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. 38 . E-mail : vig@mod.gov.rs. 20-63-567 20-63-476;
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PUBLISHER: STRATEGIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT FOR MILITARY HISTORY


MINISTRY OF DEFENCE OF REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
EDITORIAL BOARD: Dr. Jovanka aranovi, Director, SRI, President; Dr. Dmitar Tasi,
Research Associate, SRI, Editor-in-Chief; Dr. Milan Terzi, Senior Research Associate, SRI; Dr.
Winfried Heinneman, Colonel, Center for social sciences of German Armed Forces; Dr. Shaul
Shay, Director of the Institute for military history research of Israeli Armed Forces; Prof.
Milan Ristovi, Faculty of Philosophy Belgrade, History Department; Prof. Ljubodrag Dimi,
Faculty of Philosophy Belgrade, History Department; Dr. Mile Bjelajac, Principal Research
Fellow, Institute for Recent History of Serbia; Dr. Dragan Bogeti, Principal Research Fellow,
Institute for Contemporary History; Assistant Professor Aleksandar ivoti, Faculty of
Philosophy Belgrade, History Department; Dr. Mili Milievi, Research Associate, Institute of
History; Major Dr. Miljan Milki, Research Associate, SRI; Major Mag. Dalibor Denda, Research
Trainee, SRI.
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EDITORIAL SECRETARY: Major Dr. MILjAN MILKI
Journal is pubished in two volumes per year. Year LXIV. Contributions should be send to:
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Rear cover:
Battle of Cer Memorial, Tekeri


. 1/2014

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1878. ...................................................
. , 1907. ,

( ) .............................................................................
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, 19231925. .........................................
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1948. .....................................

105
123
137
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182
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233
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,
1915. ................................................................................ 253
,
25. 28. 1967. ....... 274

, , :
, ,
19121918, ,
, 2013, 212 . ( ) ............................ 289
: : 1939 1945, . I II,
, , 2013. ( ) ........................................... 292


1944. , ,
, 2225. 2014.
( )................................................................................................... 299
- :
, , 28. 2014.
( ) ................................................................................... 301
XIV
(CSWG) Doctrinal hange: Using the Past to fight the
Present, () 711. 2014.
( ) ................................................................................... 303

CONTENTS
MILITARY HISTORY REVIEW 1/2014
ARTICLES AND STUDIES
Dr. Aleksandar Uzelac, Serbian Armies in the Wars in Europe
and Asia Minor (12th-14th Centuries) ................................................................
Dr. Milo Ivanovi, Development of Military Service as Foundation
for Creation of Nobility in Medieval Serbian State ......................................
Dr. Gordana Blagojevi, Greek Historiography and Private Archives
on Life of Eastern Orthodox Pasha ordje Berovi, the Prince
of Samos and last Ottoman Governor of Crete ..............................................
Uro Tati, Hypollite Monden in Serbia.
Second Stay (1861-1865) ......................................................................................
Lieutenant Colonel Dr. Slobodan uki, Education of Serbian Officers
in Austria-Hungary and Germany by the end of 19th
and beginning of 20th Century ..............................................................................

9
30
49
59
85

CONTRIBUTIONS
Dr. Aleksandar Rastovi, Dr. Marija Koci, Charles XII and Porte:
Negotiations about Return to Sweden in the Light of English Sources .....
Major Dr. Thorsten Loch, Germany, Great Powers of Europe
and Balkan Conference of 1878 ...........................................................................
Dr. Nenad . Petrovi, Murder of Novakovi Brothers in 1907,
Criminal Investigation and Parliamentary Debate regarding this Case
(Military and its Influence on Politics) .............................................................
Dr. sc. Stracimir Goovi, Franjo Zeljak, Yugoslav Royal Navy Diving
Service ...................................................................................................................................................
Dr Ivan M. Beci, Parliamentary Debates over the Military Budgets
in Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes ......................................................
Sran Mii, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and
Plans for the coup detat in Bulgaria, 1923-1925 ................................................

