3. Methodology.

start

create tin

tin to raster

reclassify

feature to
raster

create aspect
map

grouping the
layer

weighted
overlay

end

Flowchart of methodology.

Evaluation of the layer such as soil, elevation, slope, geology and landuse is important to order
identify the possibility of landslide. Classification are based on the table given as show in
appendix, every layer have their own attribute and an information which need to trough several
process for GIS application able to analyze and produce the result based on the criteria needed.
For this methodology, its show, how GIS application produce a map which show location low
risk and high risk possibility landslide occur.
Classes number 1 has choose as well as low risk of possibility landslide and number 5 show the
high risk possibility of high risk possibility landslide. The procedure of process as show in
number 3.1 until 3.9. And the table classes show in appendix.

3.1

Preparation new map layer.

I.
II.

3.2

Set Kertau RSO Malaya (Meters) in layers.

Add data.
i. Boundary.
ii. Soil.
iii.
Geology.
iv. Landuse.
v. Countour.
Figure 3.1 New Map Layer.

Create TIN layer and Convert to Raster.

Tin layer refer to triangulated irregular network (TIN) where includes topological
relationship between points and neighboring triangles. Because interpolation of the
input TIN surface occurs at regular intervals, some loss of information in the output
raster should be expected. How well the raster represents the TIN is dependent on the
resolution of the raster and the degree and interval of TIN surface variation. Generally,
as the resolution is increased, the output raster more closely represents the TIN surface.
Because the raster is a cell structure, it cannot maintain the hard and soft break line
edges that may be present in the TIN. Step to create and convert:
I.
II.

Create Tin.
Convert Tin to Raster.

Figure 3.2 Raster from TIN layer.

3.3

Spatial Analysis-Slope.

Figure
Slope.

3.3

Spatial analysis for slope analyst the raster layer and create an information slope level.
Where the input is raster layer. As we can see, every colour differentiate value of slope,
and the red colour is show highest value.

3.4

Aspect Map.

To show direction and degree of slope terrain, then Aspect Map created. Where, Aspect
Map provide with colour such red, orange, yellow and etc. for categories symbol and
degree of slope mapped with saturation color for to show the difference brightness of
steepness.

Figure
Aspect

3.4:
Map.

3.5

Feature to Raster.

The map needed to convert are,

I.
Soil Map.
II.
Geology Map.
III.
Landuse Map.
Feature to raster is conversion change the map into the raster image and then all the
information contained
3.6

Reclassify for Slope, Elevation & Aspect Map.

Reclassify means change the original value of classes to classify value we refer to
standard table as show in appendix.

Figure 3.6 Elevation Reclassification.

The image above, show map of elevation with classs number 1 to 5. Where indicated
number 5 more than 20 degree. Thus its rejected.
3.7

Reclassify Soil, Geology and Landuse map.

For soil, geology and landuse Map, the field chosen must follow the table reclassify
given. Example Soil Map, we need classify for information about geology activity, such
as name igneous activity, Silurian-Ordovician, Devonian, Triassic, Tertiary, JurassicCretaceous, Permian and Carboniferous, Quaternary. And the classes show in table in appendix.

Figure 3.7: Attribute name NAMA_SIRI

needed to reclassify for Geology Map.
For landuse classification, the information such as
Sungai, Perkampungan Campur and etc are
classify from class number 1 to 5. Where the
possibility of landslide occur is consider. Class
number 5 show high possibility of landslide. And
class number 5 is rejected.

3.8

Make new group layer.

The aim of made grouping, is to make easier to identify of job have done and make
easier to continue next process.
There have three grouping, based on what process their
have. Group layer Raw Data, for original layer. And
weighted overlay data, group layer are group layer
which will use to overlay process.
Figure 3.8 Group Layer.

3.9 Weighted Overlay.

Weighted overlay is final process for this report, to identify which area accepted and
rejected based on the classification has done.

Figure
Weighted

3.9
Overlay

The figure show, a map of natural activity. Green colour indicate for high risk, and not
suitable for any development, including construction TNB Tower, because possibility of
landslide is high.
Appendix.
Aspect Weightage

Table Weightage for Soil Series

Batang Merbau-Munchong 4
Batu Hitam-Tepus-Sungai Amin
5
Bungor-Munchong 4
Cherang Hangus-Lubok Kiat 5
Gajah Mati-Munchong-Melaka 4
Hutan-Semberin 3
Kelau-Kawang 1
Kuantan 5
Langkawi 1
Marang-Batu Anam-Bungor 4
Pohoi-Durian-Tavy 4
Rengam-Jerangau 3
Rudua-Rusila 5
Selangor-Kangkong 5
Sogomana-Sitiawan-Manik 5
Tanah Gambut 5

Batu Anam-Durian 4
Briah-Tanah Liat Organan &
Muck 5
Chengai 5
Durian-Melaka-Tavy 4
Harimau-Tampoi 5
Jempol 4
Kranji 1
Kulai-Yong Peng 5
Lubok Itek-Lubok Sendong 4
Munchong-Serdang 4
Prang 4
Rengam-Kala 1
Sedu-Parit Botak-Linau 5
Serdang-Bungor-Munchong 4
Tanah Bandar 5
Tanah Liat Organan & Muck 5

Batu Anam-Melaka-Tavy 4
Bungor-Durian 4

Tasik & Kolam 5

Telemong-Akob-Lanar Tempatan
1
Tualang-Idris 5

Telok-Guar 5

Tok Yong-Chempaka-Lundang 4

Chenian 3
Durian-Munchong-Bungor 4
Holyrood-Lunas 5
Kangar 3
Kuala Brang-Kedah-Serdang 4
Kundor-Sedaka-Kangkong 5
Marang-Apek 4
Munchong-Seremban 4
Rengam-Bukit Temiang 1
Rengam-Tampin 1
Segamat-Katung 5
Serdang-Kedah 4
Tanah Curam 5
Tanah Lombong 5

Weightage for slope and elevation.

Slope
Elevation

1
05
0
150m

2
5 - 10
150
250m

3
10 - 15
250
350m

4
15 - 20
350
1000m

5
>1000
m

Reject
>20
-

Influence factor for weightage overlay.

Elevation map
Slope map.
Aspect map
Geology map.
Soil map.
Landuse Map

LHM(HUMAN)
%
40
25
10
10
10
5

LHM (NATURAL
%
50
40
10