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Moment of Inertia
Moment of Inertia
Moment of Inertia (Mass Moment of Inertia) depends on the
mass of the object, its shape and its relative point of rotation Radius of Gyration
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Moment of Inertia (Mass Moment of Inertia) - I - is a measure of an object's resistance to changes in
the rotation direction. Moment of Inertia has the same relationship to angular acceleration as mass
has to linear acceleration.
Moment of Inertia of a body depends on the distribution of mass in the body with respect to the axis
of rotation
For a point mass the Moment of Inertia is the mass times the square of perpendicular distance to the
rotation reference axis and can be expressed as
I = m r2
(1)where
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Moment of Inertia
The Moment of Inertia with respect of rotation around the z-axis of a single mass of 1 kg distributed as
a thin ring as indicated in the figure above, can be calculated as
Iz = (1 kg) ((1000 mm)(0.001 m/mm))2
= 1 kg m2
(2)
For rigid bodies with continuous distribution of adjacent particles the formula is better expressed as
an integral
I = r2 dm
g cm2
lbm ft2
2
7
1
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lbm in2
slug ft2
3
slug in2
-1
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Moment of Inertia
kg m2
1 107
2.37 101
3.42 103
7.38 10-1
1.06 102
g cm2
1 10-7
2.37 10-6
3.42 10-4
7.38 10-8
1.06 105
lbm ft2
4.21 10-2
4.21 105
1.44 102
3.11 10-2
4.48
lbm in2
2.93 10-4
2.93 103
6.94 10-3
2.16 10-4
3.11 10-2
slug ft2
1.36
1.36 107
3.22 101
4.63 103
1.44 102
slug in2
9.42 10-3
9.42 104
2.23 10-1
3.22 101
6.94 10-3
(2c)where
Radius of Gyration
The Radius of Gyration is the distance from the rotation axis where a concentrated point mass equals
the Moment of Inertia of the actual body. The Radius of Gyration for a body can be expressed as
rg = (I / m)1/2 (2d)where rg = Radius of Gyration (m, ft)I = Moment of inertia for the body (kg m2, slug
ft2)
m = mass of the body (kg, slugs)
Moments of Inertia for a thin-walled hollow cylinder is comparable with the point mass (1) and can be
expressed as:
I = m r2
(3a)wherem = mass of the hollow (kg, slugs)r = distance between axis and the thin
walled hollow (m, ft)ro = distance between axis and outside hollow (m, ft)
Hollow cylinder
I = 1/2 m ( ri 2 + ro2)
inside hollow (m, ft)ro = distance between axis and outside hollow (m, ft)
Solid cylinder
I = 1/2 m r2 (3c)wherem = mass of cylinder (kg, slugs)r = distance between axis and outside
cylinder (m, ft)
Circular Disk
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Moment of Inertia
I = 1/2 m r2 (3d)wherem = mass of disk (kg, slugs)r = distance between axis and outside disk (m, ft)
Sphere
Thin-walled hollow sphere
I = 2/3 m r2
(4a)wherem = mass of sphere hollow (kg, slugs)r = distance between axis and
I = 2/5 m r2
Rectangular Plane
Moments of Inertia for a rectangular plane with axis through center can be expressed as
I = 1/12 m (a2 + b2)
Moments of Inertia for a rectangular plane with axis along edge can be expressed as
I = 1/3 m a2
(5b)
Slender Rod
Moments of Inertia for a slender rod with axis through center can be expressed as
I = 1/12 m L2
Moments of Inertia for a slender rod with axis through end can be expressed as
I = 1/3 m L2
(6b)
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Related Topics
Basics - Basic Information as SI-system, Unit converters, Physical constants
Dynamics - Dynamics Motion - velocity and acceleration
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Moment of Inertia
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