105
123
137
158
182
203

1/2014

Dr Dmitar Tasi, Organization of Border Security Service in Yugoslav


Armed Forces from the End of WWII till Resolution of Cominform 1948... 233

DOCUMENTS
Jovo Miladinovi, One Ottoman Source on Serbian Military in 1915 .......... 253
Dr. Slobodan Selini, Document on Reactions within the Yugoslav
Peoples Army regarding Josip Broz Titos Visit to Kosovo
and Metohija from 25. till 28 of March 1967 .......................................................... 274

REVIEWS
, , :
, ,
19121918, ,
, 2013, 212 . (Nikola Toi Maleevi) ....................................... 289
: : 19391945, . I II,
, , 2013. (Stefan Radojkovi) ................................................. 292
INFORMATION
International Conference Slovak National Uprising Slovakia and
Europe during 1944, Banska Bistrica, Slovakia, 22-25 April 2014
(Dr. Dmitar Tasi) ....................................................................................................... 299
International Conference Serbian-Italian Relations:
History and Modern Times, Belgrade, 18 May 2014
(Major Dr. Miljan Milki) ......................................................................................... 301
XIV XIV Annual Conference of the Euro-Atlantic Conflict Studies
Working Group (CSWG) Doctrinal Change: Using the Past
to fight the Present, Bratislava (Slovakia), 7-11 April 2014.
(Major Mag. Dalibor Denda) .................................................................................. 303

(XIIXIV )

94:355.1(497.11)"11/13" ;
94:355.216(497.11)"11/13" ;
355.48(4)"11/13"
,
,
E-mail: aleksandar.uzelac@iib.ac.rs


(XIIXIV )*
: XII, XIII XIV ,

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* :
,
(. . 47025).
1 : . ,
, 1893, . 7696 ( : , );
. , , . . , II, 1952, . 110114; G. krivani,
O najamnikoj vojsci u srednjevekovnoj Srbiji, Vojnoistorijski glasnik, 1/1954, . 8093;
G. krivani, Organizacija srednjovekovne vojske u Srbiji, Bosni i Dubrovniku, Vojnoistorijski glasnik 1/1967, . 150157 ( : krivani, Organizacija); A. Veselinovi,
Vojska u srednjovekovnoj Srbiji, Vojnoistorijski glasnik, 12/1994, . 407414; . , ,
, . . . , 2004, . 226232;
. , II ,
, 2/2011, . 927. ( : , )

1/2014

.
, ,
, . , XII XIV . ,
,
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*

XII . , 1150. , II I ,
. 2.000 , , 300, 500 .2
. 1146. .3
II .
1160. , ,4
, (
II )
.5
.
1167. , ,
, .
Ioannis Cinnami Epitome rerum ab Ioanne et Alexio Comnenis gestarum, ed.
A. Meineke, Bonn 1836, . 113 ( : Cinn.);
, IV, 1971, . 37. (. . ,
: , IV)
3 . , , Studia Historica Collecta, vol. I,
2006, . 160.
4 Cinn., . 199; , IV, . 55.
5 Cinn., . 236; , IV, . 77.
2

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(XIIXIV )

, .6
. , 1176. . ,
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.7
XII
, . , , o . 1259.
VIII
, , II . ( ), .
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, XIV , 600
(li rois de Servie lui
envoya .vj. homes a cheval).8 , ( 1377. )
1.000 , (et fizo venir el duch de Quarantana con mil
Alamanes & de Hongria dos mil Hungaros & de Seruia mil sieruos) e
e .9 (XV )
6 Cinn., . 270; , IV, . 98; J. Birkenmeier, The Development of the Komnenian Army 10811180, Leiden Boston 2002, . 119; . , , , 2/2010, . 1415.
7 Cinn., . 299; , IV, . 105.
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conqueste de la prince de l'Amore: Chronique de More (12041305), ed. J. Longnon, Paris 1911, . 9697.
9 Libro de los fechos et conquistas del principado de la Morea, ed. A. MorelFatio,
Genve 1885, . 54, 59, 61.

11

1/2014


(il R di Servia mand m.v arcieri a cavallo)
.10 ,
, ,
.11
,
. (Kressenbrunn), II
IV. , ,
(Rasiensium) , , , , .12
-
,
. ,13
. - e, , (ca. 12651320)
, e, (kunic von
Sirve) , IV .14
C. Hopf, Chroniques grcoromanes indites ou peu connues, Berlin 1873, . 441, 443.
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. , , 1959, . 420; , I, . . , 1982, . 351. (. , : );
. , XIII (12041261),
. 2728/1989, . 143144.
, , . , . . D. Jacoby, Quelques considrations sur les versions de la Chronique de More, Journal
des Savants, 1968, . 133189. , 5.000
, , .
12 Codex diplomaticus Hungariae ecclesiasticus ac civilis, ed. G. Fejr, IV/3, Budae
1829, . 1516; Annales Otakariani . 12541278, ed. D. Rudolf Kpke, Monumenta
Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, IX, Hannover 1856, . 184185.
13 : . ,
, C , 21/1940, . 2132; M. , I,
, 1/1948, . 3036; G. McDaniel, On HungarianSerbian Relations in the Thirteenth
Century: John Angelos and Queen Jelena, UngarnJahrbuch, 12/1982, . 4350.
14 Ottokars sterreichische Reimchronik, ed. J Seemller, Monumenta Germaniae Historica Scriptorum qui vernacula lingua usi sunt, V/1, Hannover 1890, . 106.
10
11

12

(XIIXIV )


. , 1293.
1294.
, . -, , II,

. ,

. 1297.
,
.15

.

