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Roman
the Later
Epic
Dissertation
907
BALTIMORE
J.
H.
FURST COMPANY
1909
Roman
in
Epic
HHssertatfon
1907
BALTIMORE
J.
H.
FURST COMPANY
1909
\
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
5_o
Introduction
Number
Roman
Epics
G-S
of Speeches
Average Length
of Speeches
8-0
9-10
Roman
11-13
Epics
13-15
15-16
Speakers in Epic
10
Gods
16-17
among
Characters
17-18
as Speakers in Epic
Amount
of
20-23
23-26
Speech-scenes
20-30
Points of Technique
a;
30-3S
30-30
30-32
2.
Stag( -directions
3!
<.
to
''
to the
'arenthetic
ad Claudian
[mmediatel
III.
Monologue
in the
Later Epic
Summary
Person A
Other References
i-'
the Speaker
!'
/'.
1.
".
II.
Parenthetic Expressions
I.
Speecbe
itive
in Dialogue
86
8<
87-88
88
18
48
11
I!
16
ROMAN
The
THE LATER
EPIC.
monograph by G.
recent
IN
1
TV. Elderkin, dealing chiefly
-with
on the Latin
Roman
see
how
making
and
at the
above, similar
cited
little
work
later period to
they differ
far
this
to that
but
movement of
the hope of
lines
is,
epic in
its
to
It
side.
poem
in
X^ It is obvious that in the Latin epic one has to deal with a class
of poems all of which belong to the same general period ; no great
dissimilarity
in
Homer from
and
to
is
it
those
attributes
fundamental
this
communaute' du genre
d'Homere,
Virgile
which
characteristics
se
"En
et
somme,
les
primitives.''
Vergil
;ir<'
all
ili"
the
largely
art
Vergil's
de limitation,
la
difference
Beparenf
generale de
et
Roman
epics
from
time
the
of
may
'Etudes Bar
is
Lnoe Patin'
([Although
les
dans
resumenf
Pa tin
that
distinguish
rapports
difference
fact,
Poe" ie
tin*
however, d
i,
p.
-"''>.
It
ia
i"
be borne in mind
th<
epic be
been considerably]
force of
connection.
lined;
in
this
Aspects of
expect
t<>
find
Speech
i/ic
much
interwoven, 1
with
that
and
departments as
two
mythological
the
epics of
Lucan
Clandian also
Siliua Italicus;
these
in
comparing the
Ionium Epic.
the later
well
as
invectives
the
in
and
panegyrics. 2
As regards
have
to
The
investigation of
much
in the
results
useful in the
chapter on
way of norms of
comparison.
first
statistical side
us
let
now
up the
take
M. Schneidewin
The fragments
of
Roman
epic.
is,
the
little
T. P. A. P. A.,
7
In this investigation the following editions (Teubner text) have been used
(1875)
Statins, Th.,
Bauer (1890)
It is to
the case,
Kohhnann (1884)
Koch (1893).
is
Silius Italicus,
Claudian,
would
dill'er
to be given here.
lieszuHomerosund Vergilius, N. J. f. Ph., 1884, 1, 129 ff. Schneidewin does not vouch for the accuracy of the figures for Vergil " Die Vergilischen
zahlen, welche einige fleiszige obersecundaner fur mich zusammenzustellen die
:
gefalligkeit
gehabt haben,
jedodb
gesamtresultat
daa
nicht in
amount of speech
Iliad and Odyssey,
Roman
the later
Homer and
in
38 per
Roman
the later
in
Vergil
50
Epic.
In examining
mean speech-making, and is met by the surmarked tendency which Vergil shows, in
comparison with Homer, to restrict the use of direct speech has
not
necessarily
been inherited by the later epic poets, who, with the exception
of Statins
the Achilleid
in
more conservative
are even
and Claudian
in the historical
amount of speech
the
epics,
no case
in
Roman
epic,
however, shows
the
Greek, 2 for no
author departs more than 8 per cent, from the practice of Vergil./
Of
the
devoted to speech.
2586
speech,
verses
in
8060.
increase
slight
in
seen
is
still
10868
455
Of
verses.
per
(40
verses, of
is
ceDt.) are
The Thebaid
speech.
contains
!7 11
The
L2202
its
found
\b
historical
investigation
invectives,
epics,
[30 per
-Jin:;
ili.it
From an
verses.
mythological and
cent.) of
the
Claudian's
of
and panegyrics
8050
it
verses in the
the whole
enoee
in
(in, vii
..I*
l>e
for
book
rding to
'
ni
Elderkin, op.
cit.,
p.
6.
and second
the Bpeech
of
h tva
tfa
d. Heinze,
.
te.
first
2,
should be
w.
(Note
tables).
These
given as 8862
within which
ill
in the
is
the
various
ks
ends bav<
of the Aeneid
historical
direcl
to
IV
onfinished epic,
Gigantomachia.
Bpeech.
">">'
in
employs 41
Clandian
7:1
per
The
speech.
cent,
Ixiil'mum
If the statistics be
speech.
Of
Bello Gildonico
It!
lioman Epic.
the later
in
found
in
3612
the
In
invectives,
31
further decrease
and
direct speech or
22
per cent.
Again
a departure
the
for,
may
be seen in
as does Vergily
-).
120 speeches
67
in
(1
(1 in
30
verses).
in
248
35
Thebaid
in the
verses).
The 12202
speeches (1 in 41 verses).
quently in Claudian
102 speeches
(1 in
direct discourse
(1
in
48
is
verses).
(1 in
39 verses); 32
(1
in
in
39
less fre-
still
79 verses).
In the mythological
epics,
where
(1
in the Achilleid
is
seen in
the
(1
The
69 verses).
in
panegyrics
with
29
speeches
25 verses).
This decrease
in
and
in the
number of
which the later epic for the most part shows, indicates a
i
'<['
the
conversational
element in
keeping with
the
Pass-
Roman
Epic.
of dilettanti.
tendency
fact, this
is
Vergil
in
10. 1G vv.
in the
that
Lucan (21.55
the speech in
Vergil."] Statius
in
The length of
almost
is
Italicus
the speech in
is
poets.
vv.)
vv.) the speeches are longer than in the mythological epics (17.27
vv.)
vv.).
It
also a
is
Italicus,
show an
poets
increase in the
many such
half as
in length.
verses
and
speech
the
is
greater
more frequently.
Bpeech
Of
these excep-
poem
the entire
h
v.
319 64;
vi,
in
624.
in
i,
777-820;
.
type
Lur-aii
L104
L064
1,
:,: ;i
Cf.
also
tn,
377-416,
Roman
epic);
a, 96-167); Silk
to
i,
(i,
ii!,307-65j
i,
in
Of the 6 speeches of
851-421;
657-672
18 (n, 27!
i
is
649-89;
138 B4;
v.,
instances
-'.:.
x, 194-381, 353-98).
is
offers
-J1-J--
v,
vm,
0-74
this
i\.
vn, 35-77.
