560 History Syllabus

CAMEROON GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION BOARD
560 History SYLLABUS

Buea: 05 November.
2004
560 HISTORY
INTRODUCTION
This Ordinary Level History has been introducedto bring together the former History syllabuses
examinedunder History Syllabus B (EuropeanHistory)and History Syllabus C (World Affairs).
AIMS
The aim of the Ordinary Level Syllabus in History is to enable candidates acquire a sound general basis
ofknowledge in and understanding of the developments of a particular period of History chosen for
study, and to furnish them with an i':ltroduction to historical skills and methods.
To introduce candidates to modern World History in general, but more ernphasis will be laid in the
History ofCameroon and Africa in particular from the period 1880 to the present day.
2
To stimulate the interest and awareness of the candidates in their African environ ment and create
~
enthusiasrnfor the study of the past as a resultof the interactionbetween Cameroonians,Africansand

other races in the world.
3
4
To foster the dual concepts ofpatriotism and Pan-AtTicanism among the candidates.
To encourage candidates to pay greater attention to the interpretation and exploitation of historical
documents such as maps, extracts,cartoons,photographs,speeches, statistics etc.

GENERALOBJECTIVES
1,1
2
2,1
2,2
2,3
t
3
3,1
3,2
4
4,1
The objectives ofthe examination are to test the candidates'

Knowledge of substantial and important body to factual historical information.
Factual recall of relevant historical facts/events.
Understanding ofthis historical informationlevents.
Extract relevant materiar from more than one source so as to write a coherent historical essay.
Appreciate the views held by historical figures in Cameroon and'ther places at different times and
periods.
To understand and interpret historical maps, cartoons diagrams, pictures and statistics.
Application ie the ability to employ this information intelligently in response to specific questions.
Select and arrange historical information and to present this information logically and c1early.
Ability to develop from their knowledge a simple and coherent argument based on selected facts.
Analysis
Appreciate relationship between cause and effect.
1
1
1
Ii
4,2
The ability to use the knowledge ofinter-diseiplinary

Philosophy,
Sociology
and Anthropology
social sciences, like Geography, Economies,
to explain historical
III
'II
facts.
ASSESSMENT OBEJECTIVES
A
a.1
a.2
B
b,1
b,2
C
c.1
c,2
c,3
cA
D
d.1
d,2
d,3
dA
Objectives: A = Knowledge;
Syllabus analysis OL560
Knowledge
Recall of relevant historical informationlevents
to identify simple historieal facts relating to people, places, dates and events
to reeall relevant historieal informationlevents.
Understanding
Il
1
of historical events
to e~traet relevant facts and to present the information logically.

to slect and arrange historical information coherently
TheiConcept of Application
to relate and link people, places and events
to use historical data in tackling historieal questions
to projeet the place of Inter-disciplinary Social Science such as Geography, Economies, Sociology,
Philosophy and Anthropology in explaining historical facts/events .
to write simple historical essays
The concept of Analysis
to interpret historieal documents
to use the knowledge acquired in solving historical problems relating to cause and effect
to relate and link important personalities and major thernes in history
to highlight the contributions and significance of important personalities and events in history.
B = Comprehension;
C = Application;
D ::; Analysis.
1
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Buea: 05 November,
2004
THE EXAMINA TION

The Examination will cover Cameroon, Africa and Modem World Hi~ory. The examination consists of
Two Papers. Paper 1 will be Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) of l'6O questions of One ~urst
and will account for.1o of the total marks. Paper 2 will be an essay-type paper ofTwo and a halfhours
and will account for tfte-ber ~% 4f the total marks.
Paper 1
This paper is designed to the extent and depth of the candidates knowledge and understanding of
Cameroon, Africa and Modem World Historyand central internationalaspects of the syllabussuch as
Intenational Relations, International Institutions and World developments. This paper will consist of
questions.
hpu2
c..1~
required
to will
answer
questions
in this A,
paper.
Two
questions from
:fWo questions will
ITombe
This
paper
be ~d
into 3 sections
B and
C comprising
six Section
questios A,
each~didates
section B and One question ITomsection C.
SECTION A
This section will deal with Cameroon: 1884 - 2004. Six questions will be set from which candidates will
be required to answer TWO.
SECTION B
This section will deal with AITican History: 1884 - 2004. Six questions will be set ITomwhich candidates
will be required to answer.:fW8.
SECTION C
This section will deal with Modem World History since 1848. (Europe 1848 - 1980; The Middle East
1900 1980; Asia (China, Japan and India) 1900 1980; USA 1900 1980; World Diplomacy with
emphasis on the Leaque ot Nations and the UNO). Six questions (two questios drawn from Europe and
One
One. question from each of~other
four areas) will be set and candidates will be required to answer
Ali questions carry equal marks