XIV . 1311.
e, , ( ) . , .
, , II
. , .16 (13881464): Thomas Ebendorfer, Cronica Austrie, ed. A. Lhotsky, Berlin Zrich 1967, . 133134.
15 , ,
. . , 1866, . 121122 ( : /);
, , . . ,
1935, . 9192. ( : /) : A. Uzelac, Tatars and Serbs at the end of the Thirteenth Century, Revista de Istorie Militar, 56/2011, . 1415.
16 Nicephori Grgorae Byzantina Historia, ed. L. Schopen, I, Bonn 1829, . 262263,
267269 ( : Gregoras); -

13

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II, , ,
.
, .17 ,
.
.18
,
.19 , - .

, , je a II
, , . .
. ,
, .20 ( ) ,

. ,
, , VI, 1986, . 184188. (. . , : , VI); . Laiou, Constantinople and the Latins The Foreign Policy of Andronicus II 12821328, CambridgeMassachusets 1972, . 232233; N. Oikonomides, The
Turks in Europe (13051313) and the Serbs in Asia Minor (1313), The Ottoman Emirate: 13001389, Rhetymnon 1993, . 163165.
17 /, . 145; /, . 109110.
18 1320. ,
II ,
Ioannis Cantacuzeni eximperatoris historiarum libri IV, ed. L. Schopen, I, Bonn 1828, . 35.
( : Cantacuzenus); , VI, . 307308. (. . ) . : ,
, . 16; . M. Bartusis, The Late Byzantine Army Arms and Society
12041453, Philadelphia 1992, . 83 ( : Bartusis, Late Byzantine
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19 /, . 145; /, . 109. ,
, Laiou, .., . 233, . 138.
20 /, . 146147; /, . 110111.

14

(XIIXIV )

,
, . , II .21 ,
1313. ,
,
.22
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( ).23

.24 ,

. - XV .
, ( , ), (Firenk), (Alanos), (Rm) (Srf).
-, . , .25
,
, XIV . -
1308. .26 , . /, . 147148; /, . 111.
L. Petit, Actes de Chilandar, T. I: Actes grecs, ,
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23 . , , I, 1982, . 19.
24 . , XIV XV , 1960, . 114117. , . ,
, , . 440.
25 Le Destan d'Umur Pacha (DusturnameI Enveri), ed. I. MlikoffSayar, Bibliothque byzantine. Documents, II, Paris 1954, . 4748.
26 D. Nicol, The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 12611453, Cambridge 1993, . 143;
Oikonomides, .., . 166167.
21
22

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XIII XIV ,
, .27 , ,
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Bulgaria habitum),30
( ).
, , a
(contra Bulgaros, Bazarab woyuodam Transalpinum, regem Rascie scismaticum, ymo et Tartaros fines regni nostri ubi e
unitatem ortodoxe fidei continue hostiliter invadentes).31 ,
1320 1321. .32 /, . 118119; /, . 90.
, XIV . . . , 1330 .?,
456/1989, . 5051.
28 /, . 178; /, . 134.
29 Gy. Gyrffy, Adatok a romnok XIII. szzadi trtnethez s a romn llam kezdeteihez, Trtnelmi Szemle, 7/1964, . 548.
30 , (Greny, . Grade),
, , V. Achim, Raporturile regatului Ungariei cu rile de la frontierele sale sudestice n primele dou decenii
ale secolului al XIVlea, Revista istoric 14/2006, . 177, . 42.
31 Gyrffy, .., . 551552.
32 S. Iosipescu, Romnii din Carpaii Meridionali la Dunrea de Jos de la invazia
mongol (12411243) pin la consolidarea domniei a toat ara Romneasc. Rzboiul
27

16

(XIIXIV )


, , .
-
1330. .
, .
,
.33
-
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.34
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III. ,

1326 1327. .35 , ,
, , ,

. ,
victorios purtat la 1330 mpotriva cotropirii ungare, Constitutirea statelor feudale
romneti, Bucureti 1980, . 6668. 1324.
1325. (. Gyrffy, .., . 552, . 80),
,
.
33 /, . 195; /, . 147.
34 . , , I, 1968, . 264273; , . 508510.
(. )
35 , VI, . 619627; . ,
III 1326 , , II, 1977, . 521530.

