
To be injected
Helicopter commander
To be switched
on
Flight engineer
(7)
(8)
To be executed
(9)
Engines
(10)
Helicopter
* ( 5)
* (6)
"Distress"
signal
To be taken
Helicopter commander
(1)
*(2)
(3)
Helicopter
Oxygen masks
To be put on
Oxygen
To be taken
(cont'd)
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
6.2.5
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES
engineer
(5)
"Distress" signal
To be injected
Helicopter commander
(6)
To be deenergized
(7)
To be reported
to the ATC
service
(8)
To be executed
(9)
Engines
(10) Helicopter
To be deenergized
Flight engineer
To be taken
Helicopter comman
der
(1)
Helicopter
(2)
Oxygen masks
To be put on
Oxygen
Change over to
oxygen breathing
(4)
Fire source
*(5)
Fire source
To be deenergized
*(3)
(cont'd)
6.2.6
Dec 23/93
Flight engineer
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES
To be injected
Helicopter comman.
der
(7)
To be reported
to the ATC
service
(9)
To be executed
(10)
Engines
'(8)
(11)
Evacuation measures
To be taken
Helicopter commander
(1)
To be accomplished
Helicopter comman
der
(2)
Engines
To be shut
down
Helicopter comman
der, flight engineer
(3)
"Distress" signal
To be injected
Helicopter commander
(4)
To be reported
to the ATC
service
(5)
To be executed
(6)
Helicopter
To be deenergized
Flight engineer
Dec 23/93
6.2.7
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES
(7)
Evacuation measures
To be taken
Helicopter commander
*
*
*
*
(1)
To be determined
(3)
Failed engine
To be closed
Flight engineer
(6)
"Distress" signal
To be injected
(7)
(8)
To be executed
(5)
6.2.8.I
*
1
Helicopter commander
e (Sub-Section 6.8)
(1)
To be switched
off
Flight engineer
(2)
To be started
Flight engineer
(3)
Generator of auxiliary
power unit (BCY)
To be switched
on
Flight engineer
(cont'd)
6.2.8
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES - Emergency Check-Out Sheets
369
To be reported
Flight engineer
"Distress" signal
To be injected
Helicopter commander
(6)
To be reported
to ATC service
(7)
To be executed
Helicopter commander
WARNING. WHEN FLYING ON THE EMERGENCY BUS, ONE SHOULD BEAR IN MIND
THAT :
- THE USABLE FUEL REMAINS IN THE SERVICE TANK;
- THE STORAGE BATTERY CAPACITY POWER RESERVE FOR FEEDING THE
CONSUMERS' IS SUFFICIENT ONLY FOR 1 5 MINUTES:
- IT
To be injected
Helicopter commander
To be reported
to ATC service
Helicopter commander
(2)
(3)
Evacuation measures
(6) Helicopter
To be executed
Helicopter comman
der
To be taken
(cont'd)
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
6.2.9
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES - Emergency Check-Out Sheets
6.2.10. Emercrencv Ditching (Sub-section 6.10)
* (1)
To be injected
Helicopter commander
measures taken
To be reported
to ATC service
To be prepared
To be dropped
To be executed
To be put into
action
Co-pilot, flight
engineer
To be executed
Co-pilot, flight
engineer
To be reported
to helicopter
commander
Flight engineer,
co-pilot
"Distress" signal
(3)
* (5)
*(6)
(8)
Completion of evacuation
Helicopter commander
To be executed
Helicopter commander
(12) Helicopter
To be ditched
Helicopter commander
( c o n t 'dl
6.2.10
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES
(13) Engines
* (14) Helicopter
*
*
(1)
Control stick
(2)
Flight speed
*(3)
(5)
To be executed
Helicopter commander
To be reported
to ATC service
*
*
To be executed
(2)
Engines
Helicopter
To be deenergized
Flight engineer
To be taken
Helicopter commander
*(3)
Helicopter commander
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
6.2.11
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES
(1)
Change-over of helicopter
to main rotor autorotation
To be executed
Helicopter commander
To be executed
by slipping
Helicopter commander
To be disengaged
(4)
To be selected
(5)
To be reported
to ATC service
Engines
Autorotation landing
To be executed
Helicopter commander
Helicopter
To be deenergized
Flight engineer
Evacuation measures
To be taken
Helicopter commander
(3)
(6)
*(I)
(8)
(9)
(2)
(3)
Helicopter trim
To be executed
by slipping
Helicopter commander
To be disengaged
To be reported
to ATC service
To be executed
6.2.12
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES - Emergency Check-Out Sheets
*(5)
(6)
R o l l - o n landing
To be executed
Helicopter commander
Engines
T o be shut
down
*(7)
Helicopter
To be deenergized
Flight engineer
(8
Evacuation measures
To be taken
Helicopter commander
000
Dec 23/93
6.2.13/14
FLIGHT MANUAL
395-
EMERGENCIES
6.3.
