FORMWORK

What is Formwork

Formwork is a die or a mould including all supporting structures, used to shape and
support the concrete until it attains sufficient strength to carry its own weight. It should
be capable of carrying all imposed dead and live loads apart from its own weight.

INTRODUCTION TO FORMWORK

Formwork has been in use since the beginning of concrete construction.

New materials such as steel, plastics and fiberglass are used in formwork.

greater attention is being given to the design, fabrication, erection and

dismantling of formwork

DEFENITION:

As a structure,

Temporary which is designed to contain fresh fluid concrete.

Form it into the required shape and dimensions.

Support it until it cures sufficiently to become self supporting.

The term formwork includes the actual material contact with the concrete, known as
form face, and all the necessary associated supporting structure.

REQUIREMENTS OF A GOOD FORMWORK SYSTEM

How formwork can be erected and de-shuttered fast.
How good concrete quality and surface finish can be achieved.
What is the optimum stock of formwork required for the size of work force, the specified
time schedule and flow of materials.
What is the overall cost savings that can be achieved using the right type of formwork.

 How SAFETY can be improved for the site personnel.

In order to successfully carry out its function, formwork must achieve a balance of
following requirements:

Containment

Strength

Resistance To Leakage

Accuracy

Ease Of Handling

Finish And Reuse Potential

Access For Concerted

Economy

Containment: formwork must be capable of shaping and supporting the fluid concrete
until it cures.
Strength: formwork must be capable of safely withstanding without distortion or danger
the dead weight of the fluid concrete is placed on it, labour weight, equipment weight and
any environmental loadings.
Resistance to leakage: all joints in form work must be either close fitting of covered with
form tape to make them grout tight. If grout leakage occurs the concrete Will leak at that
point. Leakages cause honeycombing of the surface.
Accuracy: formwork must be accurately set out so that the resulting concrete product is in
a right place and is of correct shape and dimensions.
Ease of handling: form panels and units should be designed so that their maximum size
does not exceed that which can be easily handled by hand or mechanical means. In
addition all formwork must also be designed and constructed to include facilities for
adjustments, leveling, easing and striking without damage to the form work or concrete.

Finish and reuse potential: the form face material must be selected to be capable of
consistently imparting the desired concrete finish (smooth, textured, featured or exposed
aggregate etc.) At the same time it should also achieve the required number of reuse.
Access for concrete: any formwork arrangement must be provide access for placing of
the concrete. The extent of this provision will be dependent on the ease of carrying out
the concrete operations.
Economy: all the formwork is very expensive. On average about 35% of the total cost of
any finished concrete unit or element can be attributed to its formwork; of this just over
40% can be taken for material for formwork and 60% for labour. The formwork designer
must therefore not only consider the maximum number of times that any form can be
reused, but also produce a design that will minimize the time taken for erection and
striking.

FORMWORK BASED ON MATERIALS

MATERIALS FOR FORMWORK
Formwork can be made out of a large variety of materials.

The material most commonly being used to date is timber. However, due
to the depleting forest reserves and increasing cost of timber the use of
alternate materials such as plywood and steel has become prominent.

More recently, materials such as plastics and fiberglass are also being
used for pre-fabricating formwork.

The type of material to be used depends on the nature of construction as

well as availability and cost of material.

The constraints on the project such as overall cost, time of completion

also play a major role in the use of a particular material for formwork.

TIMBER FORMS
Timber is required for practically all jobs of formwork. The timber bring used for
formwork must satisfy the following requirements:

I.

It should be durable and treatable

II.

It should have sufficient strength characteristics

III.

It should be light weight and well seasoned without warping,

IV.

It should hold nails well.

Advantages of using timber forms:

I.

It is economical for small construction jobs

II.

It is design flexible and easy to erect

III.

It has good thermal insulation which makes it useful to be used in colder

Regions

Iv.

It can easily be made into any shape or size

Plywood forms (in combination with timber)

Concrete shuttering plywood is bwp grade plywood, preservative treated and

specially suited for use in concrete shuttering and formwork.

The plywood is built up of odd number of layers with grain of adjacent layers
perpendicular to each other.