Paper Type Sectior No of Questions
Required
1
MCQ A
C>
'"
B 1{Y1
C
IS"
2
Essa'
A 6
B
C
6
6
Duration
No of questions
to be answered
A
A
0
1
t-
Remarks,
lt;&
&o
Ihr
we--
Answer ail questions
.1
2
1)
b
2 hrs 30mins
SINSection N Sub. Nt
1
2
Marks
lM
",nswer
questions, 2 from
Cameroon, ITomAITica
and 1 ITomthe World
Topic
0
0
Cameroon history since 1884

Cameroon on the eve of German annexation,
lIA
.
historical background on the activities of European explorers, missionaries and traders in Cameroon on
the eve of German annexation befoe 1884.
1.2
The scramble for Cameroon. The rivalry between the British, the German and the French. The attitude of
Cameroonian coastal traditional mlers towards the scramble and the annexation of Cameroon
5
6
A
A
1
2
1.3
0
How and why the Germans succeeded in the scramble and annexation of Cameroon in 1884.
German annexation ofCameroon 1884 -1916.
8
9
10
Il
12
13
14
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
2
2
2 1
.
2.2
The Berlin West African ConferencelBerlin Act of 1885/The Diplomatie transfer of coastline from Rio
dei Rey to Campo by Britain and France to Germany.
Consolidation of German mie in the interior of Cameroon
2.3
Reactions of the natives to German Imperial penetration and conquest of Cameroon.
2
3
3
3
3
2.4 The political, economicand social developmentof Cameroon under German mie. Assessmentof extent.
0 The First World War and its impact on Cameroon.1914 - 22
3.1 The war in Cameroon/ causes and course of war.
3.2 The proposed condominium
3.3 The effects ofthe war on Cameroonians/ The Paris Peace Settlement/ The VersaillesTreaty/
Cameroon becomes a mandatoryterritoryof the League of Nations.
'\
'
B = Comprehension;
C = Application;
D = Analysis.
2
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CAMEROONGENERALCERTIFICATEOF EDUCATIONBOARD
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Buea: 05 November, 2004
SIN Section
N Sub. NC
15
16
A
A
4
4
0
4.1
17
4.2
18
19
A
A
4
5
4.3
0
20
5.1
21
22
A
A
5
5
5.2
5.3
23
5.4
Topic
Cameroon under British Mandate (1922 -1946)

Political developments / Administrative linking with Nigeria / Introduction / Implementation oflndirect
Rule.
The development of Cameroon under British Mandate. Aspects of economic, social and cultural
development in certain areas: Agriculture, Trade, Education, Health, Transport
Reactions of Cameroonians to British Mandatory rule / Early rise of nationalism in British Cameroons.
Cameroon under French Mandate (1922 -1939)
Introduction of French colonial policies / French policies in Cameroon: Assimilation, Association,
Differentiation, Paternalism, Indignat, Prestation, Forced labour etc.
Administration, Judiciary, Local Government, Local Government, Land Policy.
The Economic and Social development of French Cameroon under French Mandate: Agriculture, Trade,
Communication, Transport, Religion, Health, Education, Urbanisation, Public Works etc.
Reactions of French Cameroonians to French Mandatory rule / Early rise ofnationalism in French
Cameroons.
The Second World War and British Cameroons under V.N Trusteeshio. 1939 - 54
24
25
6.1
26
27
A
A
6
6
6.2
Political developments leading to self-rule / ConHtutional and Administrative changes / Birth and
Growth of Pressure groups and political parties / Eastern Regional Crisis.
29
6.3
30
Economic and Social developments in British Cameroons under U,N Trusteeship in such areas as
Agriculture (C.D.C), Trade, Public Finance, Education, Health, Transport and Communication etc.
British Cameroons: 1954 -1961
31
7.1
32
7.2
33
34
35
A
A
A
7.3
0
8.1
8
8
British Cameroonians; involvement in the War / Growth of British Cameroonian nationalism,
1939 - 46, British Cameroons under UN Trusteeship
History of self-government J.o'inde:

Endeley;s Administration and Policies to 1959/ of
Cameroonians to British Mry
ru e Cameroonian reactions.
Foncha's Administra!()ll and Policies to 1961 / ofCameroonians to British Mandatory rule / Early rise of
nationalism in British Cameroonian reactions.
Role of the U.N.a to the attainment ofindependence (The Plebiscite Question).
The Second World War and French Cameroons under V.N Trusteeshio. 1939 - 56
French Cameroonians' involvement in the War / The Brazaville Conference (1944) and its effects / The
Loi - Cadre / Growth of French Cameroonian nationalism, 1939 - 56 / French Cameroons under UN
Trusteeship.
36
8.2
37
I!
11
Political developments leading to self-mie / Constitutional and Administrative changes / Birth
Il
l,
and Growth of Pressure groups and political parties along ethnic lines / U.P.C revoit and its effects.
8.3
Economic and Social developments in French Cameroon under U,N Trusteeship in such areas
40
as Agriculture, Trade, Education, Urbanisation, Banking, Communication, Health, Transport.

French Cameroon: 1956 - 60
41
9.1
42
9.2
43
9.3
Contribution
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
12
12
0
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
0
11.1
11.2
11.3
0
12.1
The concept of Re-unification / Federal Republic of Cameroon.
55
12
56
12
39
'
38
History from self-mie to independence: Mbida's Administration and Policies to 1958/ Cameroonian and
French reactions.
Ahidjo's
Administration
and Policies to 1960/ Cameroonian
and French reactions.
Il
1
of the French, ALCAM and the U.N.a
ofindependence.
1961 - 1972
Events leading .to the Reunification: The Bamenda/F oumban and Yaounde Conferences.
The Federal Government under Ahidjo.
Political, Economic and Social Developments in the Federated States.
The collapse of the Federated Systems.
Cameroon under the Vnitarv System. 1972 to Present day
Cameroon under Ahmadou Ahidjo - Domestic and Foreign Policies
Cameroon un der Paul Biya - Domestic and. Foreign Policies.
The rebirth of multi-party politics in Cameroon and its effects.
Cameroon in international relations since indeoendence
Foreign policy objectives.

12.2 Cameroon and international organisations: U.N.a, a.A.U, A.U, UDEAC, CEMAC, E.U,
12.3 Commonwealth, Francophonie, Arab League, Cameroon's relations with major powers.
Objectives: A = Knowledge; B =Comprehension;

..
to the development
=Application; D3=Analysis.
2.
CAMEROONGENERALCERTIFICATEOF EDUCATIONBOARD
SIN Section N Sub. NC
Topic
57
58
59
B
B
B
0
1
1
0
0
1.1
60
1.2
61
62
63
64
Motives ofthe scramble for Aftica in the last quarter of the 19thcentury / various reasons (i.e. political,
economic, social, cultural, humanitarian, military, technological etc) / Reasons why European penetration
and occupation was possible after the 1880's.
1.3 Berlin West Aftican Conference/ Berlin Act of 1885/ and its consequencesonAftica.
1.4 The various imperialist methods used or adopted by European powers to acquire colonies in Aftica ftom
1885 to 1920 / Annexation, Concessions, Protectorate and Mandatory systems.
1.5
Aftican reactions / Resistance to European Penetration and occupation of Aftica. Case studies of at the 3
famous Aftican resistant movements e.g. The Abysisinian Resistance under Emperor Menrlik Il / The
Mandinka Resistance under Samori Toure /.
0
European Colonies and European Colonial Policies
65
2.1
66
2.2
67
2.3
68
2.4
69
2.5
70
2,6
AFRICA SINCE 1884(Excludinl! Cameroon)