471-518;
v,
49
in
the Panics
avoid
long uninterrupted
pe<
600
ch of 400 odd
mil
<<
86 81, 528 61
m\ Con
Hon.
this
of
In
in
'_'
10
Roman
the Inter
in
Epic.
The
161, ipse
Goth.
B.
Roman
speech in the
shortest
No
venit.
consumimus.
Vii,
Lucan
limit for
Herceas
ix, 979,
in
speech in Vergil
non
shorter than
is
Four words
vi, 29.
ness
The
found
Of
is
It
that of the
fall
The
674-5
Flaccus's foud-
for
the
respicis aras?
and
is
The Punica
.
contains
Latonia, coeptis.
vi,
n, 322
are seven in Vergil (i, 437
v, 166
620 ispcech within speech); x, 481, 737; XII, 296), five in
Valerius Flaccus (in, 45, 475
IV, 387 (speech within speech)
above,
vir,
352 (the longest speech in Claudian), 370-418: vi Cons. Hon. 274-319, 361125,
127-93; Cons.
n,
Stil.
In
Eutrop.
557
v, 4iliL
vn, 137
-
391-513
Lucan, n, 68
Cf.
ff.
i.
196-259).
ff.
ff.
vin, 116
ff.
593
iv,
vn, 294
ff.
xi,
'iv.
cit., p.
7-8.
440
lias
vm, 463
I,
Th.
iv. 804,
118
fit.
ff.,
Stat.
Th.
29911., 432
i,
ff.
ff.
outcries
v.
440.
645,
cf.
be noted here are those speeches approaching this limit, though beginning
Lucan
36
xill,
111 considered
To
''
ff.
ff.
ff.
x,
x, 194
61.
(Th.
ff.
Ach. n, 96
>v.
399-400; Val.
v.
verses.
615-6, 637-8
Fl. v, -212-3;
172-:;; Sil.
It.
vi,
much
shorter than
373-4
xii, 168-9.
Stat.
Th.
v,
As
epics.
intensity in dramatic
having
yet this
interest;
in
is
it
than another
and
11
the
to
different
Roman Epic
in the list
which there
in
In the
book
in
employed.
freely
is
found
the
is
Book rv with
respectively.
per cent,
4!)
is
next in order
monotony
made of
this highly
Vergil's desire to
relieve the
in
direct speech in
book
it is
in
may
In no other
(vv.
to
an armor-bearer
OUtery
(v.
the
<1
),
victor's
3teed
lii-
597-
the dead
Again
vv. 861-6).
in
hero's address
cent.), con-
some other
in
speech
th
is
of
direct
parts
of the poem
higher.
6.80
is
verses.
The
lowesl
and the smallest number of speeches (17) are found in book vu,
where
more
than
2<>d
The
extend
iven
verse
to
up
to
describing the
foi
percentages of speech
from
18
in
(ni) to 52 (n).
The number of
long
pi
12
Aspect* of
Speech
I hi-
Roman
the later
in
Epic.
rather than the frequency with which the speech occurs, accounts
for the
chiefly
of the twelve
vi
with 51
ii,
In
book
442
lias
verses.
is less
three
book
55
x;
The
is
is
the
the
command of
Jupiter, the
contest
Book
aid Jason.
final decision to
is
(15)
is
Medea and
in
book vi,
and Perses,
forces of Aeetes
after
of the battle.
fifth
in (50 per
cent.),
it
is
inferior to
book
to the motivation of
poem with
news of Tydeus's
Mars to carry on the war, the meeting of the Argive council, the
omens observed by the seers Melampus and Amphiaraus, and
Adrastus's
of speech (48)
'.tint-
appeal of Argia.
response to the
is
also
employed
in
book
A
I,
murmurs of
with Adrastus.
of the
story
is
reached
in
the
encounter of the
power.
two
The amount of
in
For
Eteocles.
the later
is
Roman
list
books descrip-
tive of fighting,
13
Epic.
speech and
cent,
verses.
In the account of
the funeral games in book vr, the lowest percentage of speech (11)
used.
In the Achilleid 80 per cent, of book n is direct speech,
33 per cent, of book i.
In the Puuica, book VI has the highest percentage of speech
is
Of
(G9).
716
its
with Mania's
verses,
recital
first
Punic war
it
22 verses.
2
world, dialogue plays an important role.
its
With
lias
where there
i,
no case of
is
found
is
in the
Laus Serenae,
the highest
The
and
in the invectives
in
following tables.
St ati us.
Vebgil.
Thebaid.
.357
.7 11
IV .191
IX .326
in
..Mi:;
IX
309
VIII .469
x .312
183
VIII
_'!l!l
VI ,539
XI
r
.1
.1
10
ii
VII
.J
ige in
15
'
book
vi.
XI .468
.297
V .273
in .397
''f.
ii
catalogue
3 2
II
.117
IV .319
VI
II
cf.
>' o
Val. PI. v
297
'J
72
l<)
the
in
Roman
the later
Lucan.
11
.52
Achilleid.
.259
..".07
vir .236
X .403
IV .222
V .366
VI .218
IN .316
in .184
VIII
Epic.
ii
.802
Silius Italicus.
vi .687
ii
iv .465
.344
153
.300
ii
.268
v .40]
vi .151
viii .373
xi .481
Valerius Flaccus.
vn
.353
vm
.317
.229
xii .225
m .317
xv
.267
ix .266
Kill .558
vii
.334
.193
iv .183
.311
.182
xiv .026
xvi .309
xvii .284
Claudia x.
Mythological epics.
Historical epics.
R. P. in .565
B. Gild .751
B. Goth .223
ii
ii
.315
.307
In Eutrop.
ii
.212
Giiran .273
Panegyric*.
Invectives.
In Ruf.
.269
.306
VI
.309
.294
in
.118
Cons.
Stil.
ii
.282
in .032
i
.000
statistical
epic follows.
summary of
Roman
Roman
of verse*
in Epic.
Lucan
9741
1127
455
40
31
8050
3759
2403
539
419
619
46
Tli
':in
Hist.
Myth,
117:;
epics..
2029
ives...
30
of
Length of
Occurrence.
Speech.
for
248
39
u.u
35
14.22
41
17
26
3
::l
Speech.
Shortest
Speech.
L2.57
::*
23.56
'
69
31.71
17.27
"
68
125
L03 w.'
over
40 vv.
words.
words.
5 words.
3 words.
13
"
7'J
"
176
'
words.
::
::
100
(?).
words.
words.
:'.
'J
18
17
"
..i
123
"
"
27. to
Number
-1
72 "
"
"
'
is
22
Panegyrics...
30 VV. 1 1.35 w.
'
67
21.55
30
10.16 "
39
14.42
299
102
-dlins
331
120
1SS
2S0
38
32
34
37
3757
2586
1911
4037
Frequency
of
of
Speech. Speeches.
of
Speech.
9896
8060
Number
Number
Vergil
15
Epic.
later
Lucan
in
nine
(3 to 11 vv.), four" in
in Statins (2
10
two
vv.),
','',
"'
37
to
Claudian (2
in
Valerius Flaccus
vv.), eleven
to
As
5 vv.).
it
i>>
vv.).
