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14

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t"dyg,f&Sdaom &Sifoefjcif;ESifU tjcm;aom b0yHk&dyfrsm;

15

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16

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t"dyg,f&Sdaom &Sifoefjcif;ESifU tjcm;aom b0yHk&dyfrsm;

17

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18

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t"dyg,f&Sdaom &Sifoefjcif;ESifU tjcm;aom b0yHk&dyfrsm;

19

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f yG af ewJh

20

aX;0if;

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t"dyg,f&Sdaom &Sifoefjcif;ESifU tjcm;aom b0yHk&dyfrsm;

21

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22

aX;0if;

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t"dyg,f&Sdaom &Sifoefjcif;ESifU tjcm;aom b0yHk&dyfrsm;

23

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f kd,f owfaooGm;wJhvlawG[m owd

24

aX;0if;

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t"dyg,f&Sdaom &Sifoefjcif;ESifU tjcm;aom b0yHk&dyfrsm;

25

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34

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35

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36

aX;0if;

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37

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38

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39

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40

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t"dyg,f&Sdaom &Sifoefjcif;ESifU tjcm;aom b0yHk&dyfrsm;

41

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42

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t"dyg,f&Sdaom &Sifoefjcif;ESifU tjcm;aom b0yHk&dyfrsm;

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46

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t"dyg,f&Sdaom &Sifoefjcif;ESifU tjcm;aom b0yHk&dyfrsm;

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t"dyg,f&Sdaom &Sifoefjcif;ESifU tjcm;aom b0yHk&dyfrsm;

49

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50

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t"dyg,f&Sdaom &Sifoefjcif;ESifU tjcm;aom b0yHk&dyfrsm;

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t"dyg,f&Sdaom &Sifoefjcif;ESifU tjcm;aom b0yHk&dyfrsm;

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78

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79

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t"dyg,f&Sdaom &Sifoefjcif;ESifU tjcm;aom b0yHk&dyfrsm;

81

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82

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ydkuq
f u
H kd auoD0if;uxkwaf y;NyD; bPfuae uRefawmfq
h D xnfah y;vdkuw
f ,f/
tm;vHk;udk&w,f}}
]]rif;rSm rdwaf umif;aqGaumif; oli,fcsi;f aumif;awG awmfawmf&w
Sd myJ/
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]][kwu
f JhtpfukdBuD;/ auoD0if;[m uRefawmfhb0&JU aus;Zl;&Siaf wGxJu
wpfa,mufy/J xDraygufcif tdyrf uf&xm;w,f/ &Sr;f rwpfa,mufu tdyrf ufxJ

t"dyg,f&Sdaom &Sifoefjcif;ESifU tjcm;aom b0yHk&dyfrsm;

83

rSm 577 udk xdk;qdkNyD;ay;w,f/ 'gudkxk;d zdkY uReaf wmfrh mS ydkuq


f rH &Sb
d ;l / 'gaMumifh
auoD0if;ukd oGm;ajymjyw,f/ igxDxk;d csiw
f ,f ydkuq
f Hr&Sb
d l;qkad wmh/ ighvif
rodapeJY 'Dpkb;l azmuf,o
l mG ;qdkNyD; ay;vku
d w
f ,f/ tJ'w
D pfaxmiftjyif ta<u;
vnf; xdk;xm;ao;w,f/ auoD0if;twGuv
f nf; ig;&mzdk; xdk;ay;xm;w,f/
olxkd;csiw
f mu 544 eJY 445 avmufyJ xdk;cJhvkdYajymw,f/ igh*Pef;u rxdk;
vm;qdkawmh rxdk;bl;wJh/ odyrf ,Hkbl;qdkwJh oabmaygh/ tJ'geJYxkd;vdkuaf wmh
wpfaxmifz;kd aygufw,f/ 'gaMumihf olUukd 29 vufr wDAw
DG pfvk;H 0,fay;vdkuf
w,f}}
]]tJ'Dwke;f u yef;rIHeJY rnm;ao;bl;vm;}}
]]yef;rIHeJY r,l&ao;bl;/ 'gayrJh BudKufaeMuNyD/ rMumcif ,lawmhr,f}}

