CoorsTeK Pulsation Stabilizers: Introduction Why reciprocating pumps require pulsation stabilizers. + Early failure of plungers, valves, seats, springs, and packing + Piping and connection fatigue + Loss of pump efficiency + Excessive downtime ‘These are the more common problems in the fluid ends and piping systems of reciprocating pumps ‘that result in unnecessarily high maintenance costs as well as unsafe conditions. The cause? Pulsation. ‘What is pulsation? A pulsation (or pressure surge) is a variation in pressure within a pumping system caused by the inertia ofthe fluid column being accelerated and decelerated. The magnitude of these pressure ‘surges depends upon the characteristics of each particular pumping system. The number of plungers: (pistons), bore and stroke length, crank angle, and piping configuration are generally the more important factors to consider. Mutiple pumps with common suction andior discharge headers tend {0 experience additional problems with averlapping prassure surges and harmonic interferanca, Regardless of the magnitude, most positive displacement pumps used in the industry today encounter pulsation, Suction ‘The majority of pulsation problems can be prevented by frst cortecting the suctioh side of the ‘pump. In order for the pump to operate smoothly, it must have a consistent, even flow of liquid {into the suction. In other words, the fluid must remain in contact with the face of the plunger at all times, The very nature of the action of a plunger is detrimental to complete cylinder fll and that, coupled with the inertia of a fluid column, results in incomplete cylinder fill (or cavitation). Acceleration Head is the pressure required to overcome inertia effect and accelerate the fluid ‘88 the pump suction demands. With a high acceleration head that is not compensated for, the fluid breaks contact with the plunger and a vacuum exists within the cylinder. This occurs just before mid-stroke. As the plunger decelerates, the fluid rushes in, filling the vold and buliding high pressure on the plunger face. Upon the ravarsal of the plunger, higher pressure causes. abnormal valve action that can be detected throughout the system. These pulsations exist even when the suction is pressurized to @ higher level.Tiplex, Single Acting. —_ | . MAXIMUM RELATIVE FLUID (Throws set at 120° "| ACCELERATION: 107% Produce an overlapof 8] 60") sr MAXIMUM RELATIVE FLUID 6 pulses per crankshaft «| DECELERATION: 62% revolution at 300 RPM | produces 30 pulses per | ‘AFLOWVARIATION OF second. 7 ‘APPROXIMATELY 25% a): EXISTS. ‘ ‘The installation and proper tuning of an CoorsTex suction stabilizer will help to create steady non- varying flow conditions into the fluid end of the pump thus steadying the system pressure as well. ‘The CoorsTex cartridge immediately absorbs the flow surge that occurs after mid-stroke and again When the plunger reverses direction. The energy is processed by compressing the nitrogen-charged Tubber cartridge in the CoorsTex unit. Not to be confused with the less efficient “surge accumulator” models, the CoonsTexcartridge actually compensates for each pressure variation as it occurs. This allows the unit to stabilize the flow of fluid into the fluid end and to overcome acceleration head with ‘maximum efficiency resulting in a complete cylinder fil Discharge Difficult piping configurations on the discharge side, especially multiple pumps with a common: ‘header, usually resuttin severe putsations in the piping system, This also affects downstream com- ponents such as meters, gauges, valves, and the flowline itself The CoonéTex discharge stabilizer absorbs and evens the flow from the pump with the same type of cartridge function as the suction stabilizer. It also helps to eliminate harmonic interference in multiple pump / common discharge installations, Solution ' In addition to lower maintenance costs and less downtime due tosystem failure, a stabilized pump- ing system permits increased pump speeds and yields higher volumetric efficiencies. To achieve desi radresutsinyourpurping syste, we are proud to present to you a fullline of Coorsitx pulsation stabi CoorsTEK Pulsation Stabilizers ‘Arica Satna 100 Tottills wy ome ot ama amc 30CoorsTEK Pulsation Stabilizers: Flow Dynamics : How the CoonsTex Cartridge Stabilizes Flow and Pressure Conditions in 8 positive displacement purip system. Energy to push fluid to the Intake of the pump