6.3.1.
6.3.2.
6.3.3.
6.3.4.
on the basis of the received report and (or) direct observation, the helicopter commander should clearly
inform the crew about the nature of the occurred situation and order: "Crew, act according to sheet (the description of the sheet)", at the same time, proceed to
read from memory the primary operations specified in the
from the
emergency check-out sheet (on the ii~structio~~
helicopter commander, these items of the sheet may be
read by the co-pilot);
Dec 23/93
6.3.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES - Rules for Use of Emergency Check-Out Sheets
tunity, sequence and accuracy of the prescribed operations;
after accomplishing the operations, the crew members
should report the matter to the helicopter commander in
accordance with the directions laid down on the detailed
contents of the sheet;
when the time reserve after executing the primary operations allows, the helicopter commander orders one of
the crew members to read the respective check-out sheet
aloud to remind the crew of the main prescribed operations and checks to see how they can be accomplished;
when flying the helicopter carrying the external store,
the helicopter commander should release the store in the
safe area.
6.3;2
0 0 0
Dec 23/93
--
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES - Fire in Engine, Main Gearbox, Auxiliary
Power Unit BCY, KO-50 Heater Compartments
6.4.
6.4.1.
General
When the fire occurs:
The main
operates
automatic
alternate
manually.
each compartment
failure' of the
on manually. The
switched on only
Dec 23/93
6.4.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES - Fire in Engine, Main Gearbox, Auxiliary
Power Unit BCY, KO-50 Heater Compartments
* (2) If the automatic control unit of the main fire extinguisher discharge fails to operate - turn on manually
the main fire extinguisher discharge in the right
(left) engine compartment - the flight engineer
* (4) The engine fuel fire shut-off valves - to be closed the flight engineer
(cont'd)
6.4.2
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES - Fire in Engine, Main Gearbox, Auxiliary
Power Unit BCY, KO-50 Heater Compartments
to be taken
the helicopter
commander
The helicopter commander should instruct the passengers and crew members how to abandon the helicopter.
6.4.3.
(1) Transition
executed
' -
to
be
Dec 23/93
6.4.3
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES - Fire in Engine, Main Gearbox, Auxiliary
Power Unit BCY, KO-50 Heater Compartments
(3) If the automatic control unit of the main fire extinguisher discharge has failed to operate, use the main
fire extinguisher discharge in the right (left)
engine compartment - to be switched on manually - the
flight engineer
The flight engineer should manually switch on the
fire extinguisher of the main fire extinguisher discharge, for which purpose depress the MAIN FIREX
DISCH MANUAL CTL (PYYHOE BICJIIOYEHME 1 OYEPEAb) button
of the right (left) engine compartment.
6.4.4
Dec 23/93
460
FLIGHT
MANUAL
"Distress" signal
commander
to be injected
the helicopter
(10)
Landing on the site selected from air - to be executed - the helicopter commander, co-pilot
The helicopter commander should land the helicopter
on the site selected from the air or during the IFR
flights to the nearest airfield, if it is impossible
to change over to the VFR flying.
The helicopter commander should land the helicopter
in compliance with the instructions for landing the
helicopter with one engine operative.
