Unit 19 Assignment

Pixels
Picture Elements are points in a graphic/image. Thousands and
millions of pixels are used to make up one picture, all arranged in
rows and columns. The pixels are so close together that they look
connected. All the pixels are all the same size and shape, it is a full
block colour.
The number of bits used to represent each pixel determines how
many colours or shades of grey can be displayed. For example, in 8bit colour mode, the colour monitor uses 8 bits for each pixel,
making it possible to display 2 to the 8th power (256) different
colours or shades of grey.
Dimension of the image shows the resolution by the number of total
pixels which makes up the picture. The more pixels in the picture,
the higher resolution. The more you zoom in on a picture, the more pixels you will see, the lower the
resolution. Image resolution tells us how much detail is in the graphic.
Intensity is how bright an image is. If the picture is grey scaled then high intensity would be white and
low intensity would be black. But if it is yellow, blue or red then high would be very bright red, yellow
and blue and low intensity would be dark red, yellow and blue.
Raster Images
Raster images are made up of rows and columns of pixels which
shows pixels when you zoom in on the graphic. There are lot of
different types of raster images;
Lossy a lossy file when under the file format of .jpg can lose a lot
of its resolution when it is saved/downloaded/uploaded.
Lossless a lossless file when under the file format of zip, the
image is broken down into smaller parts so it can save the resolution of the picture. This allows the
user to recreate the picture exactly how it was before with no data loss.
GIF also known as a Graphic Interchange Format. A formal for a file with a little movement.
Sometimes used for web banners.
JPEG also known as a Joint Photographic Expert Group. Jpeg can store more colours that a gif but
this usually means the quality being lower. It is usually used for images for the web.
BMP also known as a Bitmap or Best Management Practices. This file format is capable of storing 2D
images.
TIFF this is a Photoshop image. This is the standard format for scanned images and exporting
greyscale or coloured images to another program.
PSD this is also a Photoshop image. This file format is made up of lots of different layers which are
all on top of each other.

Vector Images
Vector images are a lot more flexible because they are
easily resized and stretched. This is because they are
not made up of organised dots. They are made up or
points on curves and angled. It can be made up of any sort of shape or size, such
as a square, a triangle, or even a 3D shape. Vector-based images are not made
up of a specific number of dots so they can be scaled to a larger size and not
lose any image quality.
EPS stands for Encapsulated PostScripts and is a file format for graphics. Eps
makes the image compatible with PostScript printers.
FLA this is a file format for a moving vector image, almost like a film or movie.
Bit Depth
Bit depth is the amount of unique colours in a colour palette as the number of
bits. The lower the number on bits the less unique colour there are, the opposite
with a high bit depth, more of them. Bit depth also describes the accuracy of the colour you want.
Monochrome - This is black and white or grayscale. It uses shades and brings them into the colours
creating lighter and darker shades.
High Colour True Colour Colour space
Also known as colour model. It is a number system that is used to show colour. The best scanner and
display is RGB because the detail is created by the accuracy of colours. The best one for printing is
CMYK, for videos and TV it would be YUV.
Greyscale Different shades of grey, including black and white, are used to
greater the picture. This may be a smaller file size because it needs less space
as there are not am much colour to save or even create.
RGB The RGB consists of red, blue and green. These colours together make a
display on an electronic device. The RGB setting is used for a lot of game
graphics.
CMYK this is best used for printing, standing for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow
and Black. It is better for printing because it makes the image clear and a
good quality. If the user has made the image as a raster image then the quality will drop with
downloading, uploading and changing the size because it cant handle it but if it is made
as a vector then the image will be taken apart when being converted then put back
together to make a perfect copy which you can then edit, stretch and change.
YUV Video and TV uses YUV. Y determines the brightness of the colour (referred to as
luminance or luma), the U and V determines the colour itself.

HSV This stands for Hue, Saturation and Value. The hue is the colour, saturation is the
richness, brightness or the vibrancy. The light that brightens the colour is the value.
Image Capture
Using a gadget such as a scanner or a camera to capture an image is called digitalisation. Then they
can be stored/saved and changed on a computer. You can change thing as brightness, filters, contrasts,
structure, texture, saturation, fade, shadows and sharpen.
256x256 cheap camera phones
640x480 quality low but used for images for the web
1216x912 good for printing
2240x1680 the best for good quality prints with no loss of quality and captures the most colour
Optimising
To optimise a graphic means to convert and image file to a type that can be displayed and seen on a
page on a website or to reduce the file size so it is small enough to send via email or another method.
It is used when the image is too large.