08/06/2016

ReversedDishHead

ReversedDishedHead
File:PVE407,LastUpdated:June2,2003,By:LB

TheProblem:
Theprocessinthisvesselrequiredareversedishedhead.The
reversedishedheadcouldnotbefabricatedthickenoughtomeet
theASMEVIII1rules.Thechosensolutionwastoreinforcethe
headwithribstopreventsnapthrough.
Variousalternatemethodsofanalysisareshownhere.Onlythe
plateanalysiswasusedfortheactualjob.However,the
comparisonofthevariousmethodsiseducational.
Theheaddiameterandthicknessanddesignpressureof75psiisthesameforalloftheexamples
bellow.Thematerialhasayieldstrengthof30,000psiandanalloweddesignstressof20,000psi.The
maximumallowedmembrane(tensile)stressis20,000psi,30,000atregionsofdiscontinuities.The
maximumallowedmembrane+bendingstressis30,000psi,60,000psiatdiscontinuities.
Analysis2DAxisymmetricwithLinearMaterialProperties:
Thisisoneofthesimplestmethodsofanalyzingthisvessel.Acrosssectionoftheheadwithout
reinforcementisanalyzed.Algorassumesthatthe2Ddrawingissymmetricalaboutanaxis
(axisymmetric).Theresultsshowthestressdistributionintheheadifthereisnomaterialyielding
(linearmaterialproperties).

Crosssectionofthereversedished
head(fromcentertoleftside).
Stressesareshownforaninterior
pressureinthisandthefollowing
shots.
Thepeakstressis54,000psiintheknuckleregion,wellabovethe30,000psiyieldpoint.Thishead
failstheASMEVIII1codecalculationsforexteriorpressure,butthestressesintheknuckleregionare
lessthanthediscontinuitystresslimitof60,000psi.Predicteddeflectionis0.15inches(notshown).
Perhapstheheadissafe?TheASMEcodecalculationsprovideasafepressureof57psiforaregular
dishedhead.Also,theuseofregulardishedheadexteriorpressurecalculationsisnotprovenfora
reversedishedhead.
Analysis2DAxisymmetricwithNonLinearMaterialProperties:
Thisanalysisallowsformaterialyielding.Thesamecrosssectionisanalyzed,butforthisanalysis,the
pressureisappliedinsteps,andthematerialwillbeallowedtoyield(NonLinear).Theresultscanbe
seeninthismovie.
Upto64psi,theheadcanbeseendeflectinglinearlyunderpressure.At69psisnapthroughis
beginning(andthedeflectionisgreaterthanthematerialthickness).Atthispointtheheadhasstarted
permanentdeformationitwillnotreturntotheoriginalshapeafterthepressureisremoved.Pressures
beyond72psishowrapidsnapthrough.Thefinalframeshowsthefullysnappedthroughshapeat72
psi.Thisshapeiskeptpermanentlyafterthepressureisremoved.

http://www.pveng.com/FEA/FEASamples/ReversedDishHead/ReversedDishHead.php

1/4

08/06/2016

ReversedDishHead

Defectionofthecenteroftheheadvs
pressure.Snapthroughstartsaround
66psi.

Originalandfinalshapeofhead.
Loadedto75psiandPressure
released.

Theheadsnappedthroughbeforethe75psioperatingpressurewasreached.Thetestpressureat1.3x
theoperatingpressurewouldalsonotbereached.Actualsnapthroughpressurestendtobelowerthan
calculatedpressuresduetomanufacturingtolerancesandmaterialvariations.Afactorofsafetywould
alsobeneeded.
Analysis3DPlateAnalysis:
Reinforcingribswereputontheheadtopreventsnapthrough.3Danalysisisrequiredtocalculatethe
stresses.AsurfacemodelwascreatedinSolidWorks.Thematerialthicknessisspecifiedattimeof
analysisintheAlgorFEAprogram.

Platemodeltopviewcreatedin
SolidWorks.

Platemodelbottomview.

TheFEAanalysisoftheheadinAlgorshowedthatthestresseswereacceptable.Themaximumallowed
membrane(tensile)stressis20,000psi,30,000atregionsofdiscontinuities.Themaximumallowed
membrane+bendingstressis30,000psi,60,000psiatdiscontinuities.Peakstressesaroundstress
concentrationscanbelarger.

MembraneStresslimitedto20,000
psiexceptinareasofdiscontinuities.
Atareasofdiscontinuities,membrane
stresscanbe30,000psi.Thisplot
showsmaximummembranestresses
at42,000psiataconcentrationwhich
isacceptable.

TotalStress(Membrane+Bending)
limitedto30,000psiexceptinareas
ofdiscontinuities.Atareasof
discontinuities,membranestresscan
be60,000psi.Thetotalstressesare
acceptable.

Analysis3DSolidAnalysis:
AsolidmodelwascreatedinSolidWorksincludingthereinforcingribsandallweldfillets.Theactual
materialthicknesswasmodeled.Thiswasnotdonefortheoriginalanalysis,butisincludedherefor
educationalpurposes.
http://www.pveng.com/FEA/FEASamples/ReversedDishHead/ReversedDishHead.php

2/4

08/06/2016

ReversedDishHead

Solidmodelbottomview

Solidmodeldetailmeshedat1/8"
meshsize

Topsidestress

Bottomsidestressdetail

Thesolidmodelmaximumcalculatedstressesarefoundinthesamelocationasfortheplatemodel,but
aremuchlower.Thesolidmodelaccountsbetterforthestressesatconnections,andallowstheeffect
ofweldfilletstobeincluded.
Themaximumstressis28,000psi,foundinsmallpeakareas.Thisvaluecouldbeusedwithafatigue
analysisifrequired.Allofthegeneralstressesarebelowthe20,000tensilelimit,sonostress
linearizationisrequiredtoseparatemembraneandmembrane+bendingloads.

Snapthroughanalysisresultsforthe
solidbottomhead.pressureat1sec
is75psi.At3.5xoperatingpressthe
headstartstoyield.

Displacedheadat5xoperating
pressuredisplacementmagnified2x.

TheSolution:
Thedesignwiththereinforcingribswassuccessfullyused.Areportinterpretingtheresultsaccordingto
ASMEVIII2rulesallowedthevesseltoberegistered.Alatermodificationtotheprocessallowedaless
expensivedoublewallheadtobeusedinstead.
ComparisonofMethodsShown:
TheSolidandPlateanalysismethodshereproducedalmostidenticalstressresultsexceptat
attachments.TheSolidmodelwiththeweldfilletsgavemorerealisticandlowerstressresults.Thesolid
modelwasalsoeasiertomakethantheplatemodelwhichrequiredeachsurfacetobesplitatall
intersections.Ifthestresseswerehigherinthesolidmodel,stresslinearizationwouldhavebeen
requiredtoseparatethemembraneandmembrane+bendingstresses.Thesolidmodelstress
linearizationismoredifficultthanreadingthestressesoffoftheplatemodel.
Credits:
ThistankwasbuiltbyPriceSchonstromInc.,35ElmStreet,Walkerton,Ontario,Canada,N0G2V0
2016PressureVesselEngineeringLtd.

http://www.pveng.com/FEA/FEASamples/ReversedDishHead/ReversedDishHead.php

3/4

08/06/2016

ReversedDishHead

http://www.pveng.com/FEA/FEASamples/ReversedDishHead/ReversedDishHead.php

4/4