European Colonisation of Africa from the mid-nineteenth Centurv (1850 -1900)
A historical background on the activities of European explorers, Missionaries, Traders, Politicians,
Statesmen and Soldiers on the eve of European colonisation of Africa before 1880 / Reasons why the
European powers did not scramble for Aftica before 1880.
The main features of European colonies and key characteristics of European colonial policies in Aftica
(1900-1945).
British colonies in Aftica; British Indirect Rule in Aftica. Case study - Nigeria.
French colonies in Africa: French policies of Assimilation and Assocation in French West Aftica: case
study: Senegal and French West Aftica.
Belgian colonies in Africa:- Belgian policy ofPatemalism case study: Belgian Congo.
White settler Colonies in Aftica:- Kenya, Rhodesia;Aigeria; South Aftica, Portuguesecolonies /
Characteristics of White settler Colonies. Angola / Mozambique.
The economic and social development in Africa during the colonial period in such aspects as Agriculture,
Mining, Railways, Seaports,Industry,Trade, Banking Currency, Education, Health,Religionand

B
72
3.1
Aftica's involvement, contributions to the war efforts and its consequences on political development ftom
1914-1939.
73
74
B
B
3
3
3.2
3.3
75
The Paris Peace Settlement, the Versailles Treaty and impact on Aftica.
The early rise of Aftican nationalism and the birth of Pan Afticanism. Pan Afticanists: - W.E.B du BOIS,
Marcus Garvey and Edward Blyden etc, Pan Aftican Congresses (1900 -1945), Abysinian Crisis.
Growth of African Nationalism and decolonisation Process
76
4.1
77
4.2
78
79
B
B
5
5
0
5.1
80
5.2
81
5.3
82
83
84
85
86
B
B
B
B
B
6
6
7
7
8
0
6.1
0
7.1
0
87
8.1
88
B
B
8
8
8.2
8.3
Objectives:
A = Knowledge;
Syllabus
analysisOL560
"
Transport.
The First World War and its Impact on Africa
71
Aftica and Aftican involvement, Contributions to the Allied War efforts and their consequences on the
political developmentof Aftica ftom 1946- 1960.
Definition of African Nationalism / Factors responsible for the growth of African nationalism / Aftican
nationalist movements.
West African Nationalism and decolonisation Processfrom 1945 1960
The role ofnationalist movementsin the Gold Coast and their leaders in the politicalstrugglefor
independence(1945 - 57)/ BritishConstitutionalchanges and concessions(1946 - 1956).
The role of the nationalistmovements/ Leadersin Nigeria and the struggle for independence19441960/ British Constitutional changes / concessions (1946 - 1950).
The
French Constitutionalconcessionsand changesin French West Africa / The reactionsof Afticans
towards continuous French colonial rule/formation ofR.D.A by Felix Houphuet Boigny/Loi Cadre/ Sekou
Tour's reactions.
Nationalism in Arab North Africa and de-colonisation Process in North West Africa
The Algerian Revolution (1945 - 1962).
Nationalism in East Africa (1945 - 1963)
the struggle for Independence in Kenya.
The Growth of Nationalism in Bel2ian Conl!o/Conl!o Crisis
Reasons for delay in the Congo de-colonisation process / hasty granting of Independence by the Belgian
govemment.
The Causes, Course and effects of the civil war.
The involvement of the UN and foreign powers in the Congo crisis.
B = Comprehension;
C = Application;
D = Analysis.
,,
f

SIN Section
N 5ub. N(
Topic
89
90
91
92
93
B
B
B
B
B
9
9
9
10
10
94
10
95
11
96
11
97
98
99
B
B
B
11
11
12
100
12
12.1 Civil wars, Factors responsiblefor civil strife and effects;case studies: Nigeria, the Congo, Liberiaand
the Sudan.
101
12
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
B
B
B
13
13
13
122 Military coups: Reasons for militarycoups and the impact of military coups on Africanpolitics. Case
.
studies: Nigeria, Ghana and Egypt.
0 African Diplomaev. Rel!onalOre:anisations
13.1 OAU: Its originslcreation/aims/structure/sucesses/failures.
13.2 Regional EconomicsOrganisations:their Origins/Aims/Activities:ECOWAS and CEMAC/A.U
109
110
C
C
C
C
C
1
1
1
1
1
11
112
113
114
0
9.1
9.2
0
The Decolonisation Process in Portue:uese Africa (MozambiQue and Ane:ola (1960-1975)

The anned Struggle and Wars of Liberation in Mozambique.
The armed Struggle and Wars of Liberation in Angola! Rivahy among the Liberation movement.
Post-Independent Africa - Politicallnstabilitv
10.1 Identification of common post-independent problems encountered by the Liberation movement.