Etalicus (2
to
indicative of the
worthy
is
(1
Silius
in
<;'
note that
28
146-7 and xn, 801-2, transpose! by Ribbeck, have !>< en read after vv. 145
In hooks n and in, only i!m< r speeches occurring within
Lvely.
ix,
and 80
axrative ha
'Parentl
in
reckoning the
: '-
total
number
Verses removed from the text of the Thebaid and Achilleid by Evohlmann am!
Th.
446.
-6
vu, \^\ 7;
vin,
H'J.
399,
'.;.
646 9
rv,
Tin,
;.;
'
iv,
Th.
::7i
-I.
d by Baehrens.
r.
643
191-2
"in. 676
'.M,
61
vui,
557
Vahlen.)
v,
9;
th
Ennius, Ann. 46
11';
re tored,
iv, 716,
all
v,
104-42
within
700-12
vi,
tuded within
Bypsipyle'i
242
7.
137
narrative
th.'
206
II
62, 7i
7.
\.
19,
precedii
;
m,
i\,
IK
1
:
16
Roman
Epic.
(76 per oent.)of the 37 cases cited occur within speeches 40 verses
or more in length.
[The
speakers
confined
A.rgonauticaj
ooronatae
302
i,
where
11'.,
Jason in a dream,
to
of
figure-head
the
hewn from
carinae,
tutela
Dodona, speaks
fin
Roman
the
in
to
Argo,
the
^-i
addressed to either
In
met with.
monologue
651
iv,
ff.
Dido
words of her
to the
Venus
(vi,
urges the Trojan ships to leave the shores as goddesses of the seal
(ix, 116-7).
tius,
in x,
676
in x,
adsiut
So Turnus,
" Sed
in
Nunc
upon
his
861-6, Heyne,
humanae
naturae
spear
et
Mezen-
ff.
arm and
h.
1.,
justifies in these
words
cum iis ipsis animantibus, quibus diu adsuevimus, tamfamiliaribus et sodalibus agamus et confabulemur.
cum
quam
Xou vero pro epici carminis dignitate nimis humile hoc videri
In Mezentio accommodatum erat
debet in equo bellatore.
commeutum, quia mox equi vulnere ipsi sessori caedes paratur."
esse, ut
In xii, 872
ff.
Of
are those
men.
speeches to the
(vii,
of Hopleus's
The
The
addressed to
is
form of an owl.
547-8),
Argo
and
either gods or
bulls
in the
-p<i
i!i
tn
(iv,
335-6), the
fire-breathing
dragon
Homer and
the
the horse of
Tydeus
in
ff.
vn, 547.
last
in
Roman
17
Epic.
arm
his right
Tn
in
Te
superum
To the serpent sacred to Jupiter, the same
contemptor adoro.
In the Punica there
hero speaks words of scorn in Th. V, 565 ff.
XVI, 389 ff.,
occur three speeches addressed to horses (iv, 2G5 ff.
praesens bellis et inevitabile nurnen,
voco, te solam
4'2(j if.)
exclamation
in
II,
455, Heu quantum Ausonio
and the prayers of Sabratha (xiv, 440-1)
Compare
also the
words of Scipio's
xvu,
in
of exhortation
Hannibal's
way
in Claudian
command
Titan's
is
Stil.
to the
golden years,
soldiers
Noteworthy
rutili
grex
n, 450). 1
poems is
by the frequency with which they
2
Of the 331 speeches in the Aeneid, for
appear as speakers.
example, 70, or 21 per cent., are assigned to Aeneas, 29 to Turf_The prominence of the
to Anchises,
and 13
1;
witli
(8),
latter
book v
"t"
and
lead with 24
-I
the
For
tli>'
Kl.
t_\
pe
;
.
i:.
'
Th.
tv,
I'.
:.
i.
:i-
ff.
so
to
Bannibal,
Bame
the
assigns to
relative
v, 6
198 Iocladed.
important
Dumber of
mosl
th.'
respectively?]
:'
202 3;
7,
practically
Vergil
;i-
'
Cato
speeches,
Punica,
1
VaL
to the
[talicu
Siliufl
in
(16),
Achilleid
figure
Pompey
large a percentage to
the
followed by
In
24.
Thetis.
is
often than
beginning
(5).
to Dido.
nii-.
I6ff. Included.
f.
\'.
BiL
rgil
in,
ft.
m,
39
it.
688ff.
18
maior
l>i'
nexl
is
the later
in
No
in
Roman Epic
motivating
force, the
epic.
says
as a
in the
"The
tir-;
diately
the
reading-
after
machinery,' consisting
Olympian gods
most
in
Iliad,
a great
that
is
in
imitative
closer examination of
more conspicuous
supernatural
the
its
in
figures of the
But a
the poem.
among
the greater
and
Venus
(13),
inferior
Neptune
agencies, 3
Faunus (vu, 96
(2),
Apollo
Vulcan
Juturna (xn,
ff.)
(2),
and Diana
229
ff.,
625
Mercury
(2),
Of
the
(1).
ff.,
872
ff.)
and
Trojan
speeches in the
['I),
ile
to
The
lesser divinities
Aeneid assigned
the
is
ff.)
421
ff.,
452
ff.,
545
and the
ff.)
witnesses, respectively,
as
to
the
ami
ill"
to
home,
and
state.
roll.
That
him
to
<^^\<
the
Pharsalia 4
in
"Stellung
speakers
are
entirely
absent
from
Age
kommt
Virgil, 3d
nicht viel
mehr
ed., p. 3(55.
sf
<*
*
afc.
n.
;T.,
the
nu."
i
as
is
.11..
pp. 367
ff.
als
Chronik heraus
eine versifizierte
geriit
rischen Bewusstsein
der Zeit.
oder
das Reich
sie beschreitct
iu
sie
19
Nur wenn
der
Dichter
histo-
die
in
dammernde Welt der Sage sieli versenkt, 1st sein Geist fur
Lucan bewegt sich auf dem historischen
poetisches Schaffen frei.
Boden, gibt also eine in Versen gebrachte Geschichte, er verdas
schmaht sogar den herkommlichen mythologischen Apparal
In this manner
Fatum 1st das Lenkende nnd Bestimmende."
;
'
could aid
failure."
64 of the speeches
in the
a return
that
the Thebaid)
and
To
greater
the
Jupiter
Minerva
4, 1, 2
Mercury
Pluto
1;
may
follows:
2;
1,
0.
one may
cite
8,
5,
10; Juno
Apollo 5
0, 0,
(>,
agents
deities
The
Statins (in
11
and 44 speeches,
case.
of 188.
total
2, 3, 1
Iris 0, 1,
As
Diana
11
3,
9,
0; Neptune
0, 3,
be
in
indicated as
Venus 7,
0; Mars 2,
2, 0,
the
distribu-
Bacchus
2,
3,
0,
3;
1
1.
idle from
Valerius
One
the
\.~
who deliver
l
:i
8,
in,
or
':!
I.
<
..
In the Achilleid
N.plunc
''I'll,
I.
v,
I'
1,
'
8]
hinm
i,
p.
ee
to
rapernatun
I.
