Opuscula Math. 33, no.

2 (2013), 283291
http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/OpMath.2013.33.2.283

Opuscula Mathematica

INEQUALITIES FOR REGULARIZED DETERMINANTS

OF OPERATORS
WITH THE NAKANO TYPE MODULARS
Michael Gil
Communicated by P.A. Cojuhari
Abstract. Let {pk } be a nondecreasing sequence of integers, and A be a compact operator
in a Hilbert space whose eigenvalues and singular values are k (A) and sk (A) (k = 1, 2, . . .),
respectively. We establish upper and lower bounds for the regularized determinant

(1 k (A)) exp

k=1

k 1
i
h pX
X
sj j (A/c)
m
k (A)
, assuming that
<
m
pj
m=1
j=1

for a constant c (0, 1).

Keywords: Hilbert space, compact operators, regularized determinant, Nakano type
modular.
Mathematics Subject Classification: 47B10, 47A55.

1. INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF THE MAIN RESULT

Let H be a separable Hilbert space. For a compact linear
operator A in H, A is
p
the adjoint, j (A) are the eigenvalues and sk (A) = k (A A) (k = 1, 2, . . .) are
the singular values taken with their multiplicities and ordered in the decreasing way:
|j (A)| |j+1 (A)| and sj (A) sj+1 (A). Let SNp (1 < p < ) be the Schatten-von
Neumann ideal of operators A with the finite norm Np (A) := [Trace(A A)p/2 ]1/p .
We will say that a compact operator in H is of infinite order if it does not belong
to any Schatten-von Neumann ideal. Such operators arise in various applications.
Many fundamental results on infinite order compact linear operators can be found in
the well-known book [9, Section 3.1]. The literature on the determinants of compact
operators and their applications is very rich, see the interesting recent papers [2, 3,
10, 15, 16] and references cited therein; about the classical results see [1, 7, 14]. At the
same time to the best of our knowledge, bounds for the determinants of infinite order
c AGH University of Science and Technology Press, Krakow 2013

283

284

Michael Gil

operators are not enough considered in the available literature. The motivation of
this paper is to extend some useful results on determinants of Schatten-von Neumann
operators to infinite order operators.
Since sk (A) 0, there is an integer 1 such that

sk (A)

(1.1)

k=1

for a given compact operator A. Everywhere below {pk }

k= is a nondecreasing sequence of integers pk > 1 (k ). Assume that the condition
p

X
sj j (A/c)
j=

pj

<

(1.2)

holds for a constant c (0, 1). Take

p1 = . . . = p1 = 1.

(1.3)

If = 1, then condition (1.3) is not required. Put () := {pk }

k=1 and
() (A) :=

X
sj j (A)
j=1

pj

According to (1.2) () (A/c) < .

Let Y be an arbitrary vector space over C. A functional m : Y [0, ) is called
modular if it satisfies the properties: a) m(x) = 0 iff x = 0, b) m(x) = m(x) for
C with || = 1, c) m(x + y) m(x) + m(y) if , > 0 with + = 1 for all
x, y Y , cf. [13] (see also [11, 12]).
Now let Y be a space of number sequences x = {xk }
k=1 , and m(x) = m(x1 , x2 , . . .)
a modular on Y . For example,
m(x) =

X
|xk |pk
k=1

pk

is a modular, cf. [13]. Now, for a compact operator in H put

(A) := m(s1 (A), s2 (A), . . .).
Then (A) will be called a modular of A. So () (A) is a modular of A.
We will check that (1.2) implies the condition

|j (A)|pj < .

j=1

Then the regularized determinant is defined as

det() (I A) :=

Y
j=1

Epj (j (A)),

(1.4)

Inequalities for regularized determinants of operators with the Nakano type modulars 285

where I is the unit operator,

Ep (z) := (1 z) exp

p1 k i
hX
z

k=1

(p 2) and E1 (z) := 1 z

(z C).

Theorem 1.1. Let conditions (1.1)(1.3) hold. Then

|det() (I A)| exp

() (A/c)

1c

i
.

This theorem is proved in the next section. It generalizes the main result from [4].
About the recent results on the Nakano ideals see [6] and references therein.

2. PROOF OF THEOREM 1.1

Lemma 2.1. Let A be compact and conditions (1.1), and (1.3) hold. Then for any
constant c (0, 1) we have
n
X

|j (A)|pj

j=1

n
j
1 X sj (A/c)
,
1 c j=1
pj

pj (), n > .