uarmufurESihf pcJ&h aom b0\ tapmydik ;f umvrsm;


rsuaf rSmufumvrS olUjzpfpOf Zmwfvrf;rsm;udk ajymjyae&mrS i,fi,fu
taMumif;rsm;udkvnf; enf;enf;ajymjycsiaf o;onf[k oluqdk\/ olrajymjzpf
vQiaf wmifrS uReaf wmfu ar;Munfrh nf[k pdwu
f ;l xm;ojzifh olajym jyrnf[kqkd
aomtcg ]]aumif;wmayghumG em;axmif&wmaygh}}[k tvdkuo
f ifh oabmwl
ay;vdkufavonf/
]]uRefawmfZh mwd&mG u &cdkijf ynfe,f ausmufawmfNrdKUe,f xyfjyif&mG / tazh
&Gmav/ taru ajrmufOD;u/ uRefawmfig;ESpo
f m;rSm tazeJYtar uGJMuw,f/
tazu aemuftrd af xmifjyKoGm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh tarh&GmjzpfwJh awmifOD;udk
ajymif;oGm;&w,f/ uReaf wmfuawmh tazhqu
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kd nf; oGm;w,f/ tarhqrD mS vnf;
aew,f/ ESpt
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]]tazu aemuftrd af xmifeJYqkdawmh b,frSmvm*kpkduEf kdirf SmvJ/ tJ'D
tcsed rf Sm uRefawmfu ausmif;wufwke;f / av;wef;ausmif;om;/ ajym&&if
ausmif;uwufom wufae&wm/ taru wpfckvyfqkdawmh tqifajyvSwm
r[kwb
f ;l / ausmif;wufcsiw
f ,f/ pmwwfcsiw
f ,f/ uReaf wmfuwufcsiaf yr,fh
taru wwfEkdiw
f m r[kwb
f l;/ uRefawmfhrSm armifESroHk;a,muf&Sw
d JhtxJu
ti,faumifuawmh ausmif;pmudk pdwrf 0ifpm;bl;/ ajcmufwef;wufaewJh
uRefawmfhtpfrudkausmif;xkwyf pfvkduw
f ,f/ tpfrudkausmif;xkwNf yD;awmh uRef
awmfu
h kad usmif;xm;w,f/ nDu tckqkH;oGm;NyD/ armifErS ESpaf ,mufyJ useaf wmh

84

aX;0if;

w,f/ tpfrvnf; tck csHKazmfygeefrSma&mufaew,f/ tarajymwmu igawmh


ausmif;p&dwv
f nf; ray;Edki/f t0wftpm;vnf; r0,fay;Edkib
f ;l &Sw
d meJw
Y ufw/hJ
uRefawmfhrSm csr;f omwmuvnf; vHkcsnEf Spx
f nf abmif;bDESpx
f nfeJY tus
ESpx
f nfy/J uReaf wmfw&kYd mG rSmu ausmif;r&Sad wmh us&D mjyif&mG udkomG ;wuf&w,f/
ausmif;oGm;wJhtcg v,fuGi;f awGukd jzwfoef;oGm;&w,f/ um;vrf;r&Sb
d l;/
ausmif;uvnf; tpdk;&ausmif;r[kwb
f l;/ wGJzufausmif;}}
]]olrsm;&GmrSm oGm;wuf&wmqdkawmh rif;vdkyJ &Gmu ausmif;oGm;wufwJh
uav;awG trsm;BuDvm;}}
]]rrsm;bl; tpfukdBuD;/ av;a,mufyJ&w
Sd ,f/ wifacs? uRefawmf? vSxGe;f
ausmef YJ at;cif...'gyJ/ pmwwfwv
hJ l odyrf &Sb
d ;l / tJ'aD vmuf tajctaeqd;k w,f/
qif;vnf;t&rf;qif;&JMuw,fav/ uRefawmfhrSm xD;awmifr&Sb
d l;/ carmuf
aqmif;NyD; ausmif;oGm;&w,f/ rdk;umaqmif;NyD;oGm;wJt
h cg oGm;&w,f/ tusu