2*, 2. aufl.,
p.
\\
36611. included.
che
in
20
in
Roman
the later
Epic.
partments considered. 1
tin-
it
shows a
much
less
further decline.
still
this
decrease in
due both
to
used.
An
shows that
It
is
ff.,
ployed, an-
i,
at the
banquet in Carthage;
iv,
The number
is
"Lin
each
ami Pluto
as follows:
- each
Justice 2
id
I.
tters in
Gildereleeve-Lodge, Latin
p.
is
ina,
''<
ra
i
assigned to
Ma
Cybele,
p.
Grammar, 3d
236.
ed., 649, n. 1
Elderkin, op.
31.
-
inual/, Lateinische
(irammatik,
3. aufl., p.
298.
eit.
Roman
An
excellent
speech
is
21
Epic.
introduction of a collective
offered in n,
Trojans in regard to
ubi dicta dedit, after the passage of oratio obliqua in vn, 4(58-70.
With
The
than Vergil.
even
is
sa
L<
Pharsalia shows
Pompey
yiii,
in
the Argonautica
in
with
75 odd verses of
oratio obliqua.
many
cause of the
details of
indirectly in
Amazons
are related
132-9.
v,
The
to
perils
might
Jason,
to
The Thebaid,
As
65 verses of speech-material.
may
The
227-31J.
invitation
to
influence of Vergil
the discus-throw
in
moning
(v,
the contestants;
363-4)
followed.
is
Ilaee
in
i,
Graiae castris
'Op.
<'ii.,
pp.
in
The
best
475-81,
iteranl
Italieu-
Silius
'1.
vi,
is
i-
seen in
646-7.
direci
the
the
Only
924-8), and
enemy (vn,
form of the
the
in
speech used
in
sum-
in
traduntque
a
concluded
hut
(vi,
arrival of the
is
here again
of Achilles, a
return
poem of
Adrastus
to
announcement of the
the messenger's
Musi
to the
(vj,
oohortes.
versified
by the word
gh
Tl
history of the
of Livy,
it
the
Punic
yields do
22
amount of
great
oratio
obliqua;
200 odd
its
13554) the
case (xi,
verses
JO
ges
verses, however,
Roman
In one
epics.
many
this connection;
for instance,
Romans
the
at
as
comparison of several
Silius
in
Epic.
indirect
the
Roman
with
578-87
Livy,
xxvn,
the
40, 44).
xxix,
10, 11).
On
the other hand, the poet, in ix, 246-8, expresses in a few verses of
oratio obliqua the
which Livy
main thought
introduces
in the
as direct speech in
xxi, 43.
In like
Note
Silius's use
is
changed
form of conclusion, as
Iactarat talia, 182,
sion,
in Sil.
xiv, 294-7.
It.
in
iactant, or as a
Haec postquam
dicta.
The
XVII, 118,
familiar expres-
youth
in
xn, 556-7.
The
Roman
EC,
463-73.
for
anxius
In
(v.
all
152).
a- exemplified
song of the
Salii
in
Ed.
Sil. It.
in
least "lire
it
Talia
its
Aen.
750
i,
if.,
and the
exact
words. 2
on
v. 293.
As an
Roman
from the
illustration
Compare
668
ff.
also
R. P.
33
in,
462
xi,
ff.;
within
ff.,
ff.
It.
Sil.
375 ff.
xu,
n,
the Argonautica,
in
Stat.
Claud.
Lemnos
delay at
the
against
may
later epic,
23
Epic.
Jupiter's speech
to
the gods.
more
Homer,
Roman
is
room
Among
the
Roman
later
by way of
little
owing
illustration
The
to the
agency.
of divine
absence
and Quintus.
in the
Fama the
Lcmniaii women
131-2, gives
ii,
among
the
report which
to
goddess, with
the
Eurynome
Repetition 3
she
is
one
142-60, amplifying
in vv.
that
Bercules the
In IV, 38
Karns
first
spread
the voice of
command which
to
is
a
in
instructions
to
Mercury
to
ir
mil
Qui
tit,
delivered
ferat
Acaei
oratio
in
in
recta
w. 553 ff.
So
Juno ordered
Venus
i<
f.
to
the
ora
which, as stated in
i,
p,
243,
ii-
on
L86
''.
.".ol.
is
in
heard "f
thi
Pel
stated thai
(v.
L89)
by
and
(w. 39
task
i"
is
it
Argonauts
charge
nothing farther
w. 48S
v.
:i
grove mentioned
Beeka
the
t<>
ill"
is
Often messenger-scenes
iu vii,
bring Jasoo
II, in/,.,
Juno
to
immediately
-lie
returns
Iris
The message
tyranni.
sociis responsa
hi,
501-5.
i
After
Cf.
Lemaire,
Roman
24
Througb
the later
in
that
readiness to
Jason
in
vi.
17
as noted
if.,
form;
the indirect
appearance
Mars,
of
in
appears
it
Perses's message to
bulls.
prevented
is
on
bringing
vn, 544-5
to
another connection,
deliverance
its
Epic.
the
conflict.
is
given in
by the sudden
In I, 91-9
messengers.
Statins
In Th.
allowed.
is
I,
repetition of a
we
7 (succedit Laius)
in n, 2 (Iussa
learn
that
in
of direct
command
command
gerens remeat)
Mercury discharged
this
to be
and
duty
dom
against
1 1
brother.
speech.
6-30
his
not
is
In x,
iubet Irim ct
speech
senger's
to
omne Mandat opus (vv. 812). The mesSomnus is given directly in vv. 126-31.
form
There
in the direct
in
in v. 598.
is
ff.),
ff.),
the latter
An
investigation
discloses
ins
Si
I.
tli'-
an
of the
exceptional
messenger-scenes
in
Silius Italicus
nymph Anna
icles.
.-pints
'Though Maeon
to revive
Roman
his
Other messenger-scenes
(vv. 233-41).
So from in,
briefer.
the essential
soldiers
168-9,
Jupiter had
that
portabat
the
in
That
479,
Quae postquam
in
direct
conveyed
Iris
iussa
Mercury
Hannibal
by
in
much
despatched
to
who,
leader,
Cyllenius
vv.
25
Epic.
indicated
is
In
state that
Rome
Lentulus bore to
com-
the
Opportunities
speech
for
are
again
offered
is
with
In
contempt.
the limitation
of direct
descriptive of
political
speech in
those scenes
carrying out
Sicoris,
Roman
-.ni
Hannibal
to
oracle
In
in
the
inscription.
In
Hammon
Romans
-cud ambassadors
demands
all
Thi
of the resull
bl
mand
borne
upon
Hannibal, who,
to
iil<
carried oul by
leader In
v.
In
Hannibal.
to the
'
tl"'
v.
178
261,
'
PRO!
pendunl
anna
pngnam.
in
i\,
vetantia
recta
this mission
VARRO.
With
first
:t ii
ambassador
Saguntum's
reported.
is
6914
i,
is
in.
of Jupiter
in
is
oratio
in
senate.