If, in addition, (1.2) holds, then

|j (A)|pj

j=1

() (A/c)
.
1c

Proof. Put j (A) = j , sj (A) = sj . According to (1.1) and the Weyl inequalities [8]
we have

X
X
sk .
|k |
k=1

Hence | | 1 and

n
X

k=1

tk |k |

k=1

n
X

tk sk

k=1

for any nonincreasing sequence tk . Since pk > 1, and |k+1 | |k | | | 1, for

k , we obtain |k+1 |pk |k |pk 1 . Take tk = 1 for k < and tk = |k |pk 1 for
k . Then by (1.3),
n
X
k=1

|k |pk

1
X
k=1

sk +

n
X

|k |pk 1 sk ,

n .

k=

By the Young inequality, we arrive at the inequality

|k |pk 1 sk

cqk |k |qk (pk 1)

(sk /c)pk
+
qk
pk

(2.1)

286

Michael Gil

with 1/qk + 1/pk = 1. But qk 1, cqk c and qk (pk 1) = pk . So

|k |pk 1 sk c|k |pk +

(sk /c)pk
.
pk

Hence, (2.1) implies

n
X

|k |pk

k=1

1
X

sk + c

k=1

n
X

|k |pk +

k=

n
X
(sk /c)pk
,
pk

k=

or according to (1.3),
(1 c)

n
X

|k |pk

k=1

n
X
(sk /c)pk

pk

k=1

This proves the lemma.

Lemma 2.2. For any integer p 1 and all z C, we have
|Ep (z)| exp[p rp ] exp[rp ],
where p =

p1
p

r = |z|,

for p 6= 1, p 6= 3, and 1 = 3 = 1.

This lemma is proved in [5] but according to the referees suggestion, for the sake
of completeness, we give the proof of Lemma 2.2 in Section 4 below.
Corollary 2.3. Let condition (1.4) hold. Then
|det (I A)| exp

hX

i
|j (A)|pj .

j=1

Indeed, in view of Lemma 2.2,

|det (I A)|

exp[|j (A)|pj ].

j=1

Hence the required result follows.

The assertion of Theorem 1.1 follows from the previous corollary and Lemma 2.1.

3. LOWER BOUNDS FOR DETERMINANTS

Again, for brevity put j (A) = j . We begin with the following lemma, in which
= {pk } is a nondecreasing sequence of positive integers.
Lemma 3.1. Let A be a compact operator satisfying the conditions
sup |k | < 1
k

(3.1)

Inequalities for regularized determinants of operators with the Nakano type modulars 287

and

X
|k |pk

pk

k=1

< .

(3.2)

Then
#

1 X |k |pk
|det (I A)| exp
,
1 (A) k=1 pk
"

where 1 (A) := inf j=1,2,...;s[0,1] |1 sj |.

Proof. Put wj (z) := Epj (zj ). Clearly,
wk0 (z)

= k + (1 zk )

pX
k 2

z m m+1
k

m=0

k 1
h pX
z s sk i
.
exp
s
s=1

But
pj 2

j + (1 zj )

z m m+1
= z pj 1 j j ,
j

m=0

since
pj 2

z m m
j =

m=0

1 (zj )pj 1
.
1 zj

So
p

wj0 (z) = z pj 1 j j exp

j 1
h pX
z m m i

m=1

where

= hj (z)wj (z),

z pj 1 j j
hj (z) :=
.
1 zj

Therefore,
" Z1
Epj (j ) = wj (1) = exp

#
hj (s)ds .

But
 Z1
 Z1


1
spj 1 ds



.
 hj (s) ds



|1 sj |
pj 1 (A)
0

Hence,
h
|j |pj i
|Epj (j )| exp
.
pj 1 (A)
This proves the required result.

288

Michael Gil

Now assume that, instead of (3.1), the condition (1.1) holds. Again take p1 =
. . . = p1 = 1. With the notation
1 (A) =

min

k=1,...,1

|1 k |

1

we have |E1 (j )| = |1 j | (1 (A))1/(1) (j 1) and

|det() (I A)| =

|Epj (j )| 1 (A)

j=1

|Epj (j )|.

j=

By Lemma 3.1,
#

1 X |k |pk
,
|Epj (j )| exp
(A) k= pk
j=

"

where (A) := inf j=,+1,...;s[0,1] |1 sj |.

