Y

basis from this test that is used as an index of the degree of cutting
of fabric yarns by the sewing machine needle in making sewn
seams.
D 123, DI3
yarn slippage, n----at the seam in sewn fabrics, the displacement of
one or more yarns from the original position, causing differences
in alignment, spacing, or both.
D 123, D13
yarn slippage, n---at the seam in sewn fabrics, the displacement of
one or more yarns from the original position, causing differences
in alignment, spacing, or both.
D 4850, D 13
yarn streak, n--for inflatable restraint fabrics, discoloration of an
individual yam that does not affect adjacent yams. D 6799, D13
yarn take-up, n - - i n fabric, the additional length of yam used to make
a given length of fabric.
D 123, D13
yarn take-up, n--in fabric, the additional length of yam used to make
a given length of fabric.
D 4850, DI3
yaw, n--in a vehicle, the angular motion of a vehicle about its vertical
axis through the center of gravity.
F 538, F09
yaw velocity, n--the magnitude of the yaw (rotation or angular
displacement); it may be measured by fore and aft, vehicle versus
pavement, velocity sensors.
F 538, F09
Y dimension, n - - i n a bar code symbology, the specified height of
elements.
F 1294, F05
yeast--single cell microorganisms (fungi) that produce alcohol and
CO2 under normal fermentation conditions.
E 1705, EA8
yellow, adj--hue description applied to light of wavelengths from 572
to 783 nm and to visually similar stimuli.
D 2946, C17
yellowness, n--inasbestos fiber and products, the degree to which
asbestos deviates from colorlessness or neutral grey toward yellowish or tan as determined by the yellowness index. D 2946, C17
yellowness, n--attribute of color perception by which an object color
is judged to depart from colorless or a preferred white toward
yellow.
E 284, E12
yellowness index, n - - i n asbestos fiber and products, an index
calculated arbitrarily from reflectance measurements using tristimulus filters. Use the following relationship for asbestos:

Y--conversion, recovery.
D 6161, D19
yarn, n - - a genetic term for a continuous strand of textile fibers,
filaments, or material in a form suitable for knitting, weaving, or
otherwise intertwining to form a textile fabric.
D 123, D13
y a r n - - i n fibrous composites, a continuous, ordered assembly of
essentially parallel, collimated filaments, normally with twist, and
of either discontinuous or continuous filaments.
single yarn, n--an end in which each filament follows the same
twist.
D 3878, D30
yarn, n - - a generic term for a continuous strand of textile fibers,
filaments, or material in a form suitable for knitting, weaving, or
otherwise intertwining to form a textile fabric.
D 4849, D 13
yarn appearance, n--the visual effect obtained by viewing a sample
of yam wound with a designated traverse on a black board of
designated size.
D 123, D13
yarn appearance, n--the visual effect obtained by viewing a sample
of yarn wound with a designated traverse on a black board of
designated size.
D 4849, D13
yarn break, n--insewn seams, a mode of failure evidenced by yams
rupturing at the seam or at any other area in the test specimen.
(Syn. yarn burst and yarn tear)
D 123, D13
yarn break, n--insewn seams, a mode of failure evidenced by yams
rupturing at the seam or at any other area in the test specimen.
(Syn. yam burst and yam tear.)
D 4850, D13
yarn crimp, n - - i n fabric, the undulations or waviness in a yam due
to interactions with other yams.
D 123, D13
yarn crimp, n--infabric, the undulations or waviness in a yam due to
interations with other yams.
D 4850, D13
yarn distortion, n--in woven fabrics, a condition in which the
symmetrical surface appearance of a fabric is altered by the
shifting or sliding of warp or filling yams.
D 123, D13
yarn distortion, n--in woven fabrics, a condition in which the
symmetrical surface appearance of a fabric is altered by the
shifting or sliding of warp or filling yams.
D 4850, D13
yarn fault, n - - i n textile strands , a change in thickness sufficient
without magnification.
D 123, D13
yarn fault, n--in textile strands, a change in thickness sufficient to be
visible without magnification.
D 4849, D13
yarn fault count, n--the number of yam faults per specified length of
product.
D 123, D13
yarn fault count, n--the number of yam faults per specified length of
product.
D 4849, D13
yarn number, n - - a measure of the linear density of a yam, expressed
as "mass per unit length," or "length per unit mass," depending
upon the yam numbering system used. (Syn. yarn count.) (Seeyarn numbering system.)
D 123, D13
yarn number, n - - a measure of the linear density of a yam expressed
as "mass per unit length," or "length per unit mass" depending
upon the yam numbering system used. (Syn. yam count.) (See yam
numbering system.)
D 4849, D13
yarn numbering system, n - - a system expresses the size of a yam as
a relationship between its length and associated mass. (See also

