Preamble

Whereasrecognitionoftheinherentdignityandoftheequalandinalienablerightsofallmembersofthe
humanfamilyisthefoundationoffreedom,justiceandpeaceintheworld,
Whereasdisregardandcontemptforhumanrightshaveresultedinbarbarousactswhichhaveoutragedthe
conscienceofmankind,andtheadventofaworldinwhichhumanbeingsshallenjoyfreedomofspeechand
beliefandfreedomfromfearandwanthasbeenproclaimedasthehighestaspirationofthecommon
people,
Whereasitisessential,ifmanisnottobecompelledtohaverecourse,asalastresort,torebellionagainst
tyrannyandoppression,thathumanrightsshouldbeprotectedbytheruleoflaw,
Whereasitisessentialtopromotethedevelopmentoffriendlyrelationsbetweennations,
WhereasthepeoplesoftheUnitedNationshaveintheCharterreaffirmedtheirfaithinfundamentalhuman
rights,inthedignityandworthofthehumanpersonandintheequalrightsofmenandwomenandhave
determinedtopromotesocialprogressandbetterstandardsoflifeinlargerfreedom,
WhereasMemberStateshavepledgedthemselvestoachieve,incooperationwiththeUnitedNations,the
promotionofuniversalrespectforandobservanceofhumanrightsandfundamentalfreedoms,
Whereasacommonunderstandingoftheserightsandfreedomsisofthegreatestimportanceforthefull
realizationofthispledge,
Now,ThereforeTHEGENERALASSEMBLYproclaimsTHISUNIVERSALDECLARATIONOFHUMAN
RIGHTSasacommonstandardofachievementforallpeoplesandallnations,totheendthatevery
individualandeveryorganofsociety,keepingthisDeclarationconstantlyinmind,shallstrivebyteaching
andeducationtopromoterespectfortheserightsandfreedomsandbyprogressivemeasures,nationaland
international,tosecuretheiruniversalandeffectiverecognitionandobservance,bothamongthepeoplesof
MemberStatesthemselvesandamongthepeoplesofterritoriesundertheirjurisdiction.

Article1.

Allhumanbeingsarebornfreeandequalindignityandrights.Theyareendowedwithreasonand
conscienceandshouldacttowardsoneanotherinaspiritofbrotherhood.

Article2.

EveryoneisentitledtoalltherightsandfreedomssetforthinthisDeclaration,withoutdistinctionofanykind,
suchasrace,colour,sex,language,religion,politicalorotheropinion,nationalorsocialorigin,property,
birthorotherstatus.Furthermore,nodistinctionshallbemadeonthebasisofthepolitical,jurisdictionalor
internationalstatusofthecountryorterritorytowhichapersonbelongs,whetheritbeindependent,trust,
nonselfgoverningorunderanyotherlimitationofsovereignty.

Article3.

Everyonehastherighttolife,libertyandsecurityofperson.

Article4.

Nooneshallbeheldinslaveryorservitudeslaveryandtheslavetradeshallbeprohibitedinalltheirforms.

Article5.

7Nooneshallbesubjectedtotortureortocruel,inhumanordegradingtreatmentorpunishment.

Article6.

Everyonehastherighttorecognitioneverywhereasapersonbeforethelaw.

Article7.

Allareequalbeforethelawandareentitledwithoutanydiscriminationtoequalprotectionofthelaw.Allare
entitledtoequalprotectionagainstanydiscriminationinviolationofthisDeclarationandagainstany
incitementtosuchdiscrimination.

Article8.

Everyonehastherighttoaneffectiveremedybythecompetentnationaltribunalsforactsviolatingthe
fundamentalrightsgrantedhimbytheconstitutionorbylaw.

Article9.

Nooneshallbesubjectedtoarbitraryarrest,detentionorexile.

Article10.

Everyoneisentitledinfullequalitytoafairandpublichearingbyanindependentandimpartialtribunal,in
thedeterminationofhisrightsandobligationsandofanycriminalchargeagainsthim.

Article11.

(1)Everyonechargedwithapenaloffencehastherighttobepresumedinnocentuntilprovedguilty
accordingtolawinapublictrialatwhichhehashadalltheguaranteesnecessaryforhisdefence.
(2)Nooneshallbeheldguiltyofanypenaloffenceonaccountofanyactoromissionwhichdidnot
constituteapenaloffence,undernationalorinternationallaw,atthetimewhenitwascommitted.Norshalla
heavierpenaltybeimposedthantheonethatwasapplicableatthetimethepenaloffencewascommitted.

Article12.

Nooneshallbesubjectedtoarbitraryinterferencewithhisprivacy,family,homeorcorrespondence,norto
attacksuponhishonourandreputation.Everyonehastherighttotheprotectionofthelawagainstsuch
interferenceorattacks.

Article13.

(1)Everyonehastherighttofreedomofmovementandresidencewithinthebordersofeachstate.
(2)Everyonehastherighttofreedomofmovementandresidencewithinthebordersofeachstate.

Article14.

(1)Everyonehastherighttoseekandtoenjoyinothercountriesasylumfrompersecution.
(2)Thisrightmaynotbeinvokedinthecaseofprosecutionsgenuinelyarisingfromnonpoliticalcrimesor
fromactscontrarytothepurposesandprinciplesoftheUnitedNations.

Article15.


(1)Everyonehastherighttoanationality.
(2)Nooneshallbearbitrarilydeprivedofhisnationalitynordeniedtherighttochangehisnationality.

Article16.