ESpx
f nfwnf;&Sw
d ,fqakd wmh ausmif;ujyefvm&if avQmfNyD; jyefajcmufatmifvkyf
xm;&w,f/ 'DMum;xJu uRefawmfu ausmif;rSmpmawmfw,f/ 'gaMumifh
q&mBuD;u t&rf;cspw
f ,f}}
]]tJ'gawmh ig,Hkygw,f/ rif;uyg;eyfw,f/ BudK;pm;w,fqkad wmh uav;
b0u pmawmfr,f q&morm;awG cspMf ur,fqkdwm aocsmaygufyJ}}
]]ausmif;tkyq
f &mBuD;emrnfu OD;atmifxeG ;f om/ q&mBuD;u uReaf wmfu
h kd
wtm;cspw
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aMumif; udk,rf eS w
f ,fxif&if q&mq&mrvnf; *krpdkub
f J udk,x
f if&mvkycf v
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f ef;ESprf Sm/ uRefawmfu ausmif;rSm Ou|/
abmvHk;toif;rSm toif;acgif;aqmif/ ausmif;rSm oefY&Si;f a&;orm;&Sw
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cdik ;f w,f/ trIu
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f kid u
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oefY&Si;f a&;twGuf tpdk;&u 0efxrf;cefYxm;vsuo
f m;eJY bmjzpfvkdY ausmif;om;
awGukd cdki;f wmvJaygh}}
]]rif;u q&mrudk b,fvkdjyem oGm;vkyv
f kduo
f vJ}}

t"dyg,f&Sdaom &Sifoefjcif;ESifU tjcm;aom b0yHk&dyfrsm;

85

]]q&mru uRefawmfhukd jcif;awmif;wpfvkH;ay;w,f/ q&mru aumif;


aumif;rGerf Gef ajymwmyg/ eifwkdY cPavmufulvkyaf y;vdkuMf u/ oefY&Si;f a&;
0efxrf;u wpfa,mufwnf;rdkv
Y kYd rEdkiv
f kyYd g/ 'DavmufBuD;wJah usmif;udk b,fvkd
NyD;atmif vkyEf kdirf SmvJaygh/ tJ'Dta':BuD;wpfa,mufwnf; ausmif;BuD;a&m
NcH0if;wpfvHk;udk vky&f wmav/ 'gayrJh uRefawmfhaumifawGukd jcif;awmif;udk
ay;vdkuNf yD;awmh 'Dvkrd mS vdkuw
f ,f/ rif;wdkY 'Djcif;awmif;udk tkwcf eJ x
YJ kNyD; zsuq
f ;D
ypfvku
d Mf u/ jyef,lrvmMueJYvkdY rSmvdkuw
f ,f/ uRefawmfrSmwJhtwdki;f vnf;
wu,fyJ xkNyD; zsuq
f D;ypfcJhMuw,f/ aemufwpfacguf aumufp&mawmif;
r&Sad wmhb;l / q&mu jcif;awmif;b,fukad &mufomG ;vJqkad wmh ysuo
f mG ;w,fvkYd
jyefajzw,f}}
]]'Dawmh q&mru aemufwpfvkH;,lNyD; ay;jyefw,f/ 'DtcgrSmvnf;
xkNyD;zsuq
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kd Mf uvdYk uReaf wmfu xyfrmS vdu
k w
f ,f/ uReaf wmfah umifawGu
vnf; uRefawmfhpum;udk em;axmifMuw,f/ zsuq
f D;ypfvku
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h kd
vnf; pdwq
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]]q&mrpdwq
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f ufpeJY
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ausmif;wufzkt
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h csed rf mS uRefawmfu a[h
aumifawG wHcg;ydwx
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wpfacsmif;udik Nf yD; vmw,f/ Budrv
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f m;
wmyg/ q&mu wHcg;udkacgufw,f/ wHcg;ydwx
f m;awmh tjyifutoHukd
rMum;&bl;/ 'gayrJh rSejf ywif;eJYqkdawmh jrifae&w,f/ toHrMum;&ayr,fh
yg;pyfvyI w
f m q&ma'goxGuaf ewmudk tukejf rifae&w,f/ uReaf wmfu cHkwef;
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aew,f}}
]]rif;eJY twef;ydik q
f &meJu
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Yk /J jzpfwmu trdu
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q&mreJY r[kwv
f m;}}