Punica
tin'
Exceptional
embassies.
be
the
in
Decius
to
may
connection
this
xi,
in
m,
inscriptions in
Luc. n, 848-4
\m.
798
Soman
Claud,
B.
epic, cf
Goth. 64
BiL
It.
vr,
192;
i2 1>
In
obliqua.
iv,
Roman
Epic.
Hannibal
is
the later
in
dictis,
informed
oi'
Paouvius, given
Rome;
to
Consults
30 we
in
that
learn
in vv.
In only one
of
the
is
Mercury
I,
R. P.
in
CyUenius
in
messenger-scenes
three
In the
ales.
direct
Claudian's
in
summons
Pluto
speech employed.
adstitit
was com-
senate
indirect
172-81.
in vv.
direct
command
he gives the
In the
Hannibal
to
mythological epics
Roman
reply of the
the
Capuans.
to the
Carthaginians' message
acciri.
message
et
municated
advice of
of his son.
Imperat
From
118, Audierat mandata Pater.
Iamque viam Pluto supcras molitur ad auras Germaui monitu, one assumes that Mercury returned with a reply.
In R. P. in, 1 if. and Gigan. 42 ff. Iris, in summoning the gods,
Jupiter, as stated in v.
vv. 2789,
appears as Jupiter's
[A
Homer
by Heinze, 3
that
in
in
It
is
Xec
891-907.
mitiget iras
mx
In
Tli. ix,
The conserva-
is
cf.
narrower bounds,
a given scene.
amount of
restrict the
to
is,
the
is
It.
ix,
474-8:
die, Pallas
speret fixas
instances
471, 551
Claud. E.
Gigan. 42), while she appears as Juno's agent in but four (Vergil, v,
606 ix, 2 (iv, 694 not included); Val. Fl. vn, 186 Stat. Th. x, 81).
"Op, lit., pp. 397-8. To the two instances of Vergil's use of the dialogue of
P. in,
-.
in x,
cited at this
607 ff.
place,
Roman
two instances
27
Epic.
1.
is
a given
in
Like
scene.
be seen
In
of
limitation
this
dialogue
the
Claudian
ft'.;
ff.
ff.),
in
shows a near
speaker to
first
In Ruf. n, 206
B. Gild. 28
231
ii,
Rome
implore
Gaul,
Spain,
ff.
471
first
ff.
145
This limit
ff.).
In v, 578
cases.
to
282
in
and Oenotria
Africa,
Brittany,
ff.,
exceeded, however,
is
In
part.
436
if.
217
11".
VII,
In
the
long
together
scene in
211
i,
ff.,
live
In
v,
only three
in
grouped.
the
after
of
prophecies
the
augurs
In
six
i,
in
v,
<>2
ff.
Jupiter ailences
do case
in
3peeches,aa
which the
in
Statius
firsl
is
dispute
the
between
The
Venus
in
i,
21
in
ff.,
557
ff.;
u,
393
is
ff.;
As many as
the scenes between Manto and
Ach. [,775ff.j
of
Vergil,
607ff.; x,423ff.;
Tired,-,-
[i,32ff.).
Antigone
and
Phorbae
the
III,
and .Minerva.
321-409.
m,
Jupiter
ff.
ff.
speakers
in
Th.
ff.).
(Th.
vn. 247
Statiut
xi, 242ff.
ff.),
and
Antigone and
number
28
in
the later
Roman
Epic.
In
from
Again,
Eteocles.
protest
660
V,
Amphiaraus
first
IV.,
animated reply
closes with an
in
Lycurgus's
against
Th.
in
hesitation,
together, then
threat
upon the
life
of Hypsipyle
438
IV.
'
152
II,
IV.,
IV.
nr,
348
With
ff.
where Capaneus
these instances
I,
compare
remonstrances of
replies to the
to Creon,
who speaks
is
ff.
Oedipus responds
in
Ach.
i,
It
426
ff.
vm,
IV.;
81
xvii,
ff.
ix, 111
344 ff.).
ff.
2
;
poem
(in, 69
497
ff.,
ff.,
VII,
781
ff.,
So in ix, 527
fate
ff.
Minerva, Juno,
Capua'e demand.
'Here Adrastus
is
given
Again,
a
in
xi,
502
ff.,
Polyni
H(
re
gue of five
v.
Roman
Epic.
"J.v
Elsewhere
senate.
speakers
three
in
10(3
I,
figure,
are
and
in
ff.,
is
670
v,
employment of various
Inter-
sometimes allowed, as
and Juno; or
in
ff.,
night bring
an end
to
Amphiaraus.
Again,
Antigone about
discussion
the
Th.
in
404
XII,
Menoetes
ff.,
forestalls
to
Argia.
(v.
the
if.,
is
669
shown by
clearly
to
2
ff.
epic, as in Vergil,
means
Hamilcar,
conference with
Scipio's
That
which
PA
indication
further
length of
with
the pilot
PharsaliayVin,
the
object
instances
ferant
1(17
of
xii,
mission
simple address
5
may
be seen in
167-8, rogitant
v,
Fl.
11-.",,
In
tin'
Pompey's conference
and reply in the
oratio obliqua
11'.;
one's
Val.
Stat.
Ediditj
limited to
is
viae
in
the
inquiring
following
aomenque rogatus
'27
IT.
and
vm,
77
ff.
oppor-
number of speeches
Again,
ctively.
7"i7
ipio
tin(T.
i-
Bcene
in
the
given
ih.
thi
iili
"l
len. u,
Hei
die
world (xiii),
Lower
9inon's conference w
Cf Hei
the
in
in
Anna,
fl.)
op. cit. ,
80
Aspects of
Speech
tin-
in
the later
Roman Epic
ff.,
In
speech.
Pharsalia,
the
verses;
Pompeius
123
ix,
in
is
Valerius
is
and Sex.
Cn.
In
166).
(v.
the
Argonautica,
with
Hercules;
again,
in
570
v,
557
it,
<1.
ii,
and Polynices
is
scene
the
ff.,
between
In the
Tydeus
to the appeals of
Note the
in Sil. It. x,
for
ff.
Laomcdon's
in
his
to
between
avoids
conversation
dialogue
replies
iram
compescuit
Pompey
ff.
whose speech
the
ff.
319
VI,
speech
restric-
372
ff.,
taken
is
II,
;Y.
/at has been seen above that the largest number of speakers
often found in the meetings of senates or councils;
is
So
in
the
should be
left
only three of the speeches are given in the direct form, though
four other opportunities for speech are oiferedlat vv. 614, 629,
The
363
ff.;
vill,
275
11'.)
261
are
ff.)
without
to
recta.
(Stat.
[Of
oratio
is
Th.
the
II,
gods
and Aro-os
67211'.,
i,
where
and phrase,
Enninfl places the verb fatur within the speech in Ann. 360 (Vahlen).
Roman
more
In addition
colloquial in tone.
31
Epic.
less
formal and
purpose to the verb of saying was inserted within the body of the
speech."]
The
extension
first
is
xiii,
It.
phrases appear
Tiphys
x,
hortatur
expression
is
Additional
in
Stat.
268,
Val.
