1.

The process by which the brain interprets stimuli and turns them into meaningful representations
of the external world is
a) sensation.
b) perception.
c) attention.
d) memory.
e) audition.
2. Which of the following statements about perception is true?
a) Perception represents the brain's attempt to make sense of the
information coming in through the senses.
b) Perception is a reactive process.
c) Perceptions accurately reflect reality.
d) The area of perception that has captured the most research attention is
auditory perception.
e) Perception is independent of expectations.
3. When you perceive something, what is the first step you take?
a) Sensing
b) Learning
c) Memorizing
d) Attending
e) Thinking
4. ______ consists of limiting attention to certain stimuli and filtering out other
stimuli.
a) Sensation
b) Perception
c) Selective attention
d) Perceptual set
e) Habituation
5. Which method of processing visual information involves assembling specific
features of shapes to form patterns?
a) Bottom-up processing
b) Bottom-down processing
c) Top-down processing
d) Bottom-top processing
e) Up-down processing
6. When you are presented with the following visual information, "A," your
brain sees a series of lines and angles in a particular format and interprets
this visual information as the letter A. This is an example of which concept
from perception?
a) Perceptual set

b) Bottom-up processing
c) Top-down processing
d) Selective attention
e) Habituation
7. Which term best captures the meaning of Gestalt?
a) Figure
b) Ground
c) Whole
d) Perception
e) Parts
8. The Gestalt laws of perceptual organization refer to
a) bottom-up processing.
b) top-down processing.
c) bottom-up and top-down processing.
d) figure-ground and grouping.
e) perceptual constancies.
9. Which of the following is true about figure and ground?
a) It's always easy to tell which is the figure and which is the ground.
b) The ground usually has a distinctive shape, whereas the figure does not.
c) An outline clearly defines where the figure ends and the ground begins.
d) What one sees in an ambiguous figure depends on how one organizes
one's perceptual experiences.
e) Once one focuses on one part of an ambiguous figure, it becomes
impossible to switch back and forth.
10.The Gestalt principle of similarity was at work in which of the following?
a) At the playground, Edna saw many children at play. She perceived them
as three groups according to their location: one group of children were near
and on the slides, one was by the swings, and a third was by the sandbox.
b) Frank the lifeguard was watching a group of 7-year-old boy and girl
campers swim in the lake. Because all the girls wore white bathing caps,
Frank perceived them all as one group, even though they were not in the
same place.
c) Even though there were 24 dominos laid down on the table end-to-end,
Gregory perceived them to be one group because they appeared to
represent an uninterrupted series.
11.Rico is shown the following stimulus: X. When asked what he sees, Rico
reports that he sees two intersecting lines, rather than saying that he sees
four separate lines. Rico's response demonstrates which Gestalt principle?
a) Closure
b) Proximity

c) Similarity
d) Connectedness
e) Continuity
12.Which Gestalt principle describes the tendency to perceive objects as
belonging together when they are close to one another?
a) Connectedness
b) Continuity
c) Proximity
d) Similarity
e) Closure
13.Grouping disconnected pieces of information into a meaningful whole
describes the Gestalt principle of
a) similarity.
b) closure.
c) connectedness.
d) proximity.
e) continuity.
14.The tendency to perceive properties of an object as remaining the same
despite changes in its retinal image is called
a) Gestalt organization.
b) perceptual constancy.
c) perceptual congruity.
d) perceptual stability.
e) closure.
15.Tony observes an oval bowl on a table from several different perspectives.
Although the image on his retina changes, he continues to perceive the bowl
as oval. Tony's experience is an example of which constancy?
a) Brightness
b) Textural
c) Size
d) Interpositional
e) Shape
16.The blackbird in the sunlight reflected more light than the white duck in the
shade, yet Brenda perceived the duck to be lighter than the blackbird
because of which of the following?
a) The Ponzo illusion
b) Brightness constancy
c) Relative clarity
d) Retinal disparity
e) Texture gradient

17.Depth cues that require the use of both eyes are called
a) monocular cues.
b) binocular cues.
c) stereoscopic cues.
d) double vision.
e) convergence cues.
18.Which of the following is an example of the depth cue of relative clarity?
a) From a distance, tall buildings appear farther away when viewed on a
smoggy day than on a fair day.
b) The texture of sand beneath your feet is more detailed than the texture of
sand 30 feet in front of you.
c) Lines on the sides of the road appear to come together in the distance.
d) Two buildings are known to be the same size, but the one that is closer
appears larger.
e) In a photograph, patterns of light and dark create the appearance of
three-dimensional objects, even though the photo is flat.
19.Which of the following is a monocular cue for depth perception?
a) Retinal disparity
b) Convergence
c) Clairvoyance
d) Linear perspective
e) Stroboscopic movement
20.At the museum, Leonard stared at a painting of a forest, where the artist
used detail to create a sense of depth. The trees that were "closer" appeared
rough, with greatly detailed leaves and bark, whereas the ones that were
"farther away" appeared smooth and with few details. Which depth cue did
the painter use?
a) Retinal disparity
b) Interposition
c) Relative clarity
d) Shadowing
e) Texture gradient
21.Even though two lines are of equal length, the one with outward-pointing
wings looks longer than the one with inward-pointing wings. This is an
example of the
a) Ponzo illusion.
b) interposition illusion.
c) Mller-Lyer illusion.
d) texture gradient illusion.
e) phi phenomenon.

22.The perception of stimuli that are presented below the threshold of

conscious awareness is called
a) supraliminal perception.
b) extrasensory perception.
c) telepathy.
d) subliminal perception.
e) psychokinesis.
23.Which of the following is true about ESP?
a) College seniors are more staunch believers in ESP than are first-year
students.
b) ESP, or extrasensory perception, is also known as the "sixth sense."
c) Although there is no scientific proof that clairvoyance or psychokinesis
exists, there is such proof for telepathy and precognition.
d) There is no reliable scientific evidence that any form of ESP exists.
e) Belief in ESP is not widespread in this country.
24.The study of events that cannot be explained by known psychological,
physical, or biological mechanisms is referred to as
a) extrasensory perception.
b) clairvoyance.
c) telepathy.
d) parapsychology.
e) subliminal perception.
25.When staring out the passenger window in his dads car while riding down
the highway, Steve noticed that the fence close to the road seemed to flash
past him while trees at the far end of a field seemed to move by more slowly.
This demonstrates:
a. the effects of relative size
b. a pictorial cue for depth
c. motion parallax
d. binocular disparity
26.After Maria photocopied an article she noticed that one letter was chopped
off the end of each line. She was happy to find she had no trouble reading
the article even though the letters were missing. Her ability to read the
article reflects:
a. parallel processing
b. continuation processing
c. bottom-up processing
d. top-down processing
28.When bored in class, Denise stares at her index finger first with only her left
eye, then with only her right eye, to watch her finger seem to dance back
and forth. Denises dancing finger demonstrates:
a. the effects of relative size
b. monocular cues for depth
c. motion parallax

d. binocular disparity
29.After going home for the weekend, you return to your dorm room and notice
a strange odour. This process is known as __________________. Upon thinking
about it for a moment you conclude that it smells like rotten pizza. This
process is known as __________________.
a. sensation; sensation
b. perception; sensation
c. sensation; perception
d. perception; perception
30.When looking at the following 00 0000 00 000 00 you are likely to see five
distinct groups of zeros. This is due to which Gestalt principle?