86

aX;0if;

]][kww
f ,f/ twef;ydkiq
f &meJY bmrSrjzpfxm;bl;/ q&mu uRefawmfwkdYeJY
q&mr jyemjzpfaewmvnf; odawmiford ,frxifbl;/ q&mu olUbmom
aumif;aumif;rGerf eG v
f mwmyg/ uReaf wmfu apmapmu q&mru trIu
d af umuf
cdki;f wmudkrauseyfvkYd qEjywJo
h abmeJY wHcg;udk ydwx
f m;ckid ;f vku
d w
f myg/ uRef
awmfckdi;f xm;awmh b,faumifrS wHcg;udk oGm;rzGihaf y;&Jawmhbl;/ uRefawmfu
a[haumifawG zGiahf y;vku
d Mf uqdrk S wHcg;zGiahf y;vdu
k Mf uw,f/ wHcg;zGiahf y;vdu
k w
f hJ
tcsed rf Sm q&m[m a'govnf;jzpf &Suv
f nf;&Suq
f kdawmh ]]a[haumifawG?
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f m;wJh wkwef YJ
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f ,f}}
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[kwfvm;}}
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wnfhwnfhavQmufvmNyD; ]]rif;xwJh...rif;vlrkdurf [kwv
f m;wJh/ q&mu uRef
awmfu
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]]rif;? ausmif;rSm...vtm;rem}} qkNd yD; armif;xkww
f ,f/ bmnm Aspaf wmuf
Aspaf wmufvyk v
f mawmh uReaf wmfvnf;rwufb;l qdNk yD; ausmif;uqif;vmcJw
h ,f/
rwufawmhbl;/ pmar;yGJajzzdkYvnf; tcsed u
f odyrf useaf wmhbl;/ vcGJavmufyJ
vdkawmhr,fxifw,f/ ausmif;xkwcf H&w,f/
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tcsed rf Sm uRefawmfausmif;xkwcf Hxm;&wmudko&d awmh csucf si;f ausmif;wufzkdY
jyefac:w,f/ uReaf wmfu ausmif;rSmvnf; tNrJwrf; yxrcsn;f &w,f/ abmvH;k
uef&mrSmvnf; aumif;w,fqkdawmh q&mBuD;u uRefawmfhukd wtm;cspw
f ,f/
q&mBuD;jyefac:vdkY uRefawmfausmif;jyefwufawmh uRefawmfhukdarmif;xkww
f Jh
q&mu vmEIwq
f ufaew,f/ 'gayrJh uRefawmfu jyefEIwrf qufbl;/ b,f
avmufxrd Sm;cJhovJ...qk;d cJhovJqkdwmudk ckrS aemifw&rdw,f/ q&mawGukd
apmfum;cJhwm rdkraovkycf JhwmawGukd/ uRefawmfuqdk;ayr,fh tJ'Dq&muyJ
pmar;yGJrSm ygEdkiw
f mawGukd ajymjyay;w,f}}
]]q&muvnf; tJ'Dwke;f u q&mqdkwJhrmefeJY ighukdapmfum;&rvm;qdkNyD;

t"dyg,f&Sdaom &Sifoefjcif;ESifU tjcm;aom b0yHk&dyfrsm;