yellowness index = (A - B)/G

where:
A = reflectance with the amber tristimulus filter,
B = reflectance with the blue tristimulus filter, and
G = reflectance with the green tristimulus filter.
No~--Additional definitions are presented in Specification C 296,
Specification C 428, Test Method C 458, Test Methods C 500, Specification C 508, Specification C 541, Specification C 663, Specification
C 668, Specification C 875, Guide C 966, Terminology D 123, Test
Method D 1918, Test Method D 2985, Test Method D 2590, Test
Method D 3879, and STP 834.
D 2946, C17
yellowness index, n - - a number, computed by a given procedure from
colorimetric or spectrophotometric data, that indicates the degree
of departure of an object color from colorless, or from a preferred
white, toward yellow.
E 284, E12
yellow ware---a yellow semivitreous ware or an earthenware with a
colorless, clear glaze.
C 242, C21
yield, n--the weight percent of the feed that reports to the concentrate.
D 121, D05
yield, n - - i n knitted fabrics, the number of finished square meters per
kilogram (square yards per pound) of greige fabric. D 123, D13
yield, n - - o f wool, the percentage of a designated commercial composition obtained by processing a lot of raw wool. D 123, D13
yield, n--in raw wool, the combined weight of clean wool fiber
present and vegetable matter present, as a percentage of the raw
wool weight.
D 123, D13
yield--in grouting, the volume of freshly mixed grout produced from
a known quantity of ingredients.
D 653, D18
yield, n - - i n raw wool, the combined weight (mass) of clean wool

direct yarn numbering system and indirect yarn numbering

system.)
D 123, D13
yarn numbering system, n - - a system that expresses the size of a
yam as a relationship between its length and associated mass. (See

direct yarn numbering system and indirect yarn numbering

system)
D 4849, D 13
yarn number jute, n--mass per unit length of a yam measured as the
number of pounds per 13 167 m (14 400 yd), and expressed as
pounds per spyndle.
D 123, D13
yarn package, n - - a length or parallel lengths of yam in a form
suitable for handling, storing, or shipping.
D 123, D13
yarn package, n - - a length or parallel lengths of yam in a form
suitable for handling, storing, or shipping.
D 4849, D13
yarn severance, n - - a numerical value expressed on a percentage
693

yield, n
fiber present and vegetable matter present, as a percentage of the
raw wool weight.
D 4845, D13
yield, n - - o f wool, the percentage of a designated commercial composition obtained by processing a lot of raw wool. D 4845, D13
yield, n--in knitted fabrics, the number of finished square metres per
kilogram (square yards per pound) of greige fabric. D 4850, D13
yield--an estimate of the number of pages that can be produced with
a particular toner cartridge under specified conditions. F 335, F05
yield, aerosol foam sealant, n--in building construction, the cured
volume of a compound after it is dispensed from a container.
C 717, C24
yield bend angle---the angle at which the yield bend moment occurs.
F 1840, F04
yield bend moment--the amount of moment required to initiate
plastic deformation during a bend test.
F 1840, F04
yield, expected, n--the quantity of material or the percentage of
theoretical yield anticipated at any appropriate phase of production
based on previous laboratory, pilot scale, or manufacturing data.
E 2363, E55
yield factor, n--in papermaking, either a proportion or percentage
representing that portion of the input material that is retained after
paper stock preparation for inclusion in the paper manufacturing
process.
D 1968, D06
yielding arch--type of support of arch shape, the joints of which
deform plastically beyond a certain critical load, that is, continue
to deform without increasing their resistance. (ISRM) D 653, D18
yield locus----plot of shear stress versus normal stress at failure. The
yield locus (YL) is sometimes called the instantaneous yield locus
to differentiate it from the time yield locus.
D 653, D18
yield point, n - - i n a stress strain curve, the point beyond which work
is not completely recoverable and permanent deformation takes
place.
D 123, D13
yield point, n--that point on the stress-strain curve, short of ultimate
failure, where the rate of stress with respect to strain goes through
a zero value and may become negative.
D 1566, D l l
yield point, n--in geosynthetics, the point on the force-elongation
curve at which the first derivative equals zero (the first maximum).
D 4439, D35
yield point, n--in a stress-strain curve, the point beyond which work
is not completely recoverable and permanent deformation takes
place. (Compare elastic limit)
D 4848, D13
yield point elongation, YPE, n--the strain (expressed in percent)
separating the stress-strain curve's first point of zero slope from
the point of transition from discontinuous yielding to uniform
strain hardening.
E 6, E28
yield point, YP [FL-2], n--term previously used, by E 8 and E 8M,
for the property which is now referred to as upper yield strength.
E 6, E28
yield strain, n--the strain below which a material acts in an elastic
manner, and above which it begins to exhibit permanent deformation or flow.
D 907, D14
yield strain, n--the level of strain at the yield point. D 1566, D 11
yield strength, n--the stress at which a material exhibits a specified
limiting deviation from the proportionality of a stree strain.
D 123, D13
yield strength, n--the stress at which a material exhibits a specified
limiting deviation from the proportionality of stress to strain.
D 6477, D13
yield strength--tension-applied load at which the fastener experiences a specific amount of permanent deformation, that is, the bolt
has been stressed beyond its elastic limit and is in the plastic zone.
It is very difficult to test full size bolts for yield strength. Because
of different strain rates in the threaded section, thread runout and