Stat.
iam
clara
voce
still
To be noted
vi.
refert;
parenthetic
7i:.">,
Suscipit
Virgo
The
sacerdos.
in
is
cas<
indicated before the speaker continues; viz., vi, 6289, ETaec ubi
dicta dedit Phoebi longacva sacerdos, u Sed iam age
8545, Sic
;
pater
"Aspice.
In one
Immo "
cf.
XI,
459-60
parts
ait
"Cogite concilium
Silius
[talicus,
"Non
lie
IS]:
rerborum,"
This tendency
I
in ix,
i-
inquit,
"stimulantum," Poenu
more aoticeable
may
be cited
'
ticam "
nit
" ac
Mo]
tfl
i
ra tiii-ns
" aon
si
labemqne
mortalia
" ondiqufl
."7I.
'I".
memb
in,
[ovii
:..
"pn
'Cf.
Withofa punctuation
<-f
SiL
Ii.
nix,
<-iis
in
:
ii,
'
0.
:.
:V2
Roman
Epic.
vn, 257-9
Atque
"Cum
The
attolle
levis
may
"
!
parenthetic use of a
166-7
in
more varied
Com-
usage.
ait,
iv, 674-5.
"Ergo nee
Mars saevus ab
"Hostis io," conclamat equis "agite
ite,
altis
propinquat,"
vi, 28-9.
The
connective que
is
473-4
As a
still
use of inter^ol
and
.-ie
n the
Roman
.a narrative as
speech in this
way
This practice
effectiveness.
Cf. also
337;
is
especially significant as
drama upon
and
it is
i.
)vi.l,
290 et
show-
Roman
epic
Roman
Met.
ix,
i,
n, 33, 642
in, 644
saepe.
the
vn, 120-1.
v, 195,
ii
vn, 660
(cf.
<
iv,
of rhetoric,
epic,
the
tions
is
employed
(cf.
n, 283
in, 562
v, 280,
282
Roman
literature,
many
33
Epic.
iu
These phrases,
raniurn
are
veste latebal
" Adgnoscas."
Aen.
Cum
106-7.
vi,
Hunc
ix, 249-5'J.
Th.
ix, 900-1.
316-S. 3
iv,
1
263
767-3
178
v.
195-6;
9,
iv, 7")7,
of Buch
\.
276
\i\',
'Closely
related
to
the
speaker.
The Aeneid
the
is
in
to
It.
Btat.
is
(m, 634-5
Th.
the
7,
I
I
v,
565
6,
in
Val. Fl.
Clamat, El trabe
parenthesis
words or
a
Th.
as
Btate of
means <>f
mind .if the
:>
parenthesis in
It.
Latinus' s
am
xm,
of time
rub
elapsi
have been
more latitude ha
.
allowed where the narrative describes action which breaki Into the speech,
m,
19
7\
in
'I'll,
forte
xvi. 342
also ra,
Btat.
tela
77
\iv, 37-8).
en, 206
where
understand
Numquam fronde."
I
mi, 227-8
CoviB
Sil.
above
reader better
135,
enabling
addn
ff.,
3G1
II,
:..
657
re
in
34
Dido's
action
monologue
is
the later
in
Unman
Epic.
Felix, lieu
minium
felix, si litora
tantum
Numquam
Dixit et
In the Argonautica,
Jason
to
is
of Medea's speech
latter part
Titania iamque
his
in
vires
Solvite quaeso
Dividite, et
Quaerebat
sed cauta
Heu
maim
subtraxerat enses
Antigone.
Furiae,
num
totum
abiit in corpora
ferrum ?"
For other examples, cf. Val. Fl. I, 723-4; Stat, Th. vi, 173
x, 439-40
359-62 ix/73-4
xil, 92-3; Ach. I, 908
1
xm, 762.
Sil. It. xi, 532-G
The narrative is introduced within the speech not only to
vii,
over
in the
in Jason's
Argonautica, v, 54
ratis."
Haec
ff.
lament
ubi fatus,
Again,
<
in
the Aehilleid,
I,
785
ff.,
though addressed
is
employed
of address
"
12-4
(cf. it,
643-5 and
Stat.
to
denote a continuation
Th.
vm,
is
i,
561-2
change
is
twice broken
35
Epic.
into
Roman
the later
effect
of his
Cum
Atque
iterat
flectant,
(vv. 794-6).
Exisset
provida signo
stratis, ni
(vv. 802-7).
An
ff.
in the
An
tristia
vincla
'
speech a
new element
Compare
the Sibyl's
562
IV.
words addressed
Aeneas
to
Vergil, VI,
in
torvosquo sinistra
[ntentans anguis vocal agmina saeva sororum."
(Turn
demum
Panduntur
\'i
portae.
stibulo sedeat
(vv.
bows an
speech
within
advantage
of
instance of
speech
appearance
the
v,
of stage-directions
use
129
of the
mum
.-mi
the
in
fleet
promittil
'.'
distance
Agebat
"
Rapnil jai
a P0I3 ."
Lemnia classia erat.
1',
"Superiane vocantibuB
rtunam atqae iterat
%
Cf. Sil.
It.
>>-nm>i-
i-..
L65ff.
ecce rat
den
<f.
nltro
alaoTb.
in
ff.,
Lemnian women:
to the
in caedi
tot
Pluribna
tlii-
Th.
in
-">7l -."i).
BiL
it,
n, 512
to
;}(>
In the use of
the later
in
parenthetic expression
the
Thessala
ii< [ii it
Epio.
Roman
Lucan break
more than the simple verb, while
Oh
in
R. P.
Dux
127,
In
parenthetically, though
The
parenthesis
limiting
is
II,
ait.
used
totally
1
absent from the speeches of these two poets, a fact which, in the
criticism
of the formal
[That the
Roman
Greek custom
the verse, 3 has
epic
departed
in
"a
narrative."
In
this
respect
for,
the
later
epic
sharply defined
transition
from
may
R. P. m, 295 fl. and 312 ff., have been considered separate speeches
vening narrative in both cases serves as a reply to Ceres' s complaints.
2
1. c, p. lxx.
1
cf.
Ann.
45,
the inter-
111, 394
(Vahlen).
1
The same
liberty
is
allowed
in the use of
p.
135.
Roman
of
Speeches.
Valerius Flaccus
Silius Italicus
within the
No. ending
within the
within the
the Verse.
Verse.
Verse.
Verse.
25
35
36
45
41
38
81
24
61
21
43
25
29
331
120
188
280
299
102
Lucan 2
$ beginning
begin-
82
42
68
127
122
39
ff.
ix,
257
ff.
377 ff.
iv,
161
ff.;
536
iv,
(xin, 785
With
ff.
more
ff.),
within
occurs
ff.,
(in,
3
260
(i,
4
ff. ).
ff.
x, 431 ff. j
from the conventional method but twice
Claudian only once (R. P. in, 133 ff.).
663
ix,
874
ff.,
there
cited,
is
Greek epic is
wheo
It
74
30
all
465
L20
722
73
40
seen in the
of Lucau,
ending
ning within
No.