comes from atmospheric pressure at the supply tank (plus [pressure added by a booster pump if used). Energy to push the fluid thru the discharge system is supplied by the positive displacement pump, ‘The overall pumping capacity ofthe system Is calculated as steady constant flow in volume units per time unit such as GPM or Bbis. per hour, however the instantaneous flow rata varies continually. This veriation is ‘caused by the valve and piston action on the positive displacement pump. It has a specific pattern of per- ‘centage of volume variation amount for each tum of the crankshaft for each type of pump such as duplex, triplex, etc. occurs in both the Intake’and the Discharge system. The amount of volume variation is the ‘same in both systems, however at a given instant the volume flow of the intake system is increasing when the volume flow of the discharge system is decreasing, and vice versa, ‘The fluid intake has mass and weight. It moves at average velocity, plus or minus the fluid velocity changes ‘that are caused by the valva and piston action of the pump, unless the fluid is stabilized. ‘As the pump demand decreases to its minimum, the ve- Instaitaneous Pump Demand locity is slowed and the pressure increased at the pump Minimum = Inlet, fluid is diverted into the CoorsTex unit, compross- ing the cartridge, thereby storing the extra eneray of the moving fluid in the compressed gas, The difference of ‘volume botween average and minimumpurp demands, ‘stored in the space created by the compression of the cartridge, (See figure at right) Instantaneous Pump Demand ‘Maximum “The crankshaft continues Bs tum and the punp Jo- rand iereaees tos meximut veloc incroasod tndpressur i cecresoda th pump it.The stored energy is restored tote system by tho coridg ex- panding hereby supplying the pump wth the adonal ‘flow volume requirement that was stored previously as_ LE==5y tte carvidge was compressed, (See igure ete) Extra Fluid To Pump:CoorsTex Pulsation Stabilizers: Flow Dynamics How the CoorsTrk Cartridge Stabilizes Flaw and Pressure Conditions in a positive displacement pump system. (Continued) ‘The fluid intake has mass and weight. moves at average Velocity, plus of minus the fluid velocity changes. ‘that are caused by the valve and piston action of the pump, unless the fluid is stabilized, Instantaneous Pump Output Maximum ‘As the pump output increases tots maximum, the resis ‘tance of the discharge system forces the difference of ‘volume between average flaw and instantaneous flow into the CooasTEx uni, compressing the cartridge, storing ‘the extra energy in tha compressed gas. The difference: in volume between average fow and the increased out- ‘putis stored in the space created by the compression of ‘the cartridge. (See figure at right) ‘Minimum ‘| ‘As the pump output and the pressure at the pump outist decreases to its minimum, tho stored energy s restored to the system by the cartridge expansion. This energy used to push the fuid that was stored at maximum flow on ito tho discharge system. (See figure st lft) Note that since the flow variations re stored in the CoonsTEK units and then restored to the line, variations ‘occur in the intake and discharge systems only in the piping between the CoorsTEx units and the pump. Note also that since pressure variations in piping systems are caused by flow variations in the piping sys- tems they are not created, 88 compared to being dampened out. ‘The velocity changes occur on each pump stroke. in a system using a triplex pump running at 300mm these changes occur 15 times during one second of time. To respond to these frequencies, the cartidge must have large area, low inertia, and be highly flexible, CoonsTEx cartridges are designed specifically for this service. iD Coorstik Pulsation Stabilizers: sey Pump Dynamics The degree of crank rotation required to move the plunger a certain distance varies throughout phases of the plunger's ongoing reversal of direction. This is the nature of a reciprocating pump. The variation of plunger momentum is proportionate to the variation of fluid flow in the suction. “Why does a pump require a suction stabilizer when Walready hes a charge pump boosting the suction? 