(1)Menandwomenoffullage,withoutanylimitationduetorace,nationalityorreligion,havetherightto
marryandtofoundafamily.Theyareentitledtoequalrightsastomarriage,duringmarriageandatits
dissolution.
(2)Marriageshallbeenteredintoonlywiththefreeandfullconsentoftheintendingspouses.
(3)Thefamilyisthenaturalandfundamentalgroupunitofsocietyandisentitledtoprotectionbysocietyand
theState.

Article17.

(1)Everyonehastherighttoownpropertyaloneaswellasinassociationwithothers.
(2)Nooneshallbearbitrarilydeprivedofhisproperty.

Article18.

Everyonehastherighttofreedomofthought,conscienceandreligionthisrightincludesfreedomtochange
hisreligionorbelief,andfreedom,eitheraloneorincommunitywithothersandinpublicorprivate,to
manifesthisreligionorbeliefinteaching,practice,worshipandobservance.

Article19.

Everyonehastherighttofreedomofopinionandexpressionthisrightincludesfreedomtoholdopinions
withoutinterferenceandtoseek,receiveandimpartinformationandideasthroughanymediaand
regardlessoffrontiers.

Article20.

(1)Everyonehastherighttofreedomofpeacefulassemblyandassociation.
(2)Noonemaybecompelledtobelongtoanassociation.

Article21.

(1)Everyonehastherighttotakepartinthegovernmentofhiscountry,directlyorthroughfreelychosen
representatives.
(2)Everyonehastherightofequalaccesstopublicserviceinhiscountry.
(3)Thewillofthepeopleshallbethebasisoftheauthorityofgovernmentthiswillshallbeexpressedin
periodicandgenuineelectionswhichshallbebyuniversalandequalsuffrageandshallbeheldbysecret
voteorbyequivalentfreevotingprocedures.

Article22.

Everyone,asamemberofsociety,hastherighttosocialsecurityandisentitledtorealization,through
nationaleffortandinternationalcooperationandinaccordancewiththeorganizationandresourcesofeach
State,oftheeconomic,socialandculturalrightsindispensableforhisdignityandthefreedevelopmentof
hispersonality.

Article23.

(1)Everyonehastherighttowork,tofreechoiceofemployment,tojustandfavourableconditionsofwork
andtoprotectionagainstunemployment.
(2)Everyone,withoutanydiscrimination,hastherighttoequalpayforequalwork.
(3)Everyonewhoworkshastherighttojustandfavourableremunerationensuringforhimselfandhisfamily
anexistenceworthyofhumandignity,andsupplemented,ifnecessary,byothermeansofsocialprotection.
(4)Everyonehastherighttoformandtojointradeunionsfortheprotectionofhisinterests.

Article24.

Everyonehastherighttorestandleisure,includingreasonablelimitationofworkinghoursandperiodic
holidayswithpay.

Article25.

(1)Everyonehastherighttoastandardoflivingadequateforthehealthandwellbeingofhimselfandofhis
family,includingfood,clothing,housingandmedicalcareandnecessarysocialservices,andtherightto
securityintheeventofunemployment,sickness,disability,widowhood,oldageorotherlackoflivelihoodin
circumstancesbeyondhiscontrol.
(2)Motherhoodandchildhoodareentitledtospecialcareandassistance.Allchildren,whetherborninorout
ofwedlock,shallenjoythesamesocialprotection.

Article26.

(1)Everyonehastherighttoeducation.Educationshallbefree,atleastintheelementaryandfundamental
stages.Elementaryeducationshallbecompulsory.Technicalandprofessionaleducationshallbemade
generallyavailableandhighereducationshallbeequallyaccessibletoallonthebasisofmerit.
(2)Educationshallbedirectedtothefulldevelopmentofthehumanpersonalityandtothestrengtheningof
respectforhumanrightsandfundamentalfreedoms.Itshallpromoteunderstanding,toleranceand
friendshipamongallnations,racialorreligiousgroups,andshallfurthertheactivitiesoftheUnitedNations
forthemaintenanceofpeace.
(3)Parentshaveapriorrighttochoosethekindofeducationthatshallbegiventotheirchildren.

Article27.

(1)Everyonehastherightfreelytoparticipateintheculturallifeofthecommunity,toenjoytheartsandto
shareinscientificadvancementanditsbenefits.
(2)Everyonehastherighttotheprotectionofthemoralandmaterialinterestsresultingfromanyscientific,
literaryorartisticproductionofwhichheistheauthor.

Article28.

Everyoneisentitledtoasocialandinternationalorderinwhichtherightsandfreedomssetforthinthis
Declarationcanbefullyrealized.

Article29.

(1)Everyonehasdutiestothecommunityinwhichalonethefreeandfulldevelopmentofhispersonalityis
possible.
(2)Intheexerciseofhisrightsandfreedoms,everyoneshallbesubjectonlytosuchlimitationsasare
determinedbylawsolelyforthepurposeofsecuringduerecognitionandrespectfortherightsandfreedoms
ofothersandofmeetingthejustrequirementsofmorality,publicorderandthegeneralwelfareina
democraticsociety.
(3)Theserightsandfreedomsmayinnocasebeexercisedcontrarytothepurposesandprinciplesofthe
UnitedNations.

Article30.

NothinginthisDeclarationmaybeinterpretedasimplyingforanyState,grouporpersonanyrighttoengage
inanyactivityortoperformanyactaimedatthedestructionofanyoftherightsandfreedomssetforth
herein.