(11)
The running engine - to be shut down - the helicopter commander, flight engineer
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
6.4.5
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES - Fire in Engine, Main Gearbox, Auxiliary
Power Unit BCY, KO-50 Heater Compartments
The helicopter commander or flight engineer (on the
command from the helicopter commander), after landing the helicopter, should shut down the running
engine and close its fuel fire shut-off valve.
(12)
The helicopter
engineer
to be deenergized
the flight
Evacuation measures
commander
to be taken
the helicopter
The helicopter commander should instruct the passengers and crew members how to abandon the helicopter.
6.4.4.
compartment
make
(3) If the automatic control unit of the main fire extinguisher discharge has failed to operate, use the main
fire extinguisher discharge in the main gearbox
(auxiliary power unit) compartment - to be switched
on manually - the flight engineer
(cont'd)
6.4;6
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES - Fire in Engine, Main Gearbox, Auxiliary
Power Unit BCY, KO-50 Heater Compartments
The flight engineer should manually switch on the
main fire extinguisher discharge in the main gearbox
(auxiliary power unit) compartment, for which purpose
he should depress the MAIN FIREX DISCH MANUAL CTL
(PYYHOE BKJIIOYEHME 1 OYEPEAb) button of the main gearbox (auxiliary power unit) compartment.
(4)
('7)
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
6.4.7
YO 4
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES - Fire in Engine, Main Gearbox, Auxiliary
Power Unit BCY, KO-50 Heater Compartments
(9)
The helicopter
engineer
to
be
deenergized
the
flight
6.4.5.
(1)
in
KO-50 Heater
Dec 23/93
go5
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES - Fire in Engine, Main Gearbox, Auxiliary
Power Unit BCY, KO-50 Heater Compartments
(1 OYEPEAb) yellow annunciator of the KO-50 heater
compartment.
(3)
If the automatic control unit of the main fire extinguisher discharge has failed to operate, use the
main fire extinguisher discharge in the KO-50 heater
compartment - to be switched on manually - the
flight engineer
If the automatic control unit of the main fire
extinguisher discharge has failed to operate, the
flight engineer should switch on manually the main
fire extinguisher discharge in the KO-50 heater compartment. If the automatic control unit of the main
fire extinguisher discharge has failed to operate,
the. KO-50 FIRE (IIOXAP KO-50) annunciator remains
alive, the flight engineer should manually switch on
the main fire extinguisher discharge, for which
purpose depress the MAIN FIREX DISCH MANUAL CTL
(PYYHOE BICmOrIEHME 1 0YEPEAb) button of the KO-50
heater compartment
to
be
switched
off
the
flight
engineer
The flight engineer should switch off heater KO-50
and make certain that it is deenergized by reference
to extinguishing of the KO-50 OPERATING (KO-50
PAFOTAET) annunciator.
*(5)
(6)
commander should
inject the
"Dis-
Dec 23/93
6.4.9
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES - Fire in Engine, Main Gearbox, Auxiliary
Power Unit BCY, KO-50 Heater Compartments
nate fire extinguisher discharge operation by reference to illumination of the ALTN DISCH yellow annunciator. After extinguishing the fire, the KO-50 FIRE
red annunciator should go out.
(7)
(8)
(9)
The helicopter
engineer
to be deenergized
the flight
to be taken
the helicopter
The helicopter commander should instruct the passengers and crew members how to abandon the helicopter.
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES
6.5.
6.5.1.
General
In case of fire aboard the helicopter at the places not
provided with the fire extinguishing system, it is
necessary to determine the cause of fire and isolate the
latter.
The fire is extinguished by the crew members with the aid
of the hand-operated fire extinguishers.
After detecting the fire source, it is necessary to
disconnect it from the helicopter electrical system and
proceed to extinguishing the fire.
In case of the fire occurrence when the fire source is not
known and cannot be detected, it is necessary to perform
the emergency descent and landing on the site selected
from the air.
6.5.2.