Plywood is used extensively for formwork for concrete, especially for sheathing,
decking and form linings.

There are two types of plywood - internal and exterior.

The interior type is bonded with water resistant glue and exterior type is bonded
with water proof glue.

Hardboard forms

Hardboard is a board material manufactured of wood fiber, which is then

refined or partly refined to form a panel having a density range of
approximately 50 to 80 pounds per cubic foot.

Hardboards are standard / non-tempered or tempered.

The tempered one being used for formwork. Tempered hardboard is solid
or perforated hardboard panels impregnated with resin under high pressure
to make them stronger and more resistant to moisture and abrasion.

The boards available in large sheets have a hard, smooth surface that
produces a concrete whose surface is relatively free of blemishes and joint
marks.

The thin sheets can be bent to small radii, which is an advantage when
casting concrete members with curved surfaces.

ALUMINIUM FORMS

Forms made from aluminum are in many respects similar to those made
of steel.

However, because of their lower density, aluminum forms are lighter than
steel forms, and this is their primary advantage when compared to steel.

As the strength of aluminum in handling, tension and compression is less

than the strength of steel, it is necessary to use large sections.

The formwork turns out to be economical if large numbers of reuses are

made in construction.

The major disadvantage of aluminum forms is that no changes can be

made once the formwork is fabricated.

PLASTICS
These forms have become increasingly popular for casting unique shapes and patterns
being designed in concrete because of the excellent finish obtained requiring minimum or
no surface treatment and repairs.
Different types of plastic forms are available like glass reinforced plastic, fiber
reinforced plastic and thermoplastics etc.
Fiberglass-reinforced plastic is the most common and has several advantages such as

I.
II.
III.

The material allows greater freedom of design

Unusual textures and designs can be molded into the form
It allows the contractor to pour structural

and finished concrete

Simultaneously
IV.

Because sections can be joined on the job site in such a way so as to eliminate
joints, there is no size limitation

If carefully handled, a number of reuses are possible making it highly

Economical
Vi.

It is lightweight and easily stripped

The disadvantage of using plastic forms is that it does not lend itself to field

fabrication Hence, the design and planning of this form must be carefully carried out.
Also care must take not to damage the plastic by the heat applied for accelerated curing
of the concrete. Trough and waffle units in fiberglass are used in construction of large
floor areas and multistoried office buildings.

STEEL FORMWORK:
Mostly used in large construction projects or in situations where large number of
re-uses of the same shuttering is possible. Suitable for circular or curved shaped
structures such as tanks, columns, chimneys. Etc. & for structures like sewer tunnel and
retaining wall.
Advantages of steel formwork over timber form:
I.
II.

strong, durable & have longer life

Reuses can be assumed to vary from 100 to 120 wares timber varies from
10 to 12.

III.

Steel can be installed & dismantled with greater ease & speed resulting in
saving in labour cost.

IV.

Excellent quality of exposed concrete surface obtained. Thus saving in the

cost of finishing

the conc. surface.

V.

no danger of formwork absorbing water from the conc. & hence

minimizing honeycombing

CONSTRUCTION OF FORMWORK:

propping and centering

shuttering

provision of camber

cleaning & surface treatment

Propping and centering:
The props used for centering may be of steel, timber post or ballies.pillars
made up of brick masonry in mud mortar are also sometimes used as props.
Shuttering:
can be made up of timber planks or it may be in the form of panel unit
made either by fixing ply wood to timber frames or by welding steel plates to angle
framing.
Provision of camber
Certain amount of deflection in structure is unavoidable. It is therefore
desirable to give an upward camber in the horizontal member of conc. Structure to
counteract the effect of deflection.
Surface treatment

Before laying conc. The formwork should be cleaned of all rubbish

particularly the sawdust savings & chippings etc.

Before laying conc. the face of formwork in contact with conc. shall be
cleaned & treated with release agent like raw linseed oil or soft soap
solution as to prevent the conc. getting struck to the formwork.

Order and method of removing formwork:

Shuttering forming vertical faces of walls, beams & column sides should
be removed first. Shuttering forming sofit to slab should be removed next.

Shuttering forming soffit to beams, girders or other heavily loaded

member should be removed in the end.

