Professional Documents
Culture Documents
18-FMT
FORENSIC MEDICINE
term-meaning
atria mortis/gateway of death/mode of death-coma, syncope, asphyxia
borrow servant doctrine-new employer responsible for borrowed employee
boxer/pugilistic attitude/defence/fencing posture-burn
cardiac polyp-PM brinous clot
commoriant-dying together
corpus delicti/essence of crime-body of offence
curator bonis-person to manage affairs of mentally ill
Diminished responsibility-borDerline mental disorder
dipsomania-impulse to drink alcohol
Ewing postulate-accident are cause of death
licide-parent killing own child
gossypiboma(textiloma or cottonoid)-foreign object(cotton matrix, sponge)
injury-illegal harm to property, body, reputation
lafacies sympathique-antemortem compression of cx sympath chain-i/l pupil
dilatation, eye open
Locard principle-person come in contact with other
loco parentis-emergence-consent taken fr person in charge of child
lucid intErval-state of consciousn b/n 2episode unconsciousn in Epidural hematoma,
insanity
Manchausen synd by proxy-child abuse by mother, bringing child rptedly to hosp
molotov cocktail-petrol bomb
mutilomania-impulse of maiming animal
novus actus interveniens-person responsible for logical conseq of his action-assault,
accident inj
paternalism-abuse of medical knowledge that pt is deprive of autonomy
pharmacoDynamic-Drug Does to body
pharmacokinetic-body does to drug
posthumous child-child born after death of father
privileged communication-Dr& concerned authority
pseudocyesis/spurious/phantom preg-false preg
Rachiotomy Saw-Remove Spinal cord
res ipsa loquitor-things speak for itself
res judicata/doctrine of jeopardy-let the decision rest
superfecundation-fertilization of 2ova same MC bt 2diff act of coitus
superfetation-fertilization of 2ova of diff MC
hypo/hyperpigmented
flat/raise
latent tattoo mark visualisation
UV light, infrared photography, rubbing part& examine under magnifying glass,
3%H2O2, 0.5%caustic potash, HPE local LN
blacken&tattoo skin, cloth-infrared photography
race
cephalic index=(max breadth/max lth)100(DMB)
Dolicocephalic=70-74.9(Caucasian, Negro, Arborigene)
Mesaticephalic=75-79.9(Indian, Chinese, European)
Brachycephalic80(Mongol)
scapecephaly-AP diam>transv diam
orbit, nasal opening, palate
square-Indian(Aryan), Negro, Arborigene
triangul-Chinese, European
round-Mongol
hair
fragment medullary-negro
sex
corporobasal index
chilotic line-hip bone
ischiopubic index-mal<fem
of accuracy fr long bone=80%
obturator foramen-mal-triang, fem-round
iliopectineal line-mal-rough,less vert, fem-smooth,round,more vert
Bertillon system identication/anthropometry
stature
crural index=(lth tibia/lth femur)100
brachial index=lth(rad/humer)100
humerofem index=lth(humer/fem)100
intermembral index=lth(rad+humer/tib+fem)100
ht=2arm lth+30cm(2clavicle)+4cm(sternum)
ht=5humerus lth
ht=2lth fr vertex pubic symphysis
ht=3.3lth fr sternal notch pubic symphysis
ht=8lth fr vertex top chin
ht=0.33lth vert column+3cm
lth of soft part added to skeletal ht=2.5cm
bone-% of ht
humerus=20
tibia=22
femur=27
spine=35
Hepburn osteometric board-lth long bone
dentition
Stack method-infant-wt/ht of tooth
Boyde incremental line method-child
Mile meth-transparency root
eruption of teeth
Gustafson method(>21y)(TRAPCD)
Transparency of root(best)
Resorption root(least)
Attrition
Paradentosis
Cementum apposition
sec Dentine(2nd best)
dental numbering
FDI 2digit syst
anat&diagrammatic charting
palmar notation
postmortem luminescence
Armillaria, Photobacterium scherii