Number
37
Epic.
in
such
speech
the
an expression
as
The
(1. c.
),
Aeneid
for the
statistics
differ
L16;
vii.
615 6;
660;
i\,
333, 6731
x,
I
')
vm,
;
iti'.n
work was
Iff.
iii
iv, 6
iii-
is ,,,,!
direct
included
examine
in
i:;:; it.
this
monograph
Fan
form
in
nn,
218ff.
(cf.
w.
I,
p.
26, supra.).
IV,
t's list.
led as part
r-
m,
classified:
tion
viii,
it; it.
to
thian
as tlu>
of these
bad an opportunity
pn
a, 3, as well
by R. Faust, De Lucani
first
lull,,
at
vi, 620.
185.
ra detailed arrangement
writer
The
739-41.
737,
;
been regardi
The
slightly
to
sles
b.
of
Ampbia
38
161
iv,
The words,
Epic.
465.
Bil.
I,
Roman
It.
ff.
Valerius Flaccus
i,
Here
is
is
51
150
(i,
tune
(i,
(vi,
741
642
iv,
In
in Apollonius,
497
(vi,
ff.;
ff.).
iv,
ff.;
Hecate
ff.),
viii,
this respect
who
monologue
confines the
to
may be
phrases, as
talibus
111-2);
seen
set
Quos
Ingemit ac
tales
evolvit
pectore
quam
questus
117);
has imo
medio
sic fata
....
(iv,
talia fatur
(vn, 197)
haec
self,
as in
gemuit
I,
712
(viii,
ff.,
Hercules to Hylas
Pelias to Acastus
118
ff.,
Neptune
and Jason;
to
iv, 51
ff.,
Amycus; 704 ff., Jason to the sea; vi, 497 ff., Hecate to Medea;
vn, 198 ff., Medea to Jason (in part); 338 ff., Medea to Aeetes
and Circe (in part) viii, 10 ff., Medea to Aeetes.
The type of monologue which serves to portray the state of
;
mind of
the speaker in
'
definite situation
1.
c.
is
given a
much
Roman
Argonautica than
in the
the
is
39
Epic.
the Aeneid.
in
monologue of Pelias
in
I,
712
ft'.,
which led
the motive
son
his
to
enlist
of the
cause
the
in
parents of Jason.
her
ff.,
efforts against
resolves to
avail,
The monologues
band of Argonauts.
and Jupiter (vi, 624 ff.)
also
show
this
ff.)
Amycus
and Colaxes,
for
for the
latter
way
Aeson aud
respectively.
Medea
assist
the
Vet
Jason?
were
It
unknown
is
but
:i
Jason, only
to
her
spirited
leader
close
sight,
reply
Bed
she
intimates
with
sic
Beinze, op.
<T.
Siimrii.-i
it.
(.,. cil
,
of love as
in
t
ibit
has
ille
fortune
revisel
(w.
ad urbes?
16
'.'
J).
those allowed to
<>f
her desire
wish
89-100)
(vv.
little
half-hearted
thai
(v.
with
return
to
20).
he depart
s
Ji
the begin-
from
in
arrival.
if
Thus
first
nights
such sleepless
for
,,f
2
obtains the final mastery over her will.
to
'
'<'
" of
and
10
and
to
increase
tfie
in
Roman
later
fche
all
why
should
it
make
interest
concluded,
et
IT.)
Epic.
is
fate
is
This self-reproach
to justify
her commiugled feelings of pity and love for Jason through the
sister
in the
may
return to Greece,
and bearing no
ill
toward her
will
to
is
uppermost
in her
father.
effect
now
the
In the opening
mind.
alas
is
As
(v. 200).
ship
would that
if this inability to
How
his death.
one solace
is
fate,
when she
so
is
to
is
for
unable
deeply concerned?
Her
to
skillful
resist
the
in the
cause
of
her father.
her,
Here labores?
overcomes
nisi
in
Medea
loyalty, to
sister's
wife,
his rescue
to
nn moved by his
though unable
mother or
his
w ith
maiden, do but weep
come
to offer later
"Tune
Cum
sequeris"
tibi tot
the later
in
"quidquam
ait
Roman
41
Epic.
Effugia?"
(vv. 331-3).
How
triumphs.
give up
at
life
and
all the
as to forsake Jason,
course of action
fury of the fire-breathing bulls at the very outset, ere her heart
for
him
Te ducente
me grandaeva
sequor, tua
fatigant
(vv. 347-9).
Achilleid
among
together
th.'
624
i,
age of
;i
less freely
xir,
In
ff.).
20!)
the Thebaid
used;
(Ach.
is
offer
ff.),
Thetis (Ach.
introducing the
(i
Apollo
ff.),
31
i,
11".),
Achilles
ait
(Th.
xi,
165,
171; hi, 209; Ach. I, 31) or clamat (Th. in, 6) orinquit (Th.
ix, 713).
The phrase secum is employed in Th. vi, 372, and
Ach.
i,
624.
In
regard
to
monolog
in
example of
'If
of th-
to
whom
in the
of
to casl
so
be considered together,
Bntecheidungamonolog occurring
In the
in
an imaginary
on the
to
the Entscheidungs-
his
in
influence
short
the
in
Lrgonautica.
12
time that he
to live.
is
Epic.
The
ff.)
may
I,
monologue
31
Roman
the later
in
be cited
as
representative
if.)
of
Theban
for aid.
1
713
if.
her
Neptune
to appeal to
is
serving
ft'.),
prepare
to
approaching
the
for
death
of
Parthenopaeus.
Of
the fifteen
monologues
in the
Hannibal as follows:
vn, 147
xvn, 221
558
ff.,
260
ff.,
ff.),
ff.),
ff.,
ff.
606
421-2;
ix,
allotted to
497
XII,
ff.
ff.
Varro
ff.),
ff.),
(ix,
646
ff.),
(xvn,
(xv, 523
ff),
127
if.).
soldiers of Scipio
the
ff.),
super infrendens
class of
be
cited
by
way
of
illustration.
In
vn,
in a definite
ff.
Hannibal,
006
ff.,
ix,
375
ff.,
481
ff.,
in
intended that his words should be heard by others present, have not been in-
cluded here.
Roman
Fabius, wonders
if his
Roman
In ix, 646
leader.
him
Rome
221
43
Epic.
Varro's
ff.
to think of
In xvn,
in disgrace.
if.
Rome,
and accomplish
his purpose
war
in
From
been gathered
313
407
ff,
(Ceres)
ff".
of Constantinople);
In Eutrop.
ff.
(citizens
40(5),
(In
Ruf.
In R. P. in, 313
ff.
intro-
In
11),
II,
Cons.
fatur (vi
the
in
As forms of
(Alaric)).
Pallas)),
i,
if.
ff.
(Rufinus), 88
27:;) :m d
Gigan. 98
ff.
Hon.
Ruf. n,
ff.
In Eutrop. [,3734 no introductory form Is employed.
For the type of monologue addressed to an imaginary hearer,
vi Cons.
compare R. P. nr, 407 ff. In Ruf. ir, 88 ff. (in part)
88
Hon. 27
ff.