DURATION TAKEN FOR REMOVAL OF FORMWORK

1

WALLS COLUMNS & VERTICAL SIDES

OF BEAMS

1-2 DAY

SLABS

3 DAYS

BEAM SOFFIT

7 DAYS

REMOVAL OF PROPS TO SLABS

A) SLAB SPANNINIG UPTO 4.5M

7 DAYS

B) SLAB SPANNINIG OVER 4.5M

14 DAYS

REMOVAL OF PROPS TO BEAMS

AND ARCHES
A) SPANNING UPTO 6 MTS

14 DAYS

B) SPANNING OVER 6 MTS

21 DAYS

TYPES OF FORMWORK
There are different types of formwork available for different purposes.
Generally, the formworks for vertical concreting are called wall forms and those for
horizontal concreting are called slab or floor forms. The various types of formwork
available today in the market are discussed in detail.

TRADITIONAL FORMWORK

This usually consists of standard framed panels tied together over their
backs with horizontal members called waling.

The waling is provided with the basic function of resisting the horizontal
force of wet concrete.

One side of the wall formwork is first assembled ensuring that it is

correctly aligned, plumbed and strutted.

The steel reinforcement cage is then placed and positioned before the
other side of the formwork is erected and fixed.

Plywood sheet in combination with timber is the most common material

used for wall formwork.

The usual method is to make up wall forms as framed panels with the
plywood facing sheet screwed on to studs on a timber frame. This allows
for the plywood to be easily removed and reversed and used on both sides
so as to increase the number of reuses.

The wall forms are susceptible to edge and corner damage and must be
carefully handled.

Special attention must be given to comers and attached piers since the
increased pressures applied by wet concrete could cause the abutments to
open up, giving rise to unacceptable grout escape and a poor finish to the
cast wall.

CLIMBING FORMWORK

Method of casting walls consists of a climbing formwork, the climbing of

which may be manual or crane assisted.

It employs a common set of forms used in a repetitive manner for casting

walls in set vertical lifts.

After each casting the forms are removed and raised to form the next lift
until the required height has been reached.

These forms are widely used in the construction of industrial chimneys,

silos, high rise towers & building cores, bridge piers & pylons, airport
control towers, telecommunication, towers etc.

The climbing form has many advantages such as the following

Staged construction process allows balance of site resources.

Anchor accessories can be reused after each pour, reducing material costs
on current and future construction programs.

In case of trolley mounted formwork, the panel retracts from the face,
providing space for cleaning and fixing of concrete.

Formwork & access platforms lifted as one, minimizing crane support,

reducing labour and material costs.

fine adjustments of the form face can be made during construction,

providing accurate alignment of the form face vertically & laterally.

SLIDING FORMWORK OR SLIPFORMING

slip form means a continuously moving form, moving with such a speed
that concrete when exposed has already achieved enough strength to
support the vertical pressure from concrete still in the form as well as to
withstand lateral pressure caused by wind etc.

Thus, the slip form concreting technique is a rapid and economical

construction method that can be applied with great advantage to many
types of construction projects such as chimneys, silos, water towers,
bridge-columns, lift shaft cores and shaft lining etc.

The technique is based on movable forms which are gradually lifted by

hydraulic jacks.

It is a continuous process where wet concrete is added to wet concrete.

Reinforcing steel and/or post tensioned cables are continuously fixed as
the normal slipping speed is 3 to 6 meters per 24 hours. The slip form
construction is designed for each project depending on the structure of the
project. The advantages of slip forming are

Minimum consumption of timber and steel plates.

Total elimination of traditional scaffolding

Minimum requirements of carpenters for assembling.

It gives a monolithic structure.

The concrete surfaces can be treated and finished while concrete is green,

Depending on the weather conditions, it is possible to achieve a vertical

rise to the tune of 4 to 5 m in summer and 2 to 3 m in winter.

The procedure of continuous slipping is applied to making both inner and

outer walls as well as columns of a building.

Form climbs.

PERMANENT FORMWORK

Permanent form or stay-in-place formwork is one in which the form is left

as an integral part of the structure.