suspended animation/apparent death-drowning, shock, electrocution, cholera,
anesth, cerebral concussion, insanity, sun stroke, narcotic poisoni, neonat,
yogi(voluntary)
event after death-time after death
rigor mortis set=1-2h
IOP nill=2h
hypostasis mottled=3h
taches noir=3-4h
maggot in rainy day=6h
full developm rigor mortis=12h
washerwoman hand, rt ilac discolorat=12-18h
drown body float=24h(summer), 2-3d(winter)
intern organ cool=24h
whole body discolourat, marbling, bloating body, app stom content&froth on
nose&mouth, degloving&destocking, app of putrefact blister, emptying of
heart=24-48h
maggot appear=48h
gas rigidity, hair become loose=72h
nail&teeth become loose=3-5d
colliquative liquefaction, Spalding sign=1w
adipocere formation=3w
skeletonisation dead body=1-3mth
saponication drowning=5w
nuclear feature persist=2-3y
bone begin to decompose=3-10y
precipitin test +ve opium poisoni=10y
benzidine test +ve=150y
starvation
hunger contraction stom(hunger pang)-12-24h
feeling of intense hunger last=36-48h
emaciat&loss of fat begin>4-5d
survive without food&H2O
neonat=7-10d
adult=10-12d
survive without food=6-8w(50-60d)
adipocere/saponication-hot,humid,absence air, gradual hydrolysis&hydrogenation
of body fat(Cl perfringens)
mummication-hot,dry, c/c As poisoni, antimony poisoni
Casper dictum-rate of decomposition
air:H2O:remove fr H2O:soil=1::2:
post mortem lividity/livor mortis/PM staining/cadaveric lividity/cadaveric
staining/hypostasis/vibices/suggilation/darkening of death
condition-colour
aniline-deep blue
BuRn, cold-BRight Red
CO-bright Cherry red
CN-pink(brick red)
hge, anem-pale purple
H2S-greeniSH blue
opium-black
P-dark brown
KCl, K2CO3, bromate, nitrobenzene, NO3-chocolate/coffee brown
flower/lightening burn
discharge direct effect high V current b/n ve cloud&+ve article on earth
superheat air
expand&displace air
sledge hammer effect&blow death
invert tree pattern not correspond to bld vess
Balistic
bore
depRession-gRoove
eLevation-Land
dist b/n 2Groove-Gauge
dist b/n 2Land-caLibre(internal measure of rifled weapon)
projectile
shotgun-cartridge-detonator cap primer gunpowder wad pellet cardboard
disc
rifle[stability,2-20(6)]-bullet-detonator cap primer gunpowder bullet
Entry wound(SBTC)
Singeing(flame)-SG(15cm), rifle(8cm)
Blackening(smoke)(30cm)
Tattooing(unburnt particle of gunpowder)-(60-90cm)
Cherry red colour-CO
rifled-bullet, grease collar, abrasion collar
shotgun
contact-cruciate, cruciform, stellate(backspatter)
close(point blank<30cm)-oval
near(<1m)-rathole
>2m-satellite
>4m-individual pellet
gunpowder
black-KNO3(75%)+C(15%)+S(10%), 3000-4000ml/g,
fg/ffg/fffg(better)-f-ne,g-granule, cavitation=K(v)
smokeless-singlebase-nitrocellulose (NC), doublebase-NC+nitroglycerine(NG),
triplebase-NC+NG+nitroguanidine, 12000-13000ml/g
semismokeless-80%black powder+ 20%smokeless powder(nitrocellulose)
bullet-Pbantimony, KE=mv
Dumdum-max Damage, fragments on striking
souveiner/retain-Pb poisoni
richochet-deflected
tandem-piggyback
tracer-bullet leave visible mark
frangible-nontoxic metal
smooth bore-shotgun, musket, muzzle loader
pseudovirgin-intact hymen+coitus
quode/impotence quadhoc-mal impotent with particul fem, not with other
virgin-intact hymen+no coitus
sexual offence
bestiality-coitus with lower animal
bondage-1partner-sadist, other-masochist
buccal coitus/coitus per os/sin of GomORrah-ORal sex
coprolagnia-sight,smell,taste faeces
coproLAlia/SCatologia-obSCene LAnguage
cunningulus-oral stimulat fem genital
exhibitionism-exhibit genital in public
fellatio-oral stimulat mal genital