17

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.38
Gregoras, I, . 393397; Cantacuzenus, I, . 259. ; , VI, , 200204,
319334; , . 502503 (. ); Laiou, .., . 294296; M. Bartusis,
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37 Cantacuzenus, II, . 354355; , VI, . 438440; .
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38 Cantacuzenus, III, . 301302; Bartusis, Late Byzantine Army, . 294; Kyriakidis, .., . 109110.
. : . ,
, . . . , 2003, . 431446. (
: , )
36

18

(XIIXIV )


, V,
1351. .39 ,
, ,
7.000 .
4.000. .40 ,
, , .
1352. ,
,
V , , 12.000 ( 10.000 ).
, ,
,

. , , , , , , . .41 . , . ,
, 42

. ,
III
, .
1355.
, .
Gregoras, III, . 148149; Cantacuzenus, III, . 201204; , VI, . 280283,
546549; G. Soulis, The Serbs and Byzantium During the Reign of Tsar Stephen Duan
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40 Gregoras, III, . 180181; Cantacuzenus, III, . 246; , VI, . 288,
553. : Soulis, .., . 50;
Nicol, .., . 238.
41 Gregoras, III, . 181182; Cantacuzenus, III, . 248249; , VI, . 289, 555.
42 . , , , 49/2012, . 267.
39

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), (
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, . 1259. je 600 1.000 ,
. 1312.
, , , 2.000 . , .
43 S. Ljubi, Listine o odnoajih izmeu junoga Slovanstva i Mletake republike, III,
Zagreb 1872, . 288289, 292, 304306; . , XIII XIV ,
1986, . 6568; , .., . 305307.

20

(XIIXIV )

. 1313 ,
, . ,
,44
. II 1327. . ,

, , .45
XIII, XIV ,
. .

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. , . ,

, (
)46 (
). ,
, .
XIV II: H. Ahrweiler, Byzance et la MerLa marine de guerre, la politique et les institutions maritimes de Byzance aux VIIe XVe
sicles, Paris 1966, . 374381.
45 Bartusis, Late Byzantine Army, . 256; Kyriakidis, .., . 85, 91.

.
,
. . , ,
1893, . 169; , .., II, . 106.
46 . , , .
. , 1996, . 4344; . krivani, Organizacija, . 145. , , , , , .., . 4445.
44

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. 173. : , , , , ,
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,49 . , .50
XIV , .51 , , ( XIV ) .52 ,
, , .
47 . , , , 121/1974, .305309; . . , ,
2006, . 2024. ( : , )
48 . , 1349. 1354, 1960, .
7778. (. 173.)
, , . , , . 448449; . ,
, , , 453/2011, . 5455.
49 krivani, Organizacija, . 144; Veselinovi, .., . 391.
50 , .., . 79. (. 177)
51 . . , ,
, , , . . , . . , 1984, . 13. .
52 , .., . 51. (. 42); , .., . 56.

22

(XIIXIV )


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, , . , .54
.
, . , .
,

.55
1313. ,
. .56 ,

. ,
, ,

.
, .
: , , . 6165; , .., . 241242.
. , , 2001, . 1724.
55 (.
),

, . , . , II,
,
, II, 1977, . 347; . , , , , , 71/2005, . 64.
56 Oikonomides, .., . 167.
53
54

23

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, .57
,


.

*
, XII ,
.58 ,

,

. , 1176.
, , . . ,
I
, .59 ,
,
XIII XIV ,
. .
XIV . , , Racz
, Raci (Item regnum Racie a Racz quod vestigium equorum
multitudinis exercituum in unum congregatorum dicitur nominatum. Nam
57 . . , ,
, 1888, , . 73.
58 , .., . 1617.
59 W. Regel, Fontes rerum byzantinarum, I, Petropoli 1892, . 43; , IV, . 220.
(. ); , .., . 15.

24

(XIIXIV )

ex hoc Slawi multitudinem equitancium dicunt Raci).60 ,


Racz , ,
.
XIII ,
. ,

. , ,
, .61 , .

. , ,
.
, .62

, ,
, .63 .64
,
.65 XIII
( ) 60 Chronica Poloniae Maioris, ed. B. Krbis, Monumenta Poloniae Historica, series nova, VIII, Warszawa 1970, . 5; , , XIXIII ,
. . , 1987, . 53.
61 . , ( . 48. ),
, 1314/1956, . 8591.
62 , , . . . , 1999, . 118119; , .., . 43; . ,
, 1978, . 35.
63 , .., . 50. (. 38)
64 , , I: 11861321, . . . . ,
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65 , .., . 4041.

25

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, .66
(

),67 XIV
. , .
1342. ,
(curacias et alia arma neccessaria pro centum equitibus),
500 .68 , ,
1327. ,
(licentia pro Marco Ruzini portandi ad regem Rascie equos VI).69
, , .70
. , ,

.71 XIV
, .72

, .
,
1284. . 66 /, . 137, 344; /, . 103, 261; ,
.., . 37.
67 . , XIIIXIV
, 2013, . 7277.
68 Acta Albaniae Veneta saeculorum XIV et XIV, ed. J. Valentini, I, Palermo 1967,
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. , , XIIXIV ,
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71 . . , , 2003, . 111, 113.
72 , . 376.

26

(XIIXIV )

, .73
, .
, , ,
.
.
(destriero, destrier), (ronzino, roncin) ,
(corsiere, coursier)
(palafreno, palefroi).74 ,

.
, .
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, , , ;
,
, .75
, XIII-XIV
, .
. , , . 1: 12781301, 1932, . 118, 121. , .
, ,
, . : . , , I, 1924, . 4957, 470472; . , , 1954, . 129136; . ,
, , 12/1981, . 4761.
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75 , .., . 40, 114115; . , .., II, . 151152.
73

27

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,
. 12671269. ,
, ,
, , , .76 , XIV
. , , ,
(Equis in partibus illis exceptis valde paucis
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.78
. ,

,79
.
(1396) (1402),
. , .
, ,
. ,
, .
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78
. , I , II , XIV
, , , Les enseignements de Thodore Palologue, ed. C. Knowles, London 1983, . 58.
79 , .., . 117118.

28

(XIIXIV )

Dr. Aleksandar Uzelac, Research Associate


INSTITUTE OF HISTORY, BELGRADE

SERBIAN ARMIES IN THE WARS IN EUROPE


AND ASIA MINOR (12th-14th CENTURIES)
(Summary)
During the XII-XIV centuries, Serbian rulers frequently employed their
armies in the conflicts beyond the borders of their state. As a consequence of
ambitious foreign policies, vassal obligations or concluded alliances with
Byzantium, Hungary or Bulgaria, they fought on the various battlefields from
Central Europe to Asia Minor. The most notable examples are battles of
Pelagonia (1259) and Kressenbrun (1260), expeditions undertaken against
Turks in Thrace and Anatolia (1312, 1313) and military aid sent to Byzantium
during the various stages of civil wars fought between Andronicus II and
Andronicus III (1327), and between John V Paleologus and John VI
Cantacuzenus (1342-43, 1352). Serbian armies also served mighty Tatar
leader Nogai (1294-97) and after the battle of Velbazhd (1330), they provided
armed support to friendly political faction in Bulgaria.
The rulers exercised firm control over their military resources. These
primarily consisted of domestic allodial and feudal nobility, but also of foreign
oriental and western mercenaries. Although there is a distinction in the sources
between these two groups, one may observe the tendency to organize a unified
army, irrespective of its members origin. During this period, Serbian armies grew
up in size; detachment that paricipated in the Battle of Pelagonia in 1259
amounted no more than 1000 lightly equipped riders, while expeditionary corps
sent to Byzantium in 1352 consisted of no less than 4.000 cavalrymen.
Although in the twelfth century infantry played the most important role
in Serbian armament and tactics, during the thirteenth and fourteenth
century cavalry gradually became dominant. Sources testify that Serbian
armies who fought abroad mainly consisted of cavalry units. Much attention
has been cast to horse breeding and several notices from the sources show
that domestic nobility was abundant in riding animals. However, according to
the eyewitness testimonies, their horses were small in stature and their
fighting qualities were generally weaker than in the case of their western and
byzantine counterparts. In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, presence
of heavy mounted troops was probably limited only to western mercenary
corpses and Serbian cavalry was predominantly light. Its character was
determined by the quality of available horses, rather than arms and armor
and important changes in this aspect took place only during the era of
Ottoman conquests, when oriental horses were introduced in the Balkans in
larger numbers.

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