87

pdwq
f ;kd vdYk rif;udk twef;xJu xGuo
f mG ;zdYk ausmif;vmrwufbYkd ajymcJw
h maerSmaygh
uGm/ 'gayrJh wu,fwrf;usawmh q&mawG[m trsujf y,fomG ;wJhtcg wynfh
awGukd cGihv
f Tww
f wfpNrJyguGm/ ck rif;ajymjyaewm[m tJ'gudk oufaoxlae
wmyJav/ pmar;yGJjyefajzcGih&f awmh rif;u at;at;aq;aq; ajzEdkicf Jh&JUvm;}}
]]ajzEdik yf gw,f...tpfuBkd uD;/ uReaf wmfu ausmif;rwufayr,fh pmtm;vH;k
u&NyD;om;/ uReaf wmfr&wmu odyw
H pfcky&J w
dS ,f/ r&wmuvnf; odyu
H ku
d suf
&rSm uReaf wmfysi;f w,f/ odypf w
d rf 0ifpm;bl;/ pdwrf 0ifpm;ayr,fh b,fvykd aJ jzajz
atmifrSwaf vmufawmh tomav;&,f/ 'gayrJh odyHajz&wJhaeYrSm jyemu
wufjyefygava&m? ud,
k u
f ygr,fxifwt
hJ yk'u
f t&rf;&Snaf wmh rusuaf wmhbJ
cdk;csw,f/ tJ'DaeYrSmrS trIu
d af ummufwJhupd eJY rsurf ke;f usKd ;aewJh q&mr[m
tcef;apmifu
h sw,f/ olu uReaf wmfu
h kd acsmif;aew,f/ olUyikd u
f u
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h kd
tyDw,
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qDukd wef;NyD;vmw,f/ NyD;&if cdk;csw,fqkNd yD; zrf;NyD; wpfcgwnf; pmar;yGcJ ef;u
xkwyf pfvkduw
f ,f}}
]]a[... 'DwpfcsDawmh rif;twGuf uk&mewd aq;r&Sjd zpfNyD;ayghav? 'geJY
qufvkyyf gOD; bmawG xyfjzpfao;vJ}}
]]uRefawmfvnf; tjyifukdxGuo
f Gm;cJhw,f/ pdwx
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w,f/ uReaf wmf[m tJ'aD vmufxd rdu
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'Dcsmwdwu
f jyefajymjywmuawmh q&mBuD;u tJ'Dq&mrudk ajymw,fwJh/
eifbmvdkY olUukd tckvkd vkyv
f ku
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f kd
qkwNf zJypfvkduaf ygh/ &wmudkqufajzcdki;f &if NyD;a&mhr[kwv
f m;vdkYajymaMumif;
jyefo&d w,f/ uRefawmfu pma&;&if owfyHkrSm;wmbmnmodyrf &Sad wmh trSwf
avQmhvkdYr&bl;/ wpf&mzdk;ajz&if udk;q,fausm&f wm aocsmw,f/ atmifpm&if;
xGuaf wmh pmar;yGJruswJhtjyif *kPx
f l;ESpcf keJYawmif atmifvku
d af o;w,f/
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f l;&wm ordki;f eJY ocsFm]]
]]rif;u ynma&;bufrmS awmh rqdk;bl;aemf/ xl;cReo
f m;yJ/ 'geJY udk;wef;udk
qufwufjzpfvm;}}

88

aX;0if;

]]&Spw
f ef;atmifawmh uRefawmfu ausmif;qufwufcsiw
f ,f/ qufwuf
r,faygh/ 'gayrJh tarhrmS u uReaf wmfu
h kd ausmif;xm;Edkiaf vmufatmif pD;yGm;a&;
r&Sb
d ;l / NyD;awmh txufwef;qdak wmh NrdKUuakd jymif;NyD; wuf&awmhr,f/ NrdKUuo
kd mG ;NyD;
ausmif;rwufEkid af wmhb;l / q&mru rxkwaf yr,fh uReaf wmfb
h 0u cGirhf jyKawmh
ausmi;fxu
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f u
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aemufawmh txufuajymcJhovdkyJ &GmrSm qufae&ifawmh pD;yGm;a&;uvnf;
rajyvnf tmPmydkiaf wGuvnf; enf;rsKd ;pHkeEYJ ydS pf ufaeawmh jzpfrmS r[kwb
f ;l qkNd yD;
xkid ;f udkxGuv
f mcJhwm 'DrSmawmif aemuftrd af xmifusvkdY uav;oHk;a,muf
&Sad eNyD}}

