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FUNDAMENTALS
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Centrifugal
Turbine and
centrifugal
compressor
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Calculations exercises
Example 1
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Example 1
A gas turbine unit has a pressure ratio of 10:1 and a
maximum cycle temperature of 700C. The isentropic
efficiencies of the compressor and turbine are 0.82 and 0.85
respectively.
Calculate the power output of an electric alternator geared to
the gas turbine when the air enters the compressor at 15C
at a rate of 15kg/s.
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h0 = h +
Q23 = C p (T3 T2 )
P
k = 1
P2
T1 T4
=
T2 T3
T (1 k ) T2 (1 k ) (T3 T2 )(1 k )
= 3
=
= 1 k = 1 r
T3 T2
T3 T2
r=
P2
P1
t=
T3
T1
The specific work output can be calculated as a function of pressure ratio r and the non-dimensional peak temperature,
W = C p (T3 T4 ) C p (T2 T1 )
(4.5)
so
1
1
r 1
= t 1 r
C pT1
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(4.4)
where r is the pressure ratio,
(4.6)
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Calculations exercises
Example 2
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Example 2
A gas turbine takes air at 17C and 1.01bar and has a compression ratio of 8:1. The
compressor is driven by the HP turbine and the LP turbine drives a CPP via a gear
box.
The isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and turbines are respectively 0.80,
0.85 and 0.83.
Determine the pressure and temperature of the gases entering the power turbine,
the net power developed by the unit per kg/s mass flow rate, the net work ratio and
the cycle efficiency of the unit.
The maximum cycle temperature is 650C
For the compression process take Cp= 1.005 kJ/kgK and gamma=1.4
For the expansion process take Cp=1.15 kJ/kgK and gamma=1.333
Neglect the fuel mass flow rate.
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T1
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C12
V12
U
= T01
+
= T01 +
(U 2Ca1 tan 1 )
2C p 2C p
2C p
P01,rel
P01
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T01,rel
=
T01
T02,rel =T01,rel
T02 = T02,rel
V22
C2
U
+ 2 = T02,rel +
(U 2Ca 2 tan 2 )
2C p 2C p
2C p
(4.8)
T02 = T01 +
U
(U Ca1 tan 1 Ca 2 tan 2 )
Cp
P02 T02 1
=
P01 T01
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Can be re-written as
.
m 4 h 4 + Q = m 5h5
.
m 4 Cp 04 T 04 + b mf hf = m 5 Cp 05 T 05
.
m 4 Cp 04 T 04 + b f m 4 hf = (1 + f ) m 4 Cp 05 T 05
Cp 04 T 04 + b f hf = (1 + f ) Cp 05 T 05
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T05
=
T04
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1+
b f h f
C p 04T04
C p 05
(1 + f )
C p 04
Nomenclature:
T04 = Stagnation temperature at
inlet to combustor
T05 = Stagnation temperature at
outlet from the combustor
b= Adiabatic efficiency
hf= Calorific value of fuel
Cp04= Specific stagnation heat
capacity at inlet
Cp05= Specific stagnation heat
capacity at outlet
f = Fuel air ratio
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C 22
V22
U
(U 2C ax tan 2 )
= T02
+
= T02 +
2C p 2C p
2C p
P02,rel
P02
if uncooled
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T02,rel
=
T02
V32
C 32
U
(U 2C ax tan 3 )
+
= T03,rel +
2C p 2C p
2C p
T03 = T01 +
U
(U C ax tan 2 C ax tan 3 )
Cp
P03 T03 1
=
P01 T01
The turbine isentropic efficiency:
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is ,T
T02 T01
W
=
=
Wisen T02 s T01
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GT alternator pack
GT compressor pack
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GT maintenance
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