fetichism-object of desire
frotteurism-rubbing clothed genit with other in public
gerontophilia-sodomy with passive agent adult
kLIsmaphilia-put LIquid anu colon
lesbianism/tribadism/fem homosexual love/sin of Lesbos-coitus b/n
fem(active-butch/dyke/bull dyke)& fem(passive-femme)
masochism/passive algolagnia-self pain, autoerotic/sexual asphyxia
masturbation/onanism/ipsation-stimulat own genital, perversion
narcism-watching own body
nymphomania-uncontrolled sex desire fem
paraphilia-sex with certain part of body
pederasty-sodomy with passive agent Child(Catamite)
pedophile-adult who coitus with child rptdly
platonic/statue love-loving of statue
pygmalionism-loving object made by him
pyromania-sight of re
SADism/algolagnia(to make SAD)-beat the partner
satyriasis/gynaecomania/satyrism/satyromani-uncontrollable sexual desire mal
sodomy/buggery-anal intercourse b/n 2mal or 1mal&fem
transvestism/eOnism(disord of sex preference)-crOss dressing
troilism-submit wife to other
undinism-watch other person urinate
uranism-sexual perversion
urolagnia-sight,smell,taste urine
voyeurism/peeping tom/scoptophilia-watching other people sex/undressed
rape
custodial-by person in authority
date-sedative drug(ketamine, robypnol, GHB)
statutory-girl<16y
hymen
rupture at 1st coitus-5,7,6'O clock position
rupture at masturbat-11-1'O clock position
rpted coitus-tag of ts(carunculae hymenales)
lost after childbiRTh-knoblike projection at periphery(carunculae myRTiformis)
Glaister Keene rod used
sudden infant death synd/cot death/crib death-sudden natural death<2y child d/t
unexplainable cause
TOXICOLOGY
PM technique
VirchOw-organ removed One by One
RokitanSky-in Situ dissection(infant)
GhOn-en blOck dissection
Letuelle-en masse dissection
head neck thorax abd
spinal cord-dissect fr back
condition-1st-last dissected
neonAt-Abd-head
head inj-thorax-head
asphyxia-head-neck
poisoni-head
infanticide-head-abd
air embolus-head-thorax
viscera preservation
routine-stom, intest, kg liver, of each kidn, spleen, 100g
brain(cerebrum/cerebellum), 10g fat fr abd, 100ml bld
digoxin-heart
Strychnine-Spinal cord, heart
alcohol-CSF, vitreous, bld, urine
inhalat anaesth agent-lung(nylon bag), mesenteric fat
morphine, Barbiturate-Bile
As-stom, bld, liver
pesticide, insecticide-fat
chloroform-vitreous
preservative
best, acid except phenol-rectif spirit
MC, phenol-sat soln NaCl
alcohol-supersat saline, NaF, K oxalate
hemodialysis
abs indication(BLAST)
Barbiturate
Li
Alcohol(methanol)
Salicylate
Theophylline
abs contraindication(BODY)
BDZ
OP comp
Digitalis
kerosene
poison-antidote
universal-activate charcoal(destructive distillation wood+passing steam, act by
adsorpt): tannic acid(ppt alkaloid): MgO(neutralise acid)=2:1:1
coma cocktail-dextrose(hypoglycemia)+ naloxone(opioid)+ vitB1(alcoh)
a/c As-dimercaprol/BAL
atropine-physostigmine
BDZ-flumazenil
benzoic acid-Gly
cocaine-amyl nitrite inhalation
heparin-protamine SO4(seash sperm- 1mgPS100U heparin)
I2-starch
a/c Fe-deferoxamine
MgSO4-Ca gluconate
mineral acid-CaO,MgO
OPC-atropine
oxalic acid-lime(Ca gluconate)
paracetamol-Nacetyl cysteine
P-CuSO4
strychnine-short act barbiturate
warfarin-vitK1
smellpoisoni
acetone, apple-lacquer
acrid pear, pungent-chloral hydrate
bitter almond-CN
BurNt rope-caNNaBis
choking-nitric oxide
shy-Zn phosphide
fruity-ethanol
garlic-As, P, thallium
kerosene-kerosene,OPC
offensive rancid, unpleasant sweetish-adipocere
rotten egg-H2S
shoe polish-nitrobenzene
SuffOcating-SO2
gas-name
Methane-Marsh
H2S+CO2+CH4-sewer