Crew O~eratinpProcedures
The detailed contents of the "Fire in Cargo Compartment"
emergency check-out sheet:
to be executed
(2) The oxygen masks - to be put on - the helicopter commander, co-pilot, flight engineer
The helicopter commander, co-pilot and flight
gineer should take the oxygen masks and put them
The flight engineer should ensure putting of
oxygen masks on the helicopter commander and
pilot.
enon.
the
co-
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
6.5.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
EMERGENCIES
* (4)
Measures t o extinguish fire with the aid of the hand operated fire extinguishers - to be taken - the helicopter commander, flight engineer
The helicopter commander should order the flight engineer to extinguish the fire with the aid of the
hand-operated fire extinguishers.
"Distress" signal
commander
(8)
6.5.2
fGS
Landing on the site selected from air - to be performed - the helicopter commander, co-pilot
Dec 23/93
Section 7
PERFORMANCE
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE . Contents
S e c t i o n
PERFORMANCE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
...................................
Summary of Characteristic Speeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Takeoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Climb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.1.1
Cruising Flight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. .
7.5.1
...............................................
Approach and Landing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operational Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.6.1/2
Basic Definitions
Descent
7.2.112
7.3.1
7.4.1
7.7.112
7.8.1/2
000
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
CONTENTS
7.1/2
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE - Basic Definitions
BASIC DEFINITIONS
Speeds
The indicated airspeed is the speed indicated by the speed
indicator (meter).
The flight airspeed is the helicopter speed with respect
to the air medium.
The equivalent airspeed is the helicopter speed read by
the ideal (free from errors) speed indicator.
The position error correction for the speed indicator is
the correction taking into account of the errors in measuring the airspeed due to the air flow distortion at the
place of installation of the pitot-static tube.
The minimum permissible flight speed is the minimum
permissible flight speed authorized for the given flight
mass of the helicopter and its flight conditions.
The maximum permissible flight speed is the maximum
permissible indicated airspeed of the flight for the given
flight mass of the helicopter and its flight conditions.
The optimum flight speed is the flight speed at which the
helicopter has the highest rate of climb (maximum power
reserve) and maximum flight endurance.
The cruising speed - is the flight speed at which the enroute maximum-range flights under the specific flight
operating conditions (the flight altitude, outside air
temperature, helicopter flight mass) are executed.
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
7.1.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE - Basic Definitions
The takeoff run is the horizontal distance covered by the
helicopter from the takeoff point to the helicopter
liftoff point (runway unstick point).
The landing roll is the horizontal distance covered by the
helicopter from the runway touchdown point to the
helicopter stopping point.
The obstacle limitation line
is the conventional
line (plane) over which no obstacles are present in the
approach area.
The approach area is the air space above the terrain
adjacent to the runway thresholds and located along
extended runway center line in which the helicopters climb
after takeoff and descent during their approach.
The
angle
of
inclination
of
the
obstacle
limit
conventional plane is the angle between the runway plane
and the obstacle limit conventional plane.
Helicoater Thrust
The helicopter thrust is the thrust numerically equal to
the helicopter mass in hovering.
The thrust out of the ground effect is the maximum thrust
developed by the helicopter to hover out of the ground
effect.
The thrust in the ground effect is the maximum thrust
developed by the helicopter to hover in the ground effect.
The helicopter thrust increase coefficient near the ground
- is the ratio of the helicopter thrust in the ground
effect to the helicopter thrust out of the ground effect.
The helicopter main rotor thrust out of the ground effect
at the takeoff power of the engines ( 3 9 0 0 hp), with the
dust protection device ejector switched off, in the
standard atmospheric and still-air conditions at the sea
level amounts to 13,300 kgf.
(cont'd)
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
7.1.3
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE
Basic Definitions
7.1.4.7.
7.1.4.8.
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
Ydo
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE - Summary of Characteristicspeeds
7.2.
Flight conditions
Description of
speed
Indicated speed
Running
takeoff
Liftoff speed
30 to 40 kmlh
Hovering
Rate of turn
12 degls, max.
Climb
Best gradient
speed
Cruising
Minimum speed
60 to 80 kmlh
Maximum speed
Cruising speed
Economy cruise
Roll-on
landing
Optimum rate of
descent
Glide speed in
main rotor auto
rotation mode
As in the level
flight regime
Landing speed
Dec 23/93
7.2.1/2
Ye5
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE
Takeoff
-
7.3.