10.2 Common political solutions / the creation of the One-party state system: - Case studies of the rise and fall
of some of the One-party states in Ghana and Tanzania.
0
Wars of Liberation in Southern Africa
11.1 The anned struggle and the war of Liberation (The Bush War) in Rhodesia
11.2 The armed struggle and the war of independence in SW Africa, 1948 1994
11.3 The struggle against the Apartheid Regime in South Africa, 1948 1994
Post-Independent Africa - Political Instabilitv/ Post Independent Problems (1960 -2000)
THE WORLD SINCE 1848( an Outline History ofthe Worldd sinee 1848)
Th Revolution ofl848 -1849 in Europe
1.1 The Revolution of 1848- 1849in France- Causes, Course and effects.
1.2 The Revolution in GermanConfederation(1848 - 1849).
1.3 The Revolution in Austria - Hungary(I848 - 1849).
1.4 The Revolution in the ltalian Peninsula(1848 - 1849).
Nation-buildine: efforts in Europe (rise of Nationalism in partieularlv Germanv and ltalv between
0 1848-1870
The ltalian Risorgimento/ the role ofltalian Nationalists/ tracing of main steps and eventstowards
2.1 ltalian unity and the part playedby foreignpowers in the deve10pmentofItalian unity - 1848-1871/
Crimean war: Causes,course and effects.
2.2 Attemptsto achieveGerman unity before 1862/ The Progress of German Political Unity from
1862to 1871/ The Role of Otto Von Bismarck/ tracing of the main steps/mainevents. Bismarck's wars
of German Unification
War with Denmark, war with Austria and Franco
Prussia War and its
consequences.
.
2.3 Outline ofInternal political,economicand social developmentof GermanEmpire: 1870- 1890.
The Indutrialization of European eeonomies in the 1870 1914 and the need for European Colonies
115
116
117
3.1
118
3.2
119
120
C
C
4
4
0
4.1
122
2 The causes of the rivalriesbetweenmembersof the Tripple Entente and Tripple Alliancethat led to the
4. outbreak of the First World War.
122
123
124
4.3 The Paris Peace Settlementof 1919-1920 and the League of Nations and its activities(1920 - 1939)in
the world during the inter-waryears.
0 The Rise of totalitarian ree:imes/ Cbaracteristies in Europe in tbe 1920s and 1930s
5.1 Th rise and. growth of RussianCommunismfrom 1917to 1939/ Consolidation ofCommunism b)lLenin
and Stalin.
125
126
Objectives:
abroad in Afriea and Asia

The main features of scientific, technologica1, military, medical, transport advances in Europe in the
years 1870 - 1914.
International diplomacy; failure of Bismarckian diplomacy / development of the European Alliance
system / Arms and Naval race, Colonial and trade rivalries and events leading to the First World War.
The First World War and ifs impact on Europe and the world (1914 -1920)
The causes of the First World War
.
52
.
The Rise and Growth ofNazism (1919- 1945)/ Consolidation of Nazi dictatorship/ Nazi foreignpolicy
/ Reasons for the Collapse ofNazism.
The Rise to power of Mussoliniand the creationof a Fascist State in Italy / Consolidationof Fascist
5.3 dictatorship(1924- 1938)/ ltalianFascistforeignpolicy(1924- 1943).
= Knowledge;
= Comprehension;
= Application;
= Analysis.
.5
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SIN Section N 5ub. Ne
Topic
6.1
Events leadine: to the SecondWorld War

The causesof the SecondWorld War
6.2
0
The CourselDiplomacy of the war/ its consequences

