Labs

Jagandeep Bal

Experiment 2:
Observation:
Diode
Black on right
Black on left

LED
Lights up
No Light

Diode Markings
Banner to the right
Banner to the left

Discussion:
When the diode was revered, the LED wont light up. If the LED
was reversed, wouldnt work because of its long and short leg. If
the resistor was reversed, it would work. Having the diodes
banner faced to the right and not having it on at all in the circuit,
either way it wont work.
Conclusion:
If the diodes banner is to the right, then the electric current will
flow in a circuit. If the diodes banner is on the left, then the
electric current wont flow in a circuit.

Lab #3:
Observation:
Circuit
A
B
C

LED Brightness
Less Bright
Less Bright
Bright

Discussion:
In the first and record, the current is going through either one
resistor or two resistor joint together and in the third circuit the
current is being spilt between the two resistors.
Conclusion:
So basically circuit A had a less bright LED, circuit B had a less
bright LED and circuit C had a bright LED.

Lab #4a:
Observation:
Input
High
Low
Discussion:

LED
Off
On

There was no current going through because it wasnt connected

to the positive. When the input wire was connected to the 5 volt
bus, it was connected to the positive and negative the LED lights
up.
Conclusion:
In the high input, the circuit flows because it comes from positive
to negative, and in low input its only connected to the negatives.
Lab #4b:
Observation:
Input
High
Low

LED
Bright
No Light

Discussion:
When the input is connected to the positive, the current from 5
volt bus and input side, go through the transistor which is why the
LED lights up and when the input is opposite, the current from 5
volt comes and stops at the transistor.
Conclusion:
It doesnt go through the transistor for when the state of the input
is negative.

Lab #5:
Observation:
Pin Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

LED Segment on
A
F
DNC
Left Dot
E
D
Right Dot
C
G
B
DNC

Lab #6:
Observation:
Input A
High
High
Low
Low

Input B
High
Low
High
Low

Output
ON
ON
OFF
OFF

Lab #7:
Observation:
Input A
High
High
Low
Low

Input B
High
Low
High
Low

Output
ON
ON
ON
OFF

Discussion:
Input wire was connected to 5 volt so that made the LED light up.
Since all the wires werent connected to the 5 volt, the LED lights
up.

Lab #8: (Edit)

Observation:
High
Low

OFF
ON

Discussion:
So you wouldnt need two inputs in the positive. There wouldnt be
any inputs connected to the positive side.
Conclusion:
Each leg of the inverter does something.

Lab #9:
Observation:
Input A
High
High
Low
Low

Input B
High
Low
High
Low

LED
OFF
OFF
ON
ON

Discussion:
First input is always connected to the 5 volts so they dont and
then the input is changed into low so it works.

Lab #10:
Observation:
Input A

Input B

High (1)
High (1)
Low (0)
Low (0)

High (1)
Low (0)
High (1)
Low (0)

Output (LED On or
Off)
Off
Off
Off
On

Discussion:
1. The input states that are required to obtain an output at 5
volts will only be on if both inputs are on the low value,
causing the LED to be on.
2. The input states that are required to obtain an output at 0
volts is when at least one of the inputs have to be in high
value, causing the LED to be off.
3. The N stand for Not.
4. The relationship between the OR and NOR is that they are
total opposites when it comes to their inputs to obtain an
output of 5 volts.

The output of a NOR gate responds to its inputs much as the

same as an OR gate, all it does is that whatever the input may
be, the output will always try to be opposite to the input being
given.

Lab #11:
Observation:
Input A

Input B

High (1)
High (1)
Low (0)
Low (0)

High (1)
Low (0)
High (1)
Low (0)

Output (LED On or
Off)
Off
On
On
Off

Discussion:
1. The input states that are required to obtain an output at 5
volts will only have an LED on if input A and B are the
opposite of each other.
2. The input states that are required to obtain an output at 0
volts will only have the LED off if both inputs are exactly the
same as each other.

The output of the exclusive OR gate responds to its input is the

same as both the NOR and OR gate. The input must be
opposite from each other in order for the output to respond as a
value of 1. If the inputs are the same, than the output wouldnt
respond, meaning the LED is off and the value of the output
would be 0.

Lab #16:
Observations:
R2
47 k
100 k
470 k
680 k
1M

Time sec/ LED cycle

0.1
0.21
0.74
0.96
1.12

Discussion:
1. The curve was from low to high. It was a solid curve. As the
resistance increases, the time also increases with it as well.
2. It would obviously be used for a clock on a computer, to
calculate the time. It would also be used a timer or a
stopwatch as well.
3. The changes in the result if there was a different value used
for the resistor is that it will be able to hold more or less
electricity into, meaning it can possibly delay or speed up the
process of the circuit.