yifv,fjyif oabFmarSmufjcif;
bk&m;zl;rsm;onf um;jzifhwpfrsKd ; qkid u
f ,fjzifhwzHk awmifay:odkYwufum
vmzl;aeMuojzifh bk&m;&ifjyifwpf0kduu
f m; uRefawmfwkdYa&mufcgpxuf ydkrkd
pnfum;vmonf/ uReaf wmfwEYkd pS af ,muf ajymqkad eaom pum;rsm;udk cP&yfum
uGr&f ifr,fawmfkyx
f k&S&d modkY wufcJhMuavonf/ xdkae&mrS jyefqif;vm&if;
olu
]]tpfukdBuD;? b0qdkwm tifrwefxl;qef;w,fqkdwmu udk,af wGUBuHKrS
wu,fem;vnfwmAs/ uHw&m;qdw
k m yHak or&Sb
d ;l ? qdyk gpdYk uReaf wmfukd vlawGu
uHaumif;vdkY 'Daumiftqifajyvmwm/ 'Daumifu cPcP xDaygufw,f
pojzifh ajymMuwmayghav/ tJ'D odyu
f Haumif;wJhvl uHqkd;NyDqkdwJhtcg odyf
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ynma&;tm;ay;vm;}}
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h ku
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d Bf uJ jzpfrSm
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jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh a&;zdkzY wfzkw
Yd wf&ifawmfNyDqkNd yD; ausmif;xkwyf pfcMhJ uw,f/
uReaf wmfu
h sawmh om;jzpfvkYd ynmoifckid ;f w,f/ ckepfwef;a&mufawmh uReaf wmf
[m ausmif;wuf&if; yef;xdro
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f Gm;w,f}}
nDoed ;f \ rdbrsm;u om;a,musmf ;av;jzpfojzifh olUukd OD;pm;ay;um
ausmif;xm;ay;cJah omfvnf; ynma&;bufwiG f pdwrf 0ifpm;bJ vufiif;aiG&iG af om
a&Tyef;xdrt
f vkyb
f ufwiG f pdw0f ifpm;cJhonf/ xdkYaMumifh ynma&;wydki;f wpjzifh
tqHk;owfcJhonfukd ,ck toufav;q,fausmf t&G,af &mufonfhtcg pdwf
raumif; jzpfr[
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t"dyg,f&Sdaom &Sifoefjcif;ESifU tjcm;aom b0yHk&dyfrsm;

129

]]uRefawmfphf dkuu
f trSet
f wkid ;f ajym&&if jyefrajym em;raxmifwJh trsKd ;
tpm;xJrmS ygw,f/ 'Dvked YJ yef;xdro
f rm; jzpfvmcJw
h ,f/ rmefatmifNrdKUrmS vnf;
vkycf Jhw,f/ &efukerf Smvnf; vkycf Jhw,f/ &efukerf Smvkyw
f mu rde;f r&NyD;rS/
jyefrajym em;raxmifcJhyHkwpfckukd jyefajymjyr,f... q&m/ uRefawmfhtazu
EGm;ta&mif;t0,fvkyw
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d Jhtcsed rf Sm
taru EGm;rudki&f JvkdY uRefawmfhukd tjyifoGm;&mu apmapmjyefvmzdkY rSmw,f/
taru apmapmtdrjf yefvmzdkY rSmvdkuw
f Jh uRefawmf[m b,fa&mufomG ;vJqkd&if
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ao;w,f/ rmefatmifuRe;f a&m &rf;NAJuRe;f a&m b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfxrJ mS &Sw
d m
r[kwv
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ig;&ufavmufMumrS taru apmapmjyefvmygvdkYrSmvdkuw
f Jh uRefawmf tdrjf yef
a&mufvmw,f}}
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w,fav/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfhom; av;taMumif;ajymwkid ;f eifhom;u ajymr&
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130

aX;0if;