4 “+ A charge pump increases the suction pressure. It does not affect suction velocity. + Regardless of suction pressure, the fluid comes to a complete stop with each plunger stroke. + Accharge pump has no compressible parts and water is relatively incompressible, +A Suction Stabilizer utlizes a Nitrogen-charged rubber cartridge to efficiently absorb and feed back system energy, thus handling flow variations as they occur.CoorsieK Pulsation Stabilizers: Attenuation “What percent of attenuation will a CoorsteK Pulsation Stabilizer provide?” This is @ question commonly asked of all brands of pulsation control equipment. In an ideal well- designed system, the CoonsTEx unit can provide up to 98% attenuation, A pulsation stabilizer wil not guarantee good piping, proper valve selection, proper spring tension, ‘or an overall system design that is sound, These are some of the many factors inthe overall system which contribute to its operation, factors that can not be effectively separated from acceleration head and other losses inherent in all raciprocating pump systems. The task of a pulsation stabilizer is to effectively raduce flow variation in order to reduce the pres ‘sure variation. The degree of attenuation is a function of the pump system. ‘Most pumping problems in reciprocating pump systems occur as a result of inadequate suction conditions, more specifically from a lack of suction pressure. In most applications the velocity of fluid flow should not exceed 2 feet per second and the suction piping should be kept as short as possible and free of turns in excess of 45°. Acceleration Head when calculated should not exceed 10 to 12 feet of head, When a column of liquid is accelerated or decelerated, a pressure surge exists. These surges can cause vibration in the suction line and can restrict or impede the flow of liquid and cause incomplete filing of the suction valva chamber. ‘Ail pumps have a suction requirement, Failure to satisfy this requirament can result in piping failure, pump valve failure, packing fallure, and fluid end failure. Each pump manufacturer has a suction pressure requirement commonly referred to as “Net Positive Suction Head Requited”. (NPSHris a term borrowed from the centrifugal pump industry.) The responsibilty to provide adequate suction ‘conditions is with the pump operator. ‘Suction stabilizers become a vital part of the suction system as they store energy between each pump stroke and essentially feed it back into the flow. With a suction stabilizer installed, suction piping calculation tengths can generally be reduced from the Acceleration Head formula by 12 to 415 times the pipe diameter in inches, ‘To maximize a reciprocating pump system's overall flow efficiency: + Eliminate 90 degree turns from piping - use 45 degree tums where turns are absolutely necessary. + Keep piping flow velocities below 2 feet per second on the suction side and-7 feet per second (4 to 5 is ideal) through the discharge piping. + Select fluid end valves thal yield less than 8 feet per second In port velocity. + Taka into account the factors that can be more readily corrected in Velocity, Acceleration Head, and NPSH calculations: Piping width, piping length, pump RPM, etc.st} AzOSLN Bile wal aos enn id ogee tao 23 We oats [-aneaay ie eat | SEE aoe | ane oat [a 4-205 1-0-004 | —aaH Sao and ov taro nO | pen Sn AY Wie, [Suounjos burzoury ESS BAe Sane fe shies YY Hig te Saree Se eae BEE wean q[SUCO,) #2555 5885 == cio Bae Se DASE cee S 2 5 za Be Fe g 88 es 3 gt 3 Sa ey | Ty 5 xe a8 ara LACES Ee a 8 3 | | . 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See Sa cte S 22 & a 48 ee wi 6 8 & 5 83 g Pe a re i as<7 Disc SLs $3047) = Ly x CoorsTEK ‘Amazing Solutions, 100 CUBIC-INCH SERIES PULSATION STABILIZER COMPLETE WITH INTERNAL CARTRIDGE [A Height: [E wiath: [Overali Weight: [Max Operating PSI: [Case Construction: [Case Wall Thickness: internal Coating: [Connection Type: internal Cartridge: Cartidge Connection: [Temperature Range: Max Cartridge Charge: 40 Dust Cover (Protects WH Loading Valve) 11__Unlensand Cartriige Connection race Seager 12 BVA 31688 Blender Valen 13 __ ANSI Ranged Connection of NPT ‘Seecote isa registered tademark ofthe Monette Maing sod Manufacturing Company CoorsTk CoorsTEK Pulsation Stabilizers sia sett: Pulsation Stabilizers wel lot00 De] =Series Specifications: 100-u ciseheme. clam poner U-14000-F (T) , Discharge A Q6LBS 1400 180 0.257" XHNPT @6LBS 1400 180" 0237" §—L.SKHNPT -U-186-CR__300P81 SOLES 1400 180°F 0.237 © ZXHNPT = U-48.CR 2001 6LBS 1400 180"F 0.237" 2SXHNPT —-U-IBS.CR S00PS! 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