Permanent formwork can also be utilized as the facing materials of in situ

reinforced concrete. They can be of two typesparticipating and nonparticipating.

The material used for these forms must be durable and of sufficient
strength. Commonly used materials include polyvinyl chloride (pvc),
galvanized coiled sheet steel, fabricated steel, carbon/epoxy thin shell.

The high initial cost of design and installation, lack of familiarity for
installation and maintenance and more specified form design are some of
the barriers to the use of this form.

However, there are various advantages like low cost of transportation

and installation, precise form design, maximum flexibility, greater
durability with reduced long term maintenance and versatility.

SPECIAL FORMS

These are those forms that are specially designed and manufactured for a
particular kind of construction. The need for a special formwork may arise due to several
factors such as

when the contract demands the highest class of dimensional tolerance to be followed

Where the form work shape required becomes uneconomical or impracticable for site
fabrication

Where the formwork is required to be self-contained i.e. self propelled,

Where rate of concreting, admixtures or types of concrete are such that concrete pressure
developed within forms and stresses in the forms demand special attention where a
substantial number of re-uses is envisaged

TABLE FORM

This is a special formwork designed for use in casting large repetitive

floor slabs in medium to high-rise structures.

The main objective of reducing the time required re-erecting, striking and
re-erecting slab formwork.

A system which can be put as an entire unit, removed, hoisted and

repositioned without any dismantling.

GANGED PANEL FORM

The increasing pace in the construction of multi-storey and massive

concrete structures, and the parallel progress in development of cranes and
other mechanical methods of transporting forms have made the use of
ganged prefabricated forms for the concreting of large sections of high
walls very common.

Ranging up to 30x50 ft, their size is limited only by the mechanics of

handling. Large panels can be assembled flat on the ground where it is
easier to work. Delay and lost motion are avoided in stripping because the
gang forms are stripped as a unit.

TUNNEL FORM
The tunnel formwork is a room sized structural steel fabricated form which is
used to cast the rcc walls and floor slabs of a building as a monolithic structure in a
continuous pour. The forms are then heated using hot air blowers for accelerated curing
of the concrete. This system is most economical when the structure consists of large
number of identical units. There exist two versions of this type of formwork. They are:
A.

The half tunnel formwork used to cast only one wall and slab simultaneously

B.

The full tunnel formwork used to cast two walls and a slab simultaneously
The sequence of construction involves placing of reinforcement, electrical and

sanitary conduits along with the tunnel forms. Concrete is then poured and the open side
of the forms is covered and hot air blowers placed inside. The forms are removed the next
day and placed on the next site using cranes. The optimum use of tunnel form is in
multiunit shear wall structure with identical floor layout at each level.

DOKA FormWork System.

I. Doka System Components

The various basic components that make up the various DOKA system are as
follows:
1. Doka formwork beams
2. Doka formwork sheets
3. Dokadur panels
4. Doka floor props
5. Form ties and suspension cones
6. Multi-trip packaging

1. Doka formwork beams

The core of the system lies in the usage of an Engineered timber component, the
H-Beam.
The H-beams are manufactured in a modern automated plant at Pondicherry under strict
quality control the flanges are made of seasoned chemically treated timber. The web is
made of boiling water proof ply wood and joined with the flange by the unique finger
jointing method. The H-beams thus manufactured are light, dimensionally stable and
retains its structural properties over a period of time even after repeated usage. It is more
predictable, easy to design and use, The number of reuses of H-Beams is more than 100
times (8 times that of conventional timber) and it consumes only 40% of timber volume
required.

The H-beams are available in two size namely in H-16 - 16 cms depth & H-20 - 20 cms
depth, length varying between 1m to 6m.

Salient Feature

Reduction in consumption of timber.

Making work at site minimized.

No. of reuses more than 8 times that of conventional timber.

Dimensionally stable, uniform in size and consistent in strength.

Cost ratio per use H-16 beam : conventional timber = 1:3.5

Economical and long - lasting.

Light weight 6kgs per RMT.

Max. Shear Force

Max. Bending

EI

Moment
11 KN

4 KN/M

170 x 106 KG.CM2

Doka beam H20

Innovative end reinforcement .