694

unthreaded shank which together comprise the stressed length, a

"proof load" concept was introduced.
F 1789, F16
yield strength, trrs [FL -2]--the stress at which a material exhibits a
specific limiting deviation from the proportionality of stress to
strain. This deviation is expressed in terms of strain. E 1823, E08
yield strength, YS or Sy [FL-2], n--the engineering stress at which, by
convention, it is considered that plastic elongation of the material
has commenced. This stress may be specified in terms of (a) a
specified deviation from a linear stress-strain relationship, (b) a
specified total extension attained, or (c) maximum or minimum
engineering stresses measured during discontinuous yielding.
E 6, E28
yield stress--the stress beyond which the induced deformation is not
fully annulled after complete destressing. (ISRM)
D 653, D18
yield stress, n--the stress (either normal or shear) at which a marked
increase in deformation occurs without an increase in load.
(Synonym yield value)
D 907, D14
yield stress, n--the level of stress at the yield point. D 1566, D l l
yield stress, n--in solids, the maximum stress that can be applied
without causing permanent deformation.
D 4175, D02
yield stress, n--in fluids, the shear stress required to initiate flow.
D 4175, D02
yield stress, n--limit to internal force developed by application of
extemal force or load or generation of internal strain to a material,
member, connection component, or assembly beyond which a
marked increase in the rate of deformation occurs without an
increase in load; expressed in terms of units of force per unit area,
psi, pounds force per square inch (Mpa, megapascals). E 631, E06
yield, theoretical, n--the quantity that would be produced at any
appropriate phase of production based upon the quantity of
material to be used, in the absence of any loss or error in actual
production.
E 2363, E55
yield value, n--Synonym yield stress.
D 907, D14
yoke--a magnet that induces a magnetic field in the area of a part that
lies between its poles. Yokes may be permanent magnets or either
alternating-current or direct-current electromagnets. E 1316, E07
yoke magnetization--a longitudinal magnetic field induced in a part,
or in an area of a part, by means of an external electromagnet
shaped like a yoke.
E 1316, E07
Youden square, n - - a type of block design derived from certain Latin
squares by deleting, or adding, rows (or columns) so that one block
factor remains complete blocks and the second block factor
constitutes balanced incomplete blocks.
E 456, E l l
Youden square, n - - A type of block design derived from certain Latin
squares by deleting, or adding, rows (or columns) so that one block
factor remains complete blocks and the second block factor
constitutes balanced incomplete blocks.
E 1325, E l l
Young's modulus, n--in a stress-strain curve for an elastic material,
the ratio of change in stress to change in strain within the elastic
region of the material.
D 123, D13
Young's modulus--the ratio of the increase in stress on a test
specimen to the resulting increase in strain under constant transverse stress limited to materials having a linear stress-strain
relationship over the range of loading. Also called elastic modulus.
D 653, D 18
Yonng's modulus, n--in a stress-strain curve for an elastic material,
the ratio of change in stress to change in strain within the elastic
region of the material.
D 4848, D13
Young's modulus--the ratio of the increase of stress acting on a test
sample to the resulting increase in strain, under constant transverse
stress.
D 7099, D18
Young's modulus--see modulus of elasticity.
F 1789, F16
Young's modulus, E [FL-2], n--modulus of elasticity in tension or
compression.
E 6, E28