TAKEOFF
7.3.1.
List of G r a ~ h s
7.3.1.1.
7.3.1.2.
7.3.1.3.
7.3.1.4.
7.3.1.5.
7.3.1.6.
7.3.1.7.
7.3.1.8.
7.3.1.9.
The altitude
Dec 23/93
7.3.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE
7.3.2.
Takeoff
with acceleration up to the speed of 30 to 40 km/h required for the helicopter liftoff (refer to Item 3.1.5
and Figs 3.1.1 to 3.1.4).
7.3.3.
7.3.4.
7.3.5.
Fig. 7.3.3 illustrates the altitude - speed danger-restricted area where hatched zone 6 determines the boundaries within which the flights are not recommended without
necessity. The other zone (zone A) presented also in Fig.
7.3.3 is authorized for flights if the necessity arises.
The lower boundary of zone A is defined so as to prevent
the excessive vertical acceleration in landing and exclude
the permanent deformations of the helicopter structure in
case of failure of one engine in hovering and when moving
at the low forward speeds.
The right and upper boundaries of this zone are based on
the margin of the hover height during the helicopter movement at the low forward speeds in case of the engine failure. The altitude margin takes account of the pilot's reaction delay and acceleration of the helicopter up to the
level flight speed, with one engine running, or up to the
approach speed with subsequent short landing.
7.3.2
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE - Climb
CLIMB
List of G r a ~ h s
Dependence of the vertical velocity
and time of climb on
the altitude and takeoff mass at the nominal power of the
engines, with the ice protection system being switched off
(Fig. 7.4.1).
Dependence of the vertical velocity and time of climb on
the altitude and takeoff mass at the nominal power of the
engines, with the ice protection system being switched on
(Fig. 7.4.2).
The helicopter trim curves representing the speed in the
level flight, climb at the takeoff power, descent, main
rotor autorotation (Fig. 7.10.7).
List of Tables
The best gradient speeds (Table 7.5.1).
The track, time of flight and fuel consumption during the
takeoff and climb (Table 3.1.4).
It is allowed to execute a climb within the indicated airspeed range specified in Table 7.5.1. The maximum rate of
climb is gained at the best gradient speed.
Dependence of the vertical velocity and time of climb at
the nominal power of the engines on the altitude in the
standard atmospheric conditions with the normal takeoff
mass and maximum takeoff mass of the helicopter is illustrated in Figs. 7.4.1 and 7 . 4 . 2 (with the ice protection
system being switched off and on, respectively). Switching
on the ice protection system decreases the vertical velocity by 1 m/s. The service ceiling of the helicopter having the nominal flight mass, with the ice protection system being switched off, amounts to 6000 m , and with the
ice protection system being switched on, 5900 m ; the helicopter service ceiling with the maximum flight mass and
ice protection system being switched off, amounts to
4800 m and when the ice protection system is switched on,
4500 m .
Dec 23/93
7.4.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE - Climb
7.4.5.
7.4.6.
7.4.2
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE
7.5.
Cruising Flight
CRUISING FLIGHT
List of Graahs
Variation in the permissible airspeeds versus the helicopter flight mass and altitude (Fig. 7.5.1).
Variation in the permissible flight speeds (indicated
airspeeds) versus the helicopter flight mass and altitude
(Fig. 7.5.2).
The graphs illustrating the fuel consumption per kilometer
(Figs 3 . 1 . 1 4 through 3.1.20).
The graphs illustrating the fuel
(Figs 3.1.21 through 3.1.271.
consumption
per
hour
Dec 23/93
7.5.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
VGt
7.5.3.
7.5.1.
A1 titude
<
11,100 kg
air speed
In
indicated speed
V
max .
V
cr.
V
vec.
min.
Vb
252
158
264
256
246
213
233
233
233
234
230
213
125
128
132
138
133
141
68
70
72
75
79
82
V
max .
V
cr.
vec.
vb
min .
250
250
250
230
210
170
230
225
220
210
195
170
120
120
120
120
110
110
60
611
60
60
60
60
Table 7 . 5 . 1 , continued
Altitude,
m
11,100 kg
< m 1 13,000 kg
air speed
min.
max .
