Secondary Fiber

PPT 210

Secondary Fiber

Fibrous material that has been through the

manufacturing process and is being recycled as
the raw material for another manufacturing
product

Recycling/Secondary Fibers

Waste Paper

Collect
Sort
Classify
Know Its Variables

Contaminant List
by Severity

Contaminant
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive (Most Severe)
Non-Dispersible Adhesives
Non-Dispersible Varnish Coatings
Electrostatic Inks
Chipboard
Non-Dispersible Inks
Poly Coating
Carbon Paper
Plastic
Wet Strength Papers
String
Unbleachable Paper
Metal (Least Severe)

Rating
85
77
74
70
64
62
56
51
48
37
26
21
8

Stickies Contaminants
Chemical Composition
Resins:

Polyvinyl Acetate
Polyvinyl Alcohol

Hot Melts:

Polystyrene (foam)
Polypropylene
Polyethylene
Waxes
Tar
Asphalt
Pitch

Wet Strength Resins:

Parez
Kymene
Melamine
Urea

Latex:

SBR Rubber
Vinyl Acrylics
Pressure Sensitive Adhesives
Other Synthetics

Coatings Contaminants
Contaminant Original Use
s
Clay Coatings

Added to Give Paper

& Smooth Surface

Wax Coatings

Paper or Paperboard
Laminates and
Coatings

Solvent Coatings
(cellulose nitrate,
vinyl)

Added to give Good

Gloss and Grease
Resistance; Vapor
Proofness, Heat
Sealing, Strength,
and Special
Resistance to
Solvents

In-Mill Processing
Difficulty
Disintegrates into Flakes
Causing Defects in Final
Product
Difficult to Disperse in
Pulper; Formation of
Objectionable Specks or
Pellets; Fouls Equipment
Causes Difficulty in
Deinking

Coatings Contaminants
(contd) In-Mill Processing
Contaminants Original Use
Difficulty

Latex

Used as Binders
and Saturants for
Paper and Board

Extruded Coatings

Polyethylene,
Polypropylene,
and Polyamide
Resins Applied by
Extrusion Method

Difficult to Remove in
Some Cases;
Detrimental to Pulp
Quality
Does not Disintegrate
During Cooking and
Difibering; Detrimental
to Pulp Quality

Other Contaminants
Contaminants Original Use

In-Mill Processing
Difficulty

Wet Strength

Paper Treated with

Resins

Does not Disperse in

Pulper; Causes Spots
in Product

Polystrene

Blocks, Beads, etc,

Used in Packing

Difficult to Remove,
Sticks to Rolls, Indents
Sheet and Causes
Pickscouts

RePulping of Waste
Paper

Continuous Pulper
Ragger
Clam Shell
Detrasher
Disperger/fiberizer/Deflaker

Repulping of Waste
Paper

Batch Pulper
Dewire or Wire Removal
Detrasher
Heavies Screen/Cleaner
Deflaker

Recycled Fibers

The Process Begins Waste Paper

Bales

Rejects
Hylte Museum

Pulper Schematic

Variables of RePulping

Stock Temp.
High until it affects contamination
Increase fluidity

Consistency

High with circulation

Pulper Conditions
Consistency
Temperature
pH
Time
Energy
Bleach
Hypochlorite,
Peroxide, Hydrosulfite

5%
50-90oC
4.5-12.0
30-150 mins
150-600 kwh/t
None,

Potential Waste Paper

Recovery Rates

Potential
Recovery Rates

(50-57%)
(63-70%)
(15-30%)
(100%)
(50%)
(37-50%)

Where Used

Multi-ply 75%
Corrugated Medium
Paperboard

Building Products 10%

Newsprint et al 15%

Effect of Repeated Recycling

on Strength Properties of
Unbleached Kraft Pulp

Effect of Recycling

Recycling Operations
Step

Principal Contaminant Functions

Prepulping
- Classification of Paper Sources by
- Quality Control of the Grades
- Contaminant Removal From Papers

Grade

Pulping - Wetting of Paper

- Conditioning of Fiber
- Conditioning of Contaminants
- Removal of Large Type Contaminants
Secondary Pulping
- Wetting of Fiber Bundles
- Conditioning of Fiber
- Removal of Medium Size and Heavy
Contaminants

Recycling Operations contd

Step

Principal Contaminant Functions

Coarse Screening

- Removal of Medium Size Particles

Coarse Cleaning

- Removal of Medium Heavy Contaminants

Deinking
- Ink Removal
- Ash Removal
- Small Heavy and Light Particles Removal
Screening

- Medium and Small Particle Removal

Recycling Operations contd

Step

Principal Contaminant Functions

Cleaning: Forward
Reverse

- Small Heavy Particle Removal

- Small Light Particle Removal

Color Stripping - Modification of Dyes

- Lignin Conditioning
- Fiber Conditioning
Mechanical
- To reduce the Contaminant Particle Size
to Below 10 Micron
Dispersion

- Fiber Conditioning

Usually

Recycling Operations contd

Step

Principal Contaminant Functions

Chemical Dispersion

- To Separate Fibers
- To Reduce Contaminants Particle Size,
Ink Particles
- Fiber Conditioning

Mainly

Deflaking

- To Separate Fiber Bundles

- To Separate Particles From Fibers