We thus have proved the following result.
Lemma 3.2. Let A be a compact operator, such that conditions (1.3) and (3.2) are
fulfilled. Then
"
#

1 X |k |pk
|det() (I A)| 1 (A) exp
.
(A) k= pk
Lemma 2.1 and the previous one imply our next result.
Theorem 3.3. Let conditions (1.1)(1.3) be fulfilled. Then
#
"
() (A/c)
.
|det (I A)| 1 (A) exp
(1 c) (A)

4. PROOF OF LEMMA 2.2

Put bp =

Pp

1
k=2 k .

We begin with the following result.

Lemma 4.1. For any integer p 2 and all z C, we have the inequality
"
#
!
p1 p
ebp
exp
r 1 , r = |z|.
|Ep (z)| 1 +
p1
p
Proof. Clearly,
"
Ep0 (z)

1 + (1 z)

p2
X
m=0

#
z

#
p1 m
X
z
exp
.
m
m=1
"

Inequalities for regularized determinants of operators with the Nakano type modulars 289

But 1 + (1 z)

Pp2

m=0

z m = z p1 . So
Ep0 (z) = z p1 exp

X
p1 m 
z
.
m
m=1

With z = reit and a fixed t we obtain

X
p1 m 
d|Ep (z)|
r
|Ep0 (z)| rp1 exp
.
dr
m
m=1

(4.1)

p1 m
X
r
p1 p

r + bp .
m
p
m=1

(4.2)

Let us check that

To this end note that by the classical Young inequality we have x xs /s + (s 1)/s
(x > 0, s > 1). Hence taking s = p/m, we get,
p1  p
p1 m
X
X
p m
r
r

+
.
m
p
pm
m=1
m=1

But

p1
p1
p1
X
X
X
1
p1
1
1
pm
=

=
1 + = bp .
pm
m
p
m
p
m=1
m=1
m=1

Hence (4.2) follows. Let us point to another proof of (4.2). Put

h(r) =
Since
0

h (r) =

p1 m
X
r
(p 1)rp

.
m
p
m=1
p1
X

rm1 (p 1)rp ,

m=1

we have h0 (1) = 0. Since the maximum of h(r) is unique, and

h(1) =
and

p1
X
1
p1

= bp
m
p
m=1

p1 m
X
(p 1)rp
(p 1)rp
r
= h(r) +
bp +
,
m
p
p
m=1

we obtain (4.2). So by (4.1),

inequality implies

d|Ep (z)|
dr

|Ep (z)| 1 + e

bp

p
rp1 exp [ p1
p r + bp ]. Since Ep (0) = 1, this

Zr
0

sp1 exp

hp 1
p

i
sp ds =

290

Michael Gil

ebp
=1+
p

Zr

exp

hp 1 i

hp 1 i
ebp 
exp
t dt = 1 +
rp 1 ,
p
p1
p

as claimed.
Lemma 4.2. For any integer p 2 and all z C, the inequality
hp 1 i
|Ep (z)| Cp exp
rp , r = |z|,
p
is true, where Cp = 1 for p 6= 3 and C3 = e5/6 21 1.
Proof. First note that
2

|(1 z)ez |2 = (1 2Re z + |z|2 )e2Re z e2Re z+|z| e2Re z = e|z| ,

z C,

and thus |E2 (z)| e 2 |z| . Furthermore, if ebp p 1, then the required result follows
from the previous lemma. We have eb4 = e13/12 3 and eb5 = e77/60 4. Clearly,
p

bp =

1 X1
1
+
+
2
k
2
k=3

Z
2

p
dt
1
= + ln
.
t
2
2

Therefore, for p 6,
ebp

1
p
3
e1/2
e1/2 1.
p1
2(p 1)
5

This proves the lemma.

Proof of Lemma 2.2. Clearly |E1 (z)| = |1 z| e|z| . Consider the function f3 (r) =
2
r + r2 r3 . Its maximum is attained at
p
r0 = 1/6 + 1/36 + 1/3 0.7676.
So f3 (r0 ) = r0 +
Thus by (4.1),

r02
2

r03 0.69 ln 2. Consequently, r + r2 = f3 (r) + r3 ln 2 + r3 .

"
#
d|E3 (z)|
r2
2
r exp r +
2r2 exp [r3 ].
dr
2

Hence, |E3 (z)| exp [r3 ]. Now the previous lemma yields the required result.

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Michael Gil
gilmi@bezeqint.net
Ben Gurion University of the Negev
Department of Mathematics
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel

Received: November 12, 2012.

Revised: December 11, 2012.
Accepted: December 12, 2012.