68
70
72
75
79
82
110
230
230
230
195
160
120
100
'7.5.2
indicated speed
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
min.
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE
Cruising Flight
Dec 23/93
7.5.3
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE - Cruising Flight
(cont'd)
7.5.4
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE
Cruising Flight
Table 7 . 5 . 2
Fuel Consumption per Kilometer and per Hour
at Various Altitudes and Speeds for Maximum
Range Versus Flight Mass
(Main rotor speed - 95 % )
Fuel consumed by helicopter with flight mass, kg
H,
m
9000
kg/km
100
500
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7.5.5.
10,000
2.66
2.55
2.44
2.24
2.11
2.00
2.18
2.62
11,000
2.69
2.60
2.49
2.33
2.22
2.14
2.50
3.31
627
605
580
546
510
455
406
480
2.75
2.67
2.57
2.44
2.35
2.36
3.0
4.62
13,000
12,000
641
621
599
572
540
502
488
655
2.84
2.76
2.69
2.56
2.63
3.16
kg/h kg/km
621
601
587
559
500
487
2.93
2.86
2.81
2.71
2.91
3.73
Q
kg/h
640
623
614
592
554
575
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE
Cruising Flight
Barometric
altitude, m
up to 11.1 t
from 11.1 to 13 t
7.5.6
000
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE - Descent
DESCENT
List of Graphs
Rate of descent at the main rotor autorotation versus the
flight speed at the altitude of 1000 m (Fig. 7 . 6 . 1 ) .
List of Tables
Indicated airspeed during descent, rate of descent, fuel
mass consumed during descent, track, power-on descent time
(Table 3 . 1 . 5 ) .
Descent Procedure
The descent procedure is laid down in Section 4 "Descent"
Depending on the flight altitude, the power-on descent is
tolerable both vertically and on the slant paths. The main
rotor autorot,ation descent is executed only on the slant
path.
All descent characteristics (the indicated airspeed, vertical velocity, track, descent time, mass of consumed
fuel) in the descent conditions are given in Table 3.1.5.
In case of failure of two engines in flight, the flight
and landing may be continued in the main rotor autorotative conditions only.
The autorotation characteristic in the form of dependence
of the flight vertical velocity is shown in Fig. 7 . 6 . 1 . As
it is seen from the figure, the minimum vertical velocity
is obtained at the flight speed of 110 to 150 kmlh and the
minimum flight-path angle, at the speed of 1 8 0 to
1 9 0 km/h. Therefore, to obtain the required maximum path
for a safe landing, it is necessary to glide the helicopter from the altitude of 2000 m at the speed of 1 8 0 km/h/;
if no maximum gliding path is desired, the autorotation
flight at the speed of 1 4 0 km/h is recommended.
000
Dec 23/93
7.6.1/2
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE
7.7.
7.7.1.
000
Dec 23/93
7.7.1/2
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE
Operational Limits
7.8.
OPERATIONAL LIMITS
7.8.1.
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
7.8.'1/2
4H
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE - Position Error Corrections
Y80
7.9.
7.9.1.
List of Graohs
7.9.1.1.
7.9.1.2.
speed
indicator
Vind
Vc
-/a
where A is the air relative density.
Depending on the flight altitude in the international
standard atmosphere conditions, value A may be found from
the formula:
where: p o
0.12492 kgf.s2/m4,
ground ;
If the outside air temperature at the flight altitude differs from the standard one, value pf is determined from
the formula:
Pf=
Pst' Tst,
Tf
The graph representing dependence of airspeed on the equivalent and indicated airspeeds is shown in Fig. 7.9.2.
Dec 23/93
7.9.1/2
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE - Helicopter Control Features
HELICOPTER CONTROL FEATURES
List of Graphs
Dependence of the swashplate tilt angle on the control
stick longitudinal deflection (Fig. 7 . 1 0 . 1 ) .
Dependence of the swashplate tilt angle on the control
stick lateral deflection (Fig. 7 . 1 0 . 2 ) .