Europe from 1945 to 1980
7.1
The recovery of Europeaneconomiesand movestowards political integration ofWestem Europe, 1945-
133
7.2
134
C'
135
136
8.1
The domestic and foreign policies of successiveUS Administrations since 1900
C
C
8.2
8.3
a) The Boon years, 1920
127
128
C
C
6
6
6
131
129
130
1980 ie moves towards Europeanunity.Politicaldevelopments in Britain, F~ce and Germany.
137
138
140
C
C
C
142
143
139
8
8
8.4
The end ofthe CoId War lDtente/Collapseof the Berlin Wall/ Perestroikaand Glasnost/thecollapseof
the Soviet Empire and the re-unificationof Germanyin the 1990s.
The USA from 1900 to 1980
- 1929
8
9
8.5
9.1
Commission/UN
Isreal.
Trusteeship/British
C
C
9
10
9.2
The Arab-Isreali
Conflict
144
145
10
146
10
10
b) The Great Depression and the New Deal Schemes, 1929 1933
c) From isolationismto involvementin World affairs, 1921 1945
From Harry Trumanto Jimmy Carter ( 1945 - 1981)
The Middle East: 1900 1980
withdrawaJ/Arab Leaque reaction to the creation of the state of
(1948-1980):causes, course and effects.
~I
Asia: 1900 - 1980
The rise and growth of Communism in China (1919 -1949)/the Long March/Consolidation and spread of
10.1 Communism in Chinai the Chinese Civil War between the Nationalists and the Communists, 1946
1949/ Mao Tse - tung 1949 - 1976. Assessment of his rule.
10.2 India: 1900 1980:British.lndia 1900 1947/Politicaldevelopmentsin IndiaandPakistanftom 1947to

1980.
10.3 Japan 1900 - 1980 - Political development ftom 1900 1945 (Post War Japan 1945 - 1980)
World Diplomacv -International

fsilures)
Ore:anisations (their oril!ns. aims. structures. successes and
147
11
148
11
11.1 The Leaque of Nations (Origins/Aims/Structure/Successes
149
11
11 2 The United Nations Organisation (UNO) and its specialised Agencies

. (Origins/ Aims/Structure/ Activities/Successes and Failures)
150
11
11 3 Topical issues ofintemational significance: Communications/Medecine/AlDS/Refugee

. ProblemlEnvironmental IssueslHuman RightsiSpace exploration.
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
7
~Iv
and Failures)
SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
Field Work: Visits to Historical Sites/ monuments
Exploitation of Historical Documents like Maps, Joumals and Text Books.
Simple interpretation ofhistorical text
TEXT BOOKS AND REFERENCE
For Cameroon
1
2
3
4
5
6
Victor Julius Ngoh, History ofCameroon since 1800

V.G Fanso, Cameroon History for Secondary Schools and Colleges
T. Eyongetah & R. Brain, A History of the Cameroon
ANUCAM, Ordinary Level History for Cameroon Schools
Tazifor Tajoche, Cameroon History in the 19th and 20th centuries
Other texts on Cameroon
For Africa
1
2
3
4
5
Roland Oliver & Anthony Atmore, Africa since 1800

ShilIing, History of Aftica
K.B.C Onwubiko, History of West Aftica, 1800 - Present day
Elizabeth Isichei, History of West Aftica since 1800
Other texts on Modem Amcan History in the Twentieth Century
Objectives: A = Knowledge; B = Comprehension;

C = Application;
D = Analysis.
6
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560 HistorySYLLABUS
Buee: 05 November,
SIN Section
2004
Topic
N Sub. Ne
For the World
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Denis Richard, An IIIustratedHistoryof Modem Europem 1789 - 1974

HL Peacock, Modem Europe History, 1789 - 1980
N. Lowe, Mastering Modem World History
R.D Conwell, World History in the Twentieth Century
John Martell, Twentieth Century World History
Robert E. Lemer and Others, Western Civilization, Volume 2
Other text books on Modem World History
i,
l'
'II
'1
B = Comprehension;
C = Application;
D = Analysis.
7
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Service:26/1 0/2005
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CAMEROON GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION BOARD