Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Abnormality
Chapter 3
Models of Abnormality
Models of Abnormality
Brain anatomy
Brain chemistry
Information is communicated
throughout the brain in the form of
electrical impulses that travel from one
neuron to one or more others
Brain chemistry
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Sources of Biological
Abnormalities Genetics
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Sources of Biological
Abnormalities Genetics
May be mutations
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Sources of Biological
Abnormalities Evolution
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Sources of Biological
Abnormalities Evolution
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Sources of Biological
Abnormalities Viral
Infections
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Biological Treatments
Drug therapy
Psychosurgery
Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 8e,
DSM-5 Update
17
Biological Treatments
Drug therapy:
Antidepressant drugs
Antipsychotic drugs
Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 8e,
DSM-5 Update
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Biological Treatments
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Biological Treatments
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Assessing the
Biological Model
Strengths:
Enjoys considerable
respect in the field
Constantly
produces valuable
new information
Treatments bring
great relief
Weaknesses:
Too simplistic
Treatments produce
significant undesirable
(negative) effects
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2.
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Developmental stages
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Developmental stages
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Ego theorists
Self theorists
Object-relations theorists
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Psychodynamic Therapies
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Psychodynamic Therapies
Free association
Therapist interpretation
Resistance
Transference
Dream interpretation
Catharsis
Working through
Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 8e,
DSM-5 Update
30
Psychodynamic Therapies
Contemporary trends:
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Assessing the
Psychodynamic Model
Strengths:
First to recognize
importance of
psychological theories
and treatment
Saw abnormal
functioning as rooted in
the same processes as
normal functioning
Weaknesses:
Unsupported ideas;
difficult to research
Non-observable
Inaccessible to
human subject
(unconscious)
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Operant conditioning
Modeling
Classical conditioning
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How Do Behaviorists
Explain Abnormal
Functioning?
Operant conditioning
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How Do Behaviorists
Explain Abnormal
Functioning?
Modeling
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How Do Behaviorists
Explain Abnormal
Functioning?
Classical conditioning
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Classical Conditioning
US
UR
Meat
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UR
US
Meat
Tone
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CS
CR
Tone
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e
Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 8e,
DSM-5 Update
38
Behavioral Therapies
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Behavioral Therapies
Step-by-step procedure
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Strengths:
Powerful force in
the field
Can be tested in
the laboratory
Significant
research support
for behavioral
therapies
Weaknesses:
No evidence that
symptoms are
ordinarily acquired
through conditioning
Behavior therapy is
limited
Too simplistic
New focus on
self-efficacy, social
cognition, and
cognitive-behavioral
theories
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Example: overgeneralization
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Cognitive Therapies
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Assessing the
Cognitive Model
Strengths:
Focuses on a uniquely
human process
Theories lend
themselves to research
Therapies effective in
treating several
disorders
Weaknesses:
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The Humanistic-Existential
Model
Combination model
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Rogers Humanistic
Theory and Therapy
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Humanistic approach
Techniques:
Skillful frustration
Role playing
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Strengths:
Weaknesses:
Emphasizes the
individual
Optimistic
Emphasizes health
Focuses on abstract
issues
Difficult to research
Weakened by
disapproval of
scientific approach
Changing somewhat
52
Family-Social perspective
Multicultural perspective
Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 8e,
DSM-5 Update
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How Do Family-Social
Theorists Explain Abnormal
Functioning?
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How Do Family-Social
Theorists Explain Abnormal
Functioning?
Focus on:
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Family-Social Treatments
Group therapy
Family therapy
Couple therapy
Community treatment
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Multicultural Treatments
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Multicultural Treatments
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Assessing the
Sociocultural Models
Strengths:
Increased awareness
of clinical and social
roles
Clinically successful
when other
treatments have failed
Weaknesses:
Research is difficult to
interpret
Correlation
causation
Model unable to
predict abnormality in
specific individuals
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Theoretical Orientations of
Todays Clinical
Psychologists
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