Dependence of the tail rotor blade
pedal travel (Fig. 7 . 1 0 . 3 ) .
pitch angle
on the
straight-and-level speed
trim
curves
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
7.10.1
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE - Helicopter Control Features
Increasing the collective pitch causes the main rotor
thrust to increase; in this case, the main rotor counterrotating torque acts on the helicopter (relative to the
vertical axis) directed to the side opposite to the sense
of rotation of the rotor. Increasing also is the power
consumed by the rotor, provided the main rotor speed is
maintained constant. Therefore, the main rotor collective
pitch control of the helicopter is associated with the
control of its power plant.
The directional control is effected by changing the tail
rotor collective pitch due to deflection of the tail rotor
control pedals.
Deflecting the pedals causes the tail rotor thrust and, as
a consequence, the torque acting on the helicopter relative to the vertical axis to change. Except the directional control, the tail rotor ensures the equalizing of
the resultant counterrotating torque of the main rotor.
Deflecting the control stick forward and to the left and
the right pedal forward from the neutral position is taken
as positive.
Using the said controls, the pilot can change the forces
and torques acting on the helicopter, thus maintaining the
desired attitude of the helicopter in the various flight
conditions. The main rotor cyclic pitch and collective
pitch are controlled with the aid of the swashplate.
The control stick is kinematically coupled with the swashplate (Figs 7.10.1 and 7.10.2) so that the controls stick
neutral position corresponds to deflection of the swashplate ring forward and to the left, thus decreasing the
amount of deflection of the control stick in the cruising
flight conditions. Similarly, the neutral position of the
pedals corresponds to the positive blade angle of the tail
rotor which allows flying in the cruising conditions, with
the pedals set to the close-to-neutral position (the left
pedal is deflected forward by 10 to 15 % of its travel
(Fig. 7.10.3)). All these factors reduce the pilot fatigue
during the prolonged cruising flights. Fig. 7.10.4 illustrates the tail rotor blade rod extension versus the
pedal travel.
(cont'd)
7.10.2
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE - Helicopter Control Features
q8-b
7.10.3.
Dec 23/93
7.10.3
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE
7.10.4.
7.10.4
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE
7.10.5.
( c o n t 'dl
Dec 23/93
7.10.5
FLIGHT MANUAL
486
7.10.6.
Dec 23/93
'lB1
PERFORMANCE
FLIGHT MANUAL
Helicopter Control Features
..
7.10.7.
Dec 23/93
7.10.7
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE - Helicopter Control Features
7.10.8.
Dec 23/93
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE
Dec 23/93
7.10.9
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE
7.10.9.2.
7.10.10
000
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE - Nornographs,
Graphs
FLIGHT MANUAL
PERFORMANCE - Nomographs, Graphs
(cont'd)
7.11.2
Dec 23/93
Y93
F L I G H T
M A N U A L
Dec 23/93
7.11.3
F L I G H T
M A N U A L
ALTITUDE
7.11.4
Dec 2 3 / 9 3
YJg
F L I G H T
M A N U A L
F L I G H T
M A N U A L
F L I G H T
M A N U A L
F L I G H T
PERFORMANCE -
M A N U A L
Nomcgraphs, Graphs
(cont'd)
Dec 23/93
7.11.8
F L I G H T
M A N U A L
F L I G H T
M A N U A L
COO
F L I G H T
n A N u A L
F L I Q H T MANUAL
PERFORMANCE NomOgraPhS, Graphs
503
F L I G H T
M A N U A L
Dependence o f T a i l R o t o r Rod E x t e n s i o n on P e d a l T r a v e l
Figure 7.10.4
F L I G H T
PERFORMANCE
M A N U A L
Nomographs, Graphs
Dec 23/93
7.11.14
F L I G H T
505
M A N U A L
F L I G H T
M A N U A L
7.11.16
Dec 23/93
94
F L I G H T
D"WZD?!AblCE
M A N U A L
- 2.?xo3r.i?hs;
r,,.ap!li
May 15/91
.,.ll.li
F L I G H T
M A N U A L
FLIGHT MANUAL
Dec 08105
FLIGHT MANUAL
Dec 23/93