jyefavonf/
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f m;avmufyJ &Sad o;w,fav/
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qdk&if ygNyD;om;/ Oyrmajym&&if udk0if;vGiw
f kdY abmvHk;yGJEkdiw
f ke;f u &GmawGukd
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udk0if;vGiw
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f kad wmh odw,f/ oluawmh
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uRefawmf olwdkYeJYvdkufygoGm;w,f/ bJtif;&Gmuwnf;u vdkufvmcJhwm/
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h J ,ckuo
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ausmo
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uReaf wmfh oli,fcsi;f wpfa,muf[m &efukerf mS yef;xdrv
f kyaf e&mu &Gmudktvnf
jyefvmw,f/ olu &efukeu
f kdvkduNf yD; yef;xdrv
f kyyf gvm;wJh/ uRefawmfu
ig...v,fvnf;rNyD;ao;bl;/ v,fNyD;atmifapmifhOD;qkad wmh olu rif;v,fNyD;
atmif igrapmifhEkdib
f l;...wJh/ at; rapmifhEkdib
f l;qdk&if vdkuw
f mayghuGmqdkNyD;
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f kdvkduo
f Gm;w,f/ 'DvkdeJY &efukerf Sm yef;xdrv
f kyNf yD;aew,f/ wpfESpf
ESpEf SpMf umawmh &Gmudk wpfacgufjyefvmw,f/ tJ'Dtcsed rf Sm uRefawmfhom;u
touf ESpEf Sp&f Sad eNyD/ uRefawmfhom;av;emrnfu armifnDnD/ uRefawmfhred ;f r

t"dyg,f&Sdaom &Sifoefjcif;ESifU tjcm;aom b0yHk&dyfrsm;

131

emrnfu oef;oef;&D/

vlaysmw
f pfou
kd f ,d;k ',m;odYk vmMujcif;
bJtif;&Gmonf yifv,furf;em;wGif wnf&adS omaMumifh tcsKd UrmS ig;zrf;jcif;
tvkyjf zifh toufarG;MuNyD; tcsKd UrSm v,f,mvkyu
f kdiMf uonf/ xdkYaMumifh
nDoed ;f onf &Gmudkjyefa&mufvmaomtcg ig;0,fNyD; a&mif;onft
h vkyu
f kv
d nf;
vkycf JhaMumif; ajymjyonf/
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hJ cg udk,&hf mG u ig;zrf;wJ&h mG qdkawmh/ ig;0,fNyD; jynfukd
ydkw
Y ,f/ jynfukyd kv
Yd ku
d w
f t
hJ cg jyemu ydkuq
f u
H jyefrvm/ udk,w
f ikd f jynfukd
vdkuo
f Gm;awmh tqifrajybl;/ ydkuq
f Hr&/ 'gaMumifh jynfrSm qdkum;eif;vdkuf
ao;w,f/ 'geJY 'DvkdaevdkYawmh rjzpfawmhbl; 'Dykduq
f Hukdom qufapmifhae&if
igvnf; qdkum;orm;jzpfawmhr,f/ 'gaMumifh yef;xdrv
f kyrf ,fqkdNyD; &efukeu
f kd
jyefwufvmcJhw,f}}
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f kd aemufwpfacguf wufomG ;jyef
wmaygh [kwv
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olwkdYu oHk;a,muf/ 'Dawmh uRefawmfu 'gjzifh igvnf;vdkucf siw
f ,f/
vku
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f Hr&Sb
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f ,f/ 'Dykduq
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f kdYaygh}}
[k &efukerf S xdki;f odo
kY mG ;&ef ajcvSr;f jyifaeaom olUq&m nDoed ;f \pum;xJ
wGif tke;f om;[laom pum;wpfcGe;f ygav&m wynfhjzpfol tnmom;u odyf
em;rvnfojzifh ,ckuJhokdY ar;avonf/

132

aX;0if;

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tke;f om;qdkwm bmvJ uRefawmfrodbl;/ NyD;awmh tpfukdwkdY 'D&Sr;f jynfukd
b,fvkdvmcJhMuovJqkdwmudkvnf; odcsiw
f ,f}}
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f ,fqkd&ifvnf; igajymjy&wmaygh/ tke;f om;
qdkwm tke;f oD;udkcNJG yD; txJutom;udk tpdwt
f pdwf pdyNf yD; tajcmufveS ;f w,f/
tJ'gudk tke;f om;vdkY ac:w,f/ wcsKd Uuvnf; tke;f qHvakYd c:Muw,f/ &Si;f NyDvm;}}
]]atmf...oabmaygufNyD/ em;vnfNyD]]
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cyfaysmaf ysmaf ewwfwhJ Zmwfvrf;udk/ ydkuq
f aH cs;NyD;aemufrmS aumhaomif;udkomG ;zdkY
vufrw
S cf x
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f scgeD;aeNyD/ 1993 ckEpS /f vufrw
S 0f ,fNyD;aemufrmS
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f w
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oabFmu oBuFew
f Gi;f rxGub
f l;qdkvkdY &efukerf Sm oBuFeu
f sw,f/ oBuFerf Sm
aysmv
f u
kd Mf uwm ydu
k q
f t
H m;vH;k ukeo
f mG ;w,f/ b,fvv
kd yk Mf urvJqNkd yD; 0wfxm;wJh
abmif;bDawGukd cRwfNyD; ta[mif;qdkirf Sm oGm;a&mif;Muwm ydkuq
f HESpaf xmif&
w,f/ ta[mif;qdkiu
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aomufypfvku
d Mf uwm ydkuq
f EH pS &f myJ usew
f ,f/ vlav;a,muf aomufypfvku
d f
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kd q
f EH pS &f meJY uRefawmfwkaYd v;a,muf aumhaomif;udk oabFm
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f HtvHk tavmufrygbJeJY yifv,fc&D;udk xGuv
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f ;l / NyD;awmh 'Dc&D;u rif;wdo
kY mG ;aeusvnf; r[kwb
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f m;}}
]]iwfawmh riwfb;l ...q&m/ ydu
k q
f u
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kd yk f
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r,f/ 'Dvkad e&if iwfawmhr,f/ 'gaMumifh oabFmxufrmS ywfNyD; oli,fcsi;f &Sm
Muw,f/ uRefawmfhwkdYvmMuwJhtxJrSm wuokdvaf usmif;om; ESpaf ,mufyg
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rwufz;l bl;/ tJ'v
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t"dyg,f&Sdaom &Sifoefjcif;ESifU tjcm;aom b0yHk&dyfrsm;

133

a&mufawmh *pfwmwpfvkH;wGx
J m;wm awGUw,f/ *pfwmudkawGUawmh aumufw;D
Mujyefa&m/ tJovdk qdk;w,f/ 'DvkdeJY uHaumif;csiaf wmh uRefawmfheJYow
d Jh
&rf;NAJuwpfa,mufukdoGm;awGUw,f/ tpfukdb,foGm;rvJvkdY ar;Munfhawmh
aumhaomif;udk oGm;w,fwJh/ tpfukdYrSm aumhaomif;rSm tod&So
d vm;qdkawmh
&Sw
d ,fw/hJ atmif"r&yd o
f mausmif;rSm oDwif;oHk;aewJh todbke;f BuD; &Sw
d ,fw/hJ
aumhaomif;a&mufzl;vm;vdkY uRefawmfuar;awmh ra&mufzl;bl;wJh/ olu
ra&mufzl;qkad wmh uRefawmfwkdYvnf; aumhaomif;udkoGm;wm/ atmif"r&yd o
f m
ausmif;udk twlwloGm;Mur,fqkdNyD; tazmfpyfw,f/ NyD;&if uRefawmfwkdYrSm
tck 'Dvk'd Dvkd tcuftcJ BuHKae&wJhtaMumif; ajymjyw,f/ vlav;a,muf
ydkuq
f EH pS &f meJx
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f s&if;
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ta&muf pm;zdkYavmuf ulnDzkdY ajymw,f/ awGUawGUcsi;f aiGvnf;racs;csib
f l;/
vrf;rSm uReaf wmfwku
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vdq
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d ,f/ olu uReaf wmfwt
kYd wGuf pm;p&dwcf aH y;vmw,f/ 'gaMumifh aiGjywf
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f l;...q&m}}
olUajymjyaom pum;rsm;udk Mum;&onfrSm tvGerf Ge;f usyzf G,f aumif;vS
onf/ nDoed ;f wdkY oli,fcsi;f wpfoku
d u
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wpfoku
d v
f m; uReaf wmfvnf; rajymwwfawmh/ acsmif;aumuf aumufukad wGU&if
wufaumufaumufjzifh avSmrf nfholrsm;[kom oabmaygufro
d nf/ xdkYjyif
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kYd nf aumhaomif;udka&mufNyD;aemuf xdki;f Edkiif H &aemif;bufokYd qufu;l Mu
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&Sw
d Jh qdkiu
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