For less damage to the ends of the beams

For outstanding durability

Outstanding production level.

Ensures uniformly high quality and load-bearing strength for safe and dependable
usage

Is the basis for the reliability of the Doka beam formwork and Dokaflex floor
formwork

From mechanical strenght grading

Practical marks for all standard lengths.

As a grid for easy installation and checking of the Dokaflex 1-2-4 system

Doka beam H20 eco

Ends of beams bevelled for more strength but has no end reinforcement.

2. Doka formwork sheets

Doka has an extensive range of formwork sheets for the most varied areas of application.
All sheets are made of glue-bonded layered wood and are extremely strong and
dimensionally stable.

Formwork sheet 3-S Plus

Three-ply concrete-formwork sheet, made of European spruce (picea abies), designed
specially for building. Produces a uniform concrete surface.

Surface: Synthetic melamine resin glue with PU sealant and light corundum sanding on
one side
Bonding: Boilproof and weatherproof
Edges:

Impregnating

emulsion,

Doka yellow
Thicknesses: 21 and 27 mm
Formwork sheet 3-SO
Three-ply concrete-formwork sheet, made of European spruce. Produces a uniform
concrete surface.
Surface: Synthetic melamine resin glue
Bonding: Boilproof and weatherproof
Edges: Impregnating emulsion,
Doka yellow
Thicknesses: 21 and 27 mm

Dokaplex Multi-ply sheets

High-grade multi-ply sheet made of Finnish birch hardwood for use again and again.
Produces a high-quality, smooth concrete surface.

Surface: Phenol-resin coating, 120 g/m

Bonding: Boilproof and weatherproof phenol-resin glue (BFU 100) to DIN

68705-T3

Edges: Dispersion

Thickness: 21 mm

3. Dokadur panels
Dokadur panels are the state of the art for floor-slab panels. All-round edge and surface
sealing dependably protects the panel against the wear and tear of everyday construction
work.
Maximised number of reuses and best-quality concrete surfaces.

From special surface sealing by means of PUR varnish and melamine resin
coating with precision-metered corundum sanding

For improved safety at work, because risk of slipping is reduced

From significantly reduced moisture absorption for much-reduced discolouration,

structuring and cracking

Big savings on costs

From easy cleaning of the surfaces, ready for the next use

From all-round edge protection made of high-grade PU

For exact edges with minimal cleaning

For low costs on account of easy and fast reconditioning of the edge

4. Doka Floor Props.

Doka floor props are the right choice for every application. High load-bearing strength
plus many practical details that help to make handling easier.

The props are available in various sizes viz. CT-250,CT-300,CT-340 & CT-410.
The number indicates the extended length of props in cms.

Carrying capacity is rated from 20 kN to 30 kN.

The tripods make the props self standing for easier and faster erection of the
shuttering system. The adjustments in height are obtained by operating the prop
nut. The required dimension in plan is obtained by side-lapping of the H-Beams in
the primary or secondary layer.

A very accurate and convenient shutter is ready for tying of reinforcement and
concreting.

The system also facilitates re-propping. By adopting the method of repropping it

is possible to reduce the total quantity of formwork materials significantly. The
system is very well adapted for use alongwith the L&T-Doka Beam Forming
Supporting system.

5. Form ties and suspension cones

Doka has a complete range of tried-and-tested formtie solutions and dependable
suspension points for wall formwork, single-sided formwork and climbing formwork in
uncompromising quality for maximum safety.

Doka tie rods and anchor accessories

Provide safety through superb manufacturing quality
Reduce labour costs for installing ties, because a hammer is all that is needed for easy
installation
Are durable, robust and unaffected by dirt

Robustly dimensioned universal climbing cones

 ensure firm connections between structure and formwork

for safety on high structures
for all kinds of climbing formwork

Safe suspension solutions for working and protection platforms

With different attachments to suit the application
Ideally matched to the carrying capacity of Doka working and protection platforms
Easy to install and reusable.

6. Multi-trip packaging
Multi-trip packaging such as containers, stacking pallets and skeleton transport boxes
keep everything in place on the site, minimise time wasted searching for parts, and
streamline the storage and transport of system components, small items and accessories.
Savings on material overheads and labour costs.

Through faster loading and unloading of system components, small items and
accessories

Through easy relocation to the next point where the parts are needed

Through safe storage in stacks, particularly when space is at a premium

Stacking pallets 150 and 120 simplify the storage and transport of floor props, removable
folding tripods, formwork beams and Dokadur panels. The clamp-on wheels make the
stacking pallets mobile, so they can easily be steered through standard door-size openings
in residential accommodation projects.

II. DOKA Floor System

No matter what the room height, the shape of the layout or the slab thickness, with Doka
you always have exactly co-ordinated formwork in one single consistent system,
comprising a conveniently small number of easy to manage system components.

Dokaflex 1-2-4
Dokaflex 1-2-4 is the fast, versatile floor formwork for floorplans of any shape,
for beams, slab overhangs and semifinished floor elements and the ready reckoner is
ideal for calculating the quantities of materials, so there's no need for formwork planning.
The free choice of formwork sheets leaves nothing to be desired when it comes to the
finished structure of the fair-face concrete.

The L&T-Doka Fex system is suitable for RC-floors upto 4.40 m high.

The plywood sheathing is supported by a layer of secondary H-Beams at the

designed spacing. The primary layer of H-Beams are supported with necessary
accessories over the collapsible telescopic props fitted with tripods to ensure
lateral stability.

Defined positioning grid with full flexibility in floorplan geometry

For quick erection of the formwork, because the positioning points are clear

Enables rapid adaptation to walls and columns by simply telescoping the

transverse and longitudinal beams

Speedy progress and simple logistics

Because there is only a small number of matched individual components

With high-grade Eurex floor props with consecutively numbered pegging holes
and low release forces

With high-grade Eurex floor props with consecutively numbered pegging holes
and low release forces

Because the ready reckoner makes it easy to calculate the quantities needed

Because dispensing with planning and preparatory operations cuts costs by a

significant margin

Because the maximum pitches for longitudinal and transverse beams and props
are marked on the beams - for floor-slab thicknesses up to 30 cm

Safety and economy

From durable and robust individual components

Because the panels can be rented

With high-grade polyurethane surround for first-class concrete surfaces and

reduced investment costs

With non-slip surfaces for significantly enhanced safety at work

With high-grade Eurex floor props with consecutively numbered pegging holes
and low release forces

With the new, much-improved longitudinal and transverse beams for significantly
reduced post-use costs

Every requirement for fair-faced concrete fulfilled

By free choice of formwork sheets

By the sealed surface of the rentable panels

Dokamatic table

The innovative design of the Dokamatic table makes for even faster formwork handling
whenever large floor slabs have to be cast. Standard functional components can be
installed for straightforward, speedy adaptation to changing requirements on the
construction site.
Fast repositioning reduces labour costs

Because fully assembled units are manoeuvred quickly into place - no laborious
carrying of individual components from one location to the next

Because practical shifting devices makes for virtually fatigue-free operations

Because easier to handle and safer than hand-operated formwork, particularly as

room heights increase

The Dokamatic table helps save on labour and on crane time: One man using the shifting
trolley with attachable drive unit can move the tables to the next casting location on the
same level. The system is optimised for minimal forming times on large-area projects and
deals easily with varying requirements in terms of statics and geometry.

Dokamatic table sizes

Comes in 4 rentable standard sizes with grid logic: 4.0 x 2.0 m, 4.0 x 2.5 m, 5.0 x
2.0 m and 5.0 x 2.5 m

Special sizes for special applications can be supplied at any time

Made up of high-grade system components such as the sturdy Dokamatic table

waling 12 and Doka beams H20 top for outstanding durability and minimum postuse costs

Fully assembled Dokamatic tables delivered to your site right on time

Load-bearing tower Staxo

Staxo is a high-strength load-bearing tower made of robust steel frames for high shoring
and heavy loads. Integrated connectors for rapid assembly. This modern load-bearing

tower system comprises only a few individual parts and is extremely versatile. A
comprehensive range of safety accessories completes the system.

Highly stable and highly versatile

With 1.52 m wide frame with non-buckling vertical sections
With 50 cm grid for setting the frame spacing
With the tower unit's large footprint
Because horizontal loads are safely dissipated
Load-bearing capacity up to 70 kN/leg

Speedy assembly, even when the towers are high

Because there are only a few individual parts, they are light and easy to handle
Because the vertical adapters for the next lift are integrated, without loose parts or add-ons
With drop-in assembly battens and integrated climbing rungs

Less crane time needed

Because the towers can be pre-assembled on the flat, then hoisted into position
With shifting carriages for horizontal repositioning

Staxo frame

Extremely strong, galvanised steel frame for straightforward height adjustment in

a 30 cm grid; choice of three heights 0.90, 1.20 and 1.80 m

Frame spacing with diagonal crosses from 1.00 to 2.50 m adjustable in 50 cm grid

Reliably withstands horizontal forces such as wind loads

Integrated next-lift frame adapters for ergonomic handling even high above the
ground - no tools required

Integrated climbing rungs and drop-in assembly battens support safe assembly
and disassembly

Diagonal cross

Timesaving integration of horizontal and diagonal braces in a single component

Different lengths for variable frame spacing

Colour clips and stamping for clear marking of the lengths

Safe assembly with captive gravity catches

Setting the next lift is always quick and safe: no time is lost looking for parts, because the
locking springs (1),
(3) and connecting sleeves (2) are captive, integrated into the frames.
No additional parts or loose parts, so even high above the ground handling is still
straightforward.

Height adjustment
Height adjustment accurate to the millimetre, even under load. By means of screw-jack
U-spindle at the top, screw-jack foot or heavy-duty screw jack at the bottom. The heavyduty screw jack 130 has an extension height of 130 cm and is available for jobs requiring
maximum versatility.

Beam forming support system

The L&T-Doka Beam Forming Support system is suitable for RC-Beams of depth
between 30 cm to 120 cm.
Beam bottom
The plywood sheathing is supported by a layer of secondary H-20 Beams at the designed
spacing to form the beam bottom. The primary H-Beams in turn support the secondary
layer.

Beam sides
The plywood sheathing is supported by H-Beams at the designed spacing running along
the length of the RC-beam to form the beam sides. The H-beams are supported by the
beam forming support which are clamped onto the H-20 beams provided for the Beam
bottom. The beam forming support ensures the right angle between the beam bottom and
sides. The BFS extn. provides the necessary adjustment in depth.

The beam forming support with extension are available in three sizes viz.BFS with
extn.600mm long, 900mm long & 1200mm long.

III. Wall Formwork System

The L&T-Doka Wall formwork system is suitable for casting of RC-Walls including
water tight structures.

The plywood sheathing is supported by H-Beams which are in turn supported by the steel
walers. The wall formwork facilitates fixing of working platforms for access, checking of
reinforcement, concreting etc., the panels also have provision for fixing for alignment
system which ensure verticality. The pressure due to concrete are sustained by High
strength tie system.
The walers are available in sizes of 0.8m, 1.2m, 1.6m, 1.8m, 2m & 2.4m the inside
corners are formed by universal inside corner and the outside by universal outside
fixing or angle plates. The high strength tie system can be through tie system or lost

anchor system depending on the structure. The H-Beams can be butt jointed to form
larger size of panels.

The formwork panel along with the working platform and alignment systems can be
lifted as a single unit using a crane thus the labour involved in each operation of erection
and deshuttering is reduced to a minimum. The panels are formed in the carpentry
workshop at site and the number of operations/assembly of components at each location
is minimal and hence accuracy is maintained. Since large panels are handled as a single
unit, the damage/loss of small components is eliminated contributing to very high
material productivity. In the absence of a crane the panels can be dismantled and handled
separately. The wall formwork system can handle very large pressures generated due to
pumping of concrete.

The planners place the Doka formwork beams H 20 (1) and the bracing, which consists of
steel waling (2) to suit the anticipated load. The sheeting (3) is freely selectable your
choice of smooth fair-faced concrete, wood-textured surface, and so on.

Doka framed formwork Frameco

The Frameco formwork system

Forms wall heights up to 3.00 m without stacking

Has sturdy, galvanised steel frames to produce smooth concrete surfaces

Permissible fresh-concrete pressure 70 kN/m

Only 2 anchors up to a height of 3.00 m

Means fewer anchors have to be set, so forming work is faster

Reduces labour costs for post-casting work on the anchorage holes

End-to-end 15 cm grid with only 5 panel widths

Simplifies planning, forming and logistics on the construction site

Reduces the number of cost-intensive closures

Means matching panel formats for best possible utilisation of formwork

Reduces quantities in stock and costs for rental, because of effortless adaptation to
any floor plan

Makes for compact lifting units for fast positioning and short crane times

IV. Column Formwork System

The L&T-Doka Column formwork system is suitable for casting of columns of

minimum 15cm * 15cm .

In the Column formwork system the H-Beams along with steel walers and accessories
makeup the assembly. The Column formwork facilitates fixing of working platforms for
access, checking of reinforcement, concreting etc., The formwork panel along with the
working platform and alignment systems can be lifted as a single unit using a crane thus
the labour involved in each operation of erection and deshuttering is reduced to a
minimum. The panels are formed in the carpentry workshop at site and the number of
operations/assembly of components at each location is minimal and hence accuracy is
maintained. Since large panels are handled as a single unit, the damage/loss of small
components is eliminated contributing to very high material productivity. In the absence
of a crane the panels can be dismantled and handled separately. The column formwork
system can handle very large pressures generated due to pumping of concrete.

Any column size, straight from the modular system ...

For speedy forming of any column cross-section with standard parts

For optimum adaptation to any special geometry up to 5 m in diameter

For column cross-sections up to 120 x 120 cm with only one splice plate

For first-class concrete surfaces with any sheeting

Permissible fresh-concrete pressure 90 kN/m

Some of the possible cross-sections of column

V. Climbing Formwork System

The L&T-Doka Climbing System are used for tall structures like cooling towers, etc
where it is very uneconomical to provide staging or scaffolding for supporting the
external or internal wall formwork.

In this system a bracket is hooked on to anchors called lost anchors provided in the
already cast wall and supports/alignments are taken from these brackets. The brackets are
suitably braced to prevent any sway and are provided with walkways/working platforms /
handrails etc for safety and ease of working.

Varying degrees of sophistication are available in the

Climbing formwork systems, a few of which are as listed.

CB - 150 A - Simple Climbing, Crane handled - platform width 1.50 m. The brackets &
wall formwork are to be handled separately.

CB - 150 F- Traveling Climbing, Crane handled - platform width 1.50 m. roll back
arrangement for deshuttering & cleaning of shutters. The wall formwork and climbing
bracket are lifted as one unit.

Automatic climbing formwork, the wall formwork along with the climbing brackets slide
along the wall using motors, thus eliminating the need for crane. This system is very
often used for natural draught cooling towers.
MF - 240 - Simple Climbing, Crane handled - platform width 2.40 m. these brackets can
also be fitted with automatic climbers SKE-50 which is a hydraulic system with 5T
carrying capacity or SKE-100 with 10T carrying capacity.
The MF 240 system

* Travelling unit MF (1):

Platform is 2.40 m wide for safe and convenient manipulation of the formwork. 75
cm retraction for easy cleaning of the formwork and for working on the reinforcement.

* Climbing bracket MF (2):

Combines with beam and frame formwork, high load-bearing capacity (50 kN per
climbing bracket), angle of inclination 15 from vertical.
* Working brackets (2):
Modular principle for versatility: these brackets can be used as pouring, intermediate
and suspension brackets.

The SKE system

The modular system for automatic climbing

* Free positioning of brackets and automatic climbers as single-section climbing

scaffold
* Lift heights up to 5.50 m
* Formwork systems:
wall formwork FF 20 and large-area formwork Top 50
framed formwork Framax and Alu-Framax
* Climbing speed 5 min/m

SKE 50

* Load-carrying capacity 5 metric tons per bracket

* Ideal solution for a huge number of climbing tasks
* Up to 40 automatic climbers per hydraulic unit

SKE 100

* Load-carrying capacity 10 metric tons per bracket

* Platform system for simultaneous work at different levels
* Extremely strong brackets permit wide, variable spacing