H2S+other poisonous gas=Japanese detergent suicide
war
muSTaRd gas,BAL-BLiSTeR
N2O-laughing
diphenyl amine chlor arSIne-SIckening
BromoBenzylCN(BBC), ChloroAcetoPhenone(CAP)-tear
MC-drug
psychoactive-caffeine
addictive-nicotine
substance Abuse-Alcohol
iliCit-Cannabis
ideal homicid poison-thallium
ideal suicidal poison-CN
OPC poisoni
aLkylP-HETP, OMPA, TEPP, sulfoTEPP, maLathion, dimefox, demeton, tichlorfon
aRylP-paRathion(folidol), methylparathion, chlorthion, fenthion, paraoxon,
diazinon(Tik20)
late onset polyneuropathy-after 2-4w
ARsenic poisoni
As2O3(white As), AsCl3(butter As)
fatal dose=100-200mg
arsenophagist-who survive upto-300mg
c/f-suba/c-cholera like, fading meAsles
C/c(blaCkfoot ds)-alopecia, raindRop pigm on face&neck, milk rose complexion,
nail-AldRich Mees transv line, bone-pancytop, hypertherm, subendoc hge, red velvetty
stom, asymmet periph sens neuropathy
Rx-BAL, dimercaprol
Hg poisoni,diwali poison
abrin(~viper venom)-vasculotox
suis
Spanish fly/blister beetle/cantharide
cantharidin-aphrodisiac
c/f-priapism, blister
scombroid poisoni
sh Proteus histamine
dinitrocompound
resemble thyrotoxicosis
thallium
resemble natural death
snake
COlubridae-pupil rOund
Elapidae-cobra, krait
Hydrophidae-sea snake
Viperiaedae-pupil Vertical-Viper
snake bite
kiNg cobra-Neurotox
comm krait(most poisoni)-FD=6mg(dried venom)-neurotox(bungarotoxin)-Nm
antag-sk m paralysis
russel Viper, sawscaled Viper-Vasculotox-max pain d/t max organism in oral cavity
sea snake-myotoxic
Rx-reassure wash with soap&water Sutherland wrap inj
TT ASV(1vial=1mg) neostigmine(cobrabite)
nonpoisonous-rat snake
poisonous snake
body scale large, cover whole width
viper-head scale small
cobra-3rd labial large, touch eye
fang-vIper-canalIse, cObra-grOOve
tail-compress
nocturnal
bite mark-2fang mark
dinoflagellate(inf shellsh)
saxitoxin, tetradoxin-Na ch antag
CO poisonip
parkinsonism like c/f
alcohol
alcoholDH, Microsomal Ethanol Oxidising System(MEOS-cyt450), catalase
peroxisom
alcohol NADH (pyruvate lactate, OAA malate) hypoglycem lactic
acidosis, hyperuricem, lipogenesis, TAG synth, cholesterol synth, lipid deposit in
myocard, liver
rectif spirit=95%
abs alcoh=99.5%
denature alcohol=95%alcohol+5%wood naphtha
100proof ethanol=50%ethanol
drunkometer/intoximeter/alcometer/breathalyser
Widmark formula, amount of alcoh(a)=body wt(p)const(r)conc bld alcoh(c)
r=0.085(mal), 0.055(fem)
rate of metab=15mg/100ml/h
legal limit=30mg%(60ml)
alcohol gaze nystagmus=80mg%
under influence=80-100mg%
intoxicat>140mg%
critical level=0.15%
dead drunk=0.5%
bld:urine=1:1.3
K dichromate-qualit&quant assessm alcohol in expire air
alcoholic palimpset/blackout-inability to recall what happen during drink spell
stage
excitement=50-100mg/100ml bld
incoordinat=100-300mg/100ml bld
narcosis/coma=300-500mg/100ml bl
medullary paralys>500mg/100ml bld
methanol/wood alcoh/illicit liquor-irrevers optic neuritis, FD=60-200ml
Hooch tragedy-500people blind
toxicity-methyl alcohol: formaldehyde: formic acid=1:33:60
visual hallucination seen
alcohol sz peak after withdraw-12-24h
drug use in alcoh dependence to prevent relapse-naltrexone, nalmefene, disulram,
acamprosate, ondansetron, topiramate
alcoh-pol III(RNA polymerase dep)gene
Stupefying poison
dhatura/D stramonium/thorn apple/road poison
-(N.B.-THESE NOTES ARE ONLY FOR THE PURPOSE OF GUIDANCE AND HELP
TO PG ASPIRANTS, NOT FOR COMMERCIAL OR OTHER PURPOSE. REFERENCE
HAS BEEN TAKEN FROM VARIOUS STANDARD TEXTBOOKS. FOR ANY
FEEDBACK/QUERY PLEASE CONTACT- ankit.yadavendra@facebook.com or
dr.ankityadavendra@gmail.com )