(in
An
part).
with reference
to their
dungsmonolog.
An
examination of
excellent
Hon. 27
ff.,
ff.)
second purpose
in
be
considered
f.
and
in
the
Rufinus (In
monologues of Ceres
Ruf. n,
;
ff.)
the one
also serve a
forces.
for
in
for
earch for
by the barbarian
The lament
is
goddess's
fortune- which
of speeches
this class
;i
discussion
121.
of
n<>t
this
really
phase
monologue,
of
the
is
to
later epic
55
290
1
of Pompey.
pile
and
ff.)
ff.),
Clite (in,
the
and Tiphys.
frequency
many
ff.
376
ff.
605
if.
(Hypsipyle)
Ismenis)
(Oedipus)
laments
in the
of thought
ff.,
III,
151
vi,
over
ff.
ff.
(Ide)
Thebaid one
of the
V,
XI,
these
modes
speakers, though
different
(Polynices),
repetition of phrase
little
37
608
mourn over
Idmon
appears with more
ff.)
v,
in
In Valerius
31G
Epic.
The Pharsalia
speech.
Roman
the later
vn
G13-5
v,
381-4
ix,
this type
The
many
of speech
found
collective
speakers,
is
women
to
is
in V,
vm,
615-6.
293
ff.
ff.,
of several or
is
ff.
The warning of
the Trojan
priests'
song
in
Lucan
(i,
248
ff.
is
n, 45
in
or Claudian.
is
'('f.
Cornelia' 8 words
(vm,
Pompey.
Lycurgus (vi, 197 ff.) and the Argives (vm, 174 ff.
should also be noted here, though diiTering cither in content or situation from
'The complaints
of
II'..
Hannibal
Cf. Ennius,
to
Ann. 110
Sychaeus,
ff.
is
(Vahlen).
Roman
the later
in
45
Epic.
550 ff.), seven in Statius (Th. i, 1 73 ff. vn, 123 ff. vm, 174ff.
if.,
584 ff., 588
xn, 472-3). Silius Italicus furnishes
nine examples (i, 568 ff., 598 if.
XI,
VII, 78 ff.
VIH, 659 ff.
603 ff.; xn, 643 ff; xv, 571 ff; xvi, 342-3; xvn, 127 ff),
B. Goth. 461
R. P. n, 367 ff;
Claadian ten (B. Gild. 488 ff.
In Ruf. ii, 88 ff, 228 ff, 261 ff, 385 ff. (?); In Entrop. I, 350 ff.,
vi Cons. Hun. 570 ff.).
In connection with Statius
359 ff.
;
x, 67
speaks
acters
simultaneously, as in the
Polynices in Th.
i,
447
ment
the
also
Cf.
example occurring
in the singular
verbis
in
poet
haec
rapuisse,
Me
"Anna,
Contendunt
me
pietas,
hacc fratris
vicibusque
duxit amor."
probant.
Elsewhere
iv, 98,
Creon
soldiers of
the
artus
coniugis
^ \<
816-7.
obliqua
Quid
o mitissime Achivum,
VI,
and
of Tydeus
reply
ea,
Th. v, 669-71;
It.
Vix
"Hex
opus?
ff.
two char-
cf.
dux
viri,
may
um!
sisir.
Th.
Si;,t.
(Luc.
citizens
I,
be mentioned
24.S
r,
ff.
the
complaints of sol-
n, 45 ff
Sil.
uterque.
instat
261
v,
IT.);
ff.
ix,
expres-
:U.
588
IT.
;
gods (Val.
V.,;
T31aud. In Eutrop.
wordj Qlfixhortatkin.
/Ae
form.
aliquis id
IT.).
<
parallels to
Luc.
n,
'7
;
within speeches
(Sil.
ff.,
359
x, <i7
xv, 671
It.
>jdv occasionally
La
Th.
Stat.
Stat.
Th.
i.
v,
171
II'.)
IT.
xvn,
It.
xn,
127(1".
(laud. In
491-2, and
prayers to
Sil.
ili<'
in
Th.
Stat.
L7ff.;
v.
Fl.
350
i,
sil.
it..
Eutrop.
i.
16-6, doI
incladed.
i
Helm
in
Woch.
12
''>
:ii
i
au
i.
op. cit.,
cols.
p. 2
1,
n iih review by
l.'.
16
350
quisque
in Sil. It.
xv, 571
The
I,
358
In the later
Epic.
the distributive
For quisque
in the
form
briefly
sum-
257.
may be
marized as follows
1.
I,
XVII, 127.
Roman
Roman
epic, in
show
the
in
for,
a decrease in the
number of
later
as well
and of
Moreover, the
though
Valerius
here again
the
shorter than
Lucan, Silius
Italicus,
and
in
about one-half as
practically
many such
speeches
the Argonautica
practice.
shows
Again, the
narrow limits
An
is even more
Lucan and Claudian.
number of speeches
rather than
by a high percentage of
speech.
3.
example of Vergil
The speakers
The
longest speech
in the
in
in the
Koman
is
Roman
to
47
Epic.
In regard
to
arm and
In the
5.
same proportion
Through
cent,
that
as
etc.
different epic
in Vergil, for
331
of the
are
example,
practically the
speeches,
force the gods are given an important place as speakers in all the
Roman
epics
noteworthy
in
this
is
But
6.
Roman
all
speeches
in the various
sonified rivers
Especially
who
number of
and
localities speak.
little
epic, as
is
due
in
the
to the presence of
where speech-material
is
most
which,
converted
if
amount
<>f
the
direct
poem
less
into
speech in the
per cent.
7.
of speech
epic,
artificial
the
later
epic;
tin-
in
the habit
verse (extended
tive;
the
Roman
indicates that
thai the mi
in
the
in
later
epic)
'
the
as delivered.
and
dialogue without
in
within
the privilege of
intervening narra-
Lucan
messenger-
in
presence of the
or the
simple statement
speech
to
messenger or a few
8.
of direct
the restriction
tendency
scenes, a
iii
is
is
Aspects
epic and at
the
"j
tin
may
of the situation, as
Roman
to the realism
Epic.
and
effectiveness
to
to conclude the
Greek epic
to the
is
still
former
The Roman
epic here
and
life-like portrayal
in its
of the situation,
an influence not observed in Lucan and Claudian, as such interpolated narrative descriptive of gesture and the like
is entirely
The
there
class
is
found but
little
in the
to
an imaginary
forms of introduc-
repetition of stereotyped
phrase.
is
this the
As
in Apollonius
is
and Quintus,
to express feeling
and
LIFE.
Herbert
Cannon
September 17,
Macon Academy
entered
at
In October, 1904 he
To
E.
Blackwell
President
li.
Associate
Professor
University, and
at
t<>
Athene he desires
shown
in
the present
offered during
it-
especially
G.W.
t<>
indebted.
Randolph-Macon
M. Robinson
D.
Dr.
is
of
whom
of
the
his
work
Also to
College,
to
Johns Hopkins
preparation.
This book
is
Form